高考英语情态动词课件（20张PPT）
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(共20张PPT)
can和could
(1) 表能力，“能，会”
She can speak English.
She could play the piano at the age of three.
be able to能用于各种时态；can/could只能表示现在或过去的能力。was/were able to“设法做成某事”相当于managed to do sth// succeeded in doing sth
All the people trapped in the burning house were able to get out of it.
(2) 表请求和许可，“可以”，could比can更加委婉，表示礼貌
Can I smoke here
—Could I use your computer
—Yes, you can.
(3) can表客观可能性，“有时候会”，用于肯定句
A wise man can sometimes make a mistake.
(4) can表推测，用于疑问句、否定句。肯定句用must
Can the news be true
He can’t be at home because I saw him here just now.
may和might
表示允许、许可
—May I leave now
—No, you mustn’t. //Yes, you may.
表示推测、可能，用于肯定句和否定句，might比may可能性更小
Nobody has ever seen him since that year. He may/might have gone abroad.
May + 主语 + 动词原形，表示祝愿
May you succeed.
must和have to
must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。have to自身有时态的变化形式。
—Must we hand in our exercises today
—Yes, you must.
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
mustn’t意为“不准，禁止”
must还可用来表示把握较大的推测，“一定”，其否定形式为can not/can’t（不可能）
You must be tired after your long journey.
will和would
表示意愿、意志
If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy.
在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示请求或征求意见，would比will语气更委婉
Will/Would you please give me a hand
表示习惯性的动作，“总是，常常”
The old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.
When I was a child, my mother would read me a story every night.
对比would和used to
表示今昔动作对比，用used to
I don’t play tennis now, but I used to.
He would get up early when he lived in the countryside.
表示过去的状态，用used to
He used to be a quiet boy.
shall
shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示，“…好吗？要不要…？”
Shall I open the window for you
Shall he fetch some water for you
shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁。
You shall do as I say.
Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.
He shall be punished.
用于条约、规定、规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。
“The interest ____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
should
表示劝告或建议，“应该”，相当于ought to，但语气不及ought to强
You shouldn’t/oughtn’t to spend so much time playing computer games.
用于推测，意为“按理应当”
—Will Mr. Wang offer us a hand
—He ____ be glad to. He never refused our request.
A. can B. must C. may D. should
表示吃惊，“竟会，竟然”
I find it surprising that he should be so rude to you.
should用于表示要求，建议，命令的名词性从句中，虚拟语气
用在动词insist；order, command；suggest, advise, propose；demand, desire, request, require等宾语从句中
用在suggestion, order, proposal, demand等后面的表语，同位语从句中。
用在It is/was natural (necessary/strange/ important…) that…；It is/was insisted (suggested/ordered…) that…等主语从句中
need和dare
作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式
情态动词
—Need I help you
—Yes, please.
You needn’t telephone him now.
How dare you talk to the teacher like that
The girl dared not go out alone at night.
实义动词
We needed to tell him the news.
You don’t need to tell him the news.
Do the flowers need watering
I didn’t dare (to) tell you the truth.
Do you dare (to) catch the snake with your hand
The boy dares to do anything he likes.
would rather do 宁愿
I would rather stay here than go home.
had better do 最好
It is pretty cold. You’d better put on a coat.
情态动词 + have done
must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句；
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去事情的否定推测，“不可能做过某事”
Mr. Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
can/could have done表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，“可能做过…吗？”
There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone
I can’t remember when we went to Beijing but could it have been sometime last autumn
could have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来能够做某事而没有做”
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
may/might have done“过去可能做了某事”；may比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。may/might not have done“过去可能没有做某事”
—What has happened to George
—I don’t know. He may have got lost.
He might not have finished the work.
should/ought to have done“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”；shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done“本来不应该做某事，而实际做了”
You shouldn’t have wasted time playing computer games.
needn’t have done“本来不需要做某事而做了”
I needn’t have bought so much wine — only five people came.
I was really anxious about you. You ____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. needn’t leave D. couldn’t have left
Mr. White ____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
—Do you know where David is I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He ____ have gone far — his coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t
C. can’t D. wouldn’t
Johnny, you ____ play with the knife, you ____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to B. would
C. was able to D. could
—Sir, ____ he go or stay
—Let him go.
A. will B. shall C. might D. could
—Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
—Oh, he ____ have been a very smart boy then.
A. could B. should C. might D. must
My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ____ come, but why didn’t you
A. must have B. should
C. need have D. ought to have
This cake is very sweet. You ____ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put
C. might put D. must have put
I ____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
—Oh, dear! She ____ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through
D. must have gone through
can和could
(1) 表能力，“能，会”
She can speak English.
