河南省洛阳市伊川县第一高中2022-2023学年高三下学期入学摸底测试英语试题

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河南省洛阳市伊川县第一高中2022-2023学年高三下学期入学摸底测试英语试题
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读理解
All of us spend a large part of our lives at home—eating, sleeping, relaxing and communicating with our family members. Our home is a shelter for us, away from the noisy, busy, and polluted world outside—a place where we can let down our hair and dress casually. Eco-friendliness(环保) is a hot word today and we all know we should make our environment as eco-friendly as possible. This is not only good for our health, but also good for the outward environment. Here are some easy and helpful tips to make your home eco-friendly.
Kitchen
Plan the kitchen to be bright and airy so that you don't have to turn on the lights at daytime. Don't make wasteful use of the gas. Keep all ingredients for cooking ready before lighting the gas. Turn it to low when not required—always using it on "high" burns a lot of gas.
Indoor plants
Plants are extremely eco-friendly and can be used to make your home look lively. Apart from adding life to home, they give out O2, thus making the air inside fresh. You can keep plants in your home, but be sure to show them some sunlight regularly. Also, if they are kept outside, clean their leaves with a wet cloth, as dust may be added to them. A home decorated with plants looks attractive. Plants are a natural home decorating gift that shows concern about the environment. A green plant is a wonderful gift which will protect the earth and is sure to be appreciated.
Saving water
Most of the time, we take water for granted—we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes. Needless to say, this is a huge waste of natural resources. Try to recycle water. For example, the water used for washing vegetables can be used for watering plants; the soapy water used for washing clothes can be used to clean the bathroom and kitchen.
1．Why is the importance of our home discussed in Paragraph 1
A．To advise us to communicate more with our family members.
B．To show the outside world is noisy and polluted.
C．To advise us to spend more time staying at home.
D．To show it's necessary to make our home eco-friendly.
2．What is advised to be done in the kitchen
A．To open the window. B．To save energy.
C．To prepare simple meals. D．To turn down lights.
3．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean
A．We don't use water frequently.
B．We try our best not to waste water.
C．We don't realize the importance of water.
D．We make full use of water.
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读理解
Beginning 2020, the fifth generation of wireless technology is expected to be widely used throughout the world. The new network, called 5G, promises to give faster speeds and a higher capacity for the use of more devices. However, while some companies are competing to be the first to deliver 5G to the consumer, the environmental influences of the new network are being overlooked.
There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to ecosystems. The main component of the 5G network that will affect the earth's ecosystems is the millimeter waves. The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale(规模) before. Studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies.
The millimeter waves, specifically, had a detrimental effect on birds. In a study, researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5~30 minutes, the eggs of sparrows were disfigured. The disfiguration of birds exposed for such a short amount of time to these frequencies(频率) is significant considering that the new 5G network will have a much higher density(浓度) of base stations(small cells) throughout areas needing connection. The potential dangers of having so many small cells all over areas where birds live could threaten their population's survival.
Additionally, it was found that cellular devices were linked to many disturbances in the ecosystems of bees. In this study, beehives exposed for just ten minutes to 900MHz waves fell victim to colony collapse disorder(蜂群崩坏症候群). Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth's ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination(授粉), making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system.
The impact that the cell towers have on birds and bees is important to understand, because all ecosystems of the earth are interconnected. If one component of an ecosystem is disrupted the whole system will be affected.
4．What will probably cause the environmental problems with the wide use of 5G network
A．The lack of the density of base stations.
B．The less mature devices and technologies.
C．The lower capacity for the use of devices.
D．The large amount of use of millimeter waves.
5．Which of the following best explains the underlined word "detrimental" in Paragraph 3
A．Important. B．Unknown. C．Harmful. D．Potential.
6．Why are bees important in the earth's ecosystem
A．They play a key role in food production.
B．They can guide some pollinators to work.
C．They are likely to reduce unpleasant noises.
D．They rid disturbances in the agricultural system.
7．What is the best title for the text
A．Should 5G Be Used in the Future B．The Influence of 5G on Ecosystem
C．The Research on 5G Technologies D．How Can Ecosystem Survive 5G
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读理解
72-year-old Darlene Mullins recently graduated from Tennessee State University in Nashville, Tennessee. Darlene left school nearly 55 years ago in the name of love. She was studying at the college and met her husband-to-be, John Mullins, in 1962. The two knew they would marry each other the moment they met. She finished her freshman year with 25 credits and married John in 1963. Her husband graduated in 1964 and began working.
Darlene took care of the household and was a stay-at-home mother to their son and daughter. The family lived in six states over the years, due to John's successful career in business. Darlene eventually began a career in retail as their children grew older. Though she remained busy, she always longed to finish school. She always told her children to make sure they finish what they started and she kind of felt it was time to live up to her own dream.
John was very supportive when she told him she was going back to school. He knew the day would come when she decided to finish her degree. He told her whenever she was ready they would go. The couple moved back to Nashville in 2013 when Darlene re-enrolled. She had to adjust to the technological advances in the classroom, saying that she was determined to finish no matter how long it took. After four years, Darlene graduated with a degree. "I feel like God has given me a second chance," she said. She hopes that her story can inspire others to pursue a degree.
8．Why did Darlene decide to leave university early
A．She was tired of school life. B．She met a boy she loved a lot.
C．Her family was too poor then. D．Her friend John Mullins left her.
9．What happened to Darlene during the 55 years after leaving school
A．Her husband's career failed eventually.
B．The whole family never moved to another city.
C．She often longed to go back to school.
D．Her children advised her to finish school.
10．How did John respond to Darlene's decision to go back to school
A．He did his best to help her.
B．He managed to hold her back.
C．He told her that it was impossible.
D．He asked her to continue her career.
11．What does the author want to tell us
A．Never leave school too early.
B．It's a pity to leave school early.
C．It's often great to put family first.
D．It's never late to return to school.
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读理解
Innovation(创新) comes from environments where ideas can connect. So what kind of environment does an epidemic(传染病) create when it comes to quickening innovation This is the very question a new information chart from Top Masters looks to answer. According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history. This is a timely report because people are coming up with some innovative ideas to address many of the challenges brought on by COVID-19.
As epidemics go, the Black Death of the 1300% was extremely shocking. The plague(瘟疫) as it is also known, wiped out up to 60% of the population in Europe. According to the report, it was responsible for changing the economic and social structure of Europe and the creation of a middle class.
There were other outbreaks of the plague in England later on. In 1592, London faced an outbreak that shut down theaters for six months, This led Shakespeare to start writing poetry to make a living. And it was during this time that he wrote Venus and Adonis, and The Rape of Lucre. Another plague in 1606 also closed the theatres in London, and this time Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth.
In the US, the Boston smallpox epidemic of 1721 led to the spread of variolation (天花接种) which was responsible for reducing the death rate from 14% to2%, as well as the first steps towards vaccines.
COVID-19 is causing serious damage around the world. And although the death rate is nowhere close, the economic impact has been overwhelming. On the negative side, it has highlighted may of the shortcoming in the healthcare industry as nurses and doctors battled virus unfortunately underequipped.
With increased connectivity and technology, innovators around the world have responded by making the equipment that healthcare workers desperately need Today's innovators are addressing ventilator(呼吸机) shortages by using 3D printers and designing simpler ventilators; companies are making washable and reusable masks; app are tracking the virus and fighting the spread of misinformation.
12．What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A．Epidemics can promote creative ideas.
B．Creative ideas can influence epidemics.
C．Innovation exists in any environment.
D．Epidemics have more negative effects on the environment.
13．According to the passage what effect did epidemics have in history
A．The death rate was decreased.
B．European economy was improved.
C．Shakespeare changed his writing focus.
D．The Boston smallpox killed 14% of the population.
14．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．The COVID- 19 will soon be wiped out.
B．Medical workers are making equipment.
C．Healthcare equipment has been made in large quantities.
D．Innovators rely on technology to solve medical problems.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Epidemics Speed Up Innovation B．Innovation Changes the Economy
C．Epidemics Damage the Environment D．Innovators Prevent COVID-19
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tourism has its benefits, but there are disadvantages as well. While it stimulates(刺激) the local economy and creates jobs, many cities see destruction to landmarks and disruption of citizens' daily lives.
If you've ever visited a large city or famous site, there's no doubt you've seen the marks left behind by tourists. 16　16． 　. The attractions vary from the Luxor Temple in Egypt to the Colosseum in Rome and the ancient Buddhist grottoes in China. Whether it's a visitor's initials, a date or a phrase, the message is one of disrespect.
　17． 　. The litter left behind by visitors can be astonishing. Every year people who visit Mount Qomolangma leave behind a trail of plastic bottles and other trash. In the US, people flock to New Orleans for Mardi Gras celebrations, and in their wake, so much garbage is left behind that it takes the city weeks to recover.
Even if tourists act responsibly, the number of visitors alone presents a risk. 18　18． 　. Reefs attractions can be permanently damaged.
Other negative effects of tourism may not be as evident. Tourists may visit a popular destination with little or no regard for those who call it home. 19　19． 　. Visitors who don't respect local traditions and culture only lessen the value of the experience, not to mention cast future tourists in a negative light.
Tourism most definitely has its advantages, of course, economic and otherwise. There is nothing greater than experiencing a new place, people or culture firsthand. 　20． 　.
