Unit 1 When was it invented综合素质评价（含解析）

Unit 1 When was it invented 综合素质评价
限时: 60分钟 满分: 100分
一、完形填空(每小题1.5 分，共15 分)
Spacesuits don’t just make astronauts look cool. Without these 1.________ suits, astronauts wouldn’t be able to leave their spaceship. That is to say, they wouldn’t be able to 2.________ on the Moon or work outside the International Space Station.
Space is a 3. ________ place for human beings. Firstly, there is no air to breathe. Secondly, space also has high levels of radiation (辐射) that can pass through our bodies and make us 4. ________. Thirdly, some parts of space are really cold 5.________ other parts are very hot. So astronauts could die in a few seconds, if they 6. ________outside their spaceship without their suits. With a spacesuit, though, astronauts can move around in space for several hours.
Spacesuits keep astronauts 7. ________ sealed (密封的) inside. A backpack sends O2 in to let astronauts breathe normally. At the same time, the CO2 8. ________ astronauts breathe out is sucked away. The suit also protects them from harmful radiation and fast-moving space dust. 9. ________ the spacesuit is another suit that looks like a pair of tight pajamas (睡衣) with little pipes running through them. Water runs through these pipes to 10. ________ astronauts because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot!
1. A. private B. special C. plastic D. expensive
2. A. run B. walk C. live D. surf
3. A. funny B. natural C. beautiful D. dangerous
4. A. sick B. bored C. strong D. relaxed
5. A. after B. since C. before D. while
6. A. rushed B. jumped C. stepped D. escaped
7. A. safely B. quickly C. quietly D. terribly
8. A. who B. this C. that D. whether
9. A. Above B. Under C. Behind D. Between
10. A. wash away B. warm up C. cool off D. clean out
二、阅读理解(每小题2 分，共20 分)
A <创新点·材料新>[2022·广元改编]
Can you imagine a cloud floating in the middle of your room Do you want to know what it feels like to fly like a bird Here, we have picked out four interesting inventions to share with you.
Talking Gloves
Four foreign students have created a pair of gloves, and it helps people to communicate with people who have hearing and speaking problems. The gloves are equipped with sensors (传感器). They recognize sign language and translate it into text on a smartphone. Then the smartphone changes the text to spoken words. Thus you can understand sign language easily.
Google Glasses
Google Glasses are like a computer built into a pair of glasses. Then the glasses allow you to surf the Internet and make calls without even lifting a finger. The glasses also have a camera and a GPS mapping system. Users can take and share photos, check maps and surf the Internet just by looking up, down, left and right.
Indoor Clouds
That’s a real world. An artist, Smilde managed to create a small but perfect white cloud in the middle of a room using a fog machine. But it required careful planning — the temperature, humidity (湿度) and lighting all had to be just right. The cloud only lasted for a short while, though.
Wingsuits
The suit realizes your dream of flying like a bird. Well, not exactly flying, but gliding (滑翔) through the air. It increases the surface area of the human body, which makes it easier for people to float in the air. Fliers wearing wingsuits can glide one kilometer in about 30 seconds.
11. What do “Talking Gloves” help people to understand
A. Spoken words. B. Sign language.
C. Written words. D. The text on the smartphone.
12. How can users of “Google Glasses” surf the Internet
A. By speaking to the glasses. B. By tapping the keyboard.
C. By lifting a finger. D. By moving the eyeballs.
13. How did the artist create a white cloud in the room
A. With a fog machine.
B. With right temperature.
C. With a fog machine and careful planning.
D. With a fog machine and right lighting.
14. Which of the following can help you fly
A. Talking Gloves. B. Wingsuits.
C. Google Glasses. D. Indoor Clouds.
15. What’s the best title of the passage
A. Four Interesting Inventions B. Four Famous Inventions
C. The Advantages of Four Inventions D. Four Dreams of the Future
B [2022·铜仁改编]
As a traditional and meaningful board game, Weiqi was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago and it is still played until today.
The playing pieces are called stones. One player uses the white stones and the other, black. The players take turns to play the stones on the game board. As we know, the board surface has 361 cross points. The stones are placed on them.
Weiqi is also called Go in the world. Learning it can not only improve people’s logical thinking ability, but it can also develop their calm character. That’s why it is more and more popular with modern people.
