江苏省盐城市2022-2023学年高二下学期期初学业水平考试英语试题

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江苏省盐城市2022-2023学年高二下学期期初学业水平考试英语试题
一、阅读（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The first rule of popular
science is to reveal the wonder and mystery of the world. For that reason, Sentient(Picador),
written by photographer and wildlife film-maker Jackie Higgins, is my pick of
the year. According to my interviews with many readers, I select other four
newly-published books in 2022.
Delicious
This book describes how our
ancestors hunted and consumed ancient animals such as mammoths, bison, giant
camels and many more now-extinct species. The diet of the Clovis peoples of
North America was a menu described as "a record of a lost world". This
book explains how our dinners robbed the world of so many large animals. It
gives inspiration for how modern humans can be at peace with nature
The New Climate War
In 1999, Mann published a
graph showing the rapid post-industrial rise in global temperatures. Two
decades later, his book The New Climate War remains convinced that we can
prevent climate change. This book sets out a common-sense approach to carbon
pricing and a revision of the Green New Deal. Of course, there are still many
people who deny that climate change is even happening.
The Geodesic Dome
Physicist Kate Greene
imagines that she spends four months in a geodesic dome（网格状的穹顶）in
Hawaii, with five other people, to mimic（模仿） living in a colony on another planet. The story describes the
future of our Earth. Kate makes readers cherish the natural environment. "No
sunshine on our skin, and no fresh air in our lungs, " Greene turns the
frustrations into a moving story.
Florida Scrub-Jay
The birds were once common
across the peninsula（半岛）. But as development over the last 100 years
reduced the habitats on which the bird depends, the species became endangered. Mark
Walters travels the state to report on the natural history and the current
situation of Florida's flag ship birds. This book can raise people's awareness
of protecting the birds' habitats.
1．What can we infer about the author from the text
A．He's a column journalist. B．He's a scientist.
C．He's a film-maker. D．He's a photographer.
2．Which book might be science fiction
A．Delicious. B．Florida Scrub-Jay.
C．The Geodesic Dome. D．The New Climate War.
3．What do the listed books have in common
A．They have happy endings.
B．They record the natural history.
C．They face doubts from many scientists.
D．They involve the environmental protection.
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Twenty years ago, German-born Kathrin von Rechenberg left Paris, France, where she used to work for some luxury brands. She didn't leave to make a fortune. In search of a particular kind of material called fragrant cloud organza（香云纱）, she came to Shunde, a small city in South China's Guangdong Province.
Rechenberg has a passion for making clothes at a very young age. When she was 11, she made her first dress by herself. Then she went to a specialized school for three years to improve her skills in clothes making. After earning the first prize in a clothesmaking competition in Germany, she won a full scholarship from the top haute couture（高级女式时装）school in Paris. There, she worked for famous haute couture houses as an honor graduate.
But instead of following the steps of some famous designers in haute couture houses, she simply quit her job, and made her way to China to explore the beauty of fragrant cloud organza. As a result, she created her own brand, Rechenberg Art Couture, and found a way to express her own philosophy in making clothes.
Rechenberg learned that the production of the material involves more than 30 intervals of dyeing（染色）and natural drying at each interval, while the last step is to cover the fabrics with mud so that the latter's rich iron elements can react with the tannic acid and silk fiber to change the colors. After the dyeing, the fabrics must stand for years before the entire process is completed. However, such materials nourished （滋养） by the natural soil, water, and sunshine have a unique energy and become fabrics that can "breathe".
She draws inspiration from geometric lines and architectural shapes and reduces unnecessary tailoring to preserve the original art design as much as possible. For Rechenberg, a perfect cut should be precise and smooth, just like Chinese calligraphy, which is often finished at one stretch. In addition, she always avoids complicated decorations. "Making clothes is about taking off things unnecessary, and you have more strength when it is kept simple, "she said.
In 2020, Rechenberg was awarded the title of friendship ambassador of China's textile intangible cultural heritage. Meanwhile, her own brand has become increasingly popular.
4．Why did Rechenberg come to Shunde
A．To earn fame and fortune.
B．To seek for a special material.
C．To share her work experience.
D．To learn new skills in making clothes.
5．What words could best describe Rechenberg
A．Confident and committed. B．Curious and considerate.
C．Ambitious and determined. D．Talented and elegant.
6．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about fragrant cloud organza
A．Its high quality. B．Its unique color.
C．Its storage conditions. D．Its production process.
7．Why is Chinese calligraphy mentioned in paragraph 5
A．To stress the importance of decorating clothes.
