北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册 学案Unit1 1 Relationships单元考点突破学案（有答案）

名师原创：Unit1 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. add vt. 增添; 增加；vi & vt (使) 相加；vt补充说
【原句再现】
The only thing I can remember from school math is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! (教材P8)
【词块积累】
add up把…加起来; 合计
add to增加
add up to合计达;结果是
add weight to sth.为某事物增加影响力/说服力
addition n. 加法；增加
in addition 除此之外；另外
in addition to＝besides＝apart/aside from/as well as… 除……之外，还……
additional adj. 附加的;另外的; 追加的
【精品例句】
The sign "+ "stands for addition.
符号“十”代表加法
The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely
available.
该公司提供廉价的互联网接入服务。此外，它还免费提供共享软件
If the tea is too strong, add some more water.
茶若太浓，就再加些水
Add 7 and 5 (together) to make 12.
7加5等于12。
"And don't be late," she added.
“别迟到了,” 她补充道
The President agreed, adding that he hoped for a peaceful solution.
总统表示赞同，补充说他希望和平解决方法
Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.
各种颜色的伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。
Add up your score and see how many points you get.
把你的分数加起来，看看你得多少分
His debts added up to $5,000.
他的欠债合计达到5000美元
【高考链接】
___ the school, the village has a clinic which was also built with government support. (天津卷)
A. In reply to B. In addition to C. In charge of D. In place of (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In addition to __________ (read) for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. (reading)
Rude words, name-calling, and accusations only add fuel ______ the emotional fire. (to)
Remember: little steps add up _____ big dreams. (to)
The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added ____ the helplessness of the crew at sea. (to)
2. seem vi. 好像; 似乎
【原句再现】
He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language. (教材P8)
【词块积累】
seem (to be /like)+n
seem (to be) +adj.
seem to do sth.
it seems t as if/though从句
it seems (to sb) + that从句
【精品例句】
The theory without practice seems to be the cars without motors.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车
She seemed (to be) very interested.
她似乎很感兴趣
温馨提示：it seem as if/though引导的从句中常使用虚拟语气
It seems as if they didn't care about Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受
It seemed that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎
It seems to me that working experience is more important than a degree.
在我看来，工作经验比学历更重要
There seems to be some disagreement between his words and actions.
他的言行似乎不一致
温馨提示：seem后既可以接从句又可以接不定式，通常可以相互转换
It seems that he isn't happy = He doesn’t seem to be happy.
他看起来不高兴
【高考链接】
Everyone in the picture seems to ________ (put) on some weight, don't they (上海卷) (have put)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It seemed ______ a good idea. (like)
3. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起
【原句再现】
I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket, and then another student lit a match to set it off. (教材P8)
【词块积累】
set out (to do...)　动身；起程；开始做
set about (doing...) 着手做
set out出发；启程；(怀着目标) 开始工作
set aside 留出；对……置之不理
set down 写下；记下
set up 建立；创立；安排
【精品例句】
He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them.
他被要求根据记忆把事实写下来。
A visitor arrived just as we were setting out for the airport.
我们正要前往机场时来了一位客人。
He will set out on a journey early in the next morning.
他明天一早就动身。
We set out to find the truth behind the mystery.
我们开始着手揭开谜团背后的真相。
He set out to follow his artistic inclinations.
他开始追求自己的艺术爱好。
He has achieved what he set out to do three years ago.
他已经完成了3年前开始努力做的事情。
【高考链接】
The moment she arrived home, she set about ____ (clean) the house. (天津卷) (cleaning
I'll set _________ early to avoid the traffic jams.（全国卷）(off/out)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I set off/out _____ the company earlier in order to avoid the heavy traffic. (for)
They want to set ______ their own company. (up)
She sets _______ a bit of money every month. (aside)
4. prepare vt& vi (作)准备；(把…)准备好；(使)做好准备
【原句再现】
Often when I’m preparing a program, I think about how Mr. Jenkins would have done it. (教材P8)
【词块积累】
prepare one's lessons准备功课
prepare for sth 为…做准备
prepare to do sth 准备做某事
prepare (sb/sth) for sth. 使….为…做好准备
prepared adj. 准备好的；有所准备的
be get prepared for….为….做好准备
be / get prepared to do sth. 准备好做…..
preparation n准备；预备；[常用复数]准备工作
in preparation for为…..做准备
make preparations for… 为….作准备
【精品例句】
I've got to prepare for the chemistry test this week.
