中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 3 Traditional skills
Grammar 语法学习—被动语态
1、 初中八大时态与语态
现在 过去
时态 谓语结构主动 谓语结构被动 时态 谓语结构主动 谓语结构被动
一般现在时
现在进行时
一般将来时
现在完成时
1) He cleans his bedroom every week.
2) He cleaned his bedroom yesterday.
3) He is cleaning his bedroom now.
4) He will clean his bedroom tomorrow.
5) He has already cleaned his bedroom.
二、被动语态的结构：
1.一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ are +动词的过去分词
2.一般过去时的被动语态： was /were +动词的过去分词
3.一般将来时的被动语态： will / be going to be +动词的过去分词
4.现在进行时的被动语态： am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词
5.现在完成时的被动语态： have /has +been +动词的过去分词
6.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词
二、被动语态的基本用法:
(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时
English is widely spoken in the world now.
(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时
Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .
(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时
It is said that she was a beautiful girl when she was young .
三、特殊情况的被动语态：
1.带双宾语的被动语态：
动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)
口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。
1).give / pass / show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .
2).buy / make / cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb
He gave me a book
I ______ _________ a book by him. A book ____ ________ _____ me by him .
My mother made me a cake .
I ____ ________ a cake by my mother A cake ____ _____ ____ me by my mother .
2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .
常见省略to的不定式动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch
make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth
The boss made the workers work all day
The workers ______ ________ ____ work all day by the boss.
I often see the boy read English in the morning.
The boy _______ ________ _______ _________ English in the morning by me.
3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。
I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ ________ _____ by me just now .
4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
We should take care of the old . The old should ______ ________ _____ _____ .
5. 感官动词__________________________________________, 主动表被动
6. 以下动词没有被动：_______________________________________________________
语法练习
一、单项选择。
1.The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ____ before the rainy season comes. (2019，安徽卷）
A. is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed
【答案】C
【解析】句意：村民们希望在雨季到来之前完成这座桥的建设。is completed是一般现在时的被动语态，被完成；was completed一般过去时的被动语态；will be completed一般将来时的被动语态；has been completed现在完成时的被动语态。根据句中before the rainy season comes可知，桥还没有建设完，应用一般将来时。主语the building of the bridge与动词complete构成被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，故应选C。
2.It's reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo __________ from 100% recycled material. （2019，江苏连云港卷）
A. are making B. have made C. is made D. will be made
【答案】D
【解析】句意“据说2020年东京奥运会的奖牌百分之百是由可循环利用的材料制成”。A.现在进行时；B.现在完成时；C.一般现在时的被动语态；D.一般将来时的被动语态。主语the medal与谓语make之间为被动be done，排除A和B；且根据the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo可知，用一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。
3.Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she ______ about the importance of good living habits once more. （2019，江西卷）
A. told B. is told C. was told D. has told
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Gina昨天去看医生了，她再次被告诉好的生活习惯的重要性。根据told 一般过去时态的结构，is told一般现在时态的被动语态， was told一般过去时态的被动语态， has told现在完成时态的结构；根据she和tell之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，排除A/D；根据yesterday可知是过去时态；故选C。
注意：被动语态的各个时态。1）一般现在时态的 am /is are+done，例如：I am asked to study hard by my mother. 2）一般过去时态的 were/was+done,例如：A new shop was built last year. 3) 现在完成时态的 have/has been+done 例如：This book has been translated into Chiese. 4) 一般将来时态的 will be+ done, 例如：Many trees will be planted next year. 5)现在进行时态的 am/is/are+being+done， 例如：My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
4.—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike!（湖北黄冈2019）
—Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it.
A. didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned
【答案】D
【解析】句意：— —哦，你的房间太脏了，迈克！ — —对不起，妈妈。昨天没有打扫。我忘了做。A为一般过去时，主动语态；B为一般现在时的被动句；C为一般过去时的被动句；D为一般过去时的被动句。根据yesterday.可知，本题的时态为一般过去时，因此排除B；再根据I forgot to do it. 我忘了做。说明没有打扫房间，因此排除C；句中的主语It是代指上文的your room，your room做主语，应该用被动语态，选项A为主动语态，排除，故选D。
5.My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.（2019北京市）
A. accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的关于怎样节省纸的建议上周一被我的班级接受了。accepts接受，第三人称单数形式；accepted过去式；was accepted一般过去时的被动语态；is accepted一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句的主语My advice与动词accept构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故先排除A和B；根据句中的时间状语last Monday可知，应用一般过去时，故选C。
6. This English song _________ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
【答案】D
【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态的结构为be动词+动词过去分词，歌是被唱的，故选D。