A. Tourism can cause damage to local environment and culture as well.
B. People have defaced (损坏外观) historical sites around the world.
C. Some tourists even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damage the balance of the natural environment.
D. Sometimes they may act rudely to residents or simply not observing community rules.
E. Ancient structures suffer increased wear and tear due to large crowds.
F. In addition to graffiti (涂鸦), tourism can cause environmental damage.
G. But to protect this privilege, we must show that we are respectful and appreciative rather than destructive.
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It's fortunate for children to have siblings (兄弟姐妹) accompanying them. And the kids would be luckier to have a brother as 21． as Christian Hamerter. The 11-year-old boy, attended a father-daughter dance with his 7-year-old sister Skylar after finding Skylar was 22． by their dad.
In the days leading up to the 23． in March, it was all Skylar was 24． for, talking about it all day. On the other hand, her mom Trelysia felt more and more 25． . At this time of year, their father is always fully 26． in official duties . He didn't attend last year's dance due to a conference, 27． having made a promise. Then, she was right to be worried. On the big day, 28． , their father was sent abroad for business. "It was 29． that he failed to go there for a second year. Skylar 30． because she had her heart set on going. "Trelysia wrote in a 31． . " I felt so bad and also cried uncontrollably. "
That's when Christian 32． ! The big brother wanted his sister to feel loved and special. And he picked out a suit and gold tie, a perfect 33． for Skylar's gold dress. "The action filled me with 34． the mother wrote, "for I just know that I'm 35． a kind man—and an amazing father one day. He has 36． that he can be." Skylar had a great time with Christian there without her dad's 37． . Even better, now she knows her brother would always come to her 38． .
The post warmed hearts of the people it 39． and picked up more than 110, 000 reactions 40． the sweet gesture.
21．A．enthusiastic B．generous C．considerate D．intelligent
22．A．left behind B．misunderstood C．set apart D．cheated
23．A．resulte B．event C．opportunity D．scene
24．A．concerned B．competent C．ready D．eager
25．A．anxiety B．curiosity C．satisfaction D．confusion
26．A．caught B．skilled C．occupied D．disappointed
27．A．since B．ase C．without D．despite
28．A．worse still B．as usual C．sure enough D．for example
29．A．unexpectede B．uncertain C．unquestioned D．unlikely
30．A．complainede B．wept C．argued D．apologized
31．A．magazine B．diary C．booke D．post
32．A．moved on B．stepped forward
C．took off D．backed away
33．A．substitute B．match C．symbol D．demand
34．A．relief B．appreciation C．pride D．confidence
35．A．seeking B．changing C．affecting D．raising
36．A．proved B．promised C．agreed D．explained
37．A．wish B．practice C．assistance D．company
38．A．rescuee B．noticed C．knowledge D．defences
39．A．united B．reached C．convinced D．informed
40．A．evaluating B．instructing C．praising D．recording
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese TV drama Awakening Age, which narrates the story of how the Communist Party of China(CPC) 　41． 　(found) in 1921, ended several months ago, but it remains a hot topic on social media, 　42． 　 the discussion shows that it has played a positive role in educating young people about China's revolutionary history.
The TV series 　43． 　 (celebrate) this year's 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC has won high praise online. The stories of the young people in the drama - who devoted everything, even their lives, 　44． 　 the revolution- have touched a large number of viewers. The storytelling in the show has also been praised by viewers for successfully showing the 　45． 　 (deep) of the CPC's history and spirit, as well as the warmth of China and every family in the country.
Many audiences were inspired to find background information about the series and commented that this is their first time 　46． 　 (learn) the history about the founding of the Party and the country. "I read many of Lu Xun's novels such as A Madman's Diary when I was in elementary school, 　47． 　 I couldn't understand why he wrote them or the angry feelings hiding in the characters. After watching the drama, I read 　48． 　 (they) again and found that I can now understand 　49． 　 they wanted to convey to readers," said Li Lin, 　50． 　 18-year-old viewer.
五、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51．（2023高三下·伊川开学考） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
With the rapidly development of modern science and technology, there is more and more kinds of electric cars coming into our lives and becoming popular.
Electric cars have much advantages. Firstly, they are energy-saving and environmentally friendly. We don't pollute the air because of they use electricity instead of petrol. Secondly, it is easy and safe to drive electric cars. In addition, they made little noise when they are running. Last but not least, electric cars can go at a speed of 120 kilometers a hour. And on one charge, they can go as far as 160 kilometers.
In my opinion, how our government should do is to take action to support the production of electric cars and encourage people use them. If possible, people should use electric cars in order to make our world cleaner but better in the future.
六、书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）你校英语报将举办一场主题为time management的征文大赛，请你写一篇英语短文参加比赛，内容包括：
1）时间管理的重要性。
2）如何管理时间。
注意:
1）词数100左右。
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了三种让家庭生态友好的方式。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Our home is a shelter for us, away from the noisy, busy, and polluted world outside — a place where we can let down our hair and dress casually. Eco friendliness is a hot word today and we all know we should make our environment as eco friendly as possible. ”我们的家是我们的温馨港湾，远离喧嚣、忙碌和被污染的外面的世界，一个我们可以随意不管头发和穿着的地方。 生态友好是今天的一个热词，我们都知道我们应该使我们的环境尽可能的生态友好。可知，第一段谈论家的重要性是为了表明我们的家园环保是必要的。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Kitchen部分中的“Plan the kitchen to be bright and airy so that you don't have to turn on the lights at daytime. Don't make wasteful use of the gas. Keep all ingredients for cooking ready before lighting the gas. Turn it to low when not required—always using it on "high" burns a lot of gas.”把厨房规划得明亮通风，这样白天就不用开灯了。 不要浪费汽油。 在点燃煤气灯之前，要把所有做饭用的材料都准备好。 当不需要的时候把它调低——总是在“高”的时候使用它会燃烧很多气体。可知，在厨房里，我们应该节约能源。故选B。
3．考查句义猜测。根据Saving water部分中的“we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes”我们在刷牙或洗衣服的时候让水一直流着，可知，大多数时候，我们不能意识到水的重要性而节约用水。因此，“we take water for granted”表示我们认为水的存在和使用是理所当然的，即，没有意识到水的重要性。故选C。
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了5G网络技术使用的毫米波对环境的破坏，影响了鸟类、蜜蜂等的飞行，从而影响了地球的整个生态系统。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale(规模) before. Studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies.” 用于开发5G网络的毫米波以前从未以如此规模使用过。研究发现，这些新技术造成了一些危害。 可知，5G 网络的问题是大量使用毫米波会影响生态环境。故选D。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“In a study, researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5~30 minutes, the eggs of sparrows were disfigured.” 在一项研究中，研究人员观察到，麻雀的卵在暴露于基站辐射5~30分钟后外形就会被毁。可推断，毫米波对鸟类有不利影响。画线词的意思与harmful“有害的”的意思最为接近。故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth's ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination(授粉), making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system.” 蜜蜂是地球生态系统中极其重要的一部分。今天生产的食物有三分之一依赖蜜蜂授粉，使得蜜蜂成为农业系统的重要组成部分。 可知，蜜蜂可以授粉，所以它们在食物生产过程中起着重要的作用。故选A。
7．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“However，while some companies are competing to be the first to deliver 5G to the consumer, the environmental influences of the new network are being overlooked.” 然而，尽管一些公司正在竞争成为第一个向消费者提供5G的公司，但新网络的环境影响却被忽视了；以及第二段中的“There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to ecosystems.”有证据表明，与5G相关的新设备和技术将对生态系统有害。可知本文主要介绍了 5G 对生态系统的影响。“5G对生态系统的影响”概括较为全面准确。符合语境，故选B。
