Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle-Grammar—动词不定式作主语&Writing—建议信
Grammar——动词不定式作主语
1.To see is to believe.
2.To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
3.It is interesting to play with snow in winter.
4.It’s important for human beings to keep the balance of nature.
【自主发现】
1.动词不定式在句中可作主语。
2.可以用it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。
不定式是非谓语动词的一种，没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语(有名词和代词的作用)，通常表示具体的、特定的行为。
1.不定式作主语的用法
(1)不定式位于句首
To study English well is not easy.
学好英语不容易。
To save money now seems impossible.
现在好像不可能存钱。
[名师提醒] 表示单一概念的动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To make up for lost time is not possible.
要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。
(2)多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。常用于下列句式中。
①It＋be＋名词＋to do
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾老人是我们的责任。
②It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb)＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
我们很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。
“It is stupid of you to write down everything”，the teacher says.
老师说：“你把每件事都写下来，真是太蠢了。”
[名师提醒]
(1)该句式结构中for sb前常用表示事物的特征、特点的形容词，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting，impossible等。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
(2)of sb前一般用表示人物的性格、品德及主观感情或态度的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，right等。
It was silly of us to believe him.
我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
(3)疑问词＋不定式短语作主语可置于句首。
How to use the computer is a question.
如何使用计算机是个问题。
补全句子
①It takes about ten minutes .
步行去银行大约用十分钟时间。
②It was easy for us feeling a little misunderstood.(2020·江苏卷阅读D)
在一天结束的时候，我们很容易在被误解的感觉下入睡。
③ to say so.
你这样说真是太好了。
④It was a special time and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
这是一个特殊的时刻，我和我的孩子们建立了联系，让他们沉浸在书的奇妙中。
⑤ hasn’t been decided yet.
什么时候开会还没有定下来呢。
⑥The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise，it may be wise .
这些结果表明，要想从运动中获得最大的益处最好先不吃东西。
2. 动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)
To finish the task will take a long time.
完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体)
(3)不定式作主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
动名词作真正的主语的句型有：It’s no good (use，fun) doing/It’s a waste of time doing等。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
我仅用了5分钟便完成了工作。
It is no good arguing with him.He never listens to others.和他争论没用，他从不听别人的。
单句语法填空
① (walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
② (drive) a car during the rush hour is tiring.
③It is no use (cry)over the split milk.
④ (play)with fire is dangerous.
⑤ (play)with fire will be dangerous.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Sometimes it’s hard (let)go.For many British people，that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past—age-old castles，splendid homes...and red phone boxes.
2.He will find is easy to make friends in this city.
3. (get) there by bike will take us half an hour.
4.It was a big deal for us (load)up and go to the local library，where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
5.It’s very nice you to get me two tickets for the World Cup.
6.It’s necessary you to give up smoking.
7.How long did it take you (finish)the work
8.As is known，only (work) hard leads to happiness.
9.He says it’s not easy (convince) people that nutria fur is green，but he has no doubt about it.
10.How (learn) English well is important.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.It’s kind of you .
你能帮助我真是太好了。
2. is a Chinese traditional virtue and a symbol of civilization as well.
尊敬老人是中华民族的传统美德，也是文明的象征。
3.It’s hard ，but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.
很难确切说出有多少人同意他的观点，但研究表明，这个数字一段时间以来一直在上升。
4. to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
我们难以在十五分钟内完成这篇作文。
5.No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times .
不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。
6. becomes a daily discussion topic.
如何应对日益上涨的生活费用成为人们日常讨论的话题。
Ⅲ.语法填空
People use the word “friend” in a 1.____________ (various) of ways.A friend can mean anything from an acquaintance(泛泛之交) to someone you’ve known.Whoever they are，friends are an important part of life at every stage.
For some people，making friends is easy.For others，it can be 2.____________ struggle.It’s easy for people who know how to connect with others.But you don’t need to be clever or 3.____________ (charm) to make friends.People who make friends easily know how to be 4.____________ (them).There’s an old saying：“A friend is someone who knows you well—and 5.____________ (like) you anyway.”
There are three simple things you can do to make friends.First，you have to like yourself.Make a list of your 6.____________ (strong)，talents and achievements.That way，when you meet new people，you’ll know 7.____________ you have to share.Next，learn how to listen.To succeed in friendships，you need to show an interest 8.____________ others.Ask questions about other people.Finally，it’s a good idea 9.____________ (join) a club or take a class.That way，you can meet people who have similar interests.Good friends 10.____________ (usual) like the same things.
