人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploratio Learning About Language and Using Language 词汇语法专项训练（含解析）
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Unit3 Learning About Language and Using Language 词汇语法专项训练
一、刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. His theory remains controversial with quite a few supporters and many________ (opponent) as well.
2. I'm sorry to inform you that you can't take________ (possess) of the property until the contract is signed.
3. It was reported in the local newspaper that the________ (murder) had been arrested in a small town.
4. They were lost at sea, ________the mercy of the weather.
5. The virus can log keystrokes you make when you log________ all sorts of services.
6. One source said the company was also looking for other ways ________ (address) its debt issue.
7. — This stupid robber actually robbed a plain-clothes police officer in his last robbery!
— It would make sense for him to end up ________ (arrest).
8. ________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
9. The countries are all believed________ (negotiate) to obtain missiles at some point.
10. Our school often organises various after-school activities, ________ (relieve) our stress to some degree.
二、刷语法填空
体裁：说明文昌题材：介绍说明词数：227M难度：中o建议用时：7分钟
[课标全国I 2020]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe（探测器）-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— 1 （touch）down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is 2 （extreme）challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4 （interesting）to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 6 （find）and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists，"Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，"because it 7 （mean）we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8（construct）."Data about the moon's composition，such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether 10 （it）plans for a future lunar（月球的）base are practical.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
三、刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：316 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[吉林五校2021高二期中]Scientists in England are using two self-directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland. The area is known for its unusual sea life. Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries. It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton，UK，and the World Wildlife Fund. The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days. Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle. He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover fish and small organisms called zooplankton（浮游动物）.He adds that other sensing equipment measures ocean currents and other features of sea life. The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind. It can stay floating on water for months. The robotic vehicle sends information about the so-called biodiversity hotspots. A biodiversity hotspot is an area of the ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea. She says productive ocean areas，like the Celtic Sea，attract zooplankton. The zooplankton then attracts fish. She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the sea with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analysing the collected information. They say the research will give them a better understanding of the need of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
1. Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea
A. To study the geography of the sea.
B. To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
C. To test their self-directed water vehicles.
D. To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
2. According to the text, the water vehicles.
A. are controlled directly by humans
B. work depending on the map of the sea
C. can send the information back directly
D. can keep floating on water for a long time
3. According to Lavinia Suberg, the sea mammals and birds .
A. are afraid of living alone
B. mainly feed on zooplankton
C. like to live in warm ocean areas
D. are especially interested in fish
4. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The aim of sea exploration.
B. The cost of exploring the sea.
C. The importance of the water vehicles.
D. Ways to deal with the collected information.
答案解析
刷单句填空
1.opponents 句意为：他的理论仍有争议，有相当多的支持者也有许多反对者。设空处被many修饰，应用复数，故填opponents。
2.possession句意为：我很抱歉地告诉你，合同签订后你才能拥有这份财产。take possession of意为“拥有”。故填possession。
3.murderer 句意为：据当地报纸报道，杀人凶手在一个小镇被捕了。murderer意为“杀人凶手”。
4.at 句意为：他们在海上迷失了方向，只能听命于天气。at the mercy of意为“任……摆布”。
5.on/in 句意为：当你登录各种服务系统时，病毒会记录你的击键行为。logon/in意为“登录”。故填on或in。
6.to address 句意为：有消息称，该公司也在寻求其他方式来解决其债务问题。address在此应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰ways，the way to do sth意为“做某事的方法”。故填 to address。
7.being arrested句意为：——这个愚蠢的强盗在最近一次抢劫时，居然抢的是一名便衣警察！—这也就能说得通为什么他最终被捕了。end up doing sth为固定搭配，意为“最终做某事”，arrest在此应用动名词作宾语，且与其逻辑主语是被动关系，所以应用being arrested。
8.To ignore/lgnoring 句意为：忽略两项研究结果的区别将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，应用动名词或动词不定式形式作主语。故填To ignore/Ignoring。
9.to have negotiated 句意为：人们都认为，这些国家为了拥有导弹曾在某个时期进行过谈判。sb be believed to do sth意为“某人被认为做某事”，由at some point可知，此处negotiate表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。故填 to have negotiated。
10.relieving句意为：我们学校经常组织各种课外活动，这在一定程度上缓解了我们的压力。relieve在此应用非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，与主语是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填relieving。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了中国的航天壮举：成为首个让无人探测器——“嫦娥四号”在月球背面着陆的国家。本文介绍了“嫦娥四号”本次的航天任务和意义。
1.touched 句意为：以中国古代的一位月亮女神的名字命名的无人探测器“嫦娥四号”，上周在月球的南极-艾特肯盆地着陆。分析句子成分可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词；根据时间状语last week可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填touched。
2.extremely 句意为：着陆在月球的背面是极具挑战性的。分析句子结构可知，此处用于修饰形容词challenging，应用副词，故填extremely。
