人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration拓展阅读专项训练二（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration拓展阅读专项训练二（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-15 07:52:44 | ||
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Unit3 拓展阅读专项训练（二）
一、刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：环境与自然 词数：362 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[河北石家庄一中2021高二月考]Climate change poses a threat to the world's sandy beaches，and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100，a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognisable from what we see today，with 10%to 12%facing severe erosion（侵蚀）.
Using updated sea level rise predictions，the researchers analysed how beaches around the world would be in a future with higher sea levels and more damaging storms. They also considered natural processes like wave erosion，as well as human factors like coastal building developments，all of which can affect a beach's health. The study found that the sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors，and that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere，the worse the influences on the world's beaches are likely to be.
It's hard to overstate just how important the world's beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world's coastlines，and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines，supporting relaxation，tourism and other activities. And in some areas，the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia，life near the coast revolves around the beach for much of the year.
Some of the world's most popular beaches are already taking action. Places like Miami Beach are trucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up（修复）badly eroded shorelines，while others have built sea walls（海堤）and breakwaters（防波堤）in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge，and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms，supercharged by a warmer climate，will make this a losing battle.
However，the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the world's beaches.
If the world's governments are able to stick to modest cuts in heat-trapping gas pollution，the researchers found that 22%of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented，a number that will grow to 40%by 2100 if greenhouse gases are limited.
1.Which is the biggest contributor to severe beach erosion
A. Damaging storms.
B. Wave erosion.
C. Coastal building.
D. Sea level rises.
2.What can we infer from Paragraph3
A. It is hard to protect coastal beaches.
B. One third of storms take place near beaches.
C. Beaches are of great significance to our life.
D. Most Australians live on beach tourism.
3.What does the underlined word "this" refer to in Paragraph4
A. Popularising the beaches.
B. Holding sand in place.
C. Reducing the project costs.
D. Stopping global warming.
4.What is the best title for the text
A. Half Beaches Could Disappear by 2100
B. Climate Change Is Doing Harm to Our Life
C. The Beach Is More Than a Vacation Destination
D. Governments Are Taking Action to Fight Wave Erosion
二、刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事 词数：323 难度：中 建议用时：17分钟
[重庆2020高三调考·改编]Boyan Slat is 26.If you saw him walking down the street，you might think he was just a student at a local technical university.
And so he was，seven years ago，right before he 1 out of college.
Slat's life began to 2 after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16.Before taking a diving course，he had 3 to see beautiful sea animals. However，what he 4 saw in the ocean was an awful lot of plastic waste. From that moment on，Slat dived into a 5 to find a solution to this alarming problem. 6 by the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean，he 7 his company at the age of 18.The idea was named one of the best 8 of 2015 by Time magazine.
After five and a half years' hard work，he launched the world's first ocean plastic clean-up system: System 001.The U-shaped pipe，about 609 metres in 9 ，snakes its way out under the Golden Gate Bridge into the Pacific Ocean. These floating barriers will capture（捕获）plastic as the ocean water flows past. Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for 10 every few months. According to Slat, if all goes according to plan, only 60 systems could 11 the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 percent by 2025.
12 , there remains a problem: What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems It's likely that lots of the waste will 13 be recycled into more single-use plastic that ends up back in the 14 . That doesn't mean Slat will 15 ."Big problems require big solutions," he says. "If anyone has any better idea, I'd love to know."