B．To show the inspiration for Rechenberg's clothes designing.
C．To explain Rechenberg's concept of clothes tailoring.
D．To state the impact of traditional culture on making fabrics.
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Many ancient populations
used inscriptions（铭文） to document different parts of their lives. But
the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries.
The researchers, led by
Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, developed a new AI-based method which serves as
a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and
estimate the true origins of the records. They call their tool Ithaca. The
system is the first deep neural（神经的）network that can restore the missing text of
damaged inscriptions. The researchers said it trained Ithaca on the largest
collection of data containing Greek inscriptions from the non-profit Packard
Humanities Institute in California. Feeding this data into the system is
designed to help the tool use past writings to predict missing letters and
words in damaged inscriptions.
The researchers reported
that in experiments with damaged writings, Ithaca was able to correctly predict
missing inscription elements 62% of the time. In addition, the tool was 71%
correct in identifying where the inscriptions first came from. And when
historians work on their own, the success rate for restoring damaged
inscriptions is about 25%. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in
their work, the success rate jumped to 72%.
Thea Sommerschield from
Ca'Foscari University of Venice said the system had already provided new
information to help researchers reexamine important periods in Greek history. In
one case, Ithaca confirmed new evidence presented by historians about the
dating of a series of important Greek decrees（法令）. The decrees were first
thought to have been written before 446/445 BCE. But the new evidence suggested
a date in the 420s BCE. Ithaca predicted a date of 421 BCE. The date change may
seem small but it has significant implications for our understanding of the political
history of Classical Athens.
The team is currently
working on other versions of Ithaca trained on other ancient languages. DeepMind
has launched a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by
researchers, educators, museum workers and the public.
8．What is the function of Ithaca
A．Restoring and identifying damaged inscriptions.
B．Interpreting and protecting historical documents.
C．Exploring and tracing the origins of Greek letters.
D．Collecting and translating past writings into English.
9．What do the numbers in paragraph 3 mainly indicate
A．The inscriptions are of great value to human.
B．Ithaca helps researchers work more effectively.
C．The demand for reading ancient records is increasing.
D．The process of repairing damaged writings is complicated.
10．Why does the author mention the case in paragraph 4
A．To show the limitations of Ithaca.
B．To support Sommerschield's statement.
C．To explain the history of Greek decrees.
D．To prove the importance of dates to historians.
11．What is the passage mainly about
A．The achievements of Greek historians.
B．The disappearance of ancient Greek culture.
C．A rising trend of studying ancient languages.
D．An AI system for repairing missing writings.
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
If history is "a race
between education and catastrophe", education seemed until recently to be
winning. In 1950 only about half of adults globally had any schooling; now at
least 85% do. Between 2000 and 2018, the proportion（比例）of
school-age children who were not enrolled（使加入）in
classes fell from 26％ to 17％. But
the rapid rise in attendance masked an ugly truth: many pupils were spending
years behind desks but learning almost nothing. In 2019 the World Bank started
keeping count of the number of children who still cannot read by the time they
finish primary school. It found that less than half of ten-year-olds in
developing countries could read and understand a simple story.
Then the pandemic struck
and millions of pupils were locked out of school. It should be noted that
globally, the harm that school closures have done to children has vastly
outweighed any benefits they may have had for public health. The World Bank
says the share of ten-year-olds in middle-and low-income countries who cannot
read and understand a simple story has risen from 57% in 2019 to roughly 70%. If
they lack such elementary skills, they will struggle to earn a good living.
This should be seen for
what it is: a global emergency. Nearly every problem that confronts humanity
can be alleviated by good schooling. Better-educated people are more
likely to work out a cleaner energy source, a cure for malaria or a smarter
town plan. If the damage the pandemic has done to education is not reversed（逆转）, all
these goals will be harder to reach.
Politicians talk endlessly
about the importance of schooling, but words are cheap and a fit-for-purpose
education system is not. Spending has risen modestly in recent decades but fell
in many countries during the pandemic. Apart from the money, the education
system itself is in urgent need of change: Testing is a mess, leading
governments to overestimate levels of literacy. New teachers have been hired
but not trained properly. Teachers, who have come through the same education
systems they are supposed to be improving, often struggle to teach.
The same energy that was
once poured into building schools and filling up classrooms should now be used
to improve the lessons that take place within them. No more children should
stumble（蹒跚而行）through their school days without learning
to read or add up.
12．What did the World Bank find out about pupils in 2019
A．They could hardly concentrate in class.
B．Many of them had to drop out of school.
