中考英语二轮专项冲刺及真题再现系列之代词篇

文档属性

名称 中考英语二轮专项冲刺及真题再现系列之代词篇
格式 zip
文件大小 62.2KB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源
科目 英语
更新时间 2014-04-24 10:23:39

文档简介


代词专项训练
( )1. —What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?21cnjy.com
—I made it by .
A. me B. himself C. myself D. itself
( )2. —Oh, his new bike looks the same as .2·1·c·n·j·y
—Really?
A. me B. I C. my D. mine
( )3. —What a hot day! Have you had a drink?
—Yes. But I’d like to have after work.【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
A. it B. one C. other D. another
( )4. —Mum, Mary bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy for me?
—Sure. But you must take good care of it.21·世纪*教育网
A. one B. this C. it D. that
( )5. The little boy asked , “What should I do?”【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
A. he B. himself C. his
( )6. —Could you tell us to do next?
—Nothing more. Let’s have a rest.
A. what B. when C. why D. now
( )7. —Who taught English last term? Was Mr. Smith?
—No, Miss White did.
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
( )8. —What else do we need, Mum?
— else, I think. We’ve got everything ready.21世纪教育网版权所有
A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything
( )9. Please tell about it if doesn’t know.【出处:21教育名师】
A. her; herself B. she; she C. her; she D. hers; her
( )10. office is much larger than .
A. Ours; yours B. Our; yours C. Their; our D. Your; their’s
( )11. Is there in today’s newspaper?
A. something important B. important anything
C. anything important D. important everything
( )12. We study Chinese, English and some subjects.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A. the other B. other C. others D. another
( )13. The film is not interesting. like it.  21*cnjy*com
A. Little B. A little C. Few D. A few
( )14. Do you know dictionary it is?
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
( )15. —Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee?【版权所有:21教育】
—I don’t mind. is OK.
A. Either B. Neither C. Any D. Both
( )16. Help to some chicken, boys and girls.21教育名师原创作品
A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves
( )17. They have an English lesson day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
A. each other B. every other C. some others D. another more
( )18. We found very important to learn a foreign language well.
A. this B. that C. it D. it’s
( )19. I have bought a new watch because my old doesn’t work.
A. it B. one C. that D. this
( )20. There is water in my glass. Will you please give me ?
A. little; some B. few; any C. few; some D. little; any
中考真题精选
(2013连云港)
( )1.I’ve got several novels written by MoYan.You can borrow _____you like.
A.it B.one C.every D.either
(2013兰州)
( )2.Mom,I’m old enough to wash____own clothes and _____.You can have a rest after work.
A.my;your B.my;yours C.your;my D.yours;mine
(2013益阳)
( )3.You have just read the newspaper.Did you find _____in it ?21教育网
A.interesting anything B.anything interesting C.interesting something
(2012抚州)
( )4. is too difficult if you put your heart into it.21·cn·jy·com
A. Everything B. Something C. Nothing D. Anything
(2011南宁)
( )5. There are many trees of the street! And of the trees is growing larger and larger.2-1-c-n-j-y
A. on both side; a number B. on each sides; a number
C. on both sides; the number D. on every side; the number
(2013南昌)
( )6.. —Look, who is coming?
— must be our English teacher.
A. She B. He C. It D. This
(2011滨州)
( )7. People usually put small presents in stocking on Christmas Eve.
A. each other B. each others C. each other’s D. each others’
(2012南江)
( )8. is 200 kilometers from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.
A. There B. It C. This D. The place
(2012德州)
( )9. Tom is stronger than in his class.
A. any students B. other student C. any other student D.Any other students
(2012上淝)
( )10. If you drove more carefully, your uncle would be all right and you wouldn’t have hurt .www.21-cn-jy.com
A. himself B. yourself C. itself D. yourselves
中考英语二轮专项冲刺及真题再现系列之代词篇
第三章:代词
代词 是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。它们本身的词义都很弱,必须从上下文来确定,它们可单独取代名词的位置,也可起修饰语的作用。
代词可分为七类:
一、人称代词(personal pronoun)


人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he, she, it
him, her, it
they
them
人称代词表示人称范畴,有人称,性,数与格之分。
人称代词有主格和宾格之分。一般来说,作主语的就叫主格,作宾格的就叫宾格。在口语中,作表语时也常用宾格。人称代词在句中可用作主语、表语和宾语等。
如:I lost my English book in the park. 我在公园把英语书丢了。(I作主语)
Oh, it’s you. 啊,是你。(you作表语)
I saw him in the street.