7. A new house _________ at the corner of the road next year.
A. is building B. will be built C. been built D. be building
【答案】B
【解析】考查一般将来时的被动结构，will be+动词过去分词。房子是被建造的，故选B。
8. I _________ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. was given D. have given
【答案】C
【解析】考查被动语态的结构为be动词+动词过去分词，故选C。
9. You _________ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. are looked B. were looked C. look D. look at
【答案】C
【解析】考查系动词，look表示看起来。本句是主动语态，故选C。
10. Look, the young trees ______ by some old people.
A. are planting B. are planted C. are been plant D. are being planted
【答案】D
【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。Be +being +动词过去分词。故选D。
二 下列句子都是主动句，请先画出每个句子的主语与宾语，然后把主动句改为被动句。
1. The students clean the classroom every day.
【答案】The students clean the classroom every day.
The classroom is cleaned (by the students) every day.
2. I keep a dog in my family.
【答案】 I keep a dog in my family.
A dog is kept（by me）in my family.
3. Lucy drew some pictures last night.
【答案】Lucy drew some pictures last night.
Some picture were drawn (by Lucy) last night.
4. The girl studies German.
【答案】The girl studies German.
German is studied (by the girl)
四 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. Many stories ________________________ (write) by the writer last year.
【答案】were written
【解析】 主语是动作的承受者，故用用一般过去时的被动语态。
2. Yesterday we _______________________ (play) football after school.
【答案】played
【解析】 主语是动作play的执行者。故用主动语态，一般过去时态。
3. A young man often _________________ (ask) me some difficult questions.
【答案】asks
【解析】 主语A young man是动作ask 的执行者。故用一般现在时的主动语态。
4. A wonderful party _______________________ (give) to him next week.
【答案】will be given
【解析】 主语A wonderful party是动作give 的承受着。故用一般将来时的被动语态。
5. Mother ___________________ (tell) me a story every night.
【答案】tells
【解析】 主语是动作tell 的执行者。用主动语态。
6. Rice _____________________(plant) in China.
【答案】is planted
【解析】 主语rice 是动作plant的承受着。用一般现在时的被动语态。
7. Tom ___________________(use) computer every Saturday.
【答案】uses
【解析】主语Tom是动作的执行者。用主动语态。
8. Maths ____________________(teach) by Mr. Chen in our class.
【答案】is taught
【解析】 主语是动作的承受着故用被动语态。
9. English ____________________(speak) all over the world.
【答案】is spoken
【解析】主语是动作的承受着故用被动语态。
10. The film ____________________ (show) last night..
【答案】was showed/shown
【解析】 主语The film是动作的承受着故用被动语态。一般过去式。
11. I ___________________ (see) a wonderful film last night..
【答案】
【解析】主语I是动作see的执行者。用主动语态 。一般过去时。
12. The letters ____________________ (write) by him last night.
【答案】were written
【解析】主语The letters是动作的承受着故用被动语态。一般过去式
三、完成句子。
1. 为了进一步美化校园，下个月会在学校种很多树。
Next month many trees _________ __________ __________ in our school to make it more beautiful.
【答案】will be planted
2. 在中国，到处都有人打羽毛球。
In China, badminton ____________ ___________ everywhere.
【答案】is played
3. 下一周，格林先生将被邀请做一个有关语言学习的讲座。
Mr. Green _________ __________ __________ to give a speech on language learning next week.
【答案】will be invited
4. 这种自行车是在上海生产的。
This kind of bike _____________ ___________ in Shanghai.
【答案】is produced/made
5. 明天，网上书店会给你送书。
The books from the Internet shop _________ ________ _________ _________ you tomorrow.
【答案】will be sent
6. 地震发生后，许多药物和医生被送到了雅安。
After the earthquake, a lot of medicine and doctors ___________ __________ to Ya’an.
【答案】were sent
7. 所有的信件都必须放在这个绿色纸箱内。
All the letters ___________ __________ ___________ in this green paper box.