我得准备这周的化学考试。
Her parents are busy preparing to go on holiday.
她的父母正忙着准备去度假
在她离开之前，我准备了礼物来表 达我对她最美好的祝福
Hope for the best, and prepare for the worst.
存最好的希望，但做最 坏的打算
We should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.我们应该改进学习方 法，为考试做好充分准备。
I closed my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of anger.
我闭上眼睛做好了准备，等他大发雷霆
I did little preparation for the examination.
我几乎没有为考试做准备
All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to star.
这项任务的所 有准备工作都已经完成，我们可以开始了
They are busy making preparations for the wedding.
他们正忙着筹备婚礼
【高考链接】
Our monitor presented our teacher with the ________ (prepare) flowers. (陕西卷) (prepared)
All the competitors must be fully prepared ________ (give) the best performance. (天津课改卷) (to give)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The lectures help students prepare _____ college mathematics. (for)
I want to improve my language skills _____ preparation for further study overseas. (in)
5. access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的) 机会；vt.进入；使用；获取
【原句再现】
The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn. (教材P9)
【词块积累】
gain/get/have/obtain access to….可以到达/使用/得到(机会，权利等)
give access to… 得以接近；准许进入
accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to sb. 易被某人接近/使用/进入等
【精品例句】
Students at the Belfast campus have access to excellent sports facilities.
在贝尔法斯特校园的学生可以使用极好的体育设施。
The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users.
这些设施已经改造过以方便轮椅使用者进入。
Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须拥有良好的资源。
Such information is not really accessible，as ordinary people have no access to it.
这种信息不是很容易得到的，因为普通人无法得到这种信息
【高考链接】
1. Kids shouldn't have access ________ violent films because they might imitate the things they see. (湖南卷) (to)
2. Nowadays，most services are rated on the Internet，which are easy ________ (access). ( 陕西卷) (to access)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
1. The remote desert area is ________ (access) only by helicopter. (accessible)
2. I have no access _____ the data bank. (to)
6. worthwhile 值得花时间/精力的
【原句再现】
If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile. (教材P9)
【词块积累】
It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.
worth adj. 值…的；具有…价值的；prep. 值得
be worth sth. 值…
be worth doing sth. 值得做
It is worth doing sth. 值得做
worthless adj. 无价值的；无用的
worthy 值得的；有价值的
be worthy of sth. 值…
be worthy of being done
=be worthy to be done值得（被）…
It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth. 做某事是值得的
【精品例句】
The old stamp is worth about 5000yuan.
这枚邮票值5000元左右
Although we take an hour a day for exercise, it is well worth it.
虽然我们每天都要锻炼一个小时，但一切都是值得的
It is worth visiting the art museum.
那个美术馆值得一去
It is worthwhile comparing/to compare prices.
有必要比较一下价格
His achievements are worthy of the highest praise.
他的成就值得给予最高奖赏
The young man is worthy to be taught.
孺子可教
The movie is worthy of being seen once more.
这部电影值得再看
His daughter felt it more than worthwhile to save his music.
他的女儿觉得保存他的音乐很有价值
It is worthwhile to discuss the problem further.
进一步讨论这个问题是值得的
Thank you for making my visit worthwhile.
谢谢你让我的拜访如此值得
【高考链接】
Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes ____. (湖北卷.完型)
A. favorable B. precious C. essential D. worthwhile (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Good opinions are worth __ (stick) to because they can benefit us all. (浙江卷) (sticking)
7. check vt & vi检查; 查看； 查明; 核实; n. 检查; 核对; 支票(=cheque)
【原句再现】
As soon as I open my eyes in the morning, I check through all my social networking apps, read my emails and answer text messages. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
check for weaknesses检查缺陷
check the ticket 验票/查票
check + that/ wh-从句 核实或查明某事
check in（在旅馆/机场）登记; 报到
check out 结账离开; 核实
check on核实; 检查
a health / medical check健康/医疗检查
pay by check用支票付款
check-in n.(在机场/旅馆/医院等办理登记手续的)登记处;办理登记手续
checkout n. 付款处; 收银台; 退房时间
【精品例句】
Check a used car thoroughly before buying it.