【答案】8．B
9．C
10．A
11．D
【知识点】细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Darlene虽然早年辍学，但后来重返学校在72岁高龄的时候顺利完成了学业。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
8．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“She was studying at the college and met her husband-to-be, John Mullins, in 1962, The two knew they would marry each other the moment they met. She finished her freshman year with 25 credits and married John in 1963.”她在这所大学学习，1962年认识了她的准丈夫约翰·穆林斯。两人一见面就知道他们会结婚。她以25学分完成了大一学业，并于1963年与约翰结婚。可知，在大学第一年Darlene遇到了 John Mullins并与他一见钟情，两人很快就结婚了以及in the name of love，故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Darlene took care of the household and was a stay-at-home mother to their son and daughter. The family lived in six states over the years, due to John's successful career in business. Darlene eventually began a career in retail as their children grew older. Though she remained busy, she always longed to finish school. She always told her children to make sure they finish what they started and she kind of felt it was time to live up to her own dream.”达琳照顾家庭，是他们儿子和女儿的全职妈妈。多年来，由于约翰在商业上的成功，他们一家住在六个州。随着他们的孩子长大，达琳最终开始了零售业的职业生涯。尽管她仍然很忙，但她总是渴望完成学业。她总是告诉她的孩子们要确保他们完成他们开始的工作，她觉得是时候实现自己的梦想了。可知，虽然一直忙忙碌碌，但Darlene从来都没有放弃过要完成学业的梦想，希望回校学习。故选C。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Though she remained busy, she always longed to finish school”.和第三段“John was very supportive when she told him she was going back to school....He told her whenever she was ready they would go.”尽管她仍然很忙，但她总是渴望完成学业”。和第三段“当她告诉约翰她要回学校时，约翰非常支持她……他告诉她，只要她准备好了，他们就会去。可知，John知道妻子多年以来的心愿是完成学业，所以当她提出重返学校时，他告诉妻子随时都可以去。故选A。
11．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了Darlene虽然早年辍学，但后来重返学校在72岁高龄的时候顺利完成了学业，这说明一个人无论在什么时候重返学校都是不晚的。故选D。
【答案】12．A
13．C
14．D
15．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了传染病可以促进创造性想法，并结合历史上传染病暴发对社会结构、文学人物以及疫苗研制几个方面进行了说明。如今面对新冠疫情，创新者依靠技术解决医疗问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history.”根据该报告，尽管历史上流行病的悲剧性影响，但仍有突破性的创新。可推知，传染病可以促进创造性想法。故选A。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“In 1592, London faced an outbreak that shut down theaters for six months, This led Shakespeare to start writing poetry to make a living. And it was during this time that he wrote Venus and Adonis, and The Rape of Lucre. Another plague in 1606 also closed the theatres in London, and this time Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth.”1592年，伦敦爆发了一场疫情，导致剧院关闭了6个月，这导致莎士比亚开始写诗谋生。正是在这段时间里，他写了《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》和《强暴财主》。1606年的另一场瘟疫也关闭了伦敦的剧院，这一次莎士比亚创作了《李尔王》和《麦克白》。可知，传染病在历史上的影响有让莎士比亚改变了他的写作重点。故选C。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“With increased connectivity and technology, innovators around the world have responded by making the equipment that healthcare workers desperately need. Today's innovators are addressing ventilator(呼吸机) shortages by using 3D printers and designing simpler ventilators; companies are making washable and reusable masks; app are tracking the virus and fighting the spread of misinformation.”随着连通性和技术的提高，世界各地的创新者们纷纷响应，制造出医护人员急需的设备。今天的创新者们正在通过使用3D打印机和设计更简单的呼吸机来解决呼吸机短缺的问题；公司正在制造可清洗和可重复使用的口罩；应用程序正在跟踪病毒并打击错误信息的传播。可知，创新者依靠技术解决医疗问题。故选D。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Innovation(创新) comes from environments where ideas can connect. So what kind of environment does an epidemic(传染病) create when it comes to quickening innovation This is the very question a new information chart from Top Masters looks to answer. According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history.”创新来自于思想能够相互联系的环境。那么，传染病在加速创新方面创造了什么样的环境呢？这正是来自顶级大师的新信息图要回答的问题。根据该报告，尽管历史上传染病造成了悲惨的后果，但仍出现了突破性的创新。结合文章主要说明了传染病可以促进创造性想法，并结合历史上传染病暴发对社会结构、文学人物以及疫苗研制几个方面进行了说明。如今面对新冠疫情，创新者依靠技术解决医疗问题。可推知“传染病加速创新”最符合文章标题。故选A。
【答案】16．B；17．F；18．E；19．D；20．G
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们在旅游的时候必须表现出我们是尊重和感激的，而不是破坏性的。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“If you’ve ever visited a large city or famous site, there's no doubt you’ve seen the marks left behind by tourists”如果你去过大城市或著名景点，毫无疑问你会看到游客留下的痕迹；以及空后“The attractions vary from the Luxor Temple in Egypt to the Colosseum in Rome and the ancient Buddhist grottoes in China.”从埃及的卢克索神庙到罗马的罗马斗兽场，再到中国的古代佛教石窟，景点各不相同。可知，空处承上启下，说明世界各地的历史遗迹遭到破坏。B项中的 “People have defaced (损坏外观) historical sites” 与上一句的“ marks”呼应。B. People have defaced (损坏外观) historical sites around the world.“人们在世界各地损毁历史遗迹。”符合语境。故选B。
17．根据空后“The litter left behind by visitors can be astonishing. Every year people who visit Mount Qomolangma leave behind a trail of plastic bottles and other trash.”游客留下的垃圾令人吃惊。每年参观珠穆朗玛峰的人都会留下一串塑料瓶和其他垃圾。可知，本段主要讲述的是环境破坏。F. In addition to graffiti (涂鸦), tourism can cause environmental damage.“除了涂鸦，旅游也会造成环境破坏。”符合语境。故选F。
18．根据空前“Even if tourists act responsibly, the number of visitors alone presents a risk.”即使游客的行为是负责任的，游客的数量本身就存在风险。可知，游客数量多，本身就是一种威胁。E项中的 large crowds 对应“游客数量”，陈述由于大量的游客造成古代建筑物遭受到越来越多的磨损和破坏。 E. Ancient structures suffer increased wear and tear due to large crowds. “由于人群众多，古代建筑的磨损加剧。”符合语境，故选E。
19．根据空前“Other negative effects of tourism may not be as evident.”旅游业的其他负面影响可能并不明显。可知，这个自然段谈论的是旅游业带来的其他不明显的消极影响；“Tourists may visit a popular destination with little or no regard for those who call it home.”游客可能会去一个热门景点，很少或根本不考虑那些称之为家的人；以及空后“Visitors who don’t respect local traditions and culture only lessen the value of the experience, not to mention cast future tourists in a negative light.”不尊重当地传统和文化的游客只会降低体验的价值，更不用说给未来的游客带来负面影响。可知，空处说明的是游客对当地风俗和文化的不尊重。D. Sometimes they may act rudely to residents or simply not observing community rules.“有时他们可能对居民行为粗鲁，或者根本不遵守社区规则。”符合语境。故选D。
20．根据空前“Tourism most definitely has its advantages, of course, economic and otherwise. There is nothing greater than experiencing a new place, people or culture firsthand.”旅游业当然有它的优势，经济上的和其他方面的。没有什么比亲身体验一个新的地方、新的人和新的文化更棒的了。可知，这是全文的最后一句话，再次阐述作者观点，呼吁人们旅游时要“尊重和保护”，而不是带来“破坏”。G. But to protect this privilege, we must show that we are respectful and appreciative rather than destructive“但是为了保护这一特权，我们必须表现出我们是尊重和感激的，而不是破坏性的。”符合语境。故选G。
【答案】21．C；22．A；23．B；24．D；25．A；26．C；27．D；28．C；29．C；30．B；31．D；32．B；33．B；34．C；35．D；36．A；37．D；38．A；39．B；40．C
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Skylar 的爸爸答应去参加她的“父女之舞”舞会，但是爸 爸那天刚好要出差。她11岁的哥哥 Christian Hamerter 站出来代替爸爸陪妹妹参加舞会，让妹妹在舞会上玩的开心。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：孩子们要是有个像 Christian Hamerter这么体贴的哥哥就更幸运了。A. enthusiastic“热情的，热心的”； B. generous“ 慷慨的，大方的”；C. considerate“体贴的”；D. intelligent“聪明的”。根据下文“The 11-year-old boy, attended a father-daughter dance with his 7-year-old sister Skylar ”11岁的哥哥陪同7岁的妹妹参加了父女舞会。可得知：哥哥对妹妹很体贴。故选C。
22．句意：这个11岁的男孩，在发现Skylar 被父亲留下，未参加舞会后，和他7岁的妹妹 Skylar 一起参加了父女舞会。 A. left behind“留下”；B. misunderstood“误解”；C. set apart“使与众不同”；D. cheated“欺骗”。根据下文“On the big day, 8 , his father was sent abroad on business.”可知，父亲被外派国外出差，所以不能去参加舞会，也就留下了妹妹。故选A。
23．句意：在三月活动的前几天，这是 Skylar 一直渴望的，她整天都在谈论这件事。A. result“结果”；B. event“事情”；C. opportunity“机会”；D. scene“场景，景象”。根据上文，哥哥带着妹妹参加了父女舞会，所以此处指的就是舞会这件事，故选B。
24．句意：在三月活动的前几天，这是 Skylar 一直渴望的，她整天都在谈论这件事。A. concerned“关心的”；B. competent“有能力的，能胜任的”；C. ready“现成的，准备好的”；D. eager“渴望的”。根据空后“talking about it all day”可知，对这次舞会，妹妹是渴望的。故选D。
25．句意：另一方面，她妈妈 Trelysia 越来越忧虑。A. anxiety“忧虑”； B. curiosity“好奇心”；C. satisfaction“满意”；D. confusion“困惑”。根据下文“she was right to be worried.她的担心是对的”可知，此处表示妈妈对此很忧虑。故选A。
26．句意：每年这个时候，他们的父亲总是忙于公务。A. caught “被抓的”；B. skilled“熟练的”；C. occupied“被占用的”； D. disappointed“失望的”。根据下文“He didn’t attend last year's dance due to a conference”他去年因为一个会议没有参加舞会，可知，他是忙于工作。故选C。
