人教版(2019)高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit3 Sea Exploration 语法-精讲破(有答案)

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名称 人教版(2019)高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit3 Sea Exploration 语法-精讲破(有答案)
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更新时间 2023-03-15 07:50:21

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Unit3 Sea Exploration 语法-精讲破
动词不定式
一、不定式作主语
【观察】
To show mercy to enemies is cruel to ourselves.
对敌人仁慈就是对我们自己残忍。
It’s difficult to develop the vaccine of COVID-19 in a short time.
很难在短时间内研制出新冠肺炎的疫苗。
【归纳】
不定式作主语时,谓语用 ①
② 往往用作形式主语,把不定式放在后面。
在It is+adj.+of/for sb. to do sth.结构中,当形容词是形容人的性格时,用of, 当形容词是形容事物的特征时,用for。
二、不定式作表语
【观察】
His aim was to tax the rich.
他的目的是向富人征税。
My ambition is to be in a league of my own in this field.
我的目标是在这个领域独领风骚。
【归纳】
不定式可放在系动词后作表语,通常是说明主语的具体内容、目的等。
③ 作表语表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来的含义。
三、不定式作宾语
【观察】
They all desire to attend this press conference.
他们都想出席这次记者招待会。
The police have known how to arrest the cruel murderer.
警察已经知道怎样逮捕这个残忍的凶手。
I find it necessary to keep my directory at hand.
我发现把电话号码簿放在手边很有必要。
【归纳】
有些动词后,只能跟不定式作 ④ 。
动词后可接“疑问词+ ⑤ ”作宾语。
不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用 ⑥ 作形式宾语。
【巧学助记】
用动词不定式作宾语的动词
三个希望俩答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise
两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse
设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide
不要假装在选择:pretend,choose
打算提出俩计划:intend,offer,plan,mean
申请失败付得起:apply,fail,afford
准备愿望又碰巧:prepare,desire,happen
四、不定式作宾语补足语
【观察】
Our manager advised us to negotiate with the merchant as soon as possible.
我们的经理建议我们尽快与这位批发商谈判。
We shouldn’t consider our opponents to be the weak.
我们不应该认为我们的对手是弱者。
People found firefighters withdraw from the region.
人们发现消防员撤离了这个地区。
【归纳】
动词+宾语+不定式(to do)。
常用于下列动词后:ask,cause,help,force,allow,permit,advise,order,get,want,wish,tell等。
在“五看(see,watch,observe,notice,look at)三使(make,let,have)两听(hear,listen to)一感(feel)”(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带 ⑦ ,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式可带to也可不带to,即 help sb.(to)do sth.。
注意:在不定式作宾语补足语的结构中,变为被动语态时,宾语补足语就转换成了主语补足语。
五、不定式作定语
【观察】
The ship had the chance to set sail for Qingdao.
这艘船有机会起航去青岛。
He was the first player to win a gold medal in the tournament.
他是第一个在锦标赛中获得金牌的运动员。
She said she had no plans to go there她说她没有去那里的打算。
【归纳】
不定式在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词,置于被修饰的名词或代词之 ⑧ 。
一般当中心词为序数词、最高级、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,多用不定式作定语。
有些名词常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:promise,pan,offer,decision,ability,warning等。
【误区警示】
不定式与被修饰词之间是被动关系,且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时,该不定式用主动形式表被动意义。如果这个不定式是不及物动词,其后应有相应的 ⑨ 。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
六、不定式作状语
【观察】
She reads China Daily every day to improve her English.
为了提高英语水平,她每天读《中国日报》。
She got to the station hurriedly,only to find the train had gone.
她匆匆忙忙赶到车站,不料发现火车已经开走了。
He was not brave enough to report the loss of the documents.
他没有足够的勇气报告丢失了文件。
【归纳】
不定式作状语表示目的、原因和结果。表原因、结果时一般不置于句首。
不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,常在不定式前面加上 ⑩ 。
[名师点津]现在分词(短语)作结果状语常常表示一种意料之中的结果。
It hasn’t rained for a month, making the crops hard to grow.