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Weiqi traveled to Japan, and then to Europe in the 19th century. Now it has grown into an international competition event. So far, people from over 40 countries have played it. Among them, players from China, Japan and South Korea have the highest level of Weiqi.
On February 19, Chinese-English Dictionary of Weiqi Terms (术语) came out in Beijing. It’s the first professional dictionary about Weiqi in China. As a symbol of Chinese culture, Weiqi has its special language. It also has its own way of thinking and the method of communicating. The dictionary will serve as a necessary tool and bridge for spreading Weiqi culture.
16. When was Weiqi invented in China
A. About 800 BC. B. About 480 BC.
C. About 480 AD. D. About 500 AD.
17. What does the underlined word “pieces” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese
A. 碎片 B. 棋子 C. 零件 D. 条/ 块
18. According to the passage, Weiqi can improve people’s _______.
A. logical thinking ability B. language ability
C. physical ability D. writing ability
19. From the passage, we can learn that _______.
A. Weiqi’s board surface has 360 cross points
B. Weiqi traveled to Japan and Europe in the Qing Dynasty
C. Chinese-English Dictionary of Weiqi Terms is the only professional dictionary
D. Weiqi is a symbol of Chinese culture
20. What is the best title of the passage
A. The History of Weiqi B. The Development of Weiqi
C. An Introduction of Weiqi D. The Methods of Playing Weiqi
三、词汇运用(每小题2 分，共10 分)
根据句意及所给提示填空。
21. [2022·泰安新泰期中] Only a few leaves r on the tree after the strong wind last night.
22. [2022·安徽改编] The Internet offers special ways of communication in our
d life.
23. [2023·泰安第十一中学月考] —Could you do me a favor and take the box up to the sixth floor
—With p .
24. [2023·泰安新泰期中] It is a song for __________ (英雄) who fight against something bad.
25. The restaurant offers good service to all __________ (顾客).
四、[2023·成都第一次阶段性检测] 短文填空(每小题1 分，共10 分)
用方框中所给词的适当形式完成短文。(其中有两个词为多余)
create, expect, grow, important, lose, fail, physics, quick, show, student, succeed, they
Some students at White Cloud Primary School became the world’s first kids to be “taught” by an electronic teacher. This electronic teacher is a computer-created head that appears, when needed, on 26. __________ computers or phone screens. His name is Bill. Bill teaches a special program about environment-friendly power 27.__________ by the sun and wind. This program, started in 2005, used to be taught by human teachers.
Just like human teachers, Bill is able to 28. __________ respond (回应) to the students’ questions and opinions. Thanks to computer cameras, he is also able to see and react (反应) to students’ 29. __________ actions. For example, if a student smiles at Bill, he smiles back. This two-way exchange helps get the students’ attention. 30.__________, it allows the program developers to improve Bill’s behavior and knowledge base (库) when needed.
The program has been a great 31. __________ according to Smart Machines spokesman Robert Frost. “What is interesting to me is the students’ reaction to Bill. He really draws 32. __________ attention.” Frost thinks kids don’t find the experience of being taught by smart machines as strange as older people because they 33. __________ up in a time of computers and smartphones.
It is doubtful that human educators 34. __________ their jobs in the future, because even the smartest computer programs can’t guess and react to all the 35.__________ situations. Bill’s future might be as a “personal tutor (导师)”, providing kids with one-on-one help for different subjects and topics.
五、阅读表达(每小题2.5 分，共15 分)
阅读下面的短文, 并根据短文后的要求答题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)
Do you know Laszlo Biro Maybe you do not, but you probably use his invention every day, and you may even have the invention in your hand right now!
Biro (1899-1985) was the inventor of the ballpoint pen. He was born ①________ Budapest, Hungary. In the 1930s, when he worked as a newspaper editor (编辑), he used a fountain pen almost every day. However, he had to refill ②_______ all the time. The ink did not dry easily, and it sometimes made a mess on the paper. Biro wanted a better pen. His brother, Georg, helped him develop a special ink. The ink dried easily. Then they developed a new type ③_______ pen. There was a tiny ball at the tip of the pen. The ball rolled ink onto the paper as it moved. They called it the “ballpoint” pen.
The ballpoint pen was a great success. Everyone loves it. Now millions of people use it all over the world every day.