27．句意：他去年因为一个会议没有参加舞会，尽管已经答应了。A. since“自从”； B. as“作为”；C. without “没有”； D. despite“尽管”。根据下文“It was 9 that he failed to go there for a second year.”这是他又一次不能去参加舞会，尽管父亲答应要参加这次舞会的。故选D。
28．句意：果真，在那个重要的日子里，他的父亲被派往国外出差。A. worse still “更为糟糕的是”； B. as usual“和往常一样”；C. sure enough “果然，果真”；D. for example“例如”。根据上文“At this time of year, their father is always fully 6 in official duties”可知每年的这个时候父亲都是忙于工作，因而，果真此次又被派去出差。故选C。
29．句意：毫无疑问，这是他又一次不能去参加舞会。A. unexpected“意料之外的”； B. uncertain“不确定的”； C. unquestioned “毫无疑问的，无可争议的”；D. unlikely“不可能的”。根据上文“his father was sent abroad on business”，他的父亲被派到国外出差，可知此处不能参加舞会是确定无疑的，故选C。
30．句意：Skylar 哭了，因为她一心想去参加舞会。 A. complained“埋怨”； B. wept“流泪，哭泣”；C. argued“争论，争辩”； D. apologized“道歉”。根据下文“I felt so bad and also cried uncontrollably.” 我感觉很糟糕，也控制不住地哭了。可知，此处表示Skylar哭了。故选B。
31．句意：Trelysia 在一个帖子中写道，“我感觉很糟糕，也控制不住地哭了。”A. magazine“杂志”； B. diary“日记”；C. book “书”；D. post“帖子，博文”。根据下文“The post warmed hearts of the people”这封帖子温暖了人们的心，可知此处，Trelysia是在帖子中写到。故选D。
32．句意：那时候 Christian 站出来了。 A. moved on“继续前进”； B. stepped forward“ 站出来”；C. took off“脱掉”； D. backed away“后退”。根据下文“The big brother wanted his sister to feel loved and special.”大哥哥想让妹妹感到被爱和特别。以及接下来哥哥得一系列举动，可知，哥哥扮演了父亲的角色，所以，此处表示哥哥Christian走上前来。故选B。
33．句意：他选了一套西装和一条金色领带，和 Skylar 的金色裙子完美搭配。A. substitute“替代”；B. match“匹配”； C. symbol“标志”； D. demand“要求”。根据语境，哥哥得穿着和妹妹的裙子是完美搭配的。故选B。
34．句意：这个行为让我感到自豪。 A. relief “宽慰，欣慰”；B. appreciation “感激”；C. pride “骄傲”；D. confidence“信心”。根据空后“the mother wrote, ‘for 1 just know that I’m 15 _ a kind man──and an amazing father one day.’”某一天，儿子会成为一位令人惊讶的父亲，可知，此处儿子的举动是让妈妈感到很骄傲。故选C。
35．句意：母亲写道，“我只知道，我养育了一个善良的人，和一个令人惊奇的父亲。 A. seeking“搜寻，寻找”；B. changing“改变”； C. affecting“影响”； D. raising“养育”。根据空后“an amazing father one day”某一天儿子会成为一个令人惊讶的父亲，可知，现在作为母亲，是在养育着这样一个善良的儿子。故选D。
36．句意：他已经证明了他可以。 A. proved“证明” ；B. promised “承诺，答应”；C. agreed “同意”；D. explained“解释”。根据下文“Skylar had a great time with Christian there without her dad's 17 .”没有父亲陪同，Skylar和Christian在舞会上玩的很开心。可知，儿子代替父亲陪妹妹去参加舞会是成功的，这充分证明了儿子的爱，故选A。
37．句意：没有父亲陪同，Skylar和Christian在舞会上玩的很开心。A. wish“祝愿”； B. practice“练习，实践”；C. assistance“帮助”； D. company“陪伴”。根据上文，因为父亲被派到国外出差，儿子代替父亲陪妹妹去参加了舞会，所以是父亲没有陪同。故选D。
38．句意：更好的是，现在她知道，她哥哥总会来救她。A. rescue“营救”；B. notice“通知”； C. knowledge “知识”； D. defense“保卫”。根据子语境可知，此处表示妹妹Skylar感受到哥哥Christians是在她有困难时求救的对象，come to sb's rescue固定短语，“ 挽救（搭救）某人”，故选A。
39．句意：这条微博温暖了转发者的心，收到了超过11万条对这一甜蜜举动赞扬的回应。 A. united“联合”；B. reached “到达”；C. convinced“使信服”； D. informed“告知”。根据语境，妈妈是把这件事情发到了网络上，任何人都可以读到。所以此处表示网上看到这个帖子的人。故选B。
40．句意：这条微博温暖了转发者的心，收到了超过11万条对这一甜蜜举动赞扬的回应。 A. evaluating“评价”；B. instructing “指导”；C. praising“赞美”；D. recording“录制”。根据语境，妈妈发帖到网络上使许多人看到了哥哥对妹妹的爱。这份爱是被赞扬的。故选C。
【答案】41．was founded；42．where；43．celebrating；44．to；45．depth；46．to learn；47．but；48．them；49．what；50．an
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《觉醒年代》这部电视剧及其影响。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，定语从句，非谓语动词，介词，名词，连词，代词宾语从句，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：讲述中国共产党如何在1921年成立的故事的中国电视剧《觉醒时代》在几个月前结束了，但它仍然是社交媒体上的热门话题，讨论表明它在教育年轻人关于中国革命史方面发挥了积极作用。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，found和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为专有名词，故填was founded。
42．句意：讲述中国共产党如何在1921年成立的故事的中国电视剧《觉醒时代》在几个月前结束了，但它仍然是社交媒体上的热门话题，讨论表明它在教育年轻人关于中国革命史方面发挥了积极作用。 the discussion shows that it has played a positive role in educating young people about China's revolutionary history 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为social media，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
43．句意：这部庆祝今年中国共产党成立100周年的电视剧在网上赢得了高度评价。celebrate和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语，故填celebrating。
44．句意：剧中的年轻人为革命献出了切，甚至他们的生命，他们的故事感动了大量的观众。devote to固定短语，“致力于”，故填to。
45．句意：该剧的叙事方式也受到观众的好评，因为它成功地展现了中国共产党历史和精神的深度，以及中国和每个家庭的温暖。作宾语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词，故填depth。
46．句意：许多观众受到启发，查找了该剧的背景信息，并表示这是他们第一次了解党和国家的成立历史。序数词后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to learn。
47．句意：我读了很多鲁迅的小说，如《狂人日记》，当我在小学的时候，但我不明白为什么他写他们或隐藏在人物的愤怒的感情。前后是转折关系，所以用but连接，故填but。
48．句意："我读了很多鲁迅的小说，如个疯子的日记，当我在小学的时候，但我不明白为什么他写他们或隐藏在人物的愤怒的感情。看完这部剧后，我又读了一遍，发现我现在能够理解它们想要传达给读者的信息。"18岁的观众李琳(音译)说。作宾语，所以用宾格代词，故填them。
49．句意："我读了很多鲁迅的小说，如个疯子的日记，当我在小学的时候，但我不明白为什么他写他们或隐藏在人物的愤怒的感情。看完这部剧后，我又读了一遍，发现我现在能够理解它们想要传达给读者的信息。"18岁的观众李琳(音译)说。引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示"什么，故填what。
50．句意："我读了很多鲁迅的小说，如一个疯子的日记，当我在小学的时候，但我不明白为什么他写他们或隐藏在人物的愤怒的感情。看完这部剧后，我又读了一遍，发现我现在能够理解它们想要传达给读者的信息。"18岁的观众李琳(音译)说。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，18-year-old是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
51．【答案】①rapidly →rapid ②is →are ③much →many ④We →They ⑤删除because of中的of ⑥a →an ⑦how →what ⑧use前加to ⑨use前加to ⑩but →and
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电动汽车的优点。
（1）句意：随着科学技术的发展，许多不同种类的电动汽车进入到我们的生活，变得很受欢迎。修饰名词development要用形容词。故rapidly 改为rapid。
（2）句意：随着科学技术的发展，许多不同种类的电动汽车进入到我们的生活，变得很受欢迎。主语 more and more kinds of electric cars是复数，且为一般现在时，be动词应用are。故 is 改为are。
（3）句意：电动汽车有许多优点。修饰可数名词复数，要用many。故much改为 many。
（4）句意：电动汽车不污染空气，因为它们使用电而不是石油。此处指电动汽车。故We 改为They。
（5）句意：电动汽车不污染空气，因为它们使用电而不是石油。此处表示原因，后跟一个完整的句子，要用连词because 。故删除because of中的of。
（6）句意：此外，电动汽车运行时也几乎没有噪音。此处陈述一种事实，要用一般现在时，主语they是复数，谓语动词用原形。故made 改为make。
（7）句意：电动汽车的速度是每小时120千米。表达：每小时，要用an hour。故a 改为an。
（8）句意：我认为我们政府要做的事情是采取措施支持电动汽车的生产，鼓励人们使用它。此处是引导主语从句，在主语从句中缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用what。故how改为 what。
（9）句意：我认为我们政府要做的事情是采取措施支持电动汽车的生产，鼓励人们使用它。根据encourage people to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事）可知，应用不定式作宾补。故在use前加to。
（10）句意：如果可能，为了将来使我们的世界更加干净，更加美好，人们应该使用电动汽车。这里表示并列关系，应用and连接。故but 改为and。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及形容词，时态，主谓一致，代词，时态，冠词，主语从句，介词以及连词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
52．【答案】 Time arrangement is an important skill to develop. If your time isn't well managed, your day can be full of demands and interruptions. On the other hand, if your time is well managed, you can get twice the result with half the effort.
To manage your time, first of all, you should spend some time planning your day every morning, listing your tasks in order of importance. Secondly, you should avoid interruptions as much as possible. When you're working on a task, try to focus your time and energy on it and complete it before getting up to do something else.
Follow the suggestions mentioned above, and you will surely make the most out of each day.
【知识点】文字式应用文；半开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生写一篇英语短文参加比赛 。写作背景： 你校英语报将举办一场主题为time management的征文大赛 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）时间管理的重要性。2）如何管理时间。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： If your time isn't well managed, your day can be full of demands and interruptions. 运用了条件状语从句；On the other hand, if your time is well managed, you can get twice the result with half the effort.运用了条件状语从句；To manage your time, first of all, you should spend some time planning your day every morning, listing your tasks in order of importance. 运用了不定式作目的状语； When you're working on a task, try to focus your time and energy on it and complete it before getting up to do something else.运用了时间状语从句，祈使句；Follow the suggestions mentioned above, and you will surely make the most out of each day.运用了固定句式“祈使句+and+简单句”。
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河南省洛阳市伊川县第一高中2022-2023学年高三下学期入学摸底测试英语试题
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读理解
All of us spend a large part of our lives at home—eating, sleeping, relaxing and communicating with our family members. Our home is a shelter for us, away from the noisy, busy, and polluted world outside—a place where we can let down our hair and dress casually. Eco-friendliness(环保) is a hot word today and we all know we should make our environment as eco-friendly as possible. This is not only good for our health, but also good for the outward environment. Here are some easy and helpful tips to make your home eco-friendly.