一个月没下雨了,使庄稼很难生长。
“形容词/副词+ enough+不定式”结构中,不定式也表示结果。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.(2020江苏,23,★★☆)
They decide ________ (have) more workers for project so that it wont be delayed.
2.(2020课标全国1,语法填空,★★☆)
China has become the first country ________ (land) a spacecraft on the side of the moon.
3.(2020新高考1,读后续写,★★☆)
Many of their families were struggling ________ (make) ends meet.
4.(2020新高考I,七选五,★★☆)
The objective of most speeches is ________ (benefit) the audience.
5.(2020课标全国Ⅲ,七选五,★★☆)
The best housewarming parties encourage old friends ________ (get) together.
6.(2020课标全国Ⅲ,七选五,★★☆)
If you’re lucky enough ________ (receive) gifts, keep them in a safe place.
7. (2020课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解A,★★☆)
Our tour also includes a chance ________ (walk) in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin.
8. (2020课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C,★★☆)
In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected ________ (move) in with their husband’s family when they get married.
9.(2020课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B改编,★★☆)
Higher-income parents tended ________ (have) children play with puzzles more frequently.
10.(2020课标全国I,阅读理解A改编,★★☆)
Queensland Rail makes every effort ________ (ensure) trains run as scheduled.
11.(2020课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B改编,★★☆)
The parents were asked ________ (interact) with their children as they normally would.
12.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,短文改错,★☆☆)
I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is________ (open) a cafe.
13.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空,★☆☆)
On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.
14.(2019江苏,30,★★☆)
________ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment many senior citizens started to use smart.
15.(2019天津3月,10,★★☆)
The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed ________ (take) out of the reading room”.
16.(2018课标全国I,语法填空,★★☆)
To avoid knee pain, you can run on so surfaces do exercises ________ (strengthen) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
17.(2018课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空,★★☆)
The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________ (improve) water quality.
18.(2018北京,6,★★☆)
During the Mid Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ________ (share) a meal admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
19.(2018课标全国I,语法填空,★☆☆)
You don’t have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the benefit.
20.(2017课标全国Ⅱ,短文改错,★☆☆)
When summer comes, they will invite their students ________ (pick) the fresh vegetables!
21.(2017天津,10,★★☆)
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________ (catch).
22.(2017北京,27,★★☆)
Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ (save) their valuable time.
23.(2017江苏,阅读理解C,★★☆)
Google initially used the data collected from users ________ (target) advertising better.
24.(2017课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空,★☆☆)
But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
25.(2017浙江,语法填空,★☆☆)
Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ________ (cook) a meal.
26.(2017课标全国I,语法填空,★★☆)
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
27.(2016课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空,★★☆)
Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.