People will always remember Biro for his invention. Today in many English-speaking countries, people still use the word “biro” to refer to any kind of ballpoint pen.
36. What did Biro invent (Not more than 3 words)
_________________________________________________________________
37. What did Biro use almost every day when he worked as a newspaper editor (Not more than 3 words )
_________________________________________________________________
38. What did Biro’s brother, Georg, help him develop (Not more than 3 words)
_________________________________________________________________
39. Fill in each blank in the passage with a proper word.
①_________________ ②_________________ ③_________________
40. Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese.
_________________________________________________________________
41. Do you think the ballpoint pen is a great success Why (Not more than 25 words)
_________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达(30 分)
根据下面表格内容写一篇文章。
要求：70 词左右。
Inventions When Who Be used for
abacus (算盘) in the sixth century Chinese people counting
potato chips in 1853 George Crum eating
tea about five thousand years ago the Chinese Emperor Shen Nong drinking
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Unit 1 综合素质评价
【答案及点拨】
一、【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宇航服的作用。
1. B 【点拨】考查形容词。从下文“astronauts wouldn’t be able to leave their spaceship”可知, 没有宇航服, 宇航员将不能离开宇宙飞船。由此推知, 宇航服是特别的。special 意为“特别的”。故选B。
2. B 【点拨】用句意理解法。也就是说, 没有宇航服, 宇航员就不能在月球上行走也不能在外面的国际空间站工作。walk 意为“行走”, 故选B。
3. D 【点拨】用下文提示法。从下文“Firstly, there is no air to breathe. Secondly, ...Thirdly...”可知, 本段讲述了三个太空的危险因素, 故对于人类来说太空是危险的地方。dangerous 意为“有危险的”, 故选D。
4. A 【点拨】用前文提示法。从上文“space also has high levels of radiation (辐射)”可知, 太空存在很强的辐射, 可推断这种辐射会让身体生病。sick 意为“生病的”, 故选A。
5. D 【点拨】用句意理解法。第三, 太空的一些地方很冷, 而其他地方却很热。while 意为“……而”, 用来对比两件事物。故选D。
6. C 【点拨】用句意理解法。如果宇航员不穿宇航服迈步到宇宙飞船外面, 他们就可能在几秒内死亡。step 意为“迈步”, 故选C。
7. A 【点拨】用句意理解法。宇航服使宇航员安全地密封在里面。safely 意为“安全地”, 故选A。
8. C 【点拨】同时, 宇航员呼出的二氧化碳被抽走。that在从句中作宾语, 指的是the CO2, 故选C。
9. B 【点拨】用句意理解法。宇航服下面一层是另一套衣服。under 意为“在……下面”, 故选B。
10. C 【点拨】用下文提示法。从下文“because wearing a spacesuit can make astronauts very hot”可知, 穿宇航服会让宇航员很热, 故推知水流经这些管子能让宇航员变凉快。cool off 意为“变凉”, 故选C。
二、A【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个有趣的发明, 包括Talking Gloves, Google Glasses, Indoor Clouds 和Wingsuits 等。
11. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Talking Gloves”部分中的“They recognize sign language and translate it into text on a smartphone.”可知, 这种手套可以帮助人们识别手语。故选B。
12. D 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“Google Glasses”部分中的“The glasses also have a camera and a GPS mapping system. Users can take and share photos, check maps and surf the Internet just by looking up, down, left and right.”可知, 用户可以通过向上下左右看来拍摄和分享照片、查看地图和上网, 所以用户通过转动眼球来浏览网页的。故选D。
13. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“Indoor Clouds”中的描述可知, Smilde 通过精心计划用雾机在房间中央创造了一小块白云。故选C。
14. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Wingsuits”部分的描述可知, Wingsuits 可以帮你像鸟一样飞翔。故选B。
15. A 【点拨】最佳标题题。根据文章第一段中最后一句话“Here, we have picked out four interesting inventions to share with you.”可知, 这篇文章主要介绍了四个有趣的发明。故选A。