C．They had difficulty finishing primary school.
D．Many of them failed to acquire necessary knowledge.
13．What does the author say about school closures
A．They could well protect children's health.
B．They made matters worse for children.
C．They produced unexpected benefits for public health.
D．They made it hard for teachers to make a good living.
14．What does the underlined word "alleviated" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．reduced B．caused C．described D．strengthened
15．What change needs to be made to the current education system
A．Primary schools should only hire experienced teachers.
B．Teachers should be motivated to cooperate with each other.
C．A reliable system should be created to test pupils' knowledge and ability.
D．Primary schools should spend more on improving facilities.
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Applying the correct time management skills and tips can help you get more organized and increase productivity. The more of these tools you learn to use, the more that you will get done each day.
　16． 　First, get your work list ready for the following day the evening or night before. The best exercise is for you to plan your entire next day as the last thing you do before coming home from work. When you plan your day the night before, your subconscious then goes to work on your plans and goals while you are asleep. Very often you will wake up in the morning with ideas and insights that apply to the work of the day. 　17． 　A major reason for insomnia（失眠）is your lying awake trying not to forget to remember everything that you have to do the following day.
Schedule your time. 　18． 　The very act of using your organizational skills to plan your day, week, and month, gives you a greater feeling of control and will help increase productivity throughout your day. You'll feel in charge of your life. Mastering your time organization actually increases your self-esteem（ 自尊） and improves your sense of personal power.
Start early. To increase productivity, start your day early. 　19． 　In the biographies and autobiographies of successful men and women, almost all of them have one thing in common. They developed great organizational skills and the habit of going to bed at a reasonable hour and rising early. Many successful people arise at 5:00 A. M. or 5:30 A. M. 　20． 　As a result, they are always more effective than those who sleep in until the last possible moment.
A. Prepare in advance. B. It reduces stress and releases energy. C. Increase productivity with prime time. D. Then they can have enough time to think and plan for the coming day. E. Your most important work requires that you be at your best, and creative. F. A major benefit of doing so is that this exercise lets you sleep more soundly. G. The more time you take to think and plan, the better organized you will be in your life.
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
One day, my uncle brought home a parrot. My cousin and I called it Mitthu. My family were so 21． strongly that they trimmed（剪掉） its wings. They said if it left home, it wouldn't 22． outside without us.
As time went by, we grew and so did Mitthu. Its wings grew quite a lot. Mitthu wasn't kept in a cage. I sometimes wondered why it didn't 23． . Maybe it was quite attached to us and didn't want to leave us, or it didn't want to leave the luxurious life and 24． the harsh reality of life.
As I grew older, I 25． that Mitthu's life wasn't very different from mine. I was pampered（溺爱）and 26． carefully. I was prohibited from really 27． the outside world. My house became my whole world, which was like an invisible 28． that had bound my spirit.
Now I'm sent out to study and told that I have the whole sky to fly, but 29． , just as Mitthu, I am not able to do so. Mitthu and I might be two different beings but we are 30． in a similar situation. I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents' feelings. These emotions and 31． will never really allow us to fly independently!
It's good for parents to love and 32． their children, but, sometimes, over-protectiveness from parents might harm their children's future and 33． children's decisions. True 34． is to allow kids to grow freely and let them try 35． things. Thus, they will be brimming with confidence and courage.
21．A．primitive B．extensive C．aggressive D．possessive
22．A．survive B．escape C．appear D．change
23．A．come around B．fly
away C．come back D．take shape
24．A．ignore B．represent C．shift D．face
25．A．realized B．expected C．dismissed D．convinced
26．A．evaluated B．educated C．tended D．exposed
27．A．keeping up with B．coming down to
C．breaking away from D．getting along
with
28．A．bunch B．cage C．light D．cave
29．A．rarely B．gradually C．sadly D．violently
30．A．trapped B．frozen C．hatched D．stored
31．A．strength B．sympathy C．commitment D．attachment
32．A．adopt B．ban C．protect D．entertain
33．A．influence B．support C．forecast D．comprise
34．A．harmony B．love C．freedom D．equality
35．A．humble B．different C．unique D．intense
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。
Still consider the CBA China's　36． 　(popular) basketball league Think again!
With over 10, 000 spectators（观众）　37． 　(roar) on their feet every night, 　38． 　amateur inter-village basketball tournament held last week in Southwest China's Guizhou province has become a massive hit online.
In 2018, the village-level tournament　39． 　(include) in the Chi Xin Festival, which celebrates harvest on the sixth of June on the lunar calendar. Since then, the annual competition has become a center for enthusiasts from nearby and many who drive up to 200 km from Guiyang and surrounding areas　40． 　(experience) the unique gathering.