3.where句意为：由于月球自身遮挡了（地球）与探测器之间直接的无线电通信，中国必须先将一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置，在那里它能够向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spot，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句，故填where。
4.interest 句意为：科学家们对月球的背面尤其感兴趣，因为它有许多深的环形山，比人们所熟悉的月球正面的环形山更多。结合句意可知，此处应为“be+of+n.”结构，相当于“be+adj.”，故填interest。
5.than 句意见上一题解析。结合上文的The far side of the moon和more及下文的the familiar near side可知，此处含有比较关系，比较月球背面和正面的环形山数量，应用than连接两个比较对象。故填than。
6.to find 句意为：中国的研究者们希望用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究月球南极-艾特肯盆地区域。结合句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，构成use sth to do...结构，意为“使用某物做……”。故填to find。
7.means句意为：布朗大学的科学家卡尔·佩特斯说：“这真的让科学家们兴奋不已，因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构成的信息。”结合语境和上文的“This really excites scientists，”可知，此处表述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语为it，为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，故填means。
8.is constructed 句意见上一题解析。结合语境可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句主语the moon和construct之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且the moon为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is constructed。
9.much句意为：关于月球构成的数据，比如月球上含有多少冰和其他宝藏，能够帮助中国判断其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。结合句意可知，此处应表示“多少”，且ice为不可数名词，故填much。
10.its句意见上一题解析。此处修饰空后的名词plans，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章报道了英格兰的科学家们使用自导式水上载具探索凯尔特海海域的动植物的情况。
1.B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.可知，英国科学家研究该海域的目的是弄清为什么该海域如此吸引海洋生物，即了解其富含海洋生物的原因。故选B项。
2.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.和第五段中的It can stay floating on water for months.可知，这些水上载具能在海中漂浮很久。故选D项。
3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.可知，海洋哺乳动物和鸟类对鱼很感兴趣。故选D项。
4.C主旨大意题。根据最后一段提到应用这些水上载具可以替代载人实验室以减少海洋探索的成本，以及可以给科学家留出更多时间分析采集到的信息可知，本段旨在介绍机器人式水上载具在海底探索中的重要性。故选C项。
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一、刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. His theory remains controversial with quite a few supporters and many________ (opponent) as well.
2. I'm sorry to inform you that you can't take________ (possess) of the property until the contract is signed.
3. It was reported in the local newspaper that the________ (murder) had been arrested in a small town.
4. They were lost at sea, ________the mercy of the weather.
5. The virus can log keystrokes you make when you log________ all sorts of services.
6. One source said the company was also looking for other ways ________ (address) its debt issue.
7. — This stupid robber actually robbed a plain-clothes police officer in his last robbery!
— It would make sense for him to end up ________ (arrest).
8. ________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
9. The countries are all believed________ (negotiate) to obtain missiles at some point.
10. Our school often organises various after-school activities, ________ (relieve) our stress to some degree.
二、刷语法填空
体裁：说明文昌题材：介绍说明词数：227M难度：中o建议用时：7分钟
[课标全国I 2020]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe（探测器）-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— 1 （touch）down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is 2 （extreme）challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4 （interesting）to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 6 （find）and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists，"Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，"because it 7 （mean）we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8（construct）."Data about the moon's composition，such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether 10 （it）plans for a future lunar（月球的）base are practical.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
三、刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：316 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[吉林五校2021高二期中]Scientists in England are using two self-directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland. The area is known for its unusual sea life. Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries. It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton，UK，and the World Wildlife Fund. The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days. Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle. He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover fish and small organisms called zooplankton（浮游动物）.He adds that other sensing equipment measures ocean currents and other features of sea life. The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind. It can stay floating on water for months. The robotic vehicle sends information about the so-called biodiversity hotspots. A biodiversity hotspot is an area of the ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea. She says productive ocean areas，like the Celtic Sea，attract zooplankton. The zooplankton then attracts fish. She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the sea with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analysing the collected information. They say the research will give them a better understanding of the need of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
1. Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea
A. To study the geography of the sea.
B. To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
C. To test their self-directed water vehicles.
D. To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
2. According to the text, the water vehicles.
A. are controlled directly by humans
B. work depending on the map of the sea
C. can send the information back directly
D. can keep floating on water for a long time
3. According to Lavinia Suberg, the sea mammals and birds .
A. are afraid of living alone
B. mainly feed on zooplankton
C. like to live in warm ocean areas
D. are especially interested in fish
4. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The aim of sea exploration.
