自然拼读字母字母组合发音密码15
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文档简介
English Alphabetic Code with the International Phonetic Alphabet
The English language has a fascinating history-but this has resulted in a complex alphabetic code for the writing system whereby the 26 letters of the alphabet
represent the 44 or so smallest sounds identifiable in English speech in three complicated ways:
1.
one sound (phoneme)can be represented by one,two,three or four letters:e.g.lal a in apple,Ifl ph in photograph,ligh/igh in night,loal ough in dough
2.one sound can be represented by multiple spelling alternatives(graphemes):e.g.loal:o,oa,ow,oe,o-e,eau,ough
3.one grapheme (letter or letter group)can represent multiple sounds:e.g.'ough':loal though,lorl thought,long lool through,loul plough,/u/thorough
On this Alphabetic Code Chart,the units of sound (phonemes or combined phonemes)are shown in slash marks.Vowel sounds are shown in red and consonant sounds
are shown in blue.The vowel sounds provide the main volume and depth in spoken words whereas the consonant sounds are generally much quieter and sometimes very
high-pitched such as /s/and /t/.Teachers need to teach the separate units of sounds carefully,avoiding the added 'schwa'or "uh"sound:e.g."sss"not "suh";"t"not "tuh".
units of sound
simple code
complex code
graphemes or spelling alternatives
IPA symbols
key words
key words
which are code for the sounds
information
lal
a
The Synthetic Phonics
lael
Teaching Principles
apple
lel
e
ea
ai
Teach the KNOWLEDGE of the
alphabetic code;that is,the
/e/
egg
head
said again
letter/s-sound correspondences.
W
Teach the THREE CORE SKILLS:
/
insect
cymbals
1.DECODING:Sound out and
lol
0艇
blend all-through-the-printed-word
wa
ua
for reading unknown words.
/o/
octopus
watch
qualify
salt
2.ENCODING:Orally segment
u
u
-0u
(identify)the sounds all-through-the-
IN
umbrella
son
touch落家
ough
spoken-word for spelling;then select
no thoroughfare
the correct graphemes AS CODE
lail
FOR the identified sounds in that
ai
ay
a
ae
particular word.
first aid
tray
table
sundae
cake
3.HANDWRITING:Hold the
lerl
ey
-ea
eigh
8学
-aigh
pencil with the tripod grip and form
correctly the 26 upper case and 26
prey
break
eight
straight】
lower case letters on writing lines.
Page 1 of 6
The English language has a fascinating history-but this has resulted in a complex alphabetic code for the writing system whereby the 26 letters of the alphabet
represent the 44 or so smallest sounds identifiable in English speech in three complicated ways:
1.
one sound (phoneme)can be represented by one,two,three or four letters:e.g.lal a in apple,Ifl ph in photograph,ligh/igh in night,loal ough in dough
2.one sound can be represented by multiple spelling alternatives(graphemes):e.g.loal:o,oa,ow,oe,o-e,eau,ough
3.one grapheme (letter or letter group)can represent multiple sounds:e.g.'ough':loal though,lorl thought,long lool through,loul plough,/u/thorough
On this Alphabetic Code Chart,the units of sound (phonemes or combined phonemes)are shown in slash marks.Vowel sounds are shown in red and consonant sounds
are shown in blue.The vowel sounds provide the main volume and depth in spoken words whereas the consonant sounds are generally much quieter and sometimes very
high-pitched such as /s/and /t/.Teachers need to teach the separate units of sounds carefully,avoiding the added 'schwa'or "uh"sound:e.g."sss"not "suh";"t"not "tuh".
units of sound
simple code
complex code
graphemes or spelling alternatives
IPA symbols
key words
key words
which are code for the sounds
information
lal
a
The Synthetic Phonics
lael
Teaching Principles
apple
lel
e
ea
ai
Teach the KNOWLEDGE of the
alphabetic code;that is,the
/e/
egg
head
said again
letter/s-sound correspondences.
W
Teach the THREE CORE SKILLS:
/
insect
cymbals
1.DECODING:Sound out and
lol
0艇
blend all-through-the-printed-word
wa
ua
for reading unknown words.
/o/
octopus
watch
qualify
salt
2.ENCODING:Orally segment
u
u
-0u
(identify)the sounds all-through-the-
IN
umbrella
son
touch落家
ough
spoken-word for spelling;then select
no thoroughfare
the correct graphemes AS CODE
lail
FOR the identified sounds in that
ai
ay
a
ae
particular word.
first aid
tray
table
sundae
cake
3.HANDWRITING:Hold the
lerl
ey
-ea
eigh
8学
-aigh
pencil with the tripod grip and form
correctly the 26 upper case and 26
prey
break
eight
straight】
lower case letters on writing lines.
Page 1 of 6