Kitchen
Plan the kitchen to be bright and airy so that you don't have to turn on the lights at daytime. Don't make wasteful use of the gas. Keep all ingredients for cooking ready before lighting the gas. Turn it to low when not required—always using it on "high" burns a lot of gas.
Indoor plants
Plants are extremely eco-friendly and can be used to make your home look lively. Apart from adding life to home, they give out O2, thus making the air inside fresh. You can keep plants in your home, but be sure to show them some sunlight regularly. Also, if they are kept outside, clean their leaves with a wet cloth, as dust may be added to them. A home decorated with plants looks attractive. Plants are a natural home decorating gift that shows concern about the environment. A green plant is a wonderful gift which will protect the earth and is sure to be appreciated.
Saving water
Most of the time, we take water for granted—we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes. Needless to say, this is a huge waste of natural resources. Try to recycle water. For example, the water used for washing vegetables can be used for watering plants; the soapy water used for washing clothes can be used to clean the bathroom and kitchen.
1．Why is the importance of our home discussed in Paragraph 1
A．To advise us to communicate more with our family members.
B．To show the outside world is noisy and polluted.
C．To advise us to spend more time staying at home.
D．To show it's necessary to make our home eco-friendly.
2．What is advised to be done in the kitchen
A．To open the window. B．To save energy.
C．To prepare simple meals. D．To turn down lights.
3．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean
A．We don't use water frequently.
B．We try our best not to waste water.
C．We don't realize the importance of water.
D．We make full use of water.
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了三种让家庭生态友好的方式。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Our home is a shelter for us, away from the noisy, busy, and polluted world outside — a place where we can let down our hair and dress casually. Eco friendliness is a hot word today and we all know we should make our environment as eco friendly as possible. ”我们的家是我们的温馨港湾，远离喧嚣、忙碌和被污染的外面的世界，一个我们可以随意不管头发和穿着的地方。 生态友好是今天的一个热词，我们都知道我们应该使我们的环境尽可能的生态友好。可知，第一段谈论家的重要性是为了表明我们的家园环保是必要的。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Kitchen部分中的“Plan the kitchen to be bright and airy so that you don't have to turn on the lights at daytime. Don't make wasteful use of the gas. Keep all ingredients for cooking ready before lighting the gas. Turn it to low when not required—always using it on "high" burns a lot of gas.”把厨房规划得明亮通风，这样白天就不用开灯了。 不要浪费汽油。 在点燃煤气灯之前，要把所有做饭用的材料都准备好。 当不需要的时候把它调低——总是在“高”的时候使用它会燃烧很多气体。可知，在厨房里，我们应该节约能源。故选B。
3．考查句义猜测。根据Saving water部分中的“we keep water running while brushing our teeth or washing clothes”我们在刷牙或洗衣服的时候让水一直流着，可知，大多数时候，我们不能意识到水的重要性而节约用水。因此，“we take water for granted”表示我们认为水的存在和使用是理所当然的，即，没有意识到水的重要性。故选C。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读理解
Beginning 2020, the fifth generation of wireless technology is expected to be widely used throughout the world. The new network, called 5G, promises to give faster speeds and a higher capacity for the use of more devices. However, while some companies are competing to be the first to deliver 5G to the consumer, the environmental influences of the new network are being overlooked.
There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to ecosystems. The main component of the 5G network that will affect the earth's ecosystems is the millimeter waves. The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale(规模) before. Studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies.
The millimeter waves, specifically, had a detrimental effect on birds. In a study, researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5~30 minutes, the eggs of sparrows were disfigured. The disfiguration of birds exposed for such a short amount of time to these frequencies(频率) is significant considering that the new 5G network will have a much higher density(浓度) of base stations(small cells) throughout areas needing connection. The potential dangers of having so many small cells all over areas where birds live could threaten their population's survival.
Additionally, it was found that cellular devices were linked to many disturbances in the ecosystems of bees. In this study, beehives exposed for just ten minutes to 900MHz waves fell victim to colony collapse disorder(蜂群崩坏症候群). Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth's ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination(授粉), making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system.
The impact that the cell towers have on birds and bees is important to understand, because all ecosystems of the earth are interconnected. If one component of an ecosystem is disrupted the whole system will be affected.
4．What will probably cause the environmental problems with the wide use of 5G network
A．The lack of the density of base stations.
B．The less mature devices and technologies.
C．The lower capacity for the use of devices.
D．The large amount of use of millimeter waves.
5．Which of the following best explains the underlined word "detrimental" in Paragraph 3
A．Important. B．Unknown. C．Harmful. D．Potential.
6．Why are bees important in the earth's ecosystem
A．They play a key role in food production.
B．They can guide some pollinators to work.
C．They are likely to reduce unpleasant noises.
D．They rid disturbances in the agricultural system.
7．What is the best title for the text
A．Should 5G Be Used in the Future B．The Influence of 5G on Ecosystem
C．The Research on 5G Technologies D．How Can Ecosystem Survive 5G
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了5G网络技术使用的毫米波对环境的破坏，影响了鸟类、蜜蜂等的飞行，从而影响了地球的整个生态系统。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale(规模) before. Studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies.” 用于开发5G网络的毫米波以前从未以如此规模使用过。研究发现，这些新技术造成了一些危害。 可知，5G 网络的问题是大量使用毫米波会影响生态环境。故选D。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“In a study, researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5~30 minutes, the eggs of sparrows were disfigured.” 在一项研究中，研究人员观察到，麻雀的卵在暴露于基站辐射5~30分钟后外形就会被毁。可推断，毫米波对鸟类有不利影响。画线词的意思与harmful“有害的”的意思最为接近。故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth's ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination(授粉), making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system.” 蜜蜂是地球生态系统中极其重要的一部分。今天生产的食物有三分之一依赖蜜蜂授粉，使得蜜蜂成为农业系统的重要组成部分。 可知，蜜蜂可以授粉，所以它们在食物生产过程中起着重要的作用。故选A。
7．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“However，while some companies are competing to be the first to deliver 5G to the consumer, the environmental influences of the new network are being overlooked.” 然而，尽管一些公司正在竞争成为第一个向消费者提供5G的公司，但新网络的环境影响却被忽视了；以及第二段中的“There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to ecosystems.”有证据表明，与5G相关的新设备和技术将对生态系统有害。可知本文主要介绍了 5G 对生态系统的影响。“5G对生态系统的影响”概括较为全面准确。符合语境，故选B。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读理解
72-year-old Darlene Mullins recently graduated from Tennessee State University in Nashville, Tennessee. Darlene left school nearly 55 years ago in the name of love. She was studying at the college and met her husband-to-be, John Mullins, in 1962. The two knew they would marry each other the moment they met. She finished her freshman year with 25 credits and married John in 1963. Her husband graduated in 1964 and began working.
Darlene took care of the household and was a stay-at-home mother to their son and daughter. The family lived in six states over the years, due to John's successful career in business. Darlene eventually began a career in retail as their children grew older. Though she remained busy, she always longed to finish school. She always told her children to make sure they finish what they started and she kind of felt it was time to live up to her own dream.
John was very supportive when she told him she was going back to school. He knew the day would come when she decided to finish her degree. He told her whenever she was ready they would go. The couple moved back to Nashville in 2013 when Darlene re-enrolled. She had to adjust to the technological advances in the classroom, saying that she was determined to finish no matter how long it took. After four years, Darlene graduated with a degree. "I feel like God has given me a second chance," she said. She hopes that her story can inspire others to pursue a degree.
8．Why did Darlene decide to leave university early
A．She was tired of school life. B．She met a boy she loved a lot.
C．Her family was too poor then. D．Her friend John Mullins left her.
9．What happened to Darlene during the 55 years after leaving school
A．Her husband's career failed eventually.
B．The whole family never moved to another city.
C．She often longed to go back to school.
D．Her children advised her to finish school.
10．How did John respond to Darlene's decision to go back to school
A．He did his best to help her.
B．He managed to hold her back.
C．He told her that it was impossible.
D．He asked her to continue her career.
11．What does the author want to tell us
A．Never leave school too early.
B．It's a pity to leave school early.
C．It's often great to put family first.
D．It's never late to return to school.
