人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Launching Your Career拓展阅读专项训练（二）（含解析）
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Unit5 拓展阅读专项训练（二）
一、刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：333 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[全国乙2021]During an interview for one of my books，my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office，he said，"That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all，coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）.But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background，from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝），70 decibels，and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant；however，the participants in the 70 decibels group-those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small，this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant，the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence-may actually improve one's creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander，without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices？The problem may be that，in our offices，we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed，the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
2. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels.
D.85 decibels.
3. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
4. What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He's a news reporter.
B. He's an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
二、刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事 词数：238 难度：中 建议用时：15分钟
[山东青岛黄岛区2021高三期末考试]Jan Tchamani，an English teacher in Birmingham，UK，suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job. At age 50，she found herself 1 at home with only her computer to keep her company. After a while，she discovered that surfing the Internet could help her feel less 2.She could listen to music，watch films and 3 the world. She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get 4 and advice from others. She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the 5 that exists between people.
She was so 6 by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach 7 people how to use computers and the Internet. Many people have been 8 by the club. A 59-year-old man learnt how to 9 work online and found a great job. A 61-year-old woman living alone has started a small online company which has become quite 10.
Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about using the Internet to make society 11. She believes that it's important to 12 the digital divide and make sure that everyone has 13 to the Internet and knows how to use new 14.Her next goal is to start a charity 15 to raise money for children in poor countries.
1. A. happy B. stuck C. free D. working
2. A. lonely B. special C. healthy D. useful
3. A. change B. forget C. visit D. explore
4. A. money B. support C. trust D. honour
5. A. relationship B. power C. distance D. friendship
6. A. surprised B. forced C. inspired D. attracted
7. A. older B. disabled C. smart D. warm-hearted
8. A. touched B. helped C. praised D. organised
9. A. pay for B. struggle with C. look for D. engage in
10. A. successful B. complicated C. challenging D. ordinary
11. A. serious B. better C. peaceful D. easier
12. A. find B. improve C. break D. bridge
13. A. appeal B. target C. strategy D. access
14. A. technologies B. computers C. regulations D. entrances
15. A. website B. school C. party D. hospital
答案解析
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，工作环境背景音会对工作者的创造性思维产生影响，70分贝的环境对提高创造性思维能力最有益。
1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street-so I can focus.可知，这位采访者更喜欢公共办公空间是因为在这个环境中他能集中注意力。A项中的concentrate为focus的同义复现，故选A项。
2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的the participants in the 70 decibels group.…outperformed the other groups 以及第三段中的But since the results at 70 decibels were significant..…the right level of background noise..…may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.可知，在70分贝环境下进行创造性思维测试的参与者的表现情况明显优于其他组，即70分贝有利于提高一个人的创造性思维能力。故选C项。
3.D推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句The problem may be that，in our offices，we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others'conversations while we're trying to focus.可知，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己被别人的谈话所吸引，即我们在开放式办公室里容易受到干扰，由此可推知，持续不断的干扰使很多人不喜欢开放式办公室。故选D项。
4.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的During an interview for one of my books可推测，作者是一名出版作家。故选D项。A项中的news reporter意为“新闻记者”；B项中的office manager意为“办公室经理”；C项中的professional designer意为“专业设计师”。
【方法总结】如何推断作者的身份
在推断作者身份时，应把握好两个关键点：
（1）关注文章中含有第一人称Vmy的语句，作者常常在这些语句中介绍自己的情况或表达自己的观点意见，它们能够直接提示作者身份。如本文首句中的During an interview for one of my books提示作者有自己的书且接受了采访，由此可推知作者是一名出版作家。
（2）根据文章主题也能够初步推断出作者的身份，若某篇文章主要在介绍一项科研发明，作者就可能是科研人员。