"The number of spectators and the participating areas that the tournament covers 　41． 　(increase) for four continuous years, and the key to its popularity is　42． 　this tournament truly belongs to local people and connects neighborhoods like no other event does. The proximity（邻近）to each and every player and spectator makes it special," said Cen Jianglong, a co-organizer of the tournament, 　43． 　has played basketball recreationally for 20 years.
During the four-day competition, over 50 million online　44． 　(view) had tuned in to watch live streaming of the games. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian also joined in the fun, sharing a video clip of the games on Twitter accompanied by the message: "The rural basketball match in Guizhou is on!　45． 　_a great atmosphere!"
五、写作（共两节，满分40分）
46．（2023高二下·盐城开学考）假定你是李华，你校将在学校网站开设一系列有关中国文化的直播课。请你给留学生朋友Fred写封邮件，邀请他观看直播，内容包括：
1）表明写信目的；
2）介绍直播课的有关情况（如目的、内容、时间等）；
3）期待回复。
注意：1）写作词数应为80左右；2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Fred,
Yours,
Li Hua
47．（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A few days before Christmas, while enjoying coffees, my girlfriend and I noticed a woman trying to get her bank card to work.
"Do you know her " I asked my friend.
"I do. Give me a minute. I'm going to go and see if I can help," she replied, standing up to walk over to her.
A few minutes later, my friend returned to the table with the woman. The woman looked upset. Her eyes were swollen, as if she'd been crying all night. She looked pale, tired, and messy. After I was introduced, my friend asked her if she was okay. She admitted she wasn't and burst into tears.
I could sense she was a little embarrassed by her emotional response. Wanting to put her at ease, I quickly told her not to worry. I shared that I was a new mom with many troubles and I'd already cried fourteen times that day. She laughed but soon her tears were flowing again.
For the next forty-five minutes, my friend and I both sat and patiently listened to her. She lost her husband before Christmas and their bank accounts were now left nothing. As a stay-at-home mom of two, in one split second, her entire life had come crashing down around her.
We tried our best to cheer her up. My friend even tried to give her some cash, which she refused. When she finally got up to leave, she wiped her tears, thanked us both for listening, and walked out.
As I drove home, I couldn't stop thinking about how depressed she looked when she left the cafe. No one deserves to feel that sad, I thought, especially right before Christmas. There must be something I can do to help. I racked my brain（绞尽脑汁） for an answer.
注意：
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头已给出。
Gladly, a solution came.
The kids were overjoyed when hearing that Santa（圣诞老人）sent them gifts.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2022新出版的最受读者喜爱的揭示了世界的奇迹和神秘的四本书。
【点评】本题考查阅读理解，涉及细节理解和推理判断两个常考题型的考查，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段中“According to my interviews with many readers, I select other four newly-published books in 2022.”根据我对许多读者的采访，我选择了其他四本2022年新出版的书。可推断出，作者是一位专栏记者。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Physicist Kate Greene imagines that she spends four months in a geodesic dome in Hawaii, with five other people, to mimice living in a colony on another planet. The story describes the future of our Earth.”物理学家凯特·格林想象她和另外五个人在夏威夷的一个测地线圆顶中度过四个月，以模拟在另一个星球上的殖民地生活。这个故事描述了我们地球的未来。可知，Kate描绘的世界是虚拟的，想象了地球的未来，所以只有The Geodesic Dome是科幻小说，其他都是写的现实中真实存在的场景。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“It gives inspiration for how modern humans can be at peace with nature”它为现代人类如何与自然和平相处提供了灵感。第三段中“This book sets out a common-sense approach to carbon pricing and a revision of the Green New Deal.”这本书提出了碳定价的常识性方法，并对绿色新政进行了修订。第四段“Kate makes readers cherish the natural environment.”凯特让读者珍惜自然环境。以及最后一段“This book can raise people's awareness of protecting the birds' habitats.”这本书可以提高人们保护鸟类栖息地的意识。可知，所有的书都涉及到了环境保护。故选D。