B【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了发明于中国的围棋以及其发展。
16. B 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“Weiqi was invented in China more than 2, 500 years ago”可知, 距离2022 年是2500 多年的历史, 由此可推断围棋是公元前480 年左右发明的, 故选B。
17. B 【点拨】词义猜测题。根据“The playing pieces are called stones. One player uses the white stones and the other, black.”可知, 此处是介绍围棋的棋子分为白和黑, 所以“pieces”在这里表示“棋子”, 故选B。
18. A 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Learning it can not only improve people’s logical thinking ability, but it can also develop their calm character.”可知, 不仅能提高人的逻辑思维能力, 还能培养人沉稳的性格, 故选A。
19. D 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“As a symbol of Chinese culture, Weiqi has its special language.”可知, 围棋是中国文化的一种象征, 故选D。
20. C 【点拨】最佳标题题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了发明于中国的围棋以及其发展, A, B, D 只是文章的一部分, C 概括得更全面, 故选C。
三、21. remained 22. daily 23. pleasure 24. heroes
25. customers
四、【主旨大意】本文介绍电子老师的应用, 以及电子老师的优缺点。
26. students’ 【点拨】句意：这个电子老师是一个……, 需要时就会出现在学生的电脑或手机屏幕上。根据“This electronic teacher is a computer-created head that appears...”可知电子老师教学生时, 应该出现在学生的电脑或者手机屏幕上。此处表所属关系, 用名词所有格。student 表示“学生”, 此处表泛指用复数形式。故填students’。
27. created 【点拨】句意：Bill 教授一个关于由太阳和风产生的环保能的特别项目。根据 “power ... by the sun and wind” 可知此处指太阳和风创造的能, 此处用过去分词作后置定语, create 表示“创造”。故填created。
28. quickly 【点拨】句意：就像人类教师一样, Bill 能够很快回应学生的问题和意见。be able to do sth. 表示“能够做某事”, 结合所给词可知, 此空表示“快速地”, 副词修饰动词。故填quickly。
29. physical 【点拨】句意：由于电脑相机, 他也能够看见和反应学生们的肢体动作。根据“For example, if a student smiles at Bill, he smiles back.”可知此处指学生们的肢体动作, physical 表示“身体的”。故填physical。
30. More importantly 【点拨】句意：更重要的是, 它允许程序开发人员在需要时改进Bill 的行为和知识库。空后有逗号, 副词修饰整个句子, more importantly 表示“更重要的是”。故填More importantly。
31. success 【点拨】句意：据智能机器公司发言人Robert Frost 说, 该项目取得了巨大成功。a 后接名词单数, a great success 表示“巨大成功”。故填success。
32. their 【点拨】句意：他真的吸引了他们的注意。draw one’s attention 表示“吸引某人的注意”, 此空指“学生们的注意”, 用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
33. have grown/ are growing/ grow 【点拨】句意：Frost 认为, 孩子们觉得被智能机器教导的经历并不像老年人那样奇怪, 因为他们是在电脑和智能手机的时代长大的。grow up 表示“长大”, 此处可以用现在完成时、现在进行时和一般现在时。故填have grown/ are growing/ grow。
34. will lose 【点拨】句意：人类教育者将来是否会失业是值得怀疑的, 因为即使是最聪明的计算机程序也无法猜测并对所有意想不到的情况作出反应。根据“in the future”可知, 空格处时态是一般将来时, will do结构, 根据语境可知, 此处指人类教育者失去工作, lose 表示“失去”。故填will lose。
35. unexpected 【点拨】此空为形容词作定语, 根据常识可知, 有些情况是意想不到的, unexpected 表示“意想不到的”。故填unexpected。
五、【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了 Laszlo Biro 和他的发明——圆珠笔。
36. The ballpoint pen. 37. A fountain pen.
38. A special ink. 39. ① in ② it ③ of
40. 现在每天全世界有数百万人使用它。
41. Yes, I do. Because we don’t need to refill it and the ink dries easily.
六、范文：
The abacus was invented by① Chinese people in the sixth century. It was used for② counting. The potato chips were invented by George Crum in 1853. Of course, it was used for eating. Tea was invented about five thousand years ago. It was invented by the Chinese Emperor Shen Nong by accident. It was used for drinking.
I think the three inventions are very useful now.
点评：该范文运用“三步三W法”介绍了三种发明, 分别介绍了发明是什么；它们是何时何人发明的, 以及它们的用途；最后表达感想。
添彩点:①用be invented by介绍是被谁发明的。②用be used for介绍发明的用途。