28.(2016北京,26,★★☆)
________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
参考答案:
①单数形式 ②it ③不定式 ④宾语 ⑤不定式 ⑥it ⑦to ⑧后 ⑨介词 ⑩only
1. to have考查不定式作宾语。句意:他们决定为这个工程增加工人,以便该工程不会被延误。decide to do sth.决定做某事。故填 to have。
2 .to land考查不定式作定语。句意:中国已经成为第个宇宙飞船在月球背面着陆的国家。country前有the first修饰,应用不定式作定语。故填 to land
3. to make考查不定式作宾语。句意:他们的许多家庭都在努力维持生计。struggle to do sth.努力做某事。故填 to make。
4. to benefit考查不定式作表语。句意:大部分演讲的目标是让听众获益。is是系动词,其后用不定式作表语,说明主语的具体内容。故填 to benefit。
5. to get考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意:最好的乔迁聚会鼓励老朋友们聚一聚。encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。故填 to get。
6. to receive考查不定式作结果状语。句意:如果你足够有幸收到礼物,把它们保存到安全的地方。此处是“be+adj.+ enough to do sth.”结构,动词不定式作的是结果状语,意为“足够……做某事”。故填 to receive。
7. to walk考查不定式作定语。句意:我们的旅途还包括次追随梵高和高更足迹的机会。名词 chance后用不定式作定语,a chance to do sth.做某事的机会,故填 to walk。
8. to move考查不定式作主语补足语。句意:在印度,特别是城市之外,年轻的女士预计在她们结婚后搬来和她们丈夫的家人住在一起。expect sb.to do sth.预计某人做某事,此处是其被动形式,故填 to move。
9. to have考查不定式作宾语。句意:高收入的父母往往让孩子更经常玩益智游戏。tend to do sth.往往做某事。故填 to have。
10. to ensure考查不定式作目的状语。句意:昆土兰铁路公司尽一切努力来确保列车按计划运行make every effort to do sth.尽一切努力来做某事,其中动词不定式表目的。故填 to ensure。
11. to interact考查不定式作主语补足语。句意:父们被要求像往常一样和他们的孩子们交流。ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。sb.be asked to do sth.某人被要求做某事。故填 to interact。
12. to open考查不定式作表语。句意:从孩提时期我就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆is是系动词,此处用不定式作表语。不定式作表语表示具体的行为。故填 to open。
13. to get考查不定式作主语。句意:在我们去那所房子的路上,雨下得如此大以致我们禁不住想知道需要多长时间到达那里。此处考查“it would take+时间+不定式”结构,表示做某事花费多少时间,故填 to get。
14. To enjoy考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填 To enjoy。
15. to be taken考查不定式的被动形式。句意:图书馆墙上的牌子上写着“不允许把杂志带出阅览室be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事。此处take与magazine之间为被动关系,应用不定式的被动形式。
16. to strengthen考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的表面上跑步、做运动来增强你的腿部肌肉,避免斜坡,要有好的跑鞋。根据句子结构可知,此处应该使用不定式作目的状语故填 to strengthen。
17. to improve考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了改善水质,政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻。此用动词不定式作目的状语,故填 to improve。
18. to share考查不定式作目的状语。句意:中秋节期间,家庭成员经常聚在一起用餐、赏月、吃月饼。分句子成分可知,空格处用动词不定式作目的状语。
19. to see考查不定式作目的状语。句意:你不必为了看到好处而跑太快或太久。此处用不定式作目的状语,故填 to see。
20. to pick考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意:当夏天来临的时候,他们会邀请他们的学生来摘新鲜的蔬菜!invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事。故填to。
21. to catch考查不定式作后置定语。句意:整个会议期间我一直在看钟表,因为我要赶火车。设空部分是 a train的定语,根据句意可知应用不定式表示将来。catch的逻辑主语I又是从句的主语,故应用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
22. to save考查不定式作目的状语。句意:许多航空公司现在允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节省他们的宝贵时间。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应该使用不定式作目的状语。
23. to target考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:谷歌最初使用从用户那儿收集来的数据,以更好地面向广告业。此处是不定式作目的状语,故填to target。
24. to prove考查不定式作宾语。句意:但是曾和顶尖的模特一起参加了演出的萨拉想证明她美貌与智慧并存。根据句子结构可知,此处应该使用不定式作wants的宾语。
25. to cook考查不定式作目的状语。句意:十六年前,Pahlsson摘下钻石戒指去做饭。根据句子结构可知,这个句子已经有了谓语 had removed,所以此处要不定式作目的状语。
26. to process考查不定式作补足语。此处指它们被要求加工我们吃的食物。require sth.to do sth表示“需要某物做某事”,被动形式为:sth.be required to do sth.“某物被需要做某事”。故填to process。
27. to create考查不定式作目的状语。句意:技术熟练的工人也把各种硬木和金属结合起来,来创造特别的设计。此处用不定式表示目的。
28. To make考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好把这张卡片放在手边。根据句意可知设空处作目的状语,故用动词不定式。
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