人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 学案Unit4 Sharing易混易错点辨析学案（有答案）

【名师原创】：Unit4 易混易错点辨析
●adapt, adopt
【教材原句】
I’m still trying to adapt to these conditions. (教材P38)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法完全不同。
adapt 修改，改装；改编，改写（使适应新用途或新情况）, 常构成以下结构：
adapt sth. for sth. 改编/改装/修改使用于……
adapt oneself to sth. 使某人适应….
adapt sth. from sth. 从….改编某物, 被动结构为: sth. be adapted from….
adapt to…. 适应…..
adopt 采纳，采用，采取；接受，批准；收养, 领养
【例句呈现】
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
They have had to adapt themselves to a war economy.
他们不得不适应战时经济。
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。
Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
为将图书馆改作办公室而做了一些架子。
Many corporate methods have been adopted by American managers in imitation of Japanese practice.
美国的管理人员效仿日本人的做法，采用了很多经营公司的方法。
She was a wonderful mother to both her natural and adopted children.
她对亲生的和领养的孩子一样好。
The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting.
那家公司对店内行窃采取了严厉的措施。
If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental attitude.
如果你打算改变自己的境遇，就必须树立一种积极的心态。
【考点过关】
用adapt和adopt的适当形式填空
1. Pupils should be helped to ________ a positive approach to the environment.
2. Recently, the film _______ from a play of the same title.
3. She produced a TV series about _______ children.
4. So far, he _______ the play for the screen.
5. She was forced to have her baby _______.
6. Mary has tried to _______ to local customs.
7. All three teams _______ different approaches to the problem yesterday.
8. It is through our nervous system that we _______ ourselves to our environment.
9. Obviously, a more objective method of description must _______.
10. Although these vegetables _______ well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.
【参考答案】
1. adopt; 2. has been adapted; 3. adopted; 4. has adapted; 5. adopted; 6. adapt; 7. adopted; 8. adapt; 9. be adopted; 10. adapt
●doubt; suspect
【教材原句】
To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. (教材P39)
There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable memories. (教材P41)
【辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思，但是用法有一定区别。
①两者后面接名词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )、代词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )或名词性词组时可通用。
②两者后面接 that 从句，意思就截然不同。 这时，doubt如果用肯定结构，表示“不相信，怀疑不是那样”，如果用否定结构，则表示“不怀疑，确信”； 而suspect 表示“怀疑，怀疑其有”。
③ doubt 后面可以接 whether/if 引导的从句，而suspect不可以。
④ 两者构成的短语不同。doubt常构成：doubt of sth 疑惑某事；suspect 常构成以下两个结构：suspect sb./sth. to be…怀疑某人或某物是….； suspect sb of （doing） sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事。
⑤doubt作名词，表示“疑惑”，常构成结构：there is no/little doubt that….毫无疑问…
⑥ suspect 作名词是“犯罪嫌疑人”的意思。
【例句呈现】
I doubt/suspect the truth of her statement.
我对她那番话的真实性 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E6%80%A7&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )表示怀疑。　　
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him.
他说他能治好我的病 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )，但我仍对他不放心。　　
I doubt that he has stolen my watch.
我不相信他偷了我的手表。　　
I suspect that he has stolen my watch.
我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。　　
I doubt that she is the criminal.
我不相信她是罪犯。
I suspect that she is the criminal.
我怀疑她是罪犯。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.
医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。　　
I don't doubt that he is right.
我确信他是对的。　　
I didn't doubt that he would come.
我当时相信他会来的。　　
Why did she doubt that they were cheats？
她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？　　
I doubt whether/if he'll come.
我不敢肯定他来不来。　　
It's raining hard. I doubt whether it will be fine tomorrow.
雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。　　
She never doubted of his success.
她从不怀疑他的成功。　　
I suspected him to be the spy.