B. The cost of exploring the sea.
C. The importance of the water vehicles.
D. Ways to deal with the collected information.
答案解析
刷单句填空
1.opponents 句意为：他的理论仍有争议，有相当多的支持者也有许多反对者。设空处被many修饰，应用复数，故填opponents。
2.possession句意为：我很抱歉地告诉你，合同签订后你才能拥有这份财产。take possession of意为“拥有”。故填possession。
3.murderer 句意为：据当地报纸报道，杀人凶手在一个小镇被捕了。murderer意为“杀人凶手”。
4.at 句意为：他们在海上迷失了方向，只能听命于天气。at the mercy of意为“任……摆布”。
5.on/in 句意为：当你登录各种服务系统时，病毒会记录你的击键行为。logon/in意为“登录”。故填on或in。
6.to address 句意为：有消息称，该公司也在寻求其他方式来解决其债务问题。address在此应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰ways，the way to do sth意为“做某事的方法”。故填 to address。
7.being arrested句意为：——这个愚蠢的强盗在最近一次抢劫时，居然抢的是一名便衣警察！—这也就能说得通为什么他最终被捕了。end up doing sth为固定搭配，意为“最终做某事”，arrest在此应用动名词作宾语，且与其逻辑主语是被动关系，所以应用being arrested。
8.To ignore/lgnoring 句意为：忽略两项研究结果的区别将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，应用动名词或动词不定式形式作主语。故填To ignore/Ignoring。
9.to have negotiated 句意为：人们都认为，这些国家为了拥有导弹曾在某个时期进行过谈判。sb be believed to do sth意为“某人被认为做某事”，由at some point可知，此处negotiate表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。故填 to have negotiated。
10.relieving句意为：我们学校经常组织各种课外活动，这在一定程度上缓解了我们的压力。relieve在此应用非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，与主语是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填relieving。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了中国的航天壮举：成为首个让无人探测器——“嫦娥四号”在月球背面着陆的国家。本文介绍了“嫦娥四号”本次的航天任务和意义。
1.touched 句意为：以中国古代的一位月亮女神的名字命名的无人探测器“嫦娥四号”，上周在月球的南极-艾特肯盆地着陆。分析句子成分可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词；根据时间状语last week可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填touched。
2.extremely 句意为：着陆在月球的背面是极具挑战性的。分析句子结构可知，此处用于修饰形容词challenging，应用副词，故填extremely。
3.where句意为：由于月球自身遮挡了（地球）与探测器之间直接的无线电通信，中国必须先将一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置，在那里它能够向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spot，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句，故填where。
4.interest 句意为：科学家们对月球的背面尤其感兴趣，因为它有许多深的环形山，比人们所熟悉的月球正面的环形山更多。结合句意可知，此处应为“be+of+n.”结构，相当于“be+adj.”，故填interest。
5.than 句意见上一题解析。结合上文的The far side of the moon和more及下文的the familiar near side可知，此处含有比较关系，比较月球背面和正面的环形山数量，应用than连接两个比较对象。故填than。
6.to find 句意为：中国的研究者们希望用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究月球南极-艾特肯盆地区域。结合句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，构成use sth to do...结构，意为“使用某物做……”。故填to find。
7.means句意为：布朗大学的科学家卡尔·佩特斯说：“这真的让科学家们兴奋不已，因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构成的信息。”结合语境和上文的“This really excites scientists，”可知，此处表述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语为it，为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，故填means。
8.is constructed 句意见上一题解析。结合语境可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句主语the moon和construct之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且the moon为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is constructed。
9.much句意为：关于月球构成的数据，比如月球上含有多少冰和其他宝藏，能够帮助中国判断其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。结合句意可知，此处应表示“多少”，且ice为不可数名词，故填much。
10.its句意见上一题解析。此处修饰空后的名词plans，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章报道了英格兰的科学家们使用自导式水上载具探索凯尔特海海域的动植物的情况。
1.B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.可知，英国科学家研究该海域的目的是弄清为什么该海域如此吸引海洋生物，即了解其富含海洋生物的原因。故选B项。
2.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.和第五段中的It can stay floating on water for months.可知，这些水上载具能在海中漂浮很久。故选D项。
3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.可知，海洋哺乳动物和鸟类对鱼很感兴趣。故选D项。
4.C主旨大意题。根据最后一段提到应用这些水上载具可以替代载人实验室以减少海洋探索的成本，以及可以给科学家留出更多时间分析采集到的信息可知，本段旨在介绍机器人式水上载具在海底探索中的重要性。故选C项。
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