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。简原来是一名英语老师，因为生病只能待在家里。她在上网时发现网络有很多好处，能够消除人与人之间的距离，还能帮助别人。所以她创建了一个IT俱乐部来教老年人上网和使用电脑，并利用互联网来让社会变得更好。
1.B句意为：在50岁的时候，她发现自己被困在家里，只有电脑陪伴她。根据suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job 和with only her computer to keep her company可知，此处是指她发现自己被困在家里。故选B项。
2.A句意为：过了一段时间，她发现上网可以让她感觉不那么孤独。根据 surfing the Internet could help her和She could listen to music，watch films可知，此处是指上网可以让她感觉不那么孤独，因为她可以做很多事情。故选A项。
3.D句意为：她可以听音乐、看电影和探索世界。根据上文surfing the Internet可知，此处是指通过网络探索世界。故选D项。
4.B句意为：她还加入了一个网上群组，在那里她可以谈论自己的问题，并从其他人那里得到支持和建议。根据 she could talk about her problems和and advice from others可知，对于自己的问题，她可以从其他人那里得到支持和建议。故选B项。
5.C句意为：她意识到互联网最大的好处之一是它能够消除人与人之间的距离。根据She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get...and advice from others.可知，互联网可以消除人与人之间的距离。故选C项。
6.C句意为：她在网上遇到的人给了她很大的启发，于是她决定创办一个IT俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。根据 she decided to start an IT club可知，此处是指她在网上遇到的人给了她很大的启发。故选C项。
7.A句意见上一题解析。根据下文A59-year-old man和A 61-year-old woman可知，此处是指她决定创办一个IT俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。故选A项。
8.B句意为：很多人都得到了俱乐部的帮助。根据下文found a great job和started a small online company可知，此处是指很多人都得到了俱乐部的帮助，有的人找到了工作，有的人创立了公司。故选B项。
9.C句意为：一位59岁的男子学会了如何在网上找工作，并找到了一份很棒的工作。pay for意为“为……付钱”；struggle with意为“与……斗争”；look for意为“寻找”；engage in意为“从事”。根据and found a great job可知，此处是指这名男子学会了如何在网上找工作。故选C项。
10.A句意为：一位61岁的独居女性开了一家小型网络公司，并相当成功。根据上文Many people have been...by the club.可知，这位女性也得到了帮助，并且她开的公司成功了。故选A项。
11.B句意为：简已经开始上网络课程，更多了解如何利用互联网使社会变得更好。根据下文Her next goal is to start a charity..…to raise money for children in poor countries.可知，此处是指利用互联网使社会变得更好。故选B项。
12.D句意为：她认为，弥合数字鸿沟，确保每个人都能上网以及知道如何使用新技术非常重要。根据 make sure that everyone has..…to the Internet可知，此处是指确保每个人都能上网，所以是弥合数字鸿沟。bridge在此处意为“弥合（差距），消除（分歧）”。故选D项。
13.D句意见上一题解析。根据上文teach..…people how to use computers and the Internet可知，此处是指确保每个人都能上网。have access to为固定搭配，意为“有使用……的机会”。 故选D项。
14.A句意见第12题解析。根据上文how to use computers and the Internet可知，此处是指像电脑、网络这样的新技术。故选A项。
15.A句意为：她的下一个目标是建立一个慈善网站，为贫穷国家的儿童筹集资金。根据本段第一句Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about using the Internet to make society...可知，此处是指通过互联网为贫穷国家的儿童筹集资金，使社会变得更好，所以是建立一个慈善网站。故选A项。
6 / 6
一、刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：333 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[全国乙2021]During an interview for one of my books，my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office，he said，"That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all，coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）.But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background，from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝），70 decibels，and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant；however，the participants in the 70 decibels group-those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small，this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant，the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence-may actually improve one's creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander，without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices？The problem may be that，in our offices，we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed，the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
2. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels.
D.85 decibels.
3. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
4. What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He's a news reporter.
B. He's an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
二、刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事 词数：238 难度：中 建议用时：15分钟
[山东青岛黄岛区2021高三期末考试]Jan Tchamani，an English teacher in Birmingham，UK，suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job. At age 50，she found herself 1 at home with only her computer to keep her company. After a while，she discovered that surfing the Internet could help her feel less 2.She could listen to music，watch films and 3 the world. She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get 4 and advice from others. She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the 5 that exists between people.
She was so 6 by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach 7 people how to use computers and the Internet. Many people have been 8 by the club. A 59-year-old man learnt how to 9 work online and found a great job. A 61-year-old woman living alone has started a small online company which has become quite 10.
Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about using the Internet to make society 11. She believes that it's important to 12 the digital divide and make sure that everyone has 13 to the Internet and knows how to use new 14.Her next goal is to start a charity 15 to raise money for children in poor countries.