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．D
7．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了德国人Rechenberg一直在探索一种美丽的布料——中国香云纱并创建自己独特服装品牌的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
4．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段最后一句"In search of a particular kind of material called fragrant cloud organza（香云纱）, she came to Shunde, a small city in South China's Guangdong Province."寻找一种特殊的叫做香云纱的材料，她来到了中国南方广东省的一个小城市顺德。可知Rechenberg来到顺德为了寻找一种叫做香云纱的特殊材料。故选B。
5．考查推理判断。根据文章第三段"But instead of following the steps of some famous designers in haute couture houses, she simply quit her job, and made her way to China to explore the beauty of fragrant cloud organza."但是，她并没有跟随高级时装店的一些著名设计师的脚步，而是干脆辞去了工作，前往中国探索香云纱的美丽。可知，Rechenberg自小就对做衣服感兴趣，并为此潜心学习，取得可以和高级时装店的一些著名设计师共同工作的机会，但是她并不满足，毅然地辞去工作，不断探索，最终创建了属于自己的品牌，所以我们知道她是一个既坚定"determined"又有雄心壮志"ambitious"的人。故选C。
6．考查主旨大意。根据第四段"Rechenberg learned that the production of the material involves more than 30 intervals of dyeing（染色）and natural drying at each interval, while the last step is to cover the fabrics with mud so that the latter's rich iron elements can react with the tannic acid and silk fiber to change the colors. "Rechenberg了解到，这种材料的生产需要30多个时间间隔的染色而且每一次间隔都要自然干燥，而最后一步是用泥浆覆盖织物，使织物富含的铁元素与鞣酸和丝绸纤维反应，从而改变颜色。可知，本段具体介绍了香云纱这种材料的生产过程。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"For Rechenberg, a perfect cut should be precise and smooth, just like Chinese caligraphy, which is often finished at one stretch." 对于Rechenberg来说，完美的切割应该是精确和平滑的，就像中国的印刷术一样，通常是一次性完成的。可知，Rechenberg用中国印刷术是来表达自己对于服装剪裁的理念——一次完成、精确和平滑的切割。故选C。
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．B
11．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种AI系统，它可以帮助科学家修复和识别受损铭文的文字，了解历史发展。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题两种常考题型，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择。推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想，切忌选题不可过大，也不可过小，断章取义，要贴合文章主题。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The researchers, led by Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, developed a new AI-based method which serves as a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate the true origins of the records. They call their tool Ithaca. The system is the first deep neural（神经的）network that can restore the missing text of damaged inscriptions. "由Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind领导的研究人员开发了一种新的基于人工智能的方法，作为一种技术工具，帮助研究人员修复缺失的铭文，并判断这些记录的真实来源。他们称他们的工具为Ithaca。该系统是第一个可以恢复受损铭文缺失文本的深度神经网络。可知，Ithaca是第一个可以复原受损铭文的缺失文本、识别铭文真实来源的深度神经网络，由此可知，Ithaca的主要作用是修复和识别损坏的铭文。故选A。
9．考查推理判断。根据第三段"The researchers reported that in experiments with damaged writings, Ithaca was able to correctly predict missing inscription elements 62% of the time. In addition, the tool was 71% correct in identifying where the inscriptions first came from. And when historians work on their own, the success rate for restoring damaged inscriptions is about 25%. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work, the success rate jumped to 72%."研究人员报告说，在对损坏的文字进行的实验中，Ithaca能够在62%的时间里正确预测缺失的铭文元素。此外，该工具在识别铭文最初来自何处方面的正确率为71%。当历史学家独自工作时，修复受损铭文的成功率约为25%。但当人类用Ithaca协助他们工作时，成功率跃升至72%。可知，历史学家使用了Ithaca协助工作后，复原受损铭文文本的准确率从25%提高到了72%，由此可知，第三段中数字表明Ithaca能帮助研究人员更有效地工作。故选B。