【答案】8．B
9．C
10．A
11．D
【知识点】细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Darlene虽然早年辍学，但后来重返学校在72岁高龄的时候顺利完成了学业。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
8．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“She was studying at the college and met her husband-to-be, John Mullins, in 1962, The two knew they would marry each other the moment they met. She finished her freshman year with 25 credits and married John in 1963.”她在这所大学学习，1962年认识了她的准丈夫约翰·穆林斯。两人一见面就知道他们会结婚。她以25学分完成了大一学业，并于1963年与约翰结婚。可知，在大学第一年Darlene遇到了 John Mullins并与他一见钟情，两人很快就结婚了以及in the name of love，故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Darlene took care of the household and was a stay-at-home mother to their son and daughter. The family lived in six states over the years, due to John's successful career in business. Darlene eventually began a career in retail as their children grew older. Though she remained busy, she always longed to finish school. She always told her children to make sure they finish what they started and she kind of felt it was time to live up to her own dream.”达琳照顾家庭，是他们儿子和女儿的全职妈妈。多年来，由于约翰在商业上的成功，他们一家住在六个州。随着他们的孩子长大，达琳最终开始了零售业的职业生涯。尽管她仍然很忙，但她总是渴望完成学业。她总是告诉她的孩子们要确保他们完成他们开始的工作，她觉得是时候实现自己的梦想了。可知，虽然一直忙忙碌碌，但Darlene从来都没有放弃过要完成学业的梦想，希望回校学习。故选C。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Though she remained busy, she always longed to finish school”.和第三段“John was very supportive when she told him she was going back to school....He told her whenever she was ready they would go.”尽管她仍然很忙，但她总是渴望完成学业”。和第三段“当她告诉约翰她要回学校时，约翰非常支持她……他告诉她，只要她准备好了，他们就会去。可知，John知道妻子多年以来的心愿是完成学业，所以当她提出重返学校时，他告诉妻子随时都可以去。故选A。
11．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了Darlene虽然早年辍学，但后来重返学校在72岁高龄的时候顺利完成了学业，这说明一个人无论在什么时候重返学校都是不晚的。故选D。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读理解
Innovation(创新) comes from environments where ideas can connect. So what kind of environment does an epidemic(传染病) create when it comes to quickening innovation This is the very question a new information chart from Top Masters looks to answer. According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history. This is a timely report because people are coming up with some innovative ideas to address many of the challenges brought on by COVID-19.
As epidemics go, the Black Death of the 1300% was extremely shocking. The plague(瘟疫) as it is also known, wiped out up to 60% of the population in Europe. According to the report, it was responsible for changing the economic and social structure of Europe and the creation of a middle class.
There were other outbreaks of the plague in England later on. In 1592, London faced an outbreak that shut down theaters for six months, This led Shakespeare to start writing poetry to make a living. And it was during this time that he wrote Venus and Adonis, and The Rape of Lucre. Another plague in 1606 also closed the theatres in London, and this time Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth.
In the US, the Boston smallpox epidemic of 1721 led to the spread of variolation (天花接种) which was responsible for reducing the death rate from 14% to2%, as well as the first steps towards vaccines.
COVID-19 is causing serious damage around the world. And although the death rate is nowhere close, the economic impact has been overwhelming. On the negative side, it has highlighted may of the shortcoming in the healthcare industry as nurses and doctors battled virus unfortunately underequipped.
With increased connectivity and technology, innovators around the world have responded by making the equipment that healthcare workers desperately need Today's innovators are addressing ventilator(呼吸机) shortages by using 3D printers and designing simpler ventilators; companies are making washable and reusable masks; app are tracking the virus and fighting the spread of misinformation.
12．What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A．Epidemics can promote creative ideas.
B．Creative ideas can influence epidemics.
C．Innovation exists in any environment.
D．Epidemics have more negative effects on the environment.
13．According to the passage what effect did epidemics have in history
A．The death rate was decreased.
B．European economy was improved.
C．Shakespeare changed his writing focus.
D．The Boston smallpox killed 14% of the population.
14．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．The COVID- 19 will soon be wiped out.
B．Medical workers are making equipment.
C．Healthcare equipment has been made in large quantities.
D．Innovators rely on technology to solve medical problems.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Epidemics Speed Up Innovation B．Innovation Changes the Economy
C．Epidemics Damage the Environment D．Innovators Prevent COVID-19
【答案】12．A
13．C
14．D
15．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了传染病可以促进创造性想法，并结合历史上传染病暴发对社会结构、文学人物以及疫苗研制几个方面进行了说明。如今面对新冠疫情，创新者依靠技术解决医疗问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history.”根据该报告，尽管历史上流行病的悲剧性影响，但仍有突破性的创新。可推知，传染病可以促进创造性想法。故选A。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“In 1592, London faced an outbreak that shut down theaters for six months, This led Shakespeare to start writing poetry to make a living. And it was during this time that he wrote Venus and Adonis, and The Rape of Lucre. Another plague in 1606 also closed the theatres in London, and this time Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth.”1592年，伦敦爆发了一场疫情，导致剧院关闭了6个月，这导致莎士比亚开始写诗谋生。正是在这段时间里，他写了《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》和《强暴财主》。1606年的另一场瘟疫也关闭了伦敦的剧院，这一次莎士比亚创作了《李尔王》和《麦克白》。可知，传染病在历史上的影响有让莎士比亚改变了他的写作重点。故选C。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“With increased connectivity and technology, innovators around the world have responded by making the equipment that healthcare workers desperately need. Today's innovators are addressing ventilator(呼吸机) shortages by using 3D printers and designing simpler ventilators; companies are making washable and reusable masks; app are tracking the virus and fighting the spread of misinformation.”随着连通性和技术的提高，世界各地的创新者们纷纷响应，制造出医护人员急需的设备。今天的创新者们正在通过使用3D打印机和设计更简单的呼吸机来解决呼吸机短缺的问题；公司正在制造可清洗和可重复使用的口罩；应用程序正在跟踪病毒并打击错误信息的传播。可知，创新者依靠技术解决医疗问题。故选D。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Innovation(创新) comes from environments where ideas can connect. So what kind of environment does an epidemic(传染病) create when it comes to quickening innovation This is the very question a new information chart from Top Masters looks to answer. According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history.”创新来自于思想能够相互联系的环境。那么，传染病在加速创新方面创造了什么样的环境呢？这正是来自顶级大师的新信息图要回答的问题。根据该报告，尽管历史上传染病造成了悲惨的后果，但仍出现了突破性的创新。结合文章主要说明了传染病可以促进创造性想法，并结合历史上传染病暴发对社会结构、文学人物以及疫苗研制几个方面进行了说明。如今面对新冠疫情，创新者依靠技术解决医疗问题。可推知“传染病加速创新”最符合文章标题。故选A。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tourism has its benefits, but there are disadvantages as well. While it stimulates(刺激) the local economy and creates jobs, many cities see destruction to landmarks and disruption of citizens' daily lives.
If you've ever visited a large city or famous site, there's no doubt you've seen the marks left behind by tourists. 16　16． 　. The attractions vary from the Luxor Temple in Egypt to the Colosseum in Rome and the ancient Buddhist grottoes in China. Whether it's a visitor's initials, a date or a phrase, the message is one of disrespect.
　17． 　. The litter left behind by visitors can be astonishing. Every year people who visit Mount Qomolangma leave behind a trail of plastic bottles and other trash. In the US, people flock to New Orleans for Mardi Gras celebrations, and in their wake, so much garbage is left behind that it takes the city weeks to recover.
Even if tourists act responsibly, the number of visitors alone presents a risk. 18　18． 　. Reefs attractions can be permanently damaged.
Other negative effects of tourism may not be as evident. Tourists may visit a popular destination with little or no regard for those who call it home. 19　19． 　. Visitors who don't respect local traditions and culture only lessen the value of the experience, not to mention cast future tourists in a negative light.
Tourism most definitely has its advantages, of course, economic and otherwise. There is nothing greater than experiencing a new place, people or culture firsthand. 　20． 　.
A. Tourism can cause damage to local environment and culture as well.
B. People have defaced (损坏外观) historical sites around the world.
C. Some tourists even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damage the balance of the natural environment.
D. Sometimes they may act rudely to residents or simply not observing community rules.
E. Ancient structures suffer increased wear and tear due to large crowds.
F. In addition to graffiti (涂鸦), tourism can cause environmental damage.
G. But to protect this privilege, we must show that we are respectful and appreciative rather than destructive.
【答案】16．B；17．F；18．E；19．D；20．G
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们在旅游的时候必须表现出我们是尊重和感激的，而不是破坏性的。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“If you’ve ever visited a large city or famous site, there's no doubt you’ve seen the marks left behind by tourists”如果你去过大城市或著名景点，毫无疑问你会看到游客留下的痕迹；以及空后“The attractions vary from the Luxor Temple in Egypt to the Colosseum in Rome and the ancient Buddhist grottoes in China.”从埃及的卢克索神庙到罗马的罗马斗兽场，再到中国的古代佛教石窟，景点各不相同。可知，空处承上启下，说明世界各地的历史遗迹遭到破坏。B项中的 “People have defaced (损坏外观) historical sites” 与上一句的“ marks”呼应。B. People have defaced (损坏外观) historical sites around the world.“人们在世界各地损毁历史遗迹。”符合语境。故选B。
17．根据空后“The litter left behind by visitors can be astonishing. Every year people who visit Mount Qomolangma leave behind a trail of plastic bottles and other trash.”游客留下的垃圾令人吃惊。每年参观珠穆朗玛峰的人都会留下一串塑料瓶和其他垃圾。可知，本段主要讲述的是环境破坏。F. In addition to graffiti (涂鸦), tourism can cause environmental damage.“除了涂鸦，旅游也会造成环境破坏。”符合语境。故选F。
18．根据空前“Even if tourists act responsibly, the number of visitors alone presents a risk.”即使游客的行为是负责任的，游客的数量本身就存在风险。可知，游客数量多，本身就是一种威胁。E项中的 large crowds 对应“游客数量”，陈述由于大量的游客造成古代建筑物遭受到越来越多的磨损和破坏。 E. Ancient structures suffer increased wear and tear due to large crowds. “由于人群众多，古代建筑的磨损加剧。”符合语境，故选E。
19．根据空前“Other negative effects of tourism may not be as evident.”旅游业的其他负面影响可能并不明显。可知，这个自然段谈论的是旅游业带来的其他不明显的消极影响；“Tourists may visit a popular destination with little or no regard for those who call it home.”游客可能会去一个热门景点，很少或根本不考虑那些称之为家的人；以及空后“Visitors who don’t respect local traditions and culture only lessen the value of the experience, not to mention cast future tourists in a negative light.”不尊重当地传统和文化的游客只会降低体验的价值，更不用说给未来的游客带来负面影响。可知，空处说明的是游客对当地风俗和文化的不尊重。D. Sometimes they may act rudely to residents or simply not observing community rules.“有时他们可能对居民行为粗鲁，或者根本不遵守社区规则。”符合语境。故选D。
20．根据空前“Tourism most definitely has its advantages, of course, economic and otherwise. There is nothing greater than experiencing a new place, people or culture firsthand.”旅游业当然有它的优势，经济上的和其他方面的。没有什么比亲身体验一个新的地方、新的人和新的文化更棒的了。可知，这是全文的最后一句话，再次阐述作者观点，呼吁人们旅游时要“尊重和保护”，而不是带来“破坏”。G. But to protect this privilege, we must show that we are respectful and appreciative rather than destructive“但是为了保护这一特权，我们必须表现出我们是尊重和感激的，而不是破坏性的。”符合语境。故选G。
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It's fortunate for children to have siblings (兄弟姐妹) accompanying them. And the kids would be luckier to have a brother as 21． as Christian Hamerter. The 11-year-old boy, attended a father-daughter dance with his 7-year-old sister Skylar after finding Skylar was 22． by their dad.