Writing——建议信
一、写作分析
建议信属于半开放性作文，大多要求考生根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理的建议，材料多为征求建议的信件。
二、篇章结构
建议信一般采取三段式结构：
首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的意图。
中段：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，用委婉的语言提出自己的建议、方法。
末段：表达希望，希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助。
三、语言特点
1.建议内容要详尽具体，不能含糊其辞；要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，表达时应选择得体的语言，语气要诚恳，有礼貌，切忌用语生硬呆板，泛泛而谈。
2.可提供的建议通常是多个，因此要注意各个建议之间的衔接。
一、 常用词汇
1.have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
2.follow the advice 遵从建议
3.advise/recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
4.attach importance to food quality 注重食品质量
5.develop a healthy eating habit 养成健康的饮食习惯
6.build up a body 增强体质
7.take in too much fat 摄入过多的脂肪
8.keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食
9.guarantee the safety of food 保障食品安全
10.take regular exercise 有规律的锻炼
二、常用句式
引出话题
1.I’m sorry you have trouble in...
2.I am writing to share some advice with you.
3.You have asked for some advice concerning...and I will try to give you my suggestions.
建议方法
1.I think it would be a good idea if...
2.In my opinion，it would be wise to...
3.If I were you，I would...
4.Why not...？/Why don’t you...
提出希望
1.I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/tips practical/useful/helpful.
2.I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.
为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。
内容要点如下：
1.表示理解并给予安慰；
2.提出建议并说明理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；
3.信的开头与结尾已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：temper n.脾气；情绪
Hi Worried，
I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment.
Yours，
Jamie
第一步 审题谋篇
体裁 建议信 时态 一般现在时和将来时
主题 有关生活和学习的建议 人称 第一和第二人称
布局 首段：对问题表示理解和安慰； 中段：具体建议及理由； 尾段：希望和祝愿。
第二步 要点翻译
1.这是一个让你的愤怒发泄而不伤害别人或自己的好方法。
This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.
2.这样一种积极的生活态度可以帮助提升你的精神。
Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.
第三步 词句升级
1.用so 合并句子。
The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be wrong.You don’t have to worry so much.
→The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be wrong，so you don’t have to worry so much.
2.用so that 和定语从句合并句子。
The important thing is to learn to control your temper.You may not do or say anything and you will regret it.
→The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret.
3.用as 合并句子。
Go outdoors and play team games with your friends.Physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.
→Go outdoors and play team games with your friends，as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.
第四步 连句成篇
Hi Worried，
I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment. The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be wrong，so you don’t have to worry so much.The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret.Here are three useful tips：
First，talk to someone you trust about how you feel.This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends，as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.And third，remain optimistic about your future.Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.
I hope you’ll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.
Yours，
Jamie
为了使同学们更加健康快乐地成长，学校决定向同学们征求建议。假如你是刘波，用英语向校长写一篇100词左右的建议信。
注意：1.文中应包含所有要点，并适当发挥；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Headmaster，
I’m very glad to write a letter to you.These days we are talking about how to have a better school life.
Here are some of my suggestions.First，I hope our school will
Hope my suggestions will be helpful.Thanks for reading my letter!
Yours sincerely，
Liu Bo
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Most people looking for ways to quit smoking worry about weight gain，and with good reason.Smokers who quit tend to pack on an average of 5 pounds after they stop smoking cigarettes.A new study，published by the journal Science，explains why this happens.
The new research explains that nicotine appears to combine with appetite-regulating neurons(调节食欲的神经元) in the brain，besides the receptors(感受器) that bring about addiction.These neurons help regulate how much food gets consumed，but under the influence of nicotine，they lose their self-control.This is why when smokers quit，they tend to eat more and gain weight.
The researchers believe that their discovery will lead to the development of drugs that aim at nicotine receptors on brain cells that control appetite.In the future，weight gain may no longer be a reason for smokers to delay the decision to kick the habit，but that’s no reason to wait.Nicotine-replacement treatment，while not for everyone，can help.Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.
Drink water.To improve metabolic(新陈代谢的) rates which is helpful in losing weight，make half of those glasses ice water.Juice can be too high in calories，something you’ll want to keep an eye on your journey toward being a slimmer non-smoker.
Plan your snacks.Healthy snacks help keep your metabolism working，so you continue to burn calories while stopping wild hunger pain，or fake hunger.