10．考查推理判断。根据第四段"Thea Sommerschield from Ca'Foscari University of Venice said the system had already provided new information to help researchers reexamine important periods in Greek history. In one case, Ithaca confirmed new evidence presented by historians about the dating of a series of important Greek decrees（法令）. "威尼斯Ca'Foscari大学的Thea Sommerschield说，该系统已经提供了新的信息，帮助研究人员重新审视希腊历史上的重要时期。在一个案例中，Ithaca证实了历史学家提出的关于一系列重要希腊法令年代的新证据。可知，该段第一句提到，学者Sommerschield说该系统已经提供了新的信息，帮助研究人员重新审视希腊历史上的重要时期，接着就给出了具体的示例来佐证，因此，此段中的案例是为了支持Sommerschield陈述的观点。故选B。
11．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Many ancient populations used inscriptions (铭文) to document different parts of their lives. But the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries."许多古代居民使用铭文记录他们生活的不同部分。但是，包含这些铭文的物品在几个世纪以来遭到了破坏。和第二段"The researchers, led by Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, developed a new AI-based method which serves as a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate the true origins of the records. They call their tool Ithaca. "由Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind领导的研究人员开发了一种新的基于人工智能的方法，作为一种技术工具，帮助研究人员修复缺失的铭文，并估计记录的真实来源。他们称他们的工具为Ithaca。以及下文对Ithaca的具体介绍，可知本文是介绍一种可以帮助科学家修复和识别受损铭文文字的AI系统——Ithaca，D选项"An AI system for repairing missing writings.(一种修复缺失文字的人工智能系统。)"能够概括文章主旨。故选D。
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．A
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；议论文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要阐述了新冠疫情对教育的影响，以及针对目前现状应该采取的措施。世界银行的统计结果表明欠发达国家孩童的知识水平较低，没有掌握必要的知识技能，而疫情导致学校关闭加重了这种糟糕的情况。作者认为应该改良教育体系，培训教师，提升教学让更多孩童掌握知识和能力。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、词义题和推断题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义题可结合知识背景和上下文语境来推断词义。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段最后两句“In 2019 the World Bank started keeping count of the number of children who still cannot read by the time they finish primary school. It found that less than half of ten-year-olds in developing countries could read and understand a simple story.”2019年，世界银行开始统计小学毕业时仍不能阅读的儿童人数。研究发现，发展中国家只有不到一半的10岁儿童能够阅读和理解一个简单的故事。可知，世界银行的统计发现发展中国家超过一半的十岁儿童还不能阅读和理解一个简单的故事，即许多学生未能获得必要的知识，缺乏基本的知识能力。故选D。
13．考查推理判断。根据第二段“Then the pandemic struck and millions of pupils were locked out of school. It should be noted that globally, the harm that school closures have done to children has vastly outweighed any benefits they may have had for public health. ”随后新冠疫情爆发，数百万学生被学校拒之门外。应该指出的是，在全球范围内，学校关闭对儿童造成的伤害远远超过了他们对公共健康可能带来的任何好处。以及第一段世界银行的统计结果可知，作者认为疫情导致学校关闭让孩子们的处境变得更糟。故选B。
14．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中划线词所在句子后面的内容“Better-educated people are more likely to work out a cleaner energy source, a cure for malaria or a smarter town plan. If the damage the pandemic has done to education is not reversed（逆转）, all these goals will be harder to reach.”受教育程度较高的人更有可能开发出更清洁的能源、治疗疟疾的方法或更明智的城镇规划。如果大流行对教育造成的损害得不到扭转，所有这些目标都将更难实现。可知，受教育程度较高的人更有可能找到解决问题的办法。由此可知，划线词所在句“Nearly every problem that confronts humanity can be alleviated by good schooling.(人类面临的几乎所有问题都可以通过良好的学校教育得到alleviated。)”表达的意思为良好的教育能够缓解人类遇到的几乎所有问题，划线词alleviated与reduce意思相近。故选A。