1. A. happy B. stuck C. free D. working
2. A. lonely B. special C. healthy D. useful
3. A. change B. forget C. visit D. explore
4. A. money B. support C. trust D. honour
5. A. relationship B. power C. distance D. friendship
6. A. surprised B. forced C. inspired D. attracted
7. A. older B. disabled C. smart D. warm-hearted
8. A. touched B. helped C. praised D. organised
9. A. pay for B. struggle with C. look for D. engage in
10. A. successful B. complicated C. challenging D. ordinary
11. A. serious B. better C. peaceful D. easier
12. A. find B. improve C. break D. bridge
13. A. appeal B. target C. strategy D. access
14. A. technologies B. computers C. regulations D. entrances
15. A. website B. school C. party D. hospital
答案解析
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，工作环境背景音会对工作者的创造性思维产生影响，70分贝的环境对提高创造性思维能力最有益。
1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street-so I can focus.可知，这位采访者更喜欢公共办公空间是因为在这个环境中他能集中注意力。A项中的concentrate为focus的同义复现，故选A项。
2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的the participants in the 70 decibels group.…outperformed the other groups 以及第三段中的But since the results at 70 decibels were significant..…the right level of background noise..…may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.可知，在70分贝环境下进行创造性思维测试的参与者的表现情况明显优于其他组，即70分贝有利于提高一个人的创造性思维能力。故选C项。
3.D推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句The problem may be that，in our offices，we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others'conversations while we're trying to focus.可知，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己被别人的谈话所吸引，即我们在开放式办公室里容易受到干扰，由此可推知，持续不断的干扰使很多人不喜欢开放式办公室。故选D项。
4.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的During an interview for one of my books可推测，作者是一名出版作家。故选D项。A项中的news reporter意为“新闻记者”；B项中的office manager意为“办公室经理”；C项中的professional designer意为“专业设计师”。
【方法总结】如何推断作者的身份
在推断作者身份时，应把握好两个关键点：
（1）关注文章中含有第一人称Vmy的语句，作者常常在这些语句中介绍自己的情况或表达自己的观点意见，它们能够直接提示作者身份。如本文首句中的During an interview for one of my books提示作者有自己的书且接受了采访，由此可推知作者是一名出版作家。
（2）根据文章主题也能够初步推断出作者的身份，若某篇文章主要在介绍一项科研发明，作者就可能是科研人员。
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。简原来是一名英语老师，因为生病只能待在家里。她在上网时发现网络有很多好处，能够消除人与人之间的距离，还能帮助别人。所以她创建了一个IT俱乐部来教老年人上网和使用电脑，并利用互联网来让社会变得更好。
1.B句意为：在50岁的时候，她发现自己被困在家里，只有电脑陪伴她。根据suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job 和with only her computer to keep her company可知，此处是指她发现自己被困在家里。故选B项。
2.A句意为：过了一段时间，她发现上网可以让她感觉不那么孤独。根据 surfing the Internet could help her和She could listen to music，watch films可知，此处是指上网可以让她感觉不那么孤独，因为她可以做很多事情。故选A项。
3.D句意为：她可以听音乐、看电影和探索世界。根据上文surfing the Internet可知，此处是指通过网络探索世界。故选D项。
4.B句意为：她还加入了一个网上群组，在那里她可以谈论自己的问题，并从其他人那里得到支持和建议。根据 she could talk about her problems和and advice from others可知，对于自己的问题，她可以从其他人那里得到支持和建议。故选B项。
5.C句意为：她意识到互联网最大的好处之一是它能够消除人与人之间的距离。根据She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get...and advice from others.可知，互联网可以消除人与人之间的距离。故选C项。
6.C句意为：她在网上遇到的人给了她很大的启发，于是她决定创办一个IT俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。根据 she decided to start an IT club可知，此处是指她在网上遇到的人给了她很大的启发。故选C项。
7.A句意见上一题解析。根据下文A59-year-old man和A 61-year-old woman可知，此处是指她决定创办一个IT俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。故选A项。
8.B句意为：很多人都得到了俱乐部的帮助。根据下文found a great job和started a small online company可知，此处是指很多人都得到了俱乐部的帮助，有的人找到了工作，有的人创立了公司。故选B项。
9.C句意为：一位59岁的男子学会了如何在网上找工作，并找到了一份很棒的工作。pay for意为“为……付钱”；struggle with意为“与……斗争”；look for意为“寻找”；engage in意为“从事”。根据and found a great job可知，此处是指这名男子学会了如何在网上找工作。故选C项。
10.A句意为：一位61岁的独居女性开了一家小型网络公司，并相当成功。根据上文Many people have been...by the club.可知，这位女性也得到了帮助，并且她开的公司成功了。故选A项。
11.B句意为：简已经开始上网络课程，更多了解如何利用互联网使社会变得更好。根据下文Her next goal is to start a charity..…to raise money for children in poor countries.可知，此处是指利用互联网使社会变得更好。故选B项。
12.D句意为：她认为，弥合数字鸿沟，确保每个人都能上网以及知道如何使用新技术非常重要。根据 make sure that everyone has..…to the Internet可知，此处是指确保每个人都能上网，所以是弥合数字鸿沟。bridge在此处意为“弥合（差距），消除（分歧）”。故选D项。
13.D句意见上一题解析。根据上文teach..…people how to use computers and the Internet可知，此处是指确保每个人都能上网。have access to为固定搭配，意为“有使用……的机会”。 故选D项。
14.A句意见第12题解析。根据上文how to use computers and the Internet可知，此处是指像电脑、网络这样的新技术。故选A项。
15.A句意为：她的下一个目标是建立一个慈善网站，为贫穷国家的儿童筹集资金。根据本段第一句Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about using the Internet to make society...可知，此处是指通过互联网为贫穷国家的儿童筹集资金，使社会变得更好，所以是建立一个慈善网站。故选A项。
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