Keep moving.Exercise kills two birds with one stone.It helps you burn calories and prevents you from eating when you’re not truly hungry.It’s also a feel-good stress reliever(缓解物).Focus on your fitness and how being healthy makes you feel.Make exercise a goal and think of quitting as your reward for being physically fit.
1.Which of the following changes people’s appetite according to the new research
A.Nicotine.
B.Appetite-regulating neurons.
C.The receptors that bring about addiction.
D.The food that has been consumed.
2.The author believes that ________.
A.ice water can improve metabolic rates
B.smokers should eat fewer snacks to keep slim
C.stress can lead to fake hunger
D.exercise can help one eat less
3.According to the passage，we can infer that ________.
A.exercise helps you burn calories and makes you not want to eat
B.speeding up metabolic rates is helpful to lose weight
C.it is nicotine that regulates how much food gets consumed
D.drinking water is good to reduce the stress
4.The purpose of the text is ________.
A.to introduce the result of a new study
B.to explain the reason why smokers become slim
C.to prove the possibility of being a slim non-smoker
D.to tell us ways to quit smoking without gaining weight
B
People who keep doing some work in their field after they retire may enjoy better physical and mental health than those who stop working completely or switch to another area of work，according to a U.S.study.Researchers from the University of Maryland said that the findings suggest that prospective retirees should consider moving into so-called “bridge employment” as a transition(过渡) to full retirement.
For their study，Wang and his colleagues used data on more than 12，000 workers in a U.S.health study begun in 1992.Overall，Wang’s team found that people who went into some form of bridge employment were reported to have lower rates of major diseases like high blood pressure，heart disease，diabetes(糖尿病) and arthritis(关节炎) during the study period than their counterparts who went straight into full retirement.
On top of their better physical health，“bridge” workers also tended to have fewer mental health problems，such as depression.The same mental health benefits were not seen，however，when retirees took part-time work in other fields—possibly，Wang said，because many of these people may have taken those jobs out of financial need rather than choice.He noted that the lack of benefit could also stem from the fact that these retirees had to adjust to an unfamiliar job position or had to make lifestyle changes.
Bridge work，particularly in one’s accustomed field，may benefit physical and mental health for a number of reasons，according to Wang.In general，he explained，such work may help older adults maintain the active lifestyles they had during their careers and decrease any stress they might feel from the transition into retirement.Wang said，“When it comes to mental health，for instance，bridge work may help by allowing people to keep some of the ‘role identity’ that they have formed over their careers.”
Staying active in general，not only through work，can also benefit retirees’ physical health，Wang noted.He added，however，that any mental health benefits are likely to depend on the type of activity—whether it is something that the person truly enjoys，and that it will help ease any stress of moving into retirement.
5.When retirees take part-time jobs in unfamiliar fields，they will ________.
A.be less likely to have diseases than those who don’t take any job
B.benefit as much as those who take a job in the accustomed fields
C.benefit no more than those who go straight into full retirement
D.benefit much in their mental health
6.Which of the following is not a possible reason why the retirees who took jobs in other fields benefited less in mental health
A.They took their jobs out of earning money.
B.They were not accustomed to the new job.
C.They had to adjust their lifestyle.
D.They regretted having made a wrong choice.
7.What would be the best title of the text
A.Working after retirement can be good for your health
B.How to keep healthy after retirement
C.The ways of finding bridge work
D.The best way to relax
8.Which of the following is true of “bridge work”？
A.It must be a part-time job.
B.It can belong to the retirees’ unfamiliar field.
C.It can certainly bring comfort to retirees in mentality.
D.It can’t help to ease the stress the retirees might feel.
C
It’s tough to connect with nature at this time of year.Your days are spent under artificial lights in a room，while the last of autumn’s flowers are hidden beneath piles of fallen leaves.
NDD，or nature deficit(不足) disorder，has become hot lately.Although it’s not a recognized medical condition，concerns about its effects on health are attracting widespread attention.
“I guess it’s a symptom of the current lifestyle，” says Dr Ross Cameron of Sheffield University.“We’re so absorbed in modern technology and things that we’re less observant of the world around us and we’re more likely to learn about wildlife from the media than from a walk in the woods.”
Richard Louv coined the phrase “nature deficit disorder” in his book Last Child in the Woods.He argues that all of us，especially children，are spending more time indoors，which makes us separate from nature.