我认为他就是那个间谋。　　
What made you suspect her of having taken the money？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
【考点过关】
用suspect和doubt的适当形式填空。
1. There is no ______ that television has greatly changed people’s lives.
2. I think there is very little ______ that will happen.
3. Others _______ whether/if that would happen.
4. There is no _______ that computers are very useful in technology and business.
5. I _______ whether/if he will marry her.
6. There is no _______ that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
7. No one _______ his ability at that time.
8. The police _______ him of having a part in the jewel robbery yesterday.
9. No one directly involved with the case _______ him now.
10. The police have eliminated two ______ from their investigation.
11. A referendum showed beyond ______ that voters wanted independence.
12. He ________ that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin, and so she was.
13. The _______ is currently under control of Xiangtan police.
14. They ________ me of having a hand in the affair last year.
15. I think there is very little _______ that will happen.
【参考答案】
1. doubt; 2. doubt; 3. doubted; 4. doubt; 5. doubt; 6. doubt; 7. suspected; 8. suspected; 9. suspects; 10. suspects; 11. doubt; 12. suspected; 13. suspect; 14. suspected; 15. doubt
●participate in; attend; join; join in; take part in
【教材原句】
I love listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation. (教材P33)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。
join “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
join in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
温馨提示：join in用法相当于take part in或participate in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用join in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I've joined an aerobics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She joined the Communist Party three months ago.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children moved to join him in their new home...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He joined the Army five years ago.
他5年前参军了。
May I join in the discussion
我可以参加讨论吗
I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It's no use egging him on; he's made up his mind not to take part in the tournament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
More and more people are beginning to participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students to take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in 用法填空
1. They ______ college together at the University of Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Now and again he'd ______ when we were playing video games.
4. They _______ the sport that interests them most.
5. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will _____ protecting natural ecosystems.
6. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to _______ the lessons.
7. A teen might ______ a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important.
8. They all _______ the Trade Union last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. join in ; 4. join in/take part in/participate in; 5. join in/take part in/participate in; 6. join in/take part in/participate in; 7. join in/take part in/participate in; 8. joined
●what if…; so what
【教材原句】
Yeah, what if we have to clean out the smelly cages (教材P43)
And what if there are snakes (教材P43)
【辨析】
两者都有询问“要发生什么事儿怎么办”的意思, 常用在口语中
what if…. ① 用于提出建议，表示“如果…..怎么样？” ；② 用于询问将要发生什么，通常指不愉快或惊讶的事儿。往往位于句首。
so what 表示“下一步怎么办？，下一步会怎么样？”，常常放句尾。
【例句呈现】
What if no one talks to me
要是没人跟我说话怎么办？
What if he gets angry？I'm a little worried.
倘若他生气该怎么办？我有点儿担心。
What if we moved the sofa over there？Would that look better
要是我们把那沙发挪到那边会怎么样？看上去会不会好一些？
What if the family had simply left the cat behind
如果这家人只是把猫遗弃了怎么办？
What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field
要是你在这个领域工作十年之后，这种工作消失了怎么办？
What if it is true
如果这是真的又该如何呢？
What if he doesn't agree
如果他不同意该怎么办呢？
I have bought many materials, now what
我已经买了很多材料，接下来怎么办？
They have carried away those stones yesterday, now what
他们已经把这些石头运走了，下一步咋办？
He was very angry just now, now what
他方才很生气，下边该咋办？
【考点过关】
用what if…… 或 now what 填空
1. _______ it rains while we are swimming
2. _______he comes back now
3. _______ the boy's parents should die
4. She has invited the teacher to the party, ________
5. My mother has been retired, _________
6. The dam has been washed away, ________
【参考答案】
1. What if; 2. What if; 3. What if; 4. now what; 5. now what; 6. now what
●except for; apart from; except; except that; besides
【教材原句】
We talked together, we spent our leisure time together, and except for school and work, we were never apart. (教材P44)
【辨析】
这六个词都有“除了….”的意思，它们的意思和用法既有交集又有区别。
except for 常用于对整体进行肯定，对局部进行否定， 即先肯定，然后再指出个别不足之处。
apart from 在肯定句中表示“整体中除了具有相同特点的人或物外，还有别的人或物”，即包括在内，相当于besides; 在否定句中，表示从整体中除去具有不同特点的人或物，即排除在外，此时相当于but的用法, 有时也可与except换用。apart from后面出现动词时，要用动名词。
except 表示“排除同类事物（将整体去除一部分）”，即排除在外。后接名词、介词短语或动词原形。
but 与except意思相同，但but多与no, none, nothing, nobody, all, any, everyone, everything等不定代词连用。常出现在nothing but….; anything but…..; no….but…；all but….; 等否定结构中, 而且who but….也是常见结构。
except that 与except for意思相同，但后面必须接从句，有时可根据主句和从句的关系，使用wh-从句。
besides 表示“除了…之外还….”，包括其后排除的事物；另外还可用作副词， 表示“而且”。
【例句呈现】
Quite apart from/besides all the work, he had financial problems.