我在大街看见他了。(him作动词saw的宾语,属动宾结构,用宾格。)
He was standing behind her.
他站在她身后。(her作介词behind的宾语,属介宾结构,用宾格。)
温馨提示:
1、作表语的人称代词可用主格或宾格,但在正式文体中一般用主格。
如:It is I.是我。(正式文体) It’s me.是我。(口语)
2、人称代词?he和she(以及与其相应的物主代词和反身代词)常用来代表动物或其他的拟人化。
如:The dog waved his tail when he saw his master. 那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。
We thank the earth for her bounty. 我们感谢大地的慷慨。
3、人称代词有时可用作名词。
如:The other him is the person she loves. 她爱的是另一个他。21·世纪*教育网
4、人称代词的排列顺序
①单数:通常按2,3,1人称排列(但和比自己身份低的人或与动物并列时第一人称在前)。
如:you, he and I are good students. 你、我和他是好学生。
②复数:通常按1,2,3人称排列。
如:We, you and they have been invited to the meeting.21*cnjy*com
你们、我们和他们都被邀请参加那会议。
③第三人称男女两性并用时,先男后女。
如:He and she still do not quite agree to this plan. 他和她仍不很同意这个计划。
④表示承担责任和过失时,通常把第一人称放在前面。
如:I, he and you will be punished for being late. 因为迟到,我、你和他将受处罚。
5、在比较状语从句中,若可能引起误解,就不能用宾格代替主格。
如:He loves you more than I. 他爱你胜过我爱你。(=…?than I love you)
He loves you more than me. 他爱你胜过爱我。(=…then he loves me)
二、物主代词(possessive pronoun)
物主代词是表示所属关系的代词,也可称为代词属格。它分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。


词 称
分类 义
单数
复数






我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他/她/它们的
形容词性
物主代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
物主代词
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
物主代词的用法:
A、形容词性物主代词在句中的功用:
1、作定语
如:She turned away her eyes. 她把她的目光移开。
You should learn a lesson from your mistakes. 你应该从你的错误中吸取教训。
2、与own连用,以示对比
如:I have nothing of my own.我自己一无所有。
Mind your own business!不要管闲事!
B、名词性物主代词在句中的功用:
1、作主语
如:This is your bike. Mine is over there. 这是你的自行车,我的在那儿。
2、作宾语
如:I have broken my pen. Please give me yours.
我把我的钢笔弄断了。请把你的给我。(动宾)
She would shut herself up in her room, Lucy in hers.21世纪教育网版权所有
她常把自己关在房间里,而Lucy也是一样(介宾)
3、用作表语
如:I know that the book is hers. 我知道那书是她的。
温馨提示:
1、“of+名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。
如:Jack is a friend of mine. 汤姆是我的一个朋友。
不能说成:Jack is a friend of me/my.
但可说:This is a photo/ portrait/ picture of me. 这是我本人的照片。(照片中的人是我)21教育网
注:This is a photo of mine. 这幅照片是我的。
(强调照片归我所有,但照片上的人未必是我。)
2、his和its可作形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
3、its是“它的”,而it’s=it is是“它是”的意思。
4、除mine之外,其他的名词性物主代词都是以“s”结尾。
三、反身代词/自身代词(Self pronoun)
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。也就是指一个动作反射到该动作执行者本身或用来加强名词或代词的语气的代词,表示“我自己,你自己,他/她/它自己,我们自己,你们自己,他/她/它们自己”。它们的构成方法是:第一、二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+self/ selves”构成,第三人称的反身代词由:人称代词宾格+self/ selves构成。

人 称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself
themselves
herself
itself
反身代词的用法:
1、用作宾语
如:Please help yourselves to some fish, Lucy and Lily.21cnjy.com
Lucy 和Lily,请你们随便吃些鱼。(动宾结构)
The workers quarrelled among themselves.
这些工人之间发生了争吵。(介宾结构)
2、用作表语
如:Xiao Ming is not quite himself today. 肖明今天感到不适。
That’s myself. 那就是我自己。
3、用作同位语
如:I cleaned the room myself. 我自己擦干净房间。= I myself cleaned the room.