1. A. ran B. dropped C. studied D. grew
2. A. change B. improve C. suffer D. worsen
3. A. failed B. managed C. started D. expected
4. A. suddenly B. probably C. actually D. rarely
5. A. project B. book C. lake D. river
6. A. Troubled B. Amused C. Frightened D. Struck
7. A. left B. founded C. sold D. introduced
8. A. inventions B. results C. wishes D. barriers
9. A. width B. length C. height D. depth
10. A. burning B. burying C. recycling D. testing
11. A. increase B. reduce C. keep D. limit
12. A. Besides B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise
13. A. eventually B. certainly C. rapidly D. carefully
14. A. ships B. mountains C. dustbins D. oceans
15. A. give back B. give in C. give out D. give up
答案解析
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。一项新研究显示：气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，到2100年可能有一半的沙滩将会消失。
1.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的The study found that the sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors可知，有很多因素会造成沙滩被侵蚀，其中海平面上升是导致沙滩严重侵蚀的首要因素。故选D项。
2.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的It's hard to overstate just how important the world's beaches are.They cover more than onethird of the world's coastlines，and protect coastal areas from storms.Beaches are also important economic engines，supporting relaxation，tourism and other activities.可知，世界上的海滩极其重要，它们覆盖了世界三分之一以上的海岸线，并保护着沿海地区免受风暴的侵袭。海滩也是重要的经济引擎，支持休闲、旅游和其他活动。故第三段强调了沙滩对人类生活非常重要。故选C项。
3.B词义猜测题。根据第四段中的 while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place.But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge，and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms，supercharged by a warmer climate，will make this a losing battle.可知，这些固沙项目的金融和环境成本巨大，且科学家说因气候变暖增压，上升的海洋和更强大的风暴将会使固沙项目成为失败的举措。由此可知this指的是Hold sand in place.。故选B项。
4.A主旨大意题。根据Climate change poses a threat to the world's sandy beaches，and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100，a new study has found.可知文章首句点明主题。一项新研究显示：气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，到2100年可能将有一半的沙滩消失。所以最佳标题是“到2100年，一半的沙滩可能会消失”。故选A项。
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个叫博扬·斯莱特的男孩，在16岁去希腊潜水时看到海里到处是塑料垃圾，决定专注于解决海洋塑料垃圾问题，并发明了世界上第一个海上塑料收集系统，这个系统定期将海里的塑料垃圾运上岸并进行回收。
1.B根据前文的And so he was，seven years ago可知，他没退学之前是一名大学生。drop out为固定短语，意为“退学，辍学”。故选B项。
2.A根据后文的From that moment on，Slat dived into a to find a solution to this alarming problem.可知，16岁时，他和家人去了希腊度假之后，他的生活就发生了改变，从那时起他开始潜心研究解决海洋塑料垃圾问题的方法。故选A项。
3.D根据本句中的Before taking a diving course可推知，他是带着能看到美丽的海洋生物的期待去上潜水课的。expect意为“期望”，符合语境。故选D项。
4.C根据句首的However可知，本句与前文应为转折关系，表示他实际看到的与他期望看到的事物不同。故选C项。
5.A根据后文的find a solution to this alarming problem可知，他想找到解决这个令人担忧的问题的办法，因此潜心研究这个项目。故选A项。
6.D根据后文的 the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean可知，他应是突然想到了用漂浮屏障来收集海洋中的塑料的主意。故选D项。
7.B根据后文的his company可知，他应是创立了自己的公司。故选B项。
8.A根据前文的the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean可知，漂浮屏障是一项发明。故选A项。
9.B根据前文的The U-shaped pipe可知，这是一个U型管，且后文动词snakes意为“（使）蜿蜒前进”，因此about 609 metres应是它的长度。故选B项。
10.C根据后文的It's likely that lots of the waste will be recycled into more single-use plastic that ends up back in the.可知，从海洋里收集的垃圾会被回收。故选C项。
11.B根据前文的These floating barriers will capture plastic as the ocean water flows past.Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land forevery few months.可知，海洋塑料清理系统是以“捕捞海洋中的塑料并将其运往岸上回收”为工作原理的，是在减少海洋中的塑料垃圾，因此在斯莱特看来，按计划，只用60个这样的系统就能够在2025年前减少海洋中多达50%的塑料垃圾。故选B项。
12.C根据后文的there remains a problem:What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems？可知，出现了“从这个系统带回岸上的塑料会怎么处理”的疑问，这与前文之间为转折关系。故选C项。
13.A根据空后的be recycled into more single-use plastic that ends up back in the可知，被回收的塑料垃圾最后会被做成更多一次性使用的塑料制品，最终会重新回到海洋。故选A项。
14.D根据前文中提及的back可知，这些塑料垃圾被回收做成一次性使用的塑料制品，最后还是会回到海洋中。故选D项。
15.D根据后文的“Big problems require big solutions，”he says.“If anyone has any better idea，I'd love to know.”（“重大的问题需要伟大的解决方案，”他说，“如果有人有更好的主意，我很想知道。”）可知，面对前文提及的问题，他并没有知难而退，即他没有放弃。故选D项。
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一、刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：环境与自然 词数：362 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[河北石家庄一中2021高二月考]Climate change poses a threat to the world's sandy beaches，and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100，a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognisable from what we see today，with 10%to 12%facing severe erosion（侵蚀）.