除了那么多工作，他还有财务困难。
Apart from keeping a brief interlude of peace, the war lasted nine years.
除了一段短暂的和平，那场战争持续了九年。
What other sports do you like apart from/besides football
除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
Nothing else matters to him apart from/but his job.
对他来说，除了工作以外，什么事都无关紧要。
I like all sports apart from/but football.
除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。
I've finished the crossword apart from/except 3 across and 10 down.
这份纵横字谜除横3竖10以外我都填完了。
Apart from/But my host, I didn't know a single person there
除了主人外，那里的人我一个也不认识。
The room was empty apart from one man seated beside the fire
除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。
We don't do much in the evenings except watch television.
我们在晚上除了看电视不怎么干别的事。
We work every day except/but Sunday.
我们除星期天外每天都工作。
They live in a remote area, inaccessible except by car.
他们住在一处偏远地区，只能开车去
Prisoners were allowed no personal possessions except letters and photographs.
囚犯除信件和照片外不允许有任何私人物品。
They all came except/but Matt.
除马特外他们都来了。
Everyone seems busy except/but us
除了我们，大家好像都很忙碌。
I had no choice but to sign the contract.
我别无选择，只好签了合同。
We've had nothing but trouble with this car.
我们这辆车净出毛病。
The problem is anything but easy.
这个问题一点也不简单。
Except for her illnesses, she had had a particularly happy childhood
除了体弱多病外，她的童年特别幸福。
Except for a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written.
除了几处语法错误之外，你这篇作文写得不错。
He's a good man, except for his short temper.
他是个好人，除了气粗些。
I know nothing about him except that he knocked about South Africa for a while.
我除了知道他在南非流浪过一段时间外对他一无所知。
I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money.
我什么都没告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
These two pens are alike except that they're different colors.
这两支笔样儿差不多，色儿不一样。
The log cabin stayed empty, except when we came.
除非我们到来，要不然那间小木屋一直都是空的。
I received nothing except what was due to me.
除了我应得的东西，我并未接受任何东西。
I understand everything except why he stole the money.
我什么都明白，只是不理解他为什么要偷那笔钱。
The snow, except where it drifted, was only calf-deep.
除了吹得堆积起来的地方，雪只有小腿肚深。
There are other visitors besides me.
参观人除我之外，还有另外的人。
Besides this, they also faced many difficulties.
除此之外,他们还面临了许多困难。
Besides all this, he had a number of little visits to pay, in the course of the day;
除此之外，在白天当中，他还需要去看望好些地方。
【考点过关】
用apart from, but, besides, except, except for, except that和besides填空
1. Many of the bodies were unidentifiable _______ by dental records.
2. They didn't have to do anything _______ sit back and enjoy life
3. Arrange all the vegetables ______ the potatoes in layers.
4. Who ______ Rosa could think of something like that
5. Europe will be represented in all _______ two of the seven races.
6. Your composition is good ______ some spelling mistakes.
7. The quality of this cloth is fine, ______ the color is not quite right.
8. This is a good novel, _______ the long and tedious ending.
9. Mr. Smith usually goes to work by bus _______ it rains.
10. I know nothing about the accident ______ I have read in the newspaper.
11. He told his parents everything _______ he needed so much money.
12. The old lady never spoke to anyone ______ someone came to visit her.
13. ______ chocolate and fruit juice, we also need bread and eggs.
14. Who ______ George would do such a thing
15. You can get the book anywhere ______ here.
16. ______ this dress, I also bought a hat and a pair of shoes。
17. ______ London, I’ve been to Manchester, Newcastle and Glasgow, too.
