人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit3 Sea Exploration 单元限时作业（含解析）

Unit3 单元限时作业
一、刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：语言发展 词数：348 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[河南平顶山2020高二期末]How the languages of the world appeared is largely a mystery. Considering that it might have taken thousands of years，it is attractive to see how deaf people can create novel sign languages spontaneously. Interestingly，children played an important role in the development of these novel languages. However，how exactly this happened has not been documented.
In a series of studies，researchers attempted to recreate exactly this process. Children were invited to stay in two different rooms and an online connection was set up between them. After brief familiarisation with the set-up，the researchers sneakily（偷偷地）turned off the sound and watched as the children found new ways of communicating that go beyond spoken languages.
The children's task was to describe images with different themes in a co-ordination（协调）game. With concrete things-like a hammer or a fork-children quickly found a solution by imitating the matching action，for example，eating，in a gesture. But the researchers repeatedly challenged the children with new, more abstract pictures. In the course of the study, the images to be described became more and more complex, which was also reflected in the gestures that the children produced. In order to communicate, the children invented separate gestures and began to combine them-thus creating a kind of small local grammar.
How does a language come into being Based on the present study, the following steps appear reasonable: First, people create reference to actions and objects through signs that resemble things. The precondition for this is the common ground of experience between interaction partners. Partners also co-ordinate by imitating each other so that they use the same signs for the same things. The signs thus gain interpersonal and eventually conventional meaning.
Over time, the relationships between the signs and things become more abstract and the meaning of the individual signs becomes more specific. Grammatical structures are gradually introduced when there is a need to communicate complex facts. However, the most remarkable aspect of the current studies is that these processes can be observed under controlled circumstances and within 30 minutes.
1. How did the researchers carry out the experiment
A. By making the children communicate in total silence.
B. By inferring and copying the documented materials.
C. By observing children communicating face to face.
D. By listening secretly to the communication of children.
2. What should children do in the studies
A. Show how to do different things with different tools.
B. Take several oral examinations on languages.
C. Describe things to others without spoken languages.
D. Name some abstract objects which they have never seen.
3. What is the process of creating a language
A. Signs→ Accepted meaning→ Interpersonal meaning→Language
B. Interpersonal meaning →Accepted meaning→ Signs→Language
C. Accepted meaning→ Interpersonal meaning → Signs→Language
D. Signs→ Interpersonal meaning → Accepted meaning→Language
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The development of novel sign languages.
B. The formation of languages.
C. The role children play in creating languages.
D. The circumstances of languages coming into being.
二、刷七选五
体裁：说明文昌题材：身体健康词数：252w难度：中建议用时：7分钟
[安徽名校2020高二期末联考]As is often the case，it is human nature to lead a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle and most of us are so involved in our busy schedules that we don't even notice our bad habits. Many worry about the "right time" or "right age" to start working out.1 Here' re some practical tips to help you get fit.
Master your mind. Most people argue that they are too tired or too old to start exercising. Doing so is much easier than trying to change the busy lifestyle. Change your mindset and be more confident in improving your health.2
Easy does it. Once you have chosen a fitness programme, start slowly and increase it in stages.
Begin with just a few minutes of gentle exercises and stretches.3 About 30 minutes should be devoted to your workout. As your body starts to respond and your muscles get used to the exercises, you can gradually increase the length of your workout.
Always warm up. Always remember to warm up your muscles before exercising. Gentle warm-ups will reduce your risk of injury, aches and pains, and increase blood circulation and flexibility.
4 There's no quick access to getting fit. It's a common mistake to do too much too soon. If you don't know how to balance your needs and your expectations, you might seriously injure your muscles or just create stress.
Cool down. When you finish your routine, you need to cool your muscles down and let your heart rate slow gradually.5
A. Don't overload your body.
B. Never ignore your potential.
C. Tell your body to be more active and say, "I can do it."
D. However, nobody cares about what you have done for them.
E. Go next to do some mild activities such as walking, jogging or cycling.
F. Cooling down will help your body to return to its pre-exercise level.
G. But it's never too late for them to start exercising and all they need is enough determination.
三、刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事 词数：247 难度：中 建议用时：12分钟
[山东招远一中2021高二期中]The deadly winter storm set numerous low-temperature records. 1 22 states were impacted，Texas was particularly hard hit.
The state's energy sources mostly went offline and water pipes froze and broke open，leaving millions without electricity and water.
When Timmons left home，she had her day 2 planned. The Houston-based teacher，who increased her income by making home grocery deliveries at weekends，intended to complete all her 3 in the morning and spend the afternoon 4 with chocolates and wine.