Using updated sea level rise predictions，the researchers analysed how beaches around the world would be in a future with higher sea levels and more damaging storms. They also considered natural processes like wave erosion，as well as human factors like coastal building developments，all of which can affect a beach's health. The study found that the sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors，and that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere，the worse the influences on the world's beaches are likely to be.
It's hard to overstate just how important the world's beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world's coastlines，and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines，supporting relaxation，tourism and other activities. And in some areas，the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia，life near the coast revolves around the beach for much of the year.
Some of the world's most popular beaches are already taking action. Places like Miami Beach are trucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up（修复）badly eroded shorelines，while others have built sea walls（海堤）and breakwaters（防波堤）in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge，and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms，supercharged by a warmer climate，will make this a losing battle.
However，the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the world's beaches.
If the world's governments are able to stick to modest cuts in heat-trapping gas pollution，the researchers found that 22%of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented，a number that will grow to 40%by 2100 if greenhouse gases are limited.
1.Which is the biggest contributor to severe beach erosion
A. Damaging storms.
B. Wave erosion.
C. Coastal building.
D. Sea level rises.
2.What can we infer from Paragraph3
A. It is hard to protect coastal beaches.
B. One third of storms take place near beaches.
C. Beaches are of great significance to our life.
D. Most Australians live on beach tourism.
3.What does the underlined word "this" refer to in Paragraph4
A. Popularising the beaches.
B. Holding sand in place.
C. Reducing the project costs.
D. Stopping global warming.
4.What is the best title for the text
A. Half Beaches Could Disappear by 2100
B. Climate Change Is Doing Harm to Our Life
C. The Beach Is More Than a Vacation Destination
D. Governments Are Taking Action to Fight Wave Erosion
二、刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事 词数：323 难度：中 建议用时：17分钟
[重庆2020高三调考·改编]Boyan Slat is 26.If you saw him walking down the street，you might think he was just a student at a local technical university.
And so he was，seven years ago，right before he 1 out of college.
Slat's life began to 2 after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16.Before taking a diving course，he had 3 to see beautiful sea animals. However，what he 4 saw in the ocean was an awful lot of plastic waste. From that moment on，Slat dived into a 5 to find a solution to this alarming problem. 6 by the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean，he 7 his company at the age of 18.The idea was named one of the best 8 of 2015 by Time magazine.
After five and a half years' hard work，he launched the world's first ocean plastic clean-up system: System 001.The U-shaped pipe，about 609 metres in 9 ，snakes its way out under the Golden Gate Bridge into the Pacific Ocean. These floating barriers will capture（捕获）plastic as the ocean water flows past. Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for 10 every few months. According to Slat, if all goes according to plan, only 60 systems could 11 the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 percent by 2025.
12 , there remains a problem: What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems It's likely that lots of the waste will 13 be recycled into more single-use plastic that ends up back in the 14 . That doesn't mean Slat will 15 ."Big problems require big solutions," he says. "If anyone has any better idea, I'd love to know."