She could play the piano at the age of three.
be able to能用于各种时态；can/could只能表示现在或过去的能力。was/were able to“设法做成某事”相当于managed to do sth// succeeded in doing sth
All the people trapped in the burning house were able to get out of it.
(2) 表请求和许可，“可以”，could比can更加委婉，表示礼貌
Can I smoke here
—Could I use your computer
—Yes, you can.
(3) can表客观可能性，“有时候会”，用于肯定句
A wise man can sometimes make a mistake.
(4) can表推测，用于疑问句、否定句。肯定句用must
Can the news be true
He can’t be at home because I saw him here just now.
may和might
表示允许、许可
—May I leave now
—No, you mustn’t. //Yes, you may.
表示推测、可能，用于肯定句和否定句，might比may可能性更小
Nobody has ever seen him since that year. He may/might have gone abroad.
May + 主语 + 动词原形，表示祝愿
May you succeed.
must和have to
must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。have to自身有时态的变化形式。
—Must we hand in our exercises today
—Yes, you must.
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
mustn’t意为“不准，禁止”
must还可用来表示把握较大的推测，“一定”，其否定形式为can not/can’t（不可能）
You must be tired after your long journey.
will和would
表示意愿、意志
If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy.
在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示请求或征求意见，would比will语气更委婉
Will/Would you please give me a hand
表示习惯性的动作，“总是，常常”
The old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.
When I was a child, my mother would read me a story every night.
对比would和used to
表示今昔动作对比，用used to
I don’t play tennis now, but I used to.
He would get up early when he lived in the countryside.
表示过去的状态，用used to
He used to be a quiet boy.
shall
shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示，“…好吗？要不要…？”
Shall I open the window for you
Shall he fetch some water for you
shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁。
You shall do as I say.
Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.
He shall be punished.
用于条约、规定、规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。
“The interest ____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
should
表示劝告或建议，“应该”，相当于ought to，但语气不及ought to强
You shouldn’t/oughtn’t to spend so much time playing computer games.
用于推测，意为“按理应当”
—Will Mr. Wang offer us a hand
—He ____ be glad to. He never refused our request.
A. can B. must C. may D. should
表示吃惊，“竟会，竟然”
I find it surprising that he should be so rude to you.
should用于表示要求，建议，命令的名词性从句中，虚拟语气
用在动词insist；order, command；suggest, advise, propose；demand, desire, request, require等宾语从句中
用在suggestion, order, proposal, demand等后面的表语，同位语从句中。
用在It is/was natural (necessary/strange/ important…) that…；It is/was insisted (suggested/ordered…) that…等主语从句中
need和dare
作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式
情态动词
—Need I help you
—Yes, please.
You needn’t telephone him now.
How dare you talk to the teacher like that
The girl dared not go out alone at night.
实义动词
We needed to tell him the news.
You don’t need to tell him the news.
Do the flowers need watering
I didn’t dare (to) tell you the truth.
Do you dare (to) catch the snake with your hand
The boy dares to do anything he likes.
would rather do 宁愿
I would rather stay here than go home.
had better do 最好
It is pretty cold. You’d better put on a coat.
情态动词 + have done
must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句；
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去事情的否定推测，“不可能做过某事”
Mr. Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
can/could have done表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，“可能做过…吗？”
There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone
I can’t remember when we went to Beijing but could it have been sometime last autumn
could have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来能够做某事而没有做”
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
may/might have done“过去可能做了某事”；may比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。may/might not have done“过去可能没有做某事”
—What has happened to George
—I don’t know. He may have got lost.
He might not have finished the work.
should/ought to have done“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”；shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done“本来不应该做某事，而实际做了”
You shouldn’t have wasted time playing computer games.
needn’t have done“本来不需要做某事而做了”
I needn’t have bought so much wine — only five people came.
I was really anxious about you. You ____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. needn’t leave D. couldn’t have left
Mr. White ____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
—Do you know where David is I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He ____ have gone far — his coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t
C. can’t D. wouldn’t
Johnny, you ____ play with the knife, you ____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to B. would
C. was able to D. could
—Sir, ____ he go or stay
—Let him go.
A. will B. shall C. might D. could
—Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
—Oh, he ____ have been a very smart boy then.
A. could B. should C. might D. must
My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ____ come, but why didn’t you
A. must have B. should
C. need have D. ought to have
This cake is very sweet. You ____ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put
C. might put D. must have put
I ____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
—Oh, dear! She ____ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through
D. must have gone through