15．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Apart from the money, the education system itself is in urgent need of change: Testing is a mess, leading governments to overestimate levels of literacy. New teachers have been hired but not trained properly. Teachers, who have come through the same education systems they are supposed to be improving, often struggle to teach.”除了钱，教育系统本身也迫切需要改变：考试是一团糟，导致政府高估识字水平。雇用了新教师，但没有得到适当的培训。教师来自他们应该改进的相同教育体系，但往往难以教学。可知，应该建立一个可靠的系统来测试学生的知识和能力。故选C。
【答案】16．A；17．F；18．B；19．G；20．D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本篇讲述正确运用时间管理的一些方式。
【点评】七选五答案选项比较少，且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句子再文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。
16．根据后文"First, get your work list ready for the following day the evening or night before. The best exercise is for you to plan your entire next day as the last thing you do before coming home from work."首先，在前一天晚上或前一天晚上准备好第二天的工作清单。对你来说，最好的锻炼是把第二天的工作计划好，作为下班回家前的最后一件事。可知，后文提到了在前一天晚上或前一天晚上准备好第二天的工作清单，可知在建议提前准备。故A选项"提前准备"符合语境。故选A。
17．根据上文"When you plan your day the night before, your subconscious then goes to work on your plans and goals while you are asleep. Very often you will wake up in the morning with ideas and insights that apply to the work of the day."当你在前一天晚上计划好一天的计划时，你的潜意识会在你睡着的时候开始执行你的计划和目标。早上醒来时，你经常会有一些适用于一天工作的想法和见解。可知，应承接上文说明这么做的好处：让你睡得更香。故F选项"这样做的一个主要好处是可以让你睡得更香"符合语境。故选F。
18．根据后文"The very act of using your organizational skills to plan your day, week, and month, gives you a greater feeling of control and will help increase productivity throughout your day. You'll feel in charge of your life. Mastering your time organization actually increases your self-esteem（ 自尊） and improves your sense of personal power."使用你的组织技能来计划你的一天、一周和一个月，会给你更大的控制感，并有助于提高你一天的工作效率。你会觉得自己掌控着自己的生活。掌握你的时间安排实际上会增加你的自尊，提高你的个人力量感。可知，本段的主旨是安排好时间，且后文提到了掌握你的时间安排实际上会增加你的自尊，提高你的个人力量感，即好处是"减轻压力，释放能量"。故B选项"它能减轻压力，释放能量"符合语境。故选B。
19．根据上文"Start early. To increase productivity, start your day early."早开始。要提高工作效率，就早点开始一天的工作。以及后文"In the biographies and autobiographies of successful men and women, almost all of them have one thing in common. They developed great organizational skills and the habit of going to bed at a reasonable hour and rising early. Many successful people arise at 5:00 A. M. or 5:30 A. M."在成功人士的传记和自传中，他们几乎都有一个共同点。他们养成了良好的组织能力和在合理的时间睡觉和早起的习惯。许多成功人士早上5点或5点半起床。可知，后文提到了成功人士养成了良好的组织能力和在合理的时间睡觉和早起的习惯，即计划自己的时间可以让生活更有条理。故G选项"你花越多的时间去思考和计划，你的生活就会越有条理"符合语境。故选G。
20．根据上文"In the biographies and autobiographies of successful men and women, almost all of them have one thing in common. They developed great organizational skills and the habit of going to bed at a reasonable hour and rising early. Many successful people arise at 5:00 A.M. or 5:30 A.M."在成功人士的传记和自传中，他们几乎都有一个共同点。他们养成了良好的组织能力和在合理的时间睡觉和早起的习惯。许多成功人士早上5点或5点半起床。可知，本句承接上文说明早起对成功人士的好处和作用：让他们就有足够的时间来思考和计划接下来的一天。故D选项"这样他们就有足够的时间来思考和计划接下来的一天"符合语境。故选D。
【答案】21．D；22．A；23．B；24．D；25．A；26．C；27．D；28．B；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．C；33．A；34．B；35．B
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本篇主要讲述鹦鹉在我家被我家人剪掉翅膀以后无法真正接触外界，只能永远活在我家这个牢笼中，而我与鹦鹉类似，父母的溺爱让我无法真正的成长，无法独立，以此教育劝诫正确的父母爱，不要过度保护。
【点评】考查完形填空，以及词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
21．句意：我的家人占有欲太强，以至于他们剪掉了它的翅膀。A. primitive原始的；B. extensive广阔的，大量的；C. aggressive有侵略性的；D. possessive占有的，不愿分享的。根据下文"that they trimmed (剪掉) its wings"可知剪了它的翅膀，这样它就不会飞走了，所以我的家人应该是占有欲太强，故选D。
22．句意：他们说如果它离开家，没有我们它就无法生存。A. survive生存；B. escape逃跑；C. appear出现；D. change改变。根据上文"they trimmed (剪掉) its wings"可知鹦鹉被剪掉了翅膀，所以说离开我们家它就不能生存，故选A。