温馨提示:
1、在表示位置的一些介词之后常用代词宾格代替反身代词。
如:He looked about him and walked on. 他环顾四周,继续走下去。
2、介词“with”表“随身”时,其后也常用代词宾格。
如:I have no money with me. 我身上没带钱。
3、在口语中有时反身代词可用主语
如:Who suffers by his whims? Himself always. 为他的狂想吃苦头的是谁呢?总是他自己。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
4、在俗语或戏谑语中可在反身代词中插入形容词。
如:It is myself, dearest, my very, very self. 是我,最亲爱的,就是我本人。
5、固定搭配
①enjoy oneself = have a good/ great/ nice time. 过得很愉快【出处:21教育名师】
②dress oneself. (自己)穿衣
③by oneself. 独自(=alone, without help)
④teach oneself…= learn… by oneself. 自学
⑤come to oneself. 苏醒
⑥make yourself at home. 请不要拘束
⑦devote oneself (to) 献身于…
⑧Take cane of yourself. 请多保重
四、指示代词(demonstrative pronoun)
用来指出或标示人或物的一类代词,表示“那个”“这个”“这些”“那些”“如此”等指示概念。它们主要是:this, that, these, those, such, so, same, it等。
指示代词的用法:它们主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
1、this/ these与that/ those的用法
①this/these多指在时间或距离上离说话人较近的人或事物,that/ those反之。
如:This is a book and that is a pen. 这是一本书,那是一支钢笔(作主语)
②that/ those多指前面提到的事物,而this/ these指下面将要讲的事物。
如:He was ill. That was why he didn’t come to school.
他生病了,那就是他没来学校的原因。(作主语)
Be quiet, please. This is the picture which I’ll show you.
请安静。这就是我要给你们看的照片。
③打电话,this表示打电话者,that表示接电话的另一方。
如:—Who’s that, please? 请问您是哪位?
—Hello! This is Tom (speaking). 你好!我是Tom。
④that和those可替代上文提到的人或事物,以避免重复。that表单数,those表复数。
如:The weather in Ji’an is as the same as that in Ganzhou.
吉安的天气和赣州一样。
I like the seasons in the north than those in the south.www-2-1-cnjy-com
比起南方的四季来,我更喜欢北方的四季。
⑤this/ that还可作状语修饰形容词或副词。
如:The book is about this thick. 那本书大约有这么厚。
I don’t want that much. 我不要那么多。
⑥this/ these, that/ those表感彩。
如:He is great scoundrel, that husband of hers. 她那个丈夫呀,是个大坏蛋。
He was one of those people who take delight in conveying disagreeable news.
他是那种喜欢报忧的人。
2、指示代词such的功用:
①用作主语
如:Such is his nature. 他的本性就这样。
②用作宾语
如:Take such as you like here.在这里你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
③作表语,常与as或that从句连用。
如:The waves were such as I never saw before. 这样的浪,我从未见过。
④作定语,构成such(+a/ an)+ adj. + n.的结构
如:They are such naughty boys. 他们是如此顽皮的男孩子。
I know John isn’t such a man. 我知道John不是这样的人
3、指示代词so的用法
①指示代词so常用作宾语和表语。
如:—I will write today. 我今天就写。
—Do so.就写吧。
②指示代词so常用在省略句中。
如:a—It looks like rain. 天像要下雨的样子。
—So it is. 的确如此。
b—James wrote a letter toUncle Wang. James写了封信给王叔叔。
—So Tim did. Tim也写了。
4、指示代词same的用法(常和the连用)
①作主语
如:The same has happened to his father. 他父亲也发生了同样的情况。
②作宾语
如:We must all say the same. 我们必须口径一致。
③作表语
如:It is all the same to me whether you go or stay. 你去与留对我来说都无所谓。
④作定语
如:He always sits in the same chair. 他总是坐在同一把椅子上。
⑤作状语
如:Thank you all the same. 同样要感谢你。
温馨提示:
1、This is the same pen that I lost.
这就是我丢的那支钢笔。(同一支钢笔)
2、This is the same pen as I lost.