【答案】must be put
8. 2021年前，广州要建三个新的主题公园。
Three new theme parks __________ ____________ ___________ in Guangzhou before 2015.
【答案】will be built
9. 学校运动会将在下周四上午举行。
The school sports meeting ___________ __________ ____________ next Thursday morning.
【答案】will be held
四、语法选择。
A
The shadow puppet play is an ancient way of storytelling which has a long history in China. It is 1 thought as an ancient art of China.
The shadow puppet play has become quite popular____2____the Song Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty there____3___40 to 50 shadow puppet show group in the city of Beijing. In__4___13th century, the shadow puppet show became a kind of activity in the army. Then it 5 to other Asian countries. Later, it was introduced to countries in Europe.
Characters used in the play look pretty and lively. And making them____6___ high skills. The skin（毛皮）of the bulls is used for shadow puppet plays. People first clean and take the fat （油脂）away to make the skin as
7 as possible. Then they draw the pictures 8 it and cut it out . After that they put it in the water __9___ colour and take it out to make it dry. It is the most difficult and important step . At last, the skin is tied on sticks together for the play. Excellent makers can make the characters 10 many things. By controlling the sticks, the character can___11____to walk, dance, fight, nod, laugh and so on. The colours are usually red, green, black and yellow so that 12 can last for a long time.
The shadow puppet play is usually used to tell stories about wars traditional fairy tale（神话故事） or __13__ strange or interesting. People often watched shadow puppet plays for entertainment （娱乐） in the past. But now it can only be seen in _ 14__places. The shadow puppet play is a historical heritage of China, 15 we should protect and develop it.
1. A. too B. also C. neither D. either
2. A. across B. towards C. since D. except
3. A. are B. were C. was D. is
4. A. a B. an C. the D./
5. A. is spreading B. spreading C. spreads D. was spread
6. A. require B. requires C. required D. was required
7. A. thinner B. thinnest C. thinly D. thin
8. A. for B. at C. on D.by
9. A. add B adds C. added D. to add
10. A. do B. to do C. doing D. to be done
11. A. make B. making C. be made D. made
12. A. it B. its C. they D. their
13. A. anything B. nothing C. everything D. something
14. A. lots B. much C. little D. few
15. A. so B. because C. but D. although
【答案】BCBCD BDCDA CCDDA
B
Canton Porcelain (广彩) has a history of more than 300 years, dating back to the Qing Dynasty (1636-1911). Canton Porcelain became popular around the world 1 its beautiful colors.
Xu Enfu is known as a Canton Porcelain master. Xu Junru, his daughter, showed 2 great love for it when she was a little girl. She enjoyed staying with her father while he 3 the porcelain painting. They think it's necessary 4 them to add modern patterns into their pieces. They mix modern techniques 5 a traditional feel. Cartoon patterns, such as Hello Kitty and Doraemon 6 on the plates. This idea wins children's hearts. Their works are so wonderful 7 they attract many foreigners. They decide 8 this traditional skill to people around the world.
A group of foreigners 9 to join this Canton Porcelain workshop held by GD Today. They were 10 to experience how to make Canton Porcelain.
Mansha said, “It is my first time to paint on a plate or porcelain. It's difficult for me to do the black line." Foreigners had about just one hour to finish 11 patterns and colors for their own plates. Oxana challenged herself to paint the Canton Tower on 12 own to remember her time in Guangzhou. Simon painted a Chinese character 13 on the plate. It was a good idea that he made this plate for his grandma in U.K..
14 you are interested in it, you can attend the training class on making Canton Porcelain. It is really good for you 15 it to your family and friends as a gift!
1．A．because of B．because C．so D．as
2．A．the B．an C．/ D．a
3．A．makes B．making C．made D．was making
4．A．with B．of C．for D．on
5．A．into B．with C．up D．in
6．A．can be painted B．can paint C．was painted D．painted
7．A．as B．until C．till D．that
8．A．introduced B．introducing C．to introduce D．introduce
9．A．invited B．were invited C．are invited D．invite
10．A．luckily enough B．luck enough C．lucky enough D．enough luck
11．A．design B．designing C．to design D．designed
12．A．she B．he C．his D．her
13．A．success B．successful C．successfully D．succeed
14．A．If B．As C．Unless D．While
15．A．to send B．send C．sending D．sent
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．A
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Unit 3 Traditional skills
Grammar 语法学习—被动语态
1、 初中八大时态与语态
现在 过去
时态 谓语结构主动 谓语结构被动 时态 谓语结构主动 谓语结构被动
一般现在时
现在进行时
一般将来时
现在完成时
1) He cleans his bedroom every week.