5，the weather turned worse just as she reached her last delivery location，and her car broke down，making it 6 to complete the three-hour drive home. Upon hearing her dilemma（窘境），the homeowners，Richardson and Condon，immediately 7 Timmons inside.
As the storm continued，Timmons 8 to move into a hotel，but Richardson and Condon 9 her by asking，"Could you make it there safely？What if they lose power？Isn't the guest room 10 than a hotel chain？”Then they said firmly，“No worries，stay a bit longer.” Filled with 11 Timmons went to “her” room, attempting to hold back her tears.
The educator finally returned home five days later. She expressed her 12 to Richardson and Condon for opening their doors to a complete 13, sheltering her and 14 their meals when food was in short supply. While the violent weather tested Texans' nerve, it also 15 the best in humanity.
1. A. Since B. While C. If D. In case
2. A. barely B. wrongly C. perfectly D. proudly
3. A. runs B. sessions C. repairs D. exercises
4. A. relaxing B. checking C. laughing D. complaining
5. A. Additionally B. Therefore C. Instead D. However
6. A. boring B. unsafe C. impossible D. inconvenient
7. A. invited B. pushed C. attracted D. followed
8. A. offered B. hesitated C. declined D. promised
9. A. suggested B. discouraged C. motivated D. threatened
10. A. worse B. plainer C. better D. colder
11. A. joy B. curiosity C. disappointment D. pride
12. A. optimism B. satisfaction C. hope D. appreciation
13. A. loser B. hero C. stranger D. pioneer
14. A. sharing B. storing C. obtaining D. displaying
15. A. stood for B. accounted for C. brought out D. related to
四、刷语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：航天探索 词数：191 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[江苏常州2021高二期末]China successfully launched its Chang'e-5 lunar mission（任务），named 1 an ancient Chinese moon goddess，2（bring）moon soil back to Earth. The unmanned Chang'e-5 collected as much as 1，731 grams of lunar soil from a 3（previous）unvisited area on the moon. The mission makes China the third country，after the US and the Soviet Union，to have collected samples from the moon.
The Chinese moon programme，4 displays one of the strengths of China's approach to space exploration，5 （begin）with the Chang'e-1 orbiter launch in 2007.China was late for“the space race"，but it 6（catch）up fast in the past few years.7 return of new samples has filled a major gap in our understanding of how the moon developed and helped China decide whether 8（it）future missions to other planets are practical.
The famous Chang'e-5 lunar mission is part of China's four-phase lunar exploration programme 9（run）by the Chinese government，and is a 10 （prepare）for sending Chinese taikonauts to the moon in future，perhaps around 2030.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
五、刷读后续写
难度：中 建议用时：20分钟
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It took place in a teacher's family. One day，Ben was playing basketball in the living room after school，when he accidentally threw the ball at a vase sitting on the shelf. The vase dropped to the floor and a large piece broke off. What made Ben more upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique，which was handed down through generations from the 18th century. It was also his mother's favourite possession. To cover his terrible action，the terrified boy glued the pieces together hastily and put the vase back to its place.
As the mother herself dusted the vase every day，she naturally noticed the cracks（裂纹）that evening. To her surprise，the repair work was actually very good. At dinner time，she asked her boy if he broke the vase.
Fearing punishment，the suddenly inspired boy said that a neighbour's cat jumped in from the window and he couldn't drive it away no matter how hard he tried. It raced around the living room and finally knocked the vase out of its shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son was lying，for all the windows were closed before she left for work each morning and opened after she returned. However，in the face of her son's nervous eyes and the suspicious looks of the other family members，Ben's mother remained calm. She realised she shouldn't just simply blame and punish her son for lying. She came up with another idea.
Before going to bed，the boy found a note from his mother in his room，asking him to go to the study at once. The boy thought he would now be punished but，as he had already lied，he was determined to deny everything to the end，no matter how angry his mum became.