这钢笔和我丢的那支一样。(同一类的两支钢笔)
5、指示代词it
it指人时也可作为指示代词看待。在汉语中不必译出。
如:—Who’s it? 谁呀?
—It’s me. 是我。
—Oh it’s you, Lao Zhang. 噢,是老张呀。
五、相互代词(reciprocal pronoun)
表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,形式如下:
宾格
属格
each other 相互
each other’s 相互的
one another 相互
one another’s 相互的
通常each other指两者之间的“相互”,one another指三者或三者以上的“相互”,但现代英语中两者可通用。  21*cnjy*com
相互代词用法
1、用作宾语
We should learn from each other and help each other. 我们应该互相学习互相帮助。
2、用其属格作定格。
如:They looked into each other’s eyes for a silent moment. 他们彼此一时相对无言。
六、疑问代词(interrogative pronoun)
疑问代词引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句。由疑问词引导,后接一个一般疑问句。疑问代词有五个,指人的有:who谁(主格), whom谁(宾格)whose谁的(属格);指物或人的有:what什么,which哪个,哪些。他们可具有单、复数概念。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
1、who的用法
①用于疑问句
如:Who put the light out? 谁把灯灭了?
②用于修辞性疑问句。
如:Who could blame you? 谁能怪你呢?(不是真正的疑问句)
2、whom的用法
①作宾语,常用于书面语中。
如:Whom are you looking for? 你在找谁?
②在口语中,who可代替whom.
如:Who(m) did you meet in the street? 你在街上碰到了谁?
3、whose的用法
Whose是属性,相当于物主代词,它的名词性和形容词性形式相同。
如:Whose books are these? 这些是谁的书?(形容词性,作定语)
Whose are these books? 这些书是谁的?(名词性,作表语)
4、what的用法
①用于疑问句,可指物、职业、价格、数量、距离、地点等
如:a.—What’s this? 这是什么?(指物)
—It’s a pencil. 是铅笔
b.—What’s your father? —你父亲是做什么?(问职业=what does your father do?)
c. What’s the price of the meat? 这肉多少钱?(问价格)
d. What’s the population of China? 中国有多少人口?(问数量)
e. What’s the distance from here to Beijing? 从这到北京有多远?(问距离)
f. What’s the capital of Italy? 意大利的首都在哪儿?(问地点)
②用于修辞性疑问句及感叹句。
如:What does it matter? 这有什么关系?(具有不要紧之意)
What a fine day! 多好的天呀!(感叹句)
③用于省略句
如:Something is the matter, but I don’t know what.
总有点不对劲,可我不知道是什么。(what=what it is)
5、which的用法
Which可指人,也可指物,可作主语、定语、宾格和表语。
如:Which is your book? 哪一本是你的书?(作主语)
Which story do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个故事?(作定语)
Which do you want? 你想要哪个?(作宾语)
Which is which? 哪个是哪个?(作表语)
温馨提示:
1、疑问代词who, what, which后可加ever以加强语气。
如:Whoever can be so kind to you? 还会有谁能对你这么好?
Whatever do you mean? 你到底是什么意思?
Whichever do you want? 你究竟要哪个?
2、what和which的区别:what用于没有一定的范围时,是泛指;which用于在所给出的范围内选择,是特指。2·1·c·n·j·y
如:What do you want to drink? 你想喝点什么?
Here are orange juice, apple juice and pear juice.Which do you want to drink? 这儿有桔汁、苹果汁和梨汁。你想喝哪样?【版权所有:21教育】
3、what和who的区别:what对人提问,侧重职业、身份,who侧重姓名和哪一个人。
如:—What’s your father? 你父亲做什么工作?
—He is a teacher. 他是教师。
—Who is your father? 你父亲是谁?
—Huang Gang./ The man in black.黄钢/穿黑衣服的那个男子。
七、不定代词(indefinite pronoun)
不定代词是那些用来指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。在句中起名词或形容词的作用,表示各种程度和不定数量的概念。常见的有:some, any, every, no与thing, body, one组合成的复合不定代词。(即:something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one / none)和all, both, each, every, either, neither, other(s), another, many, much, few, a few, little, a little等等。21教育名师原创作品
1、all, both, every和each的比较。
each可指小到两个当中的每个,both强调两个人和物,“两者都”,all, every则至少指三个。
A.①all 是一个不可分割的整体,表所有项目的总和。可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语等。
如:All the students went to the Great Wall yesterday.