1. A. ran B. dropped C. studied D. grew
2. A. change B. improve C. suffer D. worsen
3. A. failed B. managed C. started D. expected
4. A. suddenly B. probably C. actually D. rarely
5. A. project B. book C. lake D. river
6. A. Troubled B. Amused C. Frightened D. Struck
7. A. left B. founded C. sold D. introduced
8. A. inventions B. results C. wishes D. barriers
9. A. width B. length C. height D. depth
10. A. burning B. burying C. recycling D. testing
11. A. increase B. reduce C. keep D. limit
12. A. Besides B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise
13. A. eventually B. certainly C. rapidly D. carefully
14. A. ships B. mountains C. dustbins D. oceans
15. A. give back B. give in C. give out D. give up
答案解析
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。一项新研究显示：气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，到2100年可能有一半的沙滩将会消失。
1.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的The study found that the sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors可知，有很多因素会造成沙滩被侵蚀，其中海平面上升是导致沙滩严重侵蚀的首要因素。故选D项。
2.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的It's hard to overstate just how important the world's beaches are.They cover more than onethird of the world's coastlines，and protect coastal areas from storms.Beaches are also important economic engines，supporting relaxation，tourism and other activities.可知，世界上的海滩极其重要，它们覆盖了世界三分之一以上的海岸线，并保护着沿海地区免受风暴的侵袭。海滩也是重要的经济引擎，支持休闲、旅游和其他活动。故第三段强调了沙滩对人类生活非常重要。故选C项。
3.B词义猜测题。根据第四段中的 while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place.But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge，and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms，supercharged by a warmer climate，will make this a losing battle.可知，这些固沙项目的金融和环境成本巨大，且科学家说因气候变暖增压，上升的海洋和更强大的风暴将会使固沙项目成为失败的举措。由此可知this指的是Hold sand in place.。故选B项。
4.A主旨大意题。根据Climate change poses a threat to the world's sandy beaches，and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100，a new study has found.可知文章首句点明主题。一项新研究显示：气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，到2100年可能将有一半的沙滩消失。所以最佳标题是“到2100年，一半的沙滩可能会消失”。故选A项。
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个叫博扬·斯莱特的男孩，在16岁去希腊潜水时看到海里到处是塑料垃圾，决定专注于解决海洋塑料垃圾问题，并发明了世界上第一个海上塑料收集系统，这个系统定期将海里的塑料垃圾运上岸并进行回收。
1.B根据前文的And so he was，seven years ago可知，他没退学之前是一名大学生。drop out为固定短语，意为“退学，辍学”。故选B项。
2.A根据后文的From that moment on，Slat dived into a to find a solution to this alarming problem.可知，16岁时，他和家人去了希腊度假之后，他的生活就发生了改变，从那时起他开始潜心研究解决海洋塑料垃圾问题的方法。故选A项。
3.D根据本句中的Before taking a diving course可推知，他是带着能看到美丽的海洋生物的期待去上潜水课的。expect意为“期望”，符合语境。故选D项。
4.C根据句首的However可知，本句与前文应为转折关系，表示他实际看到的与他期望看到的事物不同。故选C项。
5.A根据后文的find a solution to this alarming problem可知，他想找到解决这个令人担忧的问题的办法，因此潜心研究这个项目。故选A项。
6.D根据后文的 the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean可知，他应是突然想到了用漂浮屏障来收集海洋中的塑料的主意。故选D项。
7.B根据后文的his company可知，他应是创立了自己的公司。故选B项。
8.A根据前文的the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean可知，漂浮屏障是一项发明。故选A项。
9.B根据前文的The U-shaped pipe可知，这是一个U型管，且后文动词snakes意为“（使）蜿蜒前进”，因此about 609 metres应是它的长度。故选B项。
10.C根据后文的It's likely that lots of the waste will be recycled into more single-use plastic that ends up back in the.可知，从海洋里收集的垃圾会被回收。故选C项。
11.B根据前文的These floating barriers will capture plastic as the ocean water flows past.Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land forevery few months.可知，海洋塑料清理系统是以“捕捞海洋中的塑料并将其运往岸上回收”为工作原理的，是在减少海洋中的塑料垃圾，因此在斯莱特看来，按计划，只用60个这样的系统就能够在2025年前减少海洋中多达50%的塑料垃圾。故选B项。
12.C根据后文的there remains a problem:What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems？可知，出现了“从这个系统带回岸上的塑料会怎么处理”的疑问，这与前文之间为转折关系。故选C项。
13.A根据空后的be recycled into more single-use plastic that ends up back in the可知，被回收的塑料垃圾最后会被做成更多一次性使用的塑料制品，最终会重新回到海洋。故选A项。
14.D根据前文中提及的back可知，这些塑料垃圾被回收做成一次性使用的塑料制品，最后还是会回到海洋中。故选D项。
15.D根据后文的“Big problems require big solutions，”he says.“If anyone has any better idea，I'd love to know.”（“重大的问题需要伟大的解决方案，”他说，“如果有人有更好的主意，我很想知道。”）可知，面对前文提及的问题，他并没有知难而退，即他没有放弃。故选D项。
6 / 6