Dr Cameron gave his views on the subject in a lecture this month.“The phrase has been used to describe the thing where we used to have natural processes and natural experience in our life，and that seems to be becoming less common，” he said.“Any green environment—from pot plants to weeds—can provide green space that attracts wildlife and exposes people to the benefits of the natural world.And if we don’t experience natural places，this can be bad for our mental health.”
“As biological beings we are adapted to be in a certain green environment—to run，to play，to hunt and to be active basically，” said Dr Cameron，“The reality is we tend to sit for most of the day.”
9.What is the common concern about NDD
A.How to connect with nature.
B.What to do with fallen leaves.
C.How it affects people’s health.
D.What the latest hot word actually is.
10.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 4
A.Created. B.Repeated.
C.Hid. D.Observed.
11.What did Dr Cameron suggest doing in the text
A.Giving our own views on NDD.
B.Bringing nature back into our life.
C.Sitting in a room for most of the day.
D.Providing a better environment for wildlife.
Ⅱ.七选五
Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged If you answer yes，what you’ve experienced is negative self-talk.__1__.You say to yourself untrue things like，“I’m not good enough.I’m a disappointment.” These false beliefs stop us in our tracks.So，how do you stop the negative self-talk
·__2__
Know you’re special.You are “One of a Kind”！ There is no other person that thinks exactly like you.When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are，it’s easier to fight the negative self-talk.
·Change your associations
Your negative self-talk comes from your environment.You didn’t just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself.It may be because someone，somewhere in your life，has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not，you believe them.However，if you surround yourself with the right people，they will build you up，inspire you and make you feel better.__3__.
·Change your dialogue
Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day.Look at yourself in the mirror and say，“I am amazing！” __4__，and you’ll believe you are awesome pretty soon.
Of course，there are other things to stop negative self-talk.__5__，but if you are determined to think positively in every situation，that will bring a positive change in your life.
A.Think the same way
B.Change is not easy
C.Change your position
D.It begins in your brain
E.Change your state of mind
F.You’ll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts
G.You’ll start to believe the great things they tell you little by littleUnit 2 Healthy Lifestyle-Grammar—动词不定式作主语&Writing—建议信
Grammar——动词不定式作主语
1.To see is to believe.
2.To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
3.It is interesting to play with snow in winter.
4.It’s important for human beings to keep the balance of nature.
【自主发现】
1.动词不定式在句中可作主语。
2.可以用it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。
不定式是非谓语动词的一种，没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语(有名词和代词的作用)，通常表示具体的、特定的行为。
1.不定式作主语的用法
(1)不定式位于句首
To study English well is not easy.
学好英语不容易。
To save money now seems impossible.
现在好像不可能存钱。
[名师提醒] 表示单一概念的动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To make up for lost time is not possible.
要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。
(2)多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。常用于下列句式中。
①It＋be＋名词＋to do
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾老人是我们的责任。
②It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb)＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
我们很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。
“It is stupid of you to write down everything”，the teacher says.
老师说：“你把每件事都写下来，真是太蠢了。”
[名师提醒]
(1)该句式结构中for sb前常用表示事物的特征、特点的形容词，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting，impossible等。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
(2)of sb前一般用表示人物的性格、品德及主观感情或态度的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，right等。
It was silly of us to believe him.
我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
(3)疑问词＋不定式短语作主语可置于句首。
How to use the computer is a question.
如何使用计算机是个问题。
补全句子
①It takes about ten minutes .
步行去银行大约用十分钟时间。
②It was easy for us feeling a little misunderstood.(2020·江苏卷阅读D)
在一天结束的时候，我们很容易在被误解的感觉下入睡。
③ to say so.
你这样说真是太好了。
④It was a special time and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
这是一个特殊的时刻，我和我的孩子们建立了联系，让他们沉浸在书的奇妙中。
⑤ hasn’t been decided yet.
什么时候开会还没有定下来呢。
⑥The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise，it may be wise .
这些结果表明，要想从运动中获得最大的益处最好先不吃东西。
【答案】1.to walk to the bank2. to go to sleep at the end of the day3.It’s very kind of you 4.to bond with my children5.When to hold the meeting6.to skip eating first
2. 动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)
To finish the task will take a long time.
完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体)
(3)不定式作主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
动名词作真正的主语的句型有：It’s no good (use，fun) doing/It’s a waste of time doing等。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
我仅用了5分钟便完成了工作。
It is no good arguing with him.He never listens to others.和他争论没用，他从不听别人的。
单句语法填空
① (walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
② (drive) a car during the rush hour is tiring.
③It is no use (cry)over the split milk.