2) He cleaned his bedroom yesterday.
3) He is cleaning his bedroom now.
4) He will clean his bedroom tomorrow.
5) He has already cleaned his bedroom.
二、被动语态的结构：
1.一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ are +动词的过去分词
2.一般过去时的被动语态： was /were +动词的过去分词
3.一般将来时的被动语态： will / be going to be +动词的过去分词
4.现在进行时的被动语态： am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词
5.现在完成时的被动语态： have /has +been +动词的过去分词
6.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词
二、被动语态的基本用法:
(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时
English is widely spoken in the world now.
(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时
Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .
(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时
It is said that she was a beautiful girl when she was young .
三、特殊情况的被动语态：
1.带双宾语的被动语态：
动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)
口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。
1).give / pass / show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .
2).buy / make / cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb
He gave me a book
I ______ _________ a book by him. A book ____ ________ _____ me by him .
My mother made me a cake .
I ____ ________ a cake by my mother A cake ____ _____ ____ me by my mother .
2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .
常见省略to的不定式动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch
make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth
The boss made the workers work all day
The workers ______ ________ ____ work all day by the boss.
I often see the boy read English in the morning.
The boy _______ ________ _______ _________ English in the morning by me.
3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。
I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ ________ _____ by me just now .
4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
We should take care of the old . The old should ______ ________ _____ _____ .
5. 感官动词__________________________________________, 主动表被动
6. 以下动词没有被动：_______________________________________________________
语法练习
一、单项选择。
1.The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ____ before the rainy season comes.
A. is completed B. was completed
C. will be completed D. has been completed
2.It's reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo __________ from 100% recycled material.
A. are making B. have made
C. is made D. will be made
3.Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she ______ about the importance of good living habits once more.
A. told B. is told
C. was told D. has told
4.—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike!
—Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it.
A. didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned
B. C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned
5.My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.
A. accepts B. accepted
C. was accepted D. is accepted
6. This English song _________ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
7. A new house _________ at the corner of the road next year.
A. is building B. will be built C. been built D. be building
8. I _________ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. was given D. have given
9. You _________ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. are looked B. were looked C. look D. look at
10. Look, the young trees ______ by some old people.
A. are planting B. are planted
C. are been plant D. are being planted
二 下列句子都是主动句，请先画出每个句子的主语与宾语，然后把主动句改为被动句。
1. The students clean the classroom every day.
2. I keep a dog in my family.
3. Lucy drew some pictures last night.
4. The girl studies German.
四 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. Many stories ________________________ (write) by the writer last year.
2. Yesterday we _______________________ (play) football after school.
3. A young man often _________________ (ask) me some difficult questions.
4. A wonderful party _______________________ (give) to him next week.
5. Mother ___________________ (tell) me a story every night.
6. Rice _____________________(plant) in China.
7. Tom ___________________(use) computer every Saturday.
8. Maths ____________________(teach) by Mr. Chen in our class.
9. English ____________________(speak) all over the world.
10. The film ____________________ (show) last night..
11. I ___________________ (see) a wonderful film last night..
12. The letters ____________________ (write) by him last night.
三、完成句子。
1. 为了进一步美化校园，下个月会在学校种很多树。
Next month many trees _________ __________ __________ in our school to make it more beautiful.
2. 在中国，到处都有人打羽毛球。
In China, badminton ____________ ___________ everywhere.
3. 下一周，格林先生将被邀请做一个有关语言学习的讲座。
Mr. Green _________ __________ __________ to give a speech on language learning next week.
4. 这种自行车是在上海生产的。
This kind of bike _____________ ___________ in Shanghai.
5. 明天，网上书店会给你送书。
The books from the Internet shop _________ ________ _________ _________ you tomorrow.
6. 地震发生后，许多药物和医生被送到了雅安。
After the earthquake, a lot of medicine and doctors ___________ __________ to Ya’an.