In the study，calmly bathed in the light，his mother's face showed no sign of anger. On seeing her son push open the door and cautiously enter，she took a box of chocolates out of a drawer and gave him one.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
The mother said，"This chocolate is a reward for your imagination: a window-opening cat！" _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy's bad attitude disappeared._________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。语言是如何出现的在很大程度上仍是一个谜。本文主要介绍了研究人员通过一系列的实验，试图弄清楚语言是如何产生的。
1.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的After brief familiarisation with the set-up，the researchers sneakily turned off the sound and watched as the children found new ways of communicating that go beyond spoken languages.可知，研究人员是通过让孩子在完全没有声音的情况下进行交流来开展实验的。故选A项。
2.C细节理解题。根据第二段内容及第三段中的The children's task was to describe images with different themes in a co-ordination game.可知，孩子在实验中的任务是在不用口头语言的情况下向他人描述事物。故选C项。
3.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的First，people create reference to actions and objects through signs that resemble things. The precondition for this is the common ground of experience between interaction partners. Partners also co-ordinate by imitating each other so that they use the same signs for the same things. The signs thus gain interpersonal and eventually conventional meaning.可知，人们先用不同手势表达自己的意思，然后相互模仿，最后大家都使用固定手势表达特定的意思，从而形成语言。故选D项。
4.B主旨大意题。语言是如何出现的在很大程度上是一个谜。本文主要介绍了研究人员通过一系列的实验，试图弄清楚语言是如何产生的。故选B项。
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何改变久坐的坏习惯，并提供了一些帮助人们锻炼的建议。
1.G根据设空处上一句Many worry about the “right time” or “right age” to start working out.和设空处下一句可知，设空处应该讲任何时候开始锻炼都不晚，G项符合语境，G项中的they 指代前面的Many。故选G项。
2.C根据本段主旨句Master your mind.和空前Change your mindset and be more confident in improving your health.一句中的confident可知，此处是说要改变你的心态，并且要对改善你的健康更有信心。C项（让你的身体更加活跃，并告诉自己：我能做到）承接上文，符合语境。
3.E本段讲锻炼要分阶段进行，根据空前的Begin with just a few minutes of gentle exercises and stretches.可知，此处应接着说接下来要做的锻炼类型，E项（接下来去做一些不剧烈的活动，例如散步、慢跑或骑行）符合语境。Go next与Begin with呼应。
4.A根据空后的There's no quick access to getting fit.It's a common mistake to do too much too soon.可知，本段是建议不要让你的身体负担过重。故选A项。
5.F本段中的关键句为Cool down.，F项中的Cooling down与之呼应，此处是总结说放松下来会帮助你的身体恢复到运动前的水平。故选F项。
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】本文为一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在恶劣天气重创得克萨斯州时，房主理查森和康登给送货员蒂蒙斯提供了帮助的故事。在恶劣天气的衬托下，这一举动展现出人类善良的一面。
1.B根据副词particularly和下文对灾情的描述可知，得克萨斯州受到的打击尤其严重。前后内容形成对比，且突出了得克萨斯州的受灾情况严重，因此用while引导让步状语从句。
2.C根据下文描述的蒂蒙斯一天的具体安排可知，她把一天都安排得很“完美”。故选C项。
3.A根据上下文内容可知，蒂蒙斯是一名教师，同时也是一名送货员，此处指她打算早上完成全部送货任务，即要送完所有线路上的货物。run在此处作名词，意为“（送报人等的）递送路线”。故选A项。
4.A根据下文中的with chocolates and wine可知，她下午要放松一下，故选A项。
5.D根据下文中的the weather turned worse just as she reached her last delivery location，and her car broke down可知，天气更糟了，她的车抛锚了。如今的情况与上文中她原本对今日的规划相反。故此空应填表示转折的词，故选D项。
6.C根据上文中的her car broke down可知，她不可能开车回家了。故选C项。
7.A根据下文提示词inside可知，此处表示房主邀请她进去了。故选A项。
8.A根据下文to move into a hotel可知，蒂蒙斯主动提出了去旅馆住。offer to do sth意为“主动提出做某事”，故选A项。
9.B根据下文理查森和康登的提问及下文中的Then they said firmly，“No worries，stay a bit longer.”可知，他们通过提问“打消”了蒂蒙斯的念头。suggest意为“建议”；discourage意为“劝阻；阻止”；motivate意为“激励；激发”；threaten意为“威胁”。故选B项。
10.C根据上文可知，理查森和康登想要打消她去旅馆的念头，所以说客房比旅馆更好。故选C项。
11.A根据上文可知，理查森和康登在危难时刻帮助了蒂蒙斯这样一个完全陌生的人，蒂蒙斯此时应该是很“开心”。故选A项。
12.D由上文可知，蒂蒙斯获得了理查森和康登的帮助，所以在回家前向他们表示“感谢”。故选D项。