昨天所有学生都去了长城。(作主语)
That’s all for today. 今天就讲到这。(作表语)
It’s hard to please all. 众口难调。(作宾语)
②all可以和of搭配
All of us passed the English exam. 我们都通过了英语考试。
注:如属单数形式的可数名词(包括集体名词),一般用the whole,而不用all。
如:The whole pie was eaten. 整个馅饼都吃完了。
③all修饰的名词前是否有the,要看是否是特指。
如:all parents所有的家长(泛指) all the parents所有这些家长(特指)
④all和the, this, that, these, those以及物主代词连用时,all要放在前面。
如:all my good friends 我所有的好朋友
All these difficulties 所有的这些困难
⑤固定词组
above all 最重要的是 all over+地点 遍及
first of all 首先 all alone 单独的
all the same 可是 all right 行,好
after all 毕竟 in all 总计
温馨提示:
Both of them were invited to the party=The two of them were invited to the party. 那两人被邀请参加这聚会。
B.①every通常作定语
如:Every minute is precious. 每一分钟都宝贵。
②every后加数字,表示“每……”
如:The Olympic Games are held every four years. 奥运会每四年举行一次。
(也可说成:The Olympic Games are held every fourth year或The Olympic Games are held every other three years. 奥运会每隔三年举行一次。)
注:everyday与every day 的区别。
everyday是形容词,“每天的,日常的”;every day作时间状语,“每天”。
如:Cooking is his mother everyday job. 做饭是他母亲每天的工作。
His mother cooks every day 他母亲每天做饭。
C.①each可作主语、宾语、表格、同位语、状语和定语,其注意力在个别项目上。
如:Each has his shortcomings. 每个人都有自己的缺点。(作主语)
They each have some new books. 他们各自有些新书。(同位语)
②each可以与of连用,而every则不能
如:Each of us has a new desk. 我们每人都有一张新课桌。
不能说成:Every of us has a new desk.
2、some与any比较
some“一些”和any“任何,一些”都是表不定量,可修饰可数名词复数与不可数名词。
①通常some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句,否定名或条件句。
如:Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早。
Are there any stamps in the box? 盒子里有邮票吗?
He went to town without any money. 他身无分文地去了城。
Do you have any sugar? If you have any, give me some. 你有糖吗?如果有,给我些。21·cn·jy·com
②当any表达“任何一个/一些”时,可用于肯定句。
如:Any one will do.任何一个都行。
You may come at any time that is convenient to you. 你可以在你方便的任何时候来。
③当some用来表示建议,请求或希望得到对方肯定的回答时,也可用于疑问句和否定句。
如:I’m thirsty. Could you please give me some water?
我口渴了。请你给我一些水,好吗?
④some和any可与of连用,作主语时其谓语动词须和of后面的名词或代词保持一致。
如:Some of the water is polluted. 有些水已经被污染了。
Some of the apples are red. 一些苹果是红的。
温馨提示:
some后接可数名词单数而又不用a/an时,表“某种”“某一”。
如:I read the story in some magazine. 我在某本杂志上看到过这个故事。
3、no, no one与none, nothing的比较
①no one仅指人(相当于nobody);none可指人或物(泛指三或三个以上),且可构成none of这一短语,作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
如:No one knows how the little boy came here. 没人知道这小男孩怎样来这的。
None of them have/ has been to the USA. 他们中没人到过美国。
②no相当于not a/ an或not any.
如:I have no book with me. 我没带书
=I don’t have a book with me.
I have no reason to refuse her invitation. 我没理由拒绝她的邀请。
=I do not have any reason to refuse her invitation.
温馨提示:
A.在疑问句的答语中,若不确指某物或某人,则用nothing或no one/ nobody。如果确指,则用none(可指人或物)。
如:① —What’s in the box? 盒子里有什么?(不确指事物)
—Nothing. 什么也没有。
② —Is there any milk in the bottle? 瓶子里有牛奶吗?(确指牛奶)
—None. 没有
③ —Who did you see in the room? 你看见谁在房里?(不确指某人)
—NO one. / Nobody. 没人。
④ —How many girls are in the room? 多少女生在房间里?(具体指代,属确指)
—None. 没一个。
B. none后紧跟but时,相当于nobody.
如:None but the lonely heart can know my sorrow.