In the days leading up to the 23． in March, it was all Skylar was 24． for, talking about it all day. On the other hand, her mom Trelysia felt more and more 25． . At this time of year, their father is always fully 26． in official duties . He didn't attend last year's dance due to a conference, 27． having made a promise. Then, she was right to be worried. On the big day, 28． , their father was sent abroad for business. "It was 29． that he failed to go there for a second year. Skylar 30． because she had her heart set on going. "Trelysia wrote in a 31． . " I felt so bad and also cried uncontrollably. "
That's when Christian 32． ! The big brother wanted his sister to feel loved and special. And he picked out a suit and gold tie, a perfect 33． for Skylar's gold dress. "The action filled me with 34． the mother wrote, "for I just know that I'm 35． a kind man—and an amazing father one day. He has 36． that he can be." Skylar had a great time with Christian there without her dad's 37． . Even better, now she knows her brother would always come to her 38． .
The post warmed hearts of the people it 39． and picked up more than 110, 000 reactions 40． the sweet gesture.
21．A．enthusiastic B．generous C．considerate D．intelligent
22．A．left behind B．misunderstood C．set apart D．cheated
23．A．resulte B．event C．opportunity D．scene
24．A．concerned B．competent C．ready D．eager
25．A．anxiety B．curiosity C．satisfaction D．confusion
26．A．caught B．skilled C．occupied D．disappointed
27．A．since B．ase C．without D．despite
28．A．worse still B．as usual C．sure enough D．for example
29．A．unexpectede B．uncertain C．unquestioned D．unlikely
30．A．complainede B．wept C．argued D．apologized
31．A．magazine B．diary C．booke D．post
32．A．moved on B．stepped forward
C．took off D．backed away
33．A．substitute B．match C．symbol D．demand
34．A．relief B．appreciation C．pride D．confidence
35．A．seeking B．changing C．affecting D．raising
36．A．proved B．promised C．agreed D．explained
37．A．wish B．practice C．assistance D．company
38．A．rescuee B．noticed C．knowledge D．defences
39．A．united B．reached C．convinced D．informed
40．A．evaluating B．instructing C．praising D．recording
【答案】21．C；22．A；23．B；24．D；25．A；26．C；27．D；28．C；29．C；30．B；31．D；32．B；33．B；34．C；35．D；36．A；37．D；38．A；39．B；40．C
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Skylar 的爸爸答应去参加她的“父女之舞”舞会，但是爸 爸那天刚好要出差。她11岁的哥哥 Christian Hamerter 站出来代替爸爸陪妹妹参加舞会，让妹妹在舞会上玩的开心。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：孩子们要是有个像 Christian Hamerter这么体贴的哥哥就更幸运了。A. enthusiastic“热情的，热心的”； B. generous“ 慷慨的，大方的”；C. considerate“体贴的”；D. intelligent“聪明的”。根据下文“The 11-year-old boy, attended a father-daughter dance with his 7-year-old sister Skylar ”11岁的哥哥陪同7岁的妹妹参加了父女舞会。可得知：哥哥对妹妹很体贴。故选C。
22．句意：这个11岁的男孩，在发现Skylar 被父亲留下，未参加舞会后，和他7岁的妹妹 Skylar 一起参加了父女舞会。 A. left behind“留下”；B. misunderstood“误解”；C. set apart“使与众不同”；D. cheated“欺骗”。根据下文“On the big day, 8 , his father was sent abroad on business.”可知，父亲被外派国外出差，所以不能去参加舞会，也就留下了妹妹。故选A。
23．句意：在三月活动的前几天，这是 Skylar 一直渴望的，她整天都在谈论这件事。A. result“结果”；B. event“事情”；C. opportunity“机会”；D. scene“场景，景象”。根据上文，哥哥带着妹妹参加了父女舞会，所以此处指的就是舞会这件事，故选B。
24．句意：在三月活动的前几天，这是 Skylar 一直渴望的，她整天都在谈论这件事。A. concerned“关心的”；B. competent“有能力的，能胜任的”；C. ready“现成的，准备好的”；D. eager“渴望的”。根据空后“talking about it all day”可知，对这次舞会，妹妹是渴望的。故选D。
25．句意：另一方面，她妈妈 Trelysia 越来越忧虑。A. anxiety“忧虑”； B. curiosity“好奇心”；C. satisfaction“满意”；D. confusion“困惑”。根据下文“she was right to be worried.她的担心是对的”可知，此处表示妈妈对此很忧虑。故选A。
26．句意：每年这个时候，他们的父亲总是忙于公务。A. caught “被抓的”；B. skilled“熟练的”；C. occupied“被占用的”； D. disappointed“失望的”。根据下文“He didn’t attend last year's dance due to a conference”他去年因为一个会议没有参加舞会，可知，他是忙于工作。故选C。
27．句意：他去年因为一个会议没有参加舞会，尽管已经答应了。A. since“自从”； B. as“作为”；C. without “没有”； D. despite“尽管”。根据下文“It was 9 that he failed to go there for a second year.”这是他又一次不能去参加舞会，尽管父亲答应要参加这次舞会的。故选D。
28．句意：果真，在那个重要的日子里，他的父亲被派往国外出差。A. worse still “更为糟糕的是”； B. as usual“和往常一样”；C. sure enough “果然，果真”；D. for example“例如”。根据上文“At this time of year, their father is always fully 6 in official duties”可知每年的这个时候父亲都是忙于工作，因而，果真此次又被派去出差。故选C。
29．句意：毫无疑问，这是他又一次不能去参加舞会。A. unexpected“意料之外的”； B. uncertain“不确定的”； C. unquestioned “毫无疑问的，无可争议的”；D. unlikely“不可能的”。根据上文“his father was sent abroad on business”，他的父亲被派到国外出差，可知此处不能参加舞会是确定无疑的，故选C。
30．句意：Skylar 哭了，因为她一心想去参加舞会。 A. complained“埋怨”； B. wept“流泪，哭泣”；C. argued“争论，争辩”； D. apologized“道歉”。根据下文“I felt so bad and also cried uncontrollably.” 我感觉很糟糕，也控制不住地哭了。可知，此处表示Skylar哭了。故选B。
31．句意：Trelysia 在一个帖子中写道，“我感觉很糟糕，也控制不住地哭了。”A. magazine“杂志”； B. diary“日记”；C. book “书”；D. post“帖子，博文”。根据下文“The post warmed hearts of the people”这封帖子温暖了人们的心，可知此处，Trelysia是在帖子中写到。故选D。
32．句意：那时候 Christian 站出来了。 A. moved on“继续前进”； B. stepped forward“ 站出来”；C. took off“脱掉”； D. backed away“后退”。根据下文“The big brother wanted his sister to feel loved and special.”大哥哥想让妹妹感到被爱和特别。以及接下来哥哥得一系列举动，可知，哥哥扮演了父亲的角色，所以，此处表示哥哥Christian走上前来。故选B。
33．句意：他选了一套西装和一条金色领带，和 Skylar 的金色裙子完美搭配。A. substitute“替代”；B. match“匹配”； C. symbol“标志”； D. demand“要求”。根据语境，哥哥得穿着和妹妹的裙子是完美搭配的。故选B。
34．句意：这个行为让我感到自豪。 A. relief “宽慰，欣慰”；B. appreciation “感激”；C. pride “骄傲”；D. confidence“信心”。根据空后“the mother wrote, ‘for 1 just know that I’m 15 _ a kind man──and an amazing father one day.’”某一天，儿子会成为一位令人惊讶的父亲，可知，此处儿子的举动是让妈妈感到很骄傲。故选C。
35．句意：母亲写道，“我只知道，我养育了一个善良的人，和一个令人惊奇的父亲。 A. seeking“搜寻，寻找”；B. changing“改变”； C. affecting“影响”； D. raising“养育”。根据空后“an amazing father one day”某一天儿子会成为一个令人惊讶的父亲，可知，现在作为母亲，是在养育着这样一个善良的儿子。故选D。
36．句意：他已经证明了他可以。 A. proved“证明” ；B. promised “承诺，答应”；C. agreed “同意”；D. explained“解释”。根据下文“Skylar had a great time with Christian there without her dad's 17 .”没有父亲陪同，Skylar和Christian在舞会上玩的很开心。可知，儿子代替父亲陪妹妹去参加舞会是成功的，这充分证明了儿子的爱，故选A。
37．句意：没有父亲陪同，Skylar和Christian在舞会上玩的很开心。A. wish“祝愿”； B. practice“练习，实践”；C. assistance“帮助”； D. company“陪伴”。根据上文，因为父亲被派到国外出差，儿子代替父亲陪妹妹去参加了舞会，所以是父亲没有陪同。故选D。
38．句意：更好的是，现在她知道，她哥哥总会来救她。A. rescue“营救”；B. notice“通知”； C. knowledge “知识”； D. defense“保卫”。根据子语境可知，此处表示妹妹Skylar感受到哥哥Christians是在她有困难时求救的对象，come to sb's rescue固定短语，“ 挽救（搭救）某人”，故选A。
39．句意：这条微博温暖了转发者的心，收到了超过11万条对这一甜蜜举动赞扬的回应。 A. united“联合”；B. reached “到达”；C. convinced“使信服”； D. informed“告知”。根据语境，妈妈是把这件事情发到了网络上，任何人都可以读到。所以此处表示网上看到这个帖子的人。故选B。
40．句意：这条微博温暖了转发者的心，收到了超过11万条对这一甜蜜举动赞扬的回应。 A. evaluating“评价”；B. instructing “指导”；C. praising“赞美”；D. recording“录制”。根据语境，妈妈发帖到网络上使许多人看到了哥哥对妹妹的爱。这份爱是被赞扬的。故选C。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese TV drama Awakening Age, which narrates the story of how the Communist Party of China(CPC) 　41． 　(found) in 1921, ended several months ago, but it remains a hot topic on social media, 　42． 　 the discussion shows that it has played a positive role in educating young people about China's revolutionary history.