买二手车前把它彻底检查一下
You 'd better check with Jane what time she'll arrive in Beijing.
你最好和简确认下她什么时候到达北京
Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked in for his fight.
布莱恩在办理登机手续前需要见一个叫托尼的人
Would you check out these names and numbers, please
请核实一下这些名字和号码好吗
The doctor in charge made regular checks of her pulse and blood pressure.
主治医生定期给她测脉搏和血压
He ran / carried out a careful check of all the names on the list, so t hat no one would be left out.
他仔细地核对了名单上所有的名字，以防遗漏
【高考链接】
-- Julin said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it (陕西卷)
-- Oh, really! I haven't ______ my mailbox yet.
A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We'll check ______ the plane before it leaves. (on)
There's your room key and you should check ______ before 12:00. (out)
8. associate v. 联系，联想; n. 同伴，伙伴
【原句再现】
I have a never-ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
associate...with... 把……同……联系起来
be associated with... 和……有关
associate with sb. 与某人打交道
association n．协会，社团；联合，联想
in association with...　与……合伙/合作
【精品例句】
We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我们正联合一家当地公司，为无家可归的人筹款
I associate Switzerland with the Alps.
我一想到瑞士就联想到阿尔皮斯山
They appointed me president of the association.
他们任命我为该协会的主席。
So a lot hangs on whether the association between gene and disease is real.
所以，这一切取决于基因与疾病之间是否真的有关联。
About 20 people have registered in the association.
大约有20人已登记加入这一协会。
【高考链接】
The program was made in association _____ German television.(福建卷) (with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In children's minds summer is ______ (associate) with picnics. (associated)
It's much easier to get _____ debt than to get out of debt．(into)
9. attend vt&vi. 出席，参加；上学；看护，照料
【原句再现】
I attend parties and play sports but I’m always distracted. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
attend a lecture/party/meeting/an interview 听课/参加聚会/参加会议/面试
attend to… 照料；处理；接待
attendance n.出席
attendant n. 服务员
【精品例句】
Please let us know if you are unable to attend.
如果不能出席请通知我们
That holiday morning I didn’t have to attend school.
那个假如的早上我不必去上学
The patient was attended by a nurse.
病人由一名护士照料
Nurses are busy attending to the wounded.
护士正忙着照顾伤员
Excuse me, sir. Are you being attended to
打扰一下，有人接待你吗？
【高考链接】
The program was made in association _____ German television.(福建卷) (with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In children's minds summer is ______ (associate) with picnics. (associated)
It's much easier to get _____ debt than to get out of debt．(into)
10. rather adv. 相当; 颇; 相反地; 反而
【原句再现】
The stimulation is in chasing after the next song rather than truly enjoying it. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
a rather cold day/rather a cold day颇冷的一天
(or) rather更确切地说
rather than而不（是）
would rather.. (than)宁愿/宁可..(而不..)
a rather moving story/rather a moving story十分感人的故事
pretty good=fairly good=quite good相当好
温馨提示：pretty/fairly/quite不与动词连用，也不与too及比较级连用, quite 必须放不定冠词前面；rather 可与too和比较级连用，可放在不定冠词前或后
【精品例句】
She fell and hurt he r leg rather badly. 她跌倒了，腿伤得相当严重
Its not cold. Rather, it's very hot. 天气不冷，反倒是很热
The problem is not their lack of funding, but rather their lack of planning.
问题不在于他们缺少资金， 而在于缺乏计划
He worked till late last night, or rather, early this morning.
他昨晚一直工作到深夜，更确切地说， 是到今天凌展
It is better to express your anger, rather than bottle it up.
将怒气发泄出来更好，而不要憋在心里
--What about going climbing again this weekend 这个周末再去爬山怎么样
--I'd rather not. I'd rather stay cosy and read my novel.
我不愿意去，我宁愿舒舒服服地待着读小说
She would rather die than give in. 她宁死不屈
It’s getting late. I'd rat her (that) you left now天很晚了，你现在该走了
(温馨提示：would rather后的that从句要用虚拟语气。从句用“一般过去时”表示现在或将来的情况; 用 “过去完成时”表示过去的情况, 请观察以下两个句子)
Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you came next weekend.