④ (play)with fire is dangerous.
⑤ (play)with fire will be dangerous.
【答案】1.Walking 2.Driving 3.crying 4.Playing 5.To play
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Sometimes it’s hard (let)go.For many British people，that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past—age-old castles，splendid homes...and red phone boxes.
2.He will find is easy to make friends in this city.
3. (get) there by bike will take us half an hour.
4.It was a big deal for us (load)up and go to the local library，where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
5.It’s very nice you to get me two tickets for the World Cup.
6.It’s necessary you to give up smoking.
7.How long did it take you (finish)the work
8.As is known，only (work) hard leads to happiness.
9.He says it’s not easy (convince) people that nutria fur is green，but he has no doubt about it.
10.How (learn) English well is important.
【答案】1.to let2.it 3.To get4.to load5.of 6.for 7.to finish8.working 9. to convince10.to convince
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.It’s kind of you .
你能帮助我真是太好了。
2. is a Chinese traditional virtue and a symbol of civilization as well.
尊敬老人是中华民族的传统美德，也是文明的象征。
3.It’s hard ，but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.
很难确切说出有多少人同意他的观点，但研究表明，这个数字一段时间以来一直在上升。
4. to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
我们难以在十五分钟内完成这篇作文。
5.No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times .
不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。
6. becomes a daily discussion topic.
如何应对日益上涨的生活费用成为人们日常讨论的话题。
【答案】1. to do me a favour2.Respecting the elderly3. to tell exactly how many people agree with him4.It is difficult for us5.when it’s better to remain silent6.How to cope with the rising cost of living
Ⅲ.语法填空
People use the word “friend” in a 1.____________ (various) of ways.A friend can mean anything from an acquaintance(泛泛之交) to someone you’ve known.Whoever they are，friends are an important part of life at every stage.
For some people，making friends is easy.For others，it can be 2.____________ struggle.It’s easy for people who know how to connect with others.But you don’t need to be clever or 3.____________ (charm) to make friends.People who make friends easily know how to be 4.____________ (them).There’s an old saying：“A friend is someone who knows you well—and 5.____________ (like) you anyway.”
There are three simple things you can do to make friends.First，you have to like yourself.Make a list of your 6.____________ (strong)，talents and achievements.That way，when you meet new people，you’ll know 7.____________ you have to share.Next，learn how to listen.To succeed in friendships，you need to show an interest 8.____________ others.Ask questions about other people.Finally，it’s a good idea 9.____________ (join) a club or take a class.That way，you can meet people who have similar interests.Good friends 10.____________ (usual) like the same things.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，主要介绍了交朋友的三个简单步骤。
【答案】1.variety 考查固定搭配。句意：人们用各种各样的方式使用“朋友”这个词。根据句意可知，此处考查固定搭配a variety of。
2.a 考查冠词。句意：对其他人来说，它可能是一种挣扎。此处struggle为可数名词，表示“挣扎”，且struggle的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用冠词a。
3.charming 考查词性转换。根据空前的“clever or”并结合句意可知，此处应用形容词。
4.themselves 考查代词。句意：交朋友的人很容易明白如何做自己。根据句意和主语People可知，此处应用themselves。
5.likes 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，且此处和knows并列作谓语，故填likes。
6.strengths 考查名词。根据后面的“talents and achievements”并结合句意可知，此处应用名词，且strength作“优点”讲时为可数名词，所以用strengths。
7.what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。
8.in 考查介词。此处表示你需要对他人表现出兴趣。show an interest in...意为“对……表现出兴趣”，为固定用法。
9.to join 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to join。
10.usually 考查副词。句意：好朋友通常喜欢相同的东西。空处修饰空后的动词like，故用副词usually。
Writing——建议信
一、写作分析
建议信属于半开放性作文，大多要求考生根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理的建议，材料多为征求建议的信件。
二、篇章结构
建议信一般采取三段式结构：
首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的意图。
中段：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，用委婉的语言提出自己的建议、方法。
末段：表达希望，希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助。
三、语言特点
1.建议内容要详尽具体，不能含糊其辞；要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，表达时应选择得体的语言，语气要诚恳，有礼貌，切忌用语生硬呆板，泛泛而谈。
2.可提供的建议通常是多个，因此要注意各个建议之间的衔接。
一、 常用词汇
1.have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
2.follow the advice 遵从建议
3.advise/recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
4.attach importance to food quality 注重食品质量
5.develop a healthy eating habit 养成健康的饮食习惯
6.build up a body 增强体质
7.take in too much fat 摄入过多的脂肪
8.keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食
9.guarantee the safety of food 保障食品安全
10.take regular exercise 有规律的锻炼
二、常用句式
引出话题
1.I’m sorry you have trouble in...