The TV series 　43． 　 (celebrate) this year's 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC has won high praise online. The stories of the young people in the drama - who devoted everything, even their lives, 　44． 　 the revolution- have touched a large number of viewers. The storytelling in the show has also been praised by viewers for successfully showing the 　45． 　 (deep) of the CPC's history and spirit, as well as the warmth of China and every family in the country.
Many audiences were inspired to find background information about the series and commented that this is their first time 　46． 　 (learn) the history about the founding of the Party and the country. "I read many of Lu Xun's novels such as A Madman's Diary when I was in elementary school, 　47． 　 I couldn't understand why he wrote them or the angry feelings hiding in the characters. After watching the drama, I read 　48． 　 (they) again and found that I can now understand 　49． 　 they wanted to convey to readers," said Li Lin, 　50． 　 18-year-old viewer.
【答案】41．was founded；42．where；43．celebrating；44．to；45．depth；46．to learn；47．but；48．them；49．what；50．an
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《觉醒年代》这部电视剧及其影响。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，定语从句，非谓语动词，介词，名词，连词，代词宾语从句，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：讲述中国共产党如何在1921年成立的故事的中国电视剧《觉醒时代》在几个月前结束了，但它仍然是社交媒体上的热门话题，讨论表明它在教育年轻人关于中国革命史方面发挥了积极作用。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，found和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为专有名词，故填was founded。
42．句意：讲述中国共产党如何在1921年成立的故事的中国电视剧《觉醒时代》在几个月前结束了，但它仍然是社交媒体上的热门话题，讨论表明它在教育年轻人关于中国革命史方面发挥了积极作用。 the discussion shows that it has played a positive role in educating young people about China's revolutionary history 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为social media，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
43．句意：这部庆祝今年中国共产党成立100周年的电视剧在网上赢得了高度评价。celebrate和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语，故填celebrating。
44．句意：剧中的年轻人为革命献出了切，甚至他们的生命，他们的故事感动了大量的观众。devote to固定短语，“致力于”，故填to。
45．句意：该剧的叙事方式也受到观众的好评，因为它成功地展现了中国共产党历史和精神的深度，以及中国和每个家庭的温暖。作宾语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词，故填depth。
46．句意：许多观众受到启发，查找了该剧的背景信息，并表示这是他们第一次了解党和国家的成立历史。序数词后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to learn。
47．句意：我读了很多鲁迅的小说，如《狂人日记》，当我在小学的时候，但我不明白为什么他写他们或隐藏在人物的愤怒的感情。前后是转折关系，所以用but连接，故填but。
48．句意："我读了很多鲁迅的小说，如个疯子的日记，当我在小学的时候，但我不明白为什么他写他们或隐藏在人物的愤怒的感情。看完这部剧后，我又读了一遍，发现我现在能够理解它们想要传达给读者的信息。"18岁的观众李琳(音译)说。作宾语，所以用宾格代词，故填them。
49．句意："我读了很多鲁迅的小说，如个疯子的日记，当我在小学的时候，但我不明白为什么他写他们或隐藏在人物的愤怒的感情。看完这部剧后，我又读了一遍，发现我现在能够理解它们想要传达给读者的信息。"18岁的观众李琳(音译)说。引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示"什么，故填what。
50．句意："我读了很多鲁迅的小说，如一个疯子的日记，当我在小学的时候，但我不明白为什么他写他们或隐藏在人物的愤怒的感情。看完这部剧后，我又读了一遍，发现我现在能够理解它们想要传达给读者的信息。"18岁的观众李琳(音译)说。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，18-year-old是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
五、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51．（2023高三下·伊川开学考） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
With the rapidly development of modern science and technology, there is more and more kinds of electric cars coming into our lives and becoming popular.
Electric cars have much advantages. Firstly, they are energy-saving and environmentally friendly. We don't pollute the air because of they use electricity instead of petrol. Secondly, it is easy and safe to drive electric cars. In addition, they made little noise when they are running. Last but not least, electric cars can go at a speed of 120 kilometers a hour. And on one charge, they can go as far as 160 kilometers.
In my opinion, how our government should do is to take action to support the production of electric cars and encourage people use them. If possible, people should use electric cars in order to make our world cleaner but better in the future.
【答案】①rapidly →rapid ②is →are ③much →many ④We →They ⑤删除because of中的of ⑥a →an ⑦how →what ⑧use前加to ⑨use前加to ⑩but →and
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电动汽车的优点。
（1）句意：随着科学技术的发展，许多不同种类的电动汽车进入到我们的生活，变得很受欢迎。修饰名词development要用形容词。故rapidly 改为rapid。
（2）句意：随着科学技术的发展，许多不同种类的电动汽车进入到我们的生活，变得很受欢迎。主语 more and more kinds of electric cars是复数，且为一般现在时，be动词应用are。故 is 改为are。
（3）句意：电动汽车有许多优点。修饰可数名词复数，要用many。故much改为 many。
（4）句意：电动汽车不污染空气，因为它们使用电而不是石油。此处指电动汽车。故We 改为They。
（5）句意：电动汽车不污染空气，因为它们使用电而不是石油。此处表示原因，后跟一个完整的句子，要用连词because 。故删除because of中的of。
（6）句意：此外，电动汽车运行时也几乎没有噪音。此处陈述一种事实，要用一般现在时，主语they是复数，谓语动词用原形。故made 改为make。
（7）句意：电动汽车的速度是每小时120千米。表达：每小时，要用an hour。故a 改为an。
（8）句意：我认为我们政府要做的事情是采取措施支持电动汽车的生产，鼓励人们使用它。此处是引导主语从句，在主语从句中缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用what。故how改为 what。
（9）句意：我认为我们政府要做的事情是采取措施支持电动汽车的生产，鼓励人们使用它。根据encourage people to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事）可知，应用不定式作宾补。故在use前加to。
（10）句意：如果可能，为了将来使我们的世界更加干净，更加美好，人们应该使用电动汽车。这里表示并列关系，应用and连接。故but 改为and。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及形容词，时态，主谓一致，代词，时态，冠词，主语从句，介词以及连词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
六、书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）你校英语报将举办一场主题为time management的征文大赛，请你写一篇英语短文参加比赛，内容包括：
1）时间管理的重要性。
2）如何管理时间。
注意:
1）词数100左右。
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】 Time arrangement is an important skill to develop. If your time isn't well managed, your day can be full of demands and interruptions. On the other hand, if your time is well managed, you can get twice the result with half the effort.
To manage your time, first of all, you should spend some time planning your day every morning, listing your tasks in order of importance. Secondly, you should avoid interruptions as much as possible. When you're working on a task, try to focus your time and energy on it and complete it before getting up to do something else.
Follow the suggestions mentioned above, and you will surely make the most out of each day.
【知识点】文字式应用文；半开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生写一篇英语短文参加比赛 。写作背景： 你校英语报将举办一场主题为time management的征文大赛 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）时间管理的重要性。2）如何管理时间。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： If your time isn't well managed, your day can be full of demands and interruptions. 运用了条件状语从句；On the other hand, if your time is well managed, you can get twice the result with half the effort.运用了条件状语从句；To manage your time, first of all, you should spend some time planning your day every morning, listing your tasks in order of importance. 运用了不定式作目的状语； When you're working on a task, try to focus your time and energy on it and complete it before getting up to do something else.运用了时间状语从句，祈使句；Follow the suggestions mentioned above, and you will surely make the most out of each day.运用了固定句式“祈使句+and+简单句”。
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