明天别来，我希望你下个周末来
I'd rather you hadn't told my mother the truth. 我真希望你没有把真相告诉我妈妈
This book is rather too difficult for the juniors and rather too easy for the seniors.
这本书对低年级学生来说太难, 对高年级学生来说又太简单
Her mother is rather better today. 她母亲今天好多了
【高考链接】
1. What we expect from you is working hard ______ hardly working. (安徽卷)
A. less than B. rather than C. as well as D. as much as (B)
2. If what your friend comes up with surprises you don't reject it immediately. _____, imagine that it is true. (浙江卷)
A. Thus B. Besides C. Rather D. Otherwise (C)
3. It was a nice house, but too small for a family of five. (天津卷)
A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty (C)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
-- Will you join us in the game --Thank you, _________
A. but why not B. but I'd rather not. C. and I won't. D. and I’ll join. (B)
11. complain v．抱怨，不满，发牢骚；投诉
【原句再现】
On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth. (向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚
complain (to sb.) that．．． (向某人)抱怨……
complaint n. 抱怨；投诉；控告
make a complaint 抱怨，投诉
a letter of complaint 投诉信
【精品例句】
I have no complaint about my pay.
关于薪水我没有什么不满
In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint to each other but understanding of each other.
困难的时候，我们需要的不是相互抱怨而是相互理解
It's no use complaining without taking any action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的
I'm going to complain to the manager about this.
我将就此事向经理提意见
All the tourists complained about the bad service in that restaurant.
所有游客都抱怨那家餐馆劣质的服务
【高考链接】
The most common _______ (complain) is about poor service. (湖北卷) (complaint)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The manager complained ____ us about there being too many complaints from customers this month. (to)
12. charge n. 主管; 负责; 费用; 价钱; 指控; 罪名; 电荷; 电量; vt&vi(向…) 收费; 开价；vt指控; 控告; vt & vi(给)充电; vi & vt (向…)冲; 进攻
【原句再现】
When it was charged, she just spent hours reading about her favorite pop-star; not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
charger 充电器
in charge (of sth): 负责，掌管
in /under sb's charge = be in the charge of sb.
take charge of 负责，掌管
an admission charge of $55美元的入场费
on charge充电中
a positive/negative charge正/负电荷
charge sb. sth (for sth) 为…收取某人…钱
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人某事
【精品例句】
I'd like to speak to the person in charge.
我想跟负责人谈谈
Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please
我能同国际销售部的负责人谈谈 2009全国吗
The files were left in your charge.
这些文件由你负责处理
Your order will be sent free of charge.
你订的货物将免费送达
She was arrested on the charge of theft.
她因被控偷盗而被捕
We won’t charge you for delivery.
我们免费送货
Do you think museums should charge for admission
你认为博物馆该收入场费吗
The restaurant only charged me S40.
餐馆仅收了我40美元。
She is charged with murdering her husband.
她被控谋害其夫。
He had forgotten to charge the battery.
他忘记了给电池充电。
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole they wait patiently and can charge at any second.
当狮子隐藏在水坑边上准备攻击时，它们会耐心地等待着，随时都会发起攻击。
【高考链接】
The monthly charge _______ this service is only $29. （全国卷） (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge ______ the program （山东卷） (of)
I wonder how much you charge ______ your services. (安徽卷) (for)
13. avoid vt. 避免；防止；躲避；避开, 后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接动词不定式
【原句再现】
Alcoholics who want to quit drinking can avoid booze, but how do we give up our phones (教材P15)
【词块积累】
avoid sth./doing sth. 避免/防止某事/做某事
avoid a mistake/a heart attack/a temptation 避免/防止错误/心脏病复发/诱惑
【精品例句】
I think she is avoiding me.
我想，她在躲着我
Try to avoid accidents.
尽量防止发生事故
He avoided answering my questions.
他避免回答我的问题
Generally we dislike arguments, and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement.
我们通常不喜欢争吵，会回避引起争执的话题
Road safety is taught to young children to avoid road accident.