2.I am writing to share some advice with you.
3.You have asked for some advice concerning...and I will try to give you my suggestions.
建议方法
1.I think it would be a good idea if...
2.In my opinion，it would be wise to...
3.If I were you，I would...
4.Why not...？/Why don’t you...
提出希望
1.I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/tips practical/useful/helpful.
2.I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.
为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。
内容要点如下：
1.表示理解并给予安慰；
2.提出建议并说明理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；
3.信的开头与结尾已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：temper n.脾气；情绪
Hi Worried，
I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment.
Yours，
Jamie
第一步 审题谋篇
体裁 建议信 时态 一般现在时和将来时
主题 有关生活和学习的建议 人称 第一和第二人称
布局 首段：对问题表示理解和安慰； 中段：具体建议及理由； 尾段：希望和祝愿。
第二步 要点翻译
1.这是一个让你的愤怒发泄而不伤害别人或自己的好方法。
This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.
2.这样一种积极的生活态度可以帮助提升你的精神。
Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.
第三步 词句升级
1.用so 合并句子。
The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be wrong.You don’t have to worry so much.
→The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be wrong，so you don’t have to worry so much.
2.用so that 和定语从句合并句子。
The important thing is to learn to control your temper.You may not do or say anything and you will regret it.
→The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret.
3.用as 合并句子。
Go outdoors and play team games with your friends.Physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.
→Go outdoors and play team games with your friends，as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.
第四步 连句成篇
Hi Worried，
I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment. The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be wrong，so you don’t have to worry so much.The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret.Here are three useful tips：
First，talk to someone you trust about how you feel.This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends，as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.And third，remain optimistic about your future.Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.
I hope you’ll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.
Yours，
Jamie
为了使同学们更加健康快乐地成长，学校决定向同学们征求建议。假如你是刘波，用英语向校长写一篇100词左右的建议信。
注意：1.文中应包含所有要点，并适当发挥；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Headmaster，
I’m very glad to write a letter to you.These days we are talking about how to have a better school life.
Here are some of my suggestions.First，I hope our school will
Hope my suggestions will be helpful.Thanks for reading my letter!
Yours sincerely，
Liu Bo
【参考范文】
Dear Headmaster，
I’m very glad to write a letter to you.These days we are talking about how to have a better school life.
Here are some of my suggestions.First，I hope our school will open the library more often.Second，I think our school can organize more after-class activities.Next I hope our school will give us more time for sports，art and music.And I suggest our school should organize fewer exams as well.As for our teachers，I hope they will be our friends and make classes more interesting.And if they can talk less but more clearly in class，we will be more interested in studying and have more time to practice.What’s more，I hope they will give us less homework and finish classes on time.
Hope my suggestions will be helpful.Thanks for reading my letter!
Yours sincerely，
Liu Bo
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Most people looking for ways to quit smoking worry about weight gain，and with good reason.Smokers who quit tend to pack on an average of 5 pounds after they stop smoking cigarettes.A new study，published by the journal Science，explains why this happens.
The new research explains that nicotine appears to combine with appetite-regulating neurons(调节食欲的神经元) in the brain，besides the receptors(感受器) that bring about addiction.These neurons help regulate how much food gets consumed，but under the influence of nicotine，they lose their self-control.This is why when smokers quit，they tend to eat more and gain weight.
The researchers believe that their discovery will lead to the development of drugs that aim at nicotine receptors on brain cells that control appetite.In the future，weight gain may no longer be a reason for smokers to delay the decision to kick the habit，but that’s no reason to wait.Nicotine-replacement treatment，while not for everyone，can help.Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.
Drink water.To improve metabolic(新陈代谢的) rates which is helpful in losing weight，make half of those glasses ice water.Juice can be too high in calories，something you’ll want to keep an eye on your journey toward being a slimmer non-smoker.
Plan your snacks.Healthy snacks help keep your metabolism working，so you continue to burn calories while stopping wild hunger pain，or fake hunger.
Keep moving.Exercise kills two birds with one stone.It helps you burn calories and prevents you from eating when you’re not truly hungry.It’s also a feel-good stress reliever(缓解物).Focus on your fitness and how being healthy makes you feel.Make exercise a goal and think of quitting as your reward for being physically fit.