只有这颗孤独的心能知道我的哀愁。
C. nothing but… 除……之外什么也没有
如:There is nothing but a chair in the room. 房间里除一把椅子外什么也没有。
4. one与it的区别
A. one和it都可代替上文中的某物,但下文所指的事物和上文提到的事物是同一个个体时用it,不是同一个个体,而是同类中的某个个体时用one。
如:① —Do you have a mobile phone? 你有手机吗?
—No, but I want to buy one. 没有,但我想买一个。
② Do you see the red mobile phone? It is mine. 你看见这红手机了吗?这是我的
B. one可与of构成one of短语,后面接人称代词宾格或名词复数形式,作主语时其谓语动词用单数。
如:One of us is from England. 我们中的一个来自英国。
One of the amswers is right. 这些答案中有一个是对的。
C. one代替名词复数时用ones。
如:I prefer red roses to white ones. 我喜欢红玫瑰胜过白玫瑰。
5. either和neither
Either和neither是一对意义相反的代词,either表示“两者中任何一个都……”neither表示“两者中任何一个都不……”,既可指人,也可指物,在句中作主语,宾语等,作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。
如:①either/ neither单独使用
—Which do you prefer, juice or cola? 你要果汁还是可乐?
—Either will do. 随便哪样都行。
—Would you like tea or coffee? 你要茶还是咖啡?
—Neither. I’d like some water. 哪个也不要。来些水吧。
温馨提示:
①either和neither与of搭配,后接人称代词宾格或可数名词复数。如作主语,谓语动词要用单数(现代英语中也用复数)。
如:Neither of us is from shanghai. 我们俩都不是上海人。
②not…either = neither,用于否定句,“也不……”
如:—My spoken English isn’t good. 我英语口语不好。
—My spoken English isn’t good, either. 我英语口语也不好。
③either…or…连接两个并列成分,意思是“要么……要么……”;
neither…nor…则表示“既不……也不……”。其谓语动词按就近原则。
如:Either you or your son is wrong. 要么你错,要么你儿子错。
Neither Tom nor I am from Japan. 我和Tom哪一个都不是来自日本。(既不是Tom来自日本,也不是我来自日本)
6. other和another
other表示“其他的人或物”,复数形式为others。与the连用构成the other 表示“两者中的另一个”,构成the others表示把多个人或物分成两个部分,除了前面提到的,剩下的用the others,表特指。
如:I have two friends. One is Jack, the other(one ) is Jim.
我有两个朋友。一个是Jack ,另一个是Jim.
There are some students on the ground. Some are playing basketball, the others are playing volleyball. 操场上有一些学生。一些在打篮球,另一些在打排球。
Another强调在原来的基础上的“另一个,又……”。
①another可单独使用,作主语、表语或宾语=one more
如:Have another, please = Have one more, please. 请再吃一个吧。
②another还可把诸多事物看成一个整体,即“another+数量+名词”=“数量+more+名词”。
如:The woman stayed in Beijing for another two days.
=The woman stayed in Beijing for two more days. 这妇女在北京又待了两天。
温馨提示:
1. the others=the other+名词的复数形式。
如:Three students have come back, but the others (=the other students) haven’t yet.
三个学生回来了,其他的都还没回来。
2. other作定语时,通常放在all, some, many, any, several, few?以及the和数词之后,或such之前。
如: all other books 所有其他的书 two other stores 其他两家商店
other such case 其他这类情况
3. the other (one) 和another (one)虽然都表示“另一个”,但the other是指特定两个中的“另一个”,another指在原基础上“又一个,再一个”,不知总共有多少。
如:I don’t want this pen. Show me the other (one).
我不想要这钢笔。把那支拿给我看看。(共两支)
I don’t want this pen. Show me another.
我不想要这支钢笔,再给我一支看看。(已看一支,再看一支,但不知总数有多少。)
7. a few, a little和few, little
①a few, few表示“很少”,修饰可数名词复数,
a little, little表示“很少”,修饰不可数名词。
有a(即a few, a little)表示肯定语气,无a(即few, little)表示否定语气。
在句中作主语、宾语和定语。
如:little is done to prevent the water from being polluted.
几乎没有采取什么措施来防止水被污染。
He is new here, he has few friends here.