7. 所有的信件都必须放在这个绿色纸箱内。
All the letters ___________ __________ ___________ in this green paper box.
8. 2021年前，广州要建三个新的主题公园。
Three new theme parks __________ ____________ ___________ in Guangzhou before 2015.
9. 学校运动会将在下周四上午举行。
The school sports meeting ___________ __________ ____________ next Thursday morning.
四、语法选择。
A
The shadow puppet play is an ancient way of storytelling which has a long history in China. It is 1 thought as an ancient art of China.
The shadow puppet play has become quite popular____2____the Song Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty there____3___40 to 50 shadow puppet show group in the city of Beijing. In__4___13th century, the shadow puppet show became a kind of activity in the army. Then it 5 to other Asian countries. Later, it was introduced to countries in Europe.
Characters used in the play look pretty and lively. And making them____6___ high skills. The skin（毛皮）of the bulls is used for shadow puppet plays. People first clean and take the fat （油脂）away to make the skin as
7 as possible. Then they draw the pictures 8 it and cut it out . After that they put it in the water __9___ colour and take it out to make it dry. It is the most difficult and important step . At last, the skin is tied on sticks together for the play. Excellent makers can make the characters 10 many things. By controlling the sticks, the character can___11____to walk, dance, fight, nod, laugh and so on. The colours are usually red, green, black and yellow so that 12 can last for a long time.
The shadow puppet play is usually used to tell stories about wars traditional fairy tale（神话故事） or __13__ strange or interesting. People often watched shadow puppet plays for entertainment （娱乐） in the past. But now it can only be seen in _ 14__places. The shadow puppet play is a historical heritage of China, 15 we should protect and develop it.
1. A. too B. also C. neither D. either
2. A. across B. towards C. since D. except
3. A. are B. were C. was D. is
4. A. a B. an C. the D./
5. A. is spreading B. spreading C. spreads D. was spread
6. A. require B. requires C. required D. was required
7. A. thinner B. thinnest C. thinly D. thin
8. A. for B. at C. on D.by
9. A. add B adds C. added D. to add
10. A. do B. to do C. doing D. to be done
11. A. make B. making C. be made D. made
12. A. it B. its C. they D. their
13. A. anything B. nothing C. everything D. something
14. A. lots B. much C. little D. few
15. A. so B. because C. but D. although
B
Canton Porcelain (广彩) has a history of more than 300 years, dating back to the Qing Dynasty (1636-1911). Canton Porcelain became popular around the world 1 its beautiful colors.
Xu Enfu is known as a Canton Porcelain master. Xu Junru, his daughter, showed 2 great love for it when she was a little girl. She enjoyed staying with her father while he 3 the porcelain painting. They think it's necessary 4 them to add modern patterns into their pieces. They mix modern techniques 5 a traditional feel. Cartoon patterns, such as Hello Kitty and Doraemon 6 on the plates. This idea wins children's hearts. Their works are so wonderful 7 they attract many foreigners. They decide 8 this traditional skill to people around the world.
A group of foreigners 9 to join this Canton Porcelain workshop held by GD Today. They were 10 to experience how to make Canton Porcelain.
Mansha said, “It is my first time to paint on a plate or porcelain. It's difficult for me to do the black line." Foreigners had about just one hour to finish 11 patterns and colors for their own plates. Oxana challenged herself to paint the Canton Tower on 12 own to remember her time in Guangzhou. Simon painted a Chinese character 13 on the plate. It was a good idea that he made this plate for his grandma in U.K..
14 you are interested in it, you can attend the training class on making Canton Porcelain. It is really good for you 15 it to your family and friends as a gift!
1．A．because of B．because C．so D．as
2．A．the B．an C．/ D．a
3．A．makes B．making C．made D．was making
4．A．with B．of C．for D．on
5．A．into B．with C．up D．in
6．A．can be painted B．can paint C．was painted D．painted
7．A．as B．until C．till D．that
8．A．introduced B．introducing C．to introduce D．introduce
9．A．invited B．were invited C．are invited D．invite
10．A．luckily enough B．luck enough C．lucky enough D．enough luck
11．A．design B．designing C．to design D．designed
12．A．she B．he C．his D．her
13．A．success B．successful C．successfully D．succeed
14．A．If B．As C．Unless D．While
15．A．to send B．send C．sending D．sent
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