【语篇解读】 为什么戒烟后人会发胖？该如何应对戒烟后发胖的问题呢？
1.Which of the following changes people’s appetite according to the new research
A.Nicotine.
B.Appetite-regulating neurons.
C.The receptors that bring about addiction.
D.The food that has been consumed.
【答案】 A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在尼古丁的作用下，调节食欲的神经元失控，故归根结底，是尼古丁“改变”了人们的食欲。
2.The author believes that ________.
A.ice water can improve metabolic rates
B.smokers should eat fewer snacks to keep slim
C.stress can lead to fake hunger
D.exercise can help one eat less
【答案】 A 细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“To improve metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates...ice water.”可知，A项正确。
3.According to the passage，we can infer that ________.
A.exercise helps you burn calories and makes you not want to eat
B.speeding up metabolic rates is helpful to lose weight
C.it is nicotine that regulates how much food gets consumed
D.drinking water is good to reduce the stress
【答案】 B 推理判断题。由第四段第二句可知，加快新陈代谢的速度可以帮助减轻体重，故B项正确。
4.The purpose of the text is ________.
A.to introduce the result of a new study
B.to explain the reason why smokers become slim
C.to prove the possibility of being a slim non-smoker
D.to tell us ways to quit smoking without gaining weight
【答案】 D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章从一项新的研究成果谈起，分析了戒烟后体重增加的生理原因，并重点介绍了几种应对方法。故选D项。
B
People who keep doing some work in their field after they retire may enjoy better physical and mental health than those who stop working completely or switch to another area of work，according to a U.S.study.Researchers from the University of Maryland said that the findings suggest that prospective retirees should consider moving into so-called “bridge employment” as a transition(过渡) to full retirement.
For their study，Wang and his colleagues used data on more than 12，000 workers in a U.S.health study begun in 1992.Overall，Wang’s team found that people who went into some form of bridge employment were reported to have lower rates of major diseases like high blood pressure，heart disease，diabetes(糖尿病) and arthritis(关节炎) during the study period than their counterparts who went straight into full retirement.
On top of their better physical health，“bridge” workers also tended to have fewer mental health problems，such as depression.The same mental health benefits were not seen，however，when retirees took part-time work in other fields—possibly，Wang said，because many of these people may have taken those jobs out of financial need rather than choice.He noted that the lack of benefit could also stem from the fact that these retirees had to adjust to an unfamiliar job position or had to make lifestyle changes.
Bridge work，particularly in one’s accustomed field，may benefit physical and mental health for a number of reasons，according to Wang.In general，he explained，such work may help older adults maintain the active lifestyles they had during their careers and decrease any stress they might feel from the transition into retirement.Wang said，“When it comes to mental health，for instance，bridge work may help by allowing people to keep some of the ‘role identity’ that they have formed over their careers.”
Staying active in general，not only through work，can also benefit retirees’ physical health，Wang noted.He added，however，that any mental health benefits are likely to depend on the type of activity—whether it is something that the person truly enjoys，and that it will help ease any stress of moving into retirement.
【语篇解读】 研究表明退休人员继续从事一份过渡性的工作，尤其是在自己熟悉的领域，有益于身心健康。
5.When retirees take part-time jobs in unfamiliar fields，they will ________.
A.be less likely to have diseases than those who don’t take any job
B.benefit as much as those who take a job in the accustomed fields
C.benefit no more than those who go straight into full retirement
D.benefit much in their mental health
【答案】 A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，退休人员跨领域继续工作比不工作的人患病概率低。
6.Which of the following is not a possible reason why the retirees who took jobs in other fields benefited less in mental health
A.They took their jobs out of earning money.
B.They were not accustomed to the new job.
C.They had to adjust their lifestyle.
D.They regretted having made a wrong choice.
【答案】 D 细节理解题。第三段指出，跨领域从事过渡性工作的退休人员在心理健康方面受益并不明显，这是因为他们从事工作大多出于经济原因，他们不得不调整生活方式，适应新的工作。
7.What would be the best title of the text
A.Working after retirement can be good for your health
B.How to keep healthy after retirement
C.The ways of finding bridge work
D.The best way to relax
【答案】 A 标题归纳题。综合分析文章内容可知A项最符合文章主旨。
8.Which of the following is true of “bridge work”？
A.It must be a part-time job.
B.It can belong to the retirees’ unfamiliar field.
C.It can certainly bring comfort to retirees in mentality.