13.C由第三段中的Upon hearing her dilemma，the homeowners，Richardson and Condon，immediately Timmons inside.可知，蒂蒙斯给理查森和康登送货，所以她对他们来说完全是“陌生人”。故选C项。
14.A由上文内容可知，理查森和康登给蒂蒙斯提供了帮助，让她在家里躲避风暴，并和她“分享”食物。故选A项。
15.C由上文可知，恶劣天气重创得克萨斯州，但本文通过讲述理查森和康登给送货员蒂蒙斯提供了帮助的小故事，表明即使在恶劣天气下，人类也能展现出他们善良的一面。设空处所在的分句的主语it指代上文中的the violent weather。stand for意为“代表，表示；主张”；account for意为“解释；说明”；bring out意为“使（某种通常不易显露的行为或情感）显现”；relate to意为“涉及；谈到”。故选C项。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国成功发射了“嫦娥五号”。
1.after 句意为：中国成功开启了“嫦娥五号”探月任务，这项任务是以一个中国古代的月亮女神的名字命名的，目的是将月球土壤带回地球/最终将月球土壤带回了地球。此处是短语name..…after..，意为“以……命名……”。故填after。
2.to bring/bringing句意见上一题解析。根据句意，此处用不定式作目的状语，意思为“为了……”；也可用现在分词表示结果。故填to bring/bringing。
3.previously句意为：无人驾驶的“嫦娥五号”从月球上一个之前无人踏足的区域收集了多达1，731克的月球土壤。修饰形容词unvisited，应该用副词形式。故填 previously。
4.which句意为：展示了中国太空探索方法的优势之一的中国月球计划始于“嫦娥一号”绕月飞行器的发射。分析句子结构可知，displays one of the strengths of China's approach to space exploration是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Chinese moon programme，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
5.began句意见上一题解析。所填词是主句的谓语动词；此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时；begin是不规则变化动词，过去式为began。故填began。
6.has caught 句意为：中国在“太空竞赛”中姗姗来迟，但在过去几年里已经迎头赶上。时间状语 in the past few years常和现在完成时连用；设空处所在分句的主语是it，助动词应该用has；catch是不规则变化动词，过去分词为caught。故填has caught。
7.The句意为：带回的新样本填补了我们对月球如何发展的认识上的一个重大空白，并帮助中国确定其未来在其他行星上的任务是否可行。此处用定冠词the特指“新样本的带回”。故填The。
8.its句意见上一题解析。此处所填代词修饰名词短语 future missions，应该用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
9.run句意为：著名的“嫦娥五号”探月任务是中国政府实施的中国四阶段探月计划的一部分，是为未来（可能在2030年左右）将中国宇航员送上月球做准备。run和所修饰短语China's four-phase lunar exploration programme 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语；run是不规则变化动词，过去分词为run。故填run。
10.preparation 句意见上一题解析。在不定冠词a后应该是单数可数名词；prepare是动词，名词形式为preparation。故填preparation。
刷应用文写作
【写作提示】
1.材料导读：
通过阅读所给文章可知，文章讲述了本不小心打碎花瓶，并对妈妈说谎是猫打碎的，但是妈妈非常清楚地知道是本打碎了花瓶，她不打算责备和惩罚儿子，而是想出了另一个主意。睡觉前，妈妈把本叫去了书房。
2.续写思路；续写第一段开头为：妈妈说：“这块巧克力糖是对你的想象力的奖励——一只会开窗户的猫！”因此第一段可描写妈妈用奖励巧克力糖的方式引导本承认自己打碎了花瓶。
续写第二段开头为：现在手里拿着巧克力糖，这个男孩沮丧的态度消失了。因此第二段可描写本良心不安，无法继续说谎是猫打碎的花瓶，继而对妈妈坦白错误，当然第二段中应该描述经过妈妈教育，本知道了诚实的可贵。续写段落应呈现出妈妈温暖、幽默又严厉的教育。
续写线索：奖励——不安——羞愧——坦白——感悟——升华主题（温暖、幽默又严厉的教育）
3.提分词句：reward/praise for；with a bit embarrassment；There is not doubt that...句型；with的复合结构；when引导的时间状语从句；现在分词短语作状语等。
【参考范文】
The mother said, "This chocolate is a reward for your imagination: a window-opening cat!" Astonished as he was at her reward instead of harsh scold, Ben received it with a bit embarrassment, not daring to fix his eyes on his mother's. Then, the mother squeezed another chocolate in his hand as praise for his ability to skilfully restore the broken vase. "Now," the mother picked out a third chocolate and softly continued, "the last chocolate. I am so sorry, my little sweetheart. I shouldn't have laid a fragile vase at an inappropriate place, especially when there is a boy so absorbed in sports."
Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy's bad attitude disappeared. "But, Mum, I..."Ben awkwardly uttered nothing but some words. His mother silenced him by gently putting her finger on his lips, gave a soft kiss on his forehead and walked out of the study. From then on, the three chocolates rang the alarm in his heart every time he intended to lie, reminding him to be honest. There is no doubt that the wise teacher and mother mixed warm romantic humour into her careful and severe education.
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