18. There is no one ______ me.
【参考答案】
1. except; 2. except; 3. except/but; 4. but; 5. except/but; 6. except for; 7. except that; 8. except for; 9. except when; 10. except what; 11. except why; 12. except when; 13. Besides; 14. but; 15. but; 16. Besides; 17. Besides; 18. but
●if any; if anything；if so; if ever; if ever
【教材原句】
Which, if any, of the causes do you have a personal connection with (教材P45)
【辨析】
四者都是表示假设的省略句式，是英语中常见的一种句型
if any 表示“如果有的话或即使有的话”，用来加强语气。
if anything表示“如果有什么的话”，作补充说明，类似于if any.
if so 表示“如果那样的话”，是对前面所述内容进行的肯定假设。
if ever 表示“如果曾经做过….即使曾经做过….”，是对做过事情的省略叙述。一般是现在完成时的省略。
if not 表示“如果不那样的话”，是对前面所述内容的一种否定假设。
【例句呈现】
Living together didn't harm our friendship. If anything it strengthened it
在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。
I didn't do it very well, but, if anything, he did it worse than I did.
我干得不太好，但其实他干得比我还糟。
If anything, Sloan's uneasiness deepened
如果说有什么不一样的话，那就是斯隆变得越来越不安了。
If anything, the information is overwhelming.
如果与之前有区别的话，我们能掌握的信息是巨大的。
There won't be much difficulty, if any.
就算有困难，也不会太大。
The object of these experiments was to find the connection, if any, between the two phenomena.
这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
It is too early to say what effect, if any, there will be on the workforce.
如果会对劳动力产生一些影响，现在就说是什么影响还言之过早。
Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少？
If so, you're not alone-I'm the same way.
如果这样，你也不是一个人在这么做，我也是这样的。
If so, he may not be the ideal match for you.
如果他是这样的人，那么他可能不是你的真命天子。
But if so, where did the river get rerouted
但是，如果真是这样，那河流被改道到哪里去了呢？
Do you have a knack for coming up with ideas If so, we would love to hear from you.
你有什么能想出好点子的诀窍吗？如果有，我们很愿意收到你的来信。
Rarely, if ever, does he sidestep a question
他极少逃避问题。
She seldom, if ever, goes to the opera.
她很少去看歌剧。
And that rarely, if ever, caused anything like the Scientific Revolution.
而这些事件的结果却很难，或根本不能，与科学革命同日而语
But I say the threat is now, and there are rarely, if ever, perfect circumstances in which to deploy military forces.
但是我想说，威胁就在眼前，但出动军事力量这种事几乎不存在什么完美的前提。
Many, if not most, scientific papers are presented orally at scientific meetings
许多科学论文，即便不是大多数，都是以口头形式在科学会议上发表的。
Are you pressed for time, Mr. Bayliss If not, I suggest we have lunch.
你时间紧吗，贝利斯先生？如果不紧，不如我们一起吃午饭吧。
【考点过关】
用if anything, if so, if any, if ever和if not填空
1. Mary is too only ready to help others, seldom, ______, refusing them when they turn to her.
2. What kind of advertisements do you read or watch in this kind of magazines, _______？
3. I might be away next week. _______, I won’t be able to see you.
4. Have you ever read this chapter ______, we encourage you to read this chapter carefully.
5. Are there any mistake in my article ______, Correct mistakes, please．
6. -- Have you ever been to the Great Wall
-- Perhaps not in my memory. ______, it might have been during my early childhood.
7. The weather forecast says there will be heavy rain tomorrow. ______, we’ll stay at home.
8. There are few, ______, mistakes in the book.
9. His children rarely, ______, see him at his place of work.
10. If it clears up this afternoon, we’ll go camping; ______ , we will have classes.
11. She seldom, ______ , goes to the cinema.
12. If the food tastes good, we’ll buy some; ______, not.
13. The island is seldom, ______, visited by ships.
14. ______, now would be a good time to expand its balance sheet.
15. _______, gender(性别) plays a very important role in the brain even though we are not clear exactly how.
16. _______, we want to show the code,
17. _______, swimming will appeal to her most strongly
【参考答案】
1. if ever; 2. if any; 3. If so; 4. If not; 5. if any; 6. If ever; 7. If so; 8. if any; 9. if ever; 10. if not; 11. if ever; 12. if not; 13. if ever; 14. If anything; 15. If anything; 16. If anything; 17. If anything
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