D.It can’t help to ease the stress the retirees might feel.
【答案】 B 细节理解题。过渡性工作是指退休人员退休后从事的工作，也包括跨领域的工作。
C
It’s tough to connect with nature at this time of year.Your days are spent under artificial lights in a room，while the last of autumn’s flowers are hidden beneath piles of fallen leaves.
NDD，or nature deficit(不足) disorder，has become hot lately.Although it’s not a recognized medical condition，concerns about its effects on health are attracting widespread attention.
“I guess it’s a symptom of the current lifestyle，” says Dr Ross Cameron of Sheffield University.“We’re so absorbed in modern technology and things that we’re less observant of the world around us and we’re more likely to learn about wildlife from the media than from a walk in the woods.”
Richard Louv coined the phrase “nature deficit disorder” in his book Last Child in the Woods.He argues that all of us，especially children，are spending more time indoors，which makes us separate from nature.
Dr Cameron gave his views on the subject in a lecture this month.“The phrase has been used to describe the thing where we used to have natural processes and natural experience in our life，and that seems to be becoming less common，” he said.“Any green environment—from pot plants to weeds—can provide green space that attracts wildlife and exposes people to the benefits of the natural world.And if we don’t experience natural places，this can be bad for our mental health.”
“As biological beings we are adapted to be in a certain green environment—to run，to play，to hunt and to be active basically，” said Dr Cameron，“The reality is we tend to sit for most of the day.”
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了自然缺失症对人身心健康的危害及应对措施。
9.What is the common concern about NDD
A.How to connect with nature.
B.What to do with fallen leaves.
C.How it affects people’s health.
D.What the latest hot word actually is.
【答案】 C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“concerns about its effects on health are attracting widespread attention”可知，引起人们广泛担忧的是自然缺失症对健康的影响。故正确答案为C。
10.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 4
A.Created. B.Repeated.
C.Hid. D.Observed.
【答案】 A 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，这句话的意思是“在《林间最后的小孩》一书中，Richard Louv 创造出了这一短语——自然缺失症”。故正确答案为A。
11.What did Dr Cameron suggest doing in the text
A.Giving our own views on NDD.
B.Bringing nature back into our life.
C.Sitting in a room for most of the day.
D.Providing a better environment for wildlife.
【答案】 B 推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，自然缺失症对人的健康有害，所以我们应该多接触绿色的自然世界，而不是久坐在室内。故正确答案为B。
Ⅱ.七选五
Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged If you answer yes，what you’ve experienced is negative self-talk.__1__.You say to yourself untrue things like，“I’m not good enough.I’m a disappointment.” These false beliefs stop us in our tracks.So，how do you stop the negative self-talk
·__2__
Know you’re special.You are “One of a Kind”！ There is no other person that thinks exactly like you.When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are，it’s easier to fight the negative self-talk.
·Change your associations
Your negative self-talk comes from your environment.You didn’t just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself.It may be because someone，somewhere in your life，has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not，you believe them.However，if you surround yourself with the right people，they will build you up，inspire you and make you feel better.__3__.
·Change your dialogue
Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day.Look at yourself in the mirror and say，“I am amazing！” __4__，and you’ll believe you are awesome pretty soon.
Of course，there are other things to stop negative self-talk.__5__，but if you are determined to think positively in every situation，that will bring a positive change in your life.
A.Think the same way
B.Change is not easy
C.Change your position
D.It begins in your brain
E.Change your state of mind
F.You’ll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts
G.You’ll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，主要介绍了如何停止消极的自我对话。
1.【答案】D 空前一句是说如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所经历的就是消极的自我对话。空后是说你对自己说一些不真实的情况，由此可推知，D项“它始于你的大脑”衔接上下文，符合语境。
2.【答案】E 根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。本段内容都是在描述一个人好的心态的表现，故E项“改变你的心态”最能概括本段内容。
3.【答案】G 根据空前一句“然而，如果你结交了正确的人，他们会让你振作起来，激励你，让你感觉更好”可知，G项“你会开始逐渐地相信他们告诉你的美好的事情”衔接上文，符合语境。
4.【答案】A 空前一句是说看着镜子中的自己对自己说“我太棒了”，空后是说你很快就会相信你很棒，由此可知A项符合语境。
5.【答案】B 空后表示“但如果你决心在任何情况下都积极思考，这将给你的生活带来积极的改变”。其中but为表转折意义的提示词，故B项“改变并不容易”符合语境，衔接下文。