他是新来的,在这他几乎没有朋友。
②(a) little可作状语
如:I am a little better now. 我现在好点儿了。
He slept little last night. 他昨晚睡得很少。(他昨晚几平没睡)
③前面有only, just时,a不能丢掉。即only, just只能与a few, a little连用,表示“只一点”。
如:My mother gave me only/ just a little money. 我妈妈只给我一点儿钱。
④前面有every, so, the, some或物主代词时,只能连用few, little.
如:My mother gave me so little money. 我妈妈给我这么少的钱。
⑤构成短语:a few of; a little of…“……当中的一些/几个……”
a good few/ quite a few/ not a few/ some few 一些/不少;
not a little 很多; for a little 一会儿; little by little 一点一点地,逐渐地
8.复合不定代词
somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, something, anything, everything和nothing.
①复合不定代词一般不和of连用,但分开写后就可以和of连用。
如:不能说everyone of us,但可说every one of us。
不能说anyone of us,但可以说any one of us。
②修饰复合不定代词的else或形容词须后置。
如:The books are not mine. They must be someone else’s.
这些书不是我的,一定是别人的。(注:这一结构的所有格要写为else’s)
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。
③指代-one或-body—构成的不定代词用they或?he以及它们的对应形式;指代-thing构成的不定代词用it及it的对应形式。
如:Somebody left his math book in the reading room. 有人把数学书落在阅览室里了。
Everything goes well, doesn’t it? 一切进展顺利,不是吗?
9. it的用法
①it常指物。
如:—What’s this? 这是什么?
—It’s a book. 是本书。
②指人。
如:—Who is it? 是谁呀?
—It’s me. 是我。
—What is it? A boy or a girl? 生了个什么?是男孩还是女孩。
③指时间、距离、天气等自然现象。
如:It’s the third of July. 七月三日。
How far is it from your office to the bank? 从你办公室到银行有多远?
I think it is going to snow. 我想天要下雪了。
④前指,即指代前面已提到的事物或事情。
如:I got a card. It’s very beautiful. 我得到一张卡片。它很漂亮。
—They lost the game. 他们输了。
—Yes, so I hear. Isn’t it a shame. 我也听说了。太遗憾了。
⑤后指,即指代后面出现的事物或事情。
如:It was unbelievable —they actually welcomed me.
真是令人难以置信——他们居然欢迎我。
⑥作形式主语
如:It is his duty to clean up the room. 打扫干净这房间是他的责任。
It’s no use saying any more about what I think. 我的想法再说也没用了。
It seems that he is a good doctor. 他似乎是个好医生。
⑦作形式宾语
如:I find it difficult to finish the work in an hour. 我觉得一小时内难以完成这工作。
I find it useless sitting here quarrelling about it. 我觉得咱们坐在这里吵来吵去没用。
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好留在这里。
⑧it用于强调结构
英语常用的强调结构是:It is/ was+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who/ that…
如:James wore his best suit to the party last night.www.21-cn-jy.com
James昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加晚会。
→a. It was James who wore his best suit to the party last night.2-1-c-n-j-y
是James昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加晚会的。(强调主语)
b. It was his best suit that James wore to the party last night.
James昨晚是穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加晚会的。(强调宾语)
c. It was last night that James wore his best suit to the party.
James是昨晚穿着他最好的衣服去参加晚会的。(强调状语last night)
d. It was to the party that John wore his best suit last night.
James昨晚穿着他最好的衣服是去参加晚会的。(强调状语to the party)
⑨固定用法即固定短语或句型。
如:a. I’ve got it! 我明白了。
b. call it a day. 到此为止。
c. believe it or not. 信不信由你。
d. It doesn’t matter. 没关系
e. It’s time (for sb.) for sth/ to to sth.“到……的时间了”/that从句
如:It’s time for school. 该上学了。
It’s time for us to go home. 到了我们回家的时间了。
It’s time that we left. 我们该走了。
f. It+ be+时间+befor…“……之后才……”/since “自从……以来已有……”
如:It was about five gears before the state was united again. 大约五年之后国家才重新统一。
It is five years since we saw last time. 自从我们上次见面到现在已有五年了。
g. It’s up to sb, to do sth. 由某人来决定做某事。
如:It’s up to you to decide. 这事由你定。