儿童需要学习道路安全知识，以避免交通事故
【高考链接】
To avoid ________ (miss) the last train, please check the last train times posted in stations. (陕西卷) (missing)
In that atmosphere, it was impossible to avoid ______ (affect). (江西课改卷) (being affected)
【考点训练】
Neighbors should do all they can to avoid _______ (disturb) other people. (disturbing)
14. contact n. 联系; 联络;交往; 触碰; 接触; 社会关系;门路; 熟人; vt. (用电话、信件等) 联络 (某人); 使接触;与…接触
【原句再现】
After all, I need it for my studies because my teachers and classmates need to contact me at any time. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
make contact with＝get in/into contact with…= get in touch with…与……取得联系
lose contact with… = lose touch with…与……失去联系
keep/stay in contact with… = keep/stay in touch with….与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with…= be in/out of touch with…与……有/没有联系
【精品例句】
I have managed to make contact with an old friend.
我设法与一位老朋友取得了联系
In the past, it was always easy to get a job if you had friends and contacts.
在过去，如果你有朋友和关系，找工作往往很容易
Please contact me by e-mail if you are interested in this kind of products.
如果你有兴趣，请发电子邮件与我联系。
The pilot lost contact with the control tower.
这个飞行员失去了与塔台的联系
Losing touch/contact with relatives is terrible.
与亲人失去联系是可怕的
Have you kept in contact with your classmates after graduation
你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？
I've lost contact with most of my school friends.
我已经与大部分校友失去了联系。
I have managed to make contact with an old friend.
我设法与一位老朋友取得联系
【高考链接】
One should get ______ contact with others rather than only satisfying his or her desire. (陕西卷) (in/into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In his contact others，he never forces people to accept his point of view. (with)
We agreed (contact) again as soon as possible. (to contact)
●本单元重要词组
15. pass away 去世，逝世，谢世
Sadly, she passed away two years ago but I still think of her all the time. (教材P6)
I heard about Mrs. Smith passing away, and I am so sorry for your loss.
16. catch sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事（一般为不该做的事情）
Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage! (教材P9)
The farmer caught the boy stealing apples from the orchard.
17. not all… 或者all ….not…. 表示“并非都….”, “不是所有的都…..”
However, I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham. (教材P9)
Not all the answers are right.
●句型点拨
1. what 引导名词性从句
【原句再现】
I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do. (教材P9)
句式分析：句中what you want为what引导的名词性从句，作动词say的宾语。
【能力拓展】
※ what引导的名词性从句除了可以作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语、表语或同位语等。
※ what在所引导的名词性从句中充当一定的成分。
※ what引导的名词性从句用陈述语序。
轻轻告诉你：名词性从句中what与that的不同：
what引导名词性从句常在从句中表示某种意义且作成分，而that引导名词性从句时，that在从句中一般无意义，且在从句中不作任何句子成分。
【精品例句】
At last we came to what is called “Tibet”．
最后我们来到了叫“西藏”的地方。
They have got what they need—food and clothes.
他们得到了他们所需要的东西——食物和衣服。
He saves what he earns.
他赚多少，存多少。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now
是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
【高考链接】
After many days' voyage, they arrived in ______ is called America now. (陕西卷)
(what)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
All the people believed ________ it was right to rescue the old temple．(that)
2. which引导非限制性定语从句
【原句再现】
Teenagers want to be liked, to fit in and to be accepted, which means peer pressure can be powerful and hard to resist. (教材21)
句式分析：句中的which是连接代词，引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面对篮球的热爱是自己后面行为的原因。
【能力拓展】
(1) 非限制性定语从句有逗号。这是它最大的特点，从句与主句用逗号分隔开了。一般可以单独翻译出来，让它成为一个句子，和主句并列排放，而定语从句翻译出来，通常是“(从句内容)……的…… (被修饰的名词)”。
(2) 修饰对象不同。非限制性定语从句可以修饰它前面的名词，还可以修饰它前面的整个句子，或句子的部分内容，这是它非常重要的一个作用。
(3) 关系词使用不同。非限制性定语从句绝对不可以用that引导。
【精品例句】　
My sister always helps me with English，which makes me encouraged.
我姐姐总是在英语方面帮助我，这让我备受鼓舞
He was always late for work，which led to his being fired.
他上班总是迟到，结果被开除了
He won the game，which made his whole family happy.
他赢得了比赛，让全家人都很开心
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He came back in 1949，______ People's Republic of China was founded. (when)
Once more I am in Beijing，______ I have not been for ten years. (where)
He was late for school again, ______ made his mother very angry. (which)
●过去完成时（详见语法课件）
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