23．句意：我有时想知道它为什么不飞走。A. come around苏醒；B. fly away飞走；C. come back回来；D. take shape成形 。根据上文"Mitthu wasn't kept in a cage."可知鹦鹉没有被关进笼子里，所以我想知道它为什么不飞走，故选B。
24．句意：也许它对我们很依恋，不想离开我们，也许它不想离开安逸的生活，不想面对残酷的现实。A. ignore忽视；B. represent代表；C. shift转移；D. face面对。同上文"it didn't want to leave the luxurious life"并列，可知应该是不愿面对残酷的现实，故选D。
25．句意：随着年龄的增长，我意识到Mitthu的生活和我的并没有太大的不同。A. realized意识；B. expected期盼；C. dismissed解雇；D. convinced使相信。根据下文"I was pampered(溺爱) and 6　　 carefully."可知是随着年龄的增长，我意识到自己的情况和Mitthu差不多，故选A。
26．句意：我被溺爱和细心照顾着。A. evaluated评估；B. educated教育；C. tended照顾；D. exposed暴露。根据上文"I was pampered(溺爱)"可知我也被细心地照顾着，故选C。
27．句意：我被禁止与外界真正相处。A. keeping up with保持；B. coming down to下来，坍塌；C. breaking away from放弃，逃跑；D. getting along with与……相处。根据下文"My house became my whole world"可知我被禁止与外界真正相处，故选D。
28．句意：我的家成了我的整个世界，它就像一个看不见的笼子，束缚着我的精神。A. bunch一束；B. cage笼子；C. light光；D. cave洞穴。根据上文"Mitthu's life wasn't very different from mine"可知我和Mitthu一样被困在一个看不见的笼子里，故选B。
29．句意：现在我被送出去学习并且被告知有整个天空让我飞翔，但是悲伤的是，就像Mitthu，我不能这么做。A. rarely罕见地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. sadly悲伤地；D. violently暴力地。根据下文"I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents' feelings."此空的情绪应该是负面的，故选C。
30．句意：我们是不同的物种，但我们被相似的环境所困。A. trapped使陷入困境；B. frozen结冰；C. hatched孵出；D. stored储存。根据上下文语境和"in a similar situation"可知我和Mitthu有着同样的境遇，都一直呆在看不见的笼子里，所以应该是被相似的环境所困，故选A。
31．句意：这些情感和联系永远不会让我们真正地独立飞翔！ A. strength力量；B. sympathy同情；C. commitment忠诚；D. attachment联系。根据上文"I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents' feelings."可知一方面是我害怕飞行，另一方面我害怕伤了父母的心，对应本句一个是emotions，一个是attachment联系，与父母的联系。故选D。
32．句意：父母爱和保护孩子是好的，但是，有时候，父母的过度保护可能会伤害孩子的未来，影响孩子的决定。A. adopt领养；B. ban禁止；C. protect保护；D. entertain娱乐。根据上文"love"和下文"over-protectiveness"可知应是protect保护，故选C。
33．句意：同上。A. influence影响；B. support支持；C. forecast预测；D. comprise包含。根据上文"over-protectiveness from parents might harm their children's future"可知父母的过度保护可能会伤害孩子的未来，影响孩子的决定，故选A。
34．句意：真正的爱是让孩子自由成长，让他们尝试不同的事物。A. harmony和谐；B. love爱；C. freedom自由；D. equality平等。根据上文"sometimes, over-protectiveness from parents might harm their children's future and 13 children's decisions. "可知说明真正的爱是什么样的，故选B。
35．句意：真正的爱是让孩子自由成长，让他们尝试不同的事物。A. humble谦逊的；B. different不同的；C. unique独特的；D. intense强烈的。根据上文"to allow kids to grow freely"可知真正的爱是让孩子自由成长，所以应该允许尝试不同的事物，而不是不与外界接触，故选B。
【答案】36．most popular；37．roaring；38．an；39．was included；40．to experience；41．have increased/have been increasing；42．that；43．who；44．viewers；45．What
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章主要介绍了在中国西南部贵州省举行的非常受欢迎的业余村际篮球赛。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及形容词、非谓语动词、不定冠词、时态语态、表语从句、定语从句、感叹句等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：依然认为CBA是中国最受欢迎的篮球联赛？由句子分析以及下文对贵州省举行的一场业余村际篮球比赛的详细介绍可知，设空处应用形容词的最高级，空前有"China's"，设空处填most popular。故填most popular。
37．句意：上周在中国西南部的贵州省举行的一场业余村际篮球赛，每晚都有超过10000名观众站起来欢呼，这场比赛在网上引起了极大轰动。句子分析可知，"With over 10,000 spectators (观众) ____2____ (roar) on their feet every night"为with的复合结构，"spectators"与roar构成逻辑上的主谓关系，设空处应填roar的现在分词形式。故填roaring。
38．句意：上周在中国西南部的贵州省举行的一场业余村际篮球赛，每晚都有超过10000名观众站起来欢呼，这场比赛在网上引起了极大轰动。句子分析可知，"____3____ amateur inter-village basketball tournament"在句中作主语，表泛指，空后"amateur"发音以元音音素开头，应填不定冠词an。故填an。
39．句意：2018年，这项村级赛事被纳入了农历六月初六庆祝丰收的吃新节。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由时间状语"In 2018"可知此句为一般过去时态，主语"the village-level tournament"与include是被动关系，此句谓语动词应用一般过去时的被动语态，"the village-level tournament"作主语，谓语动词为第三人称单数。故填was included。
40．句意：从那时起，这场一年一度的比赛已经成为附近爱好者的中心，许多人从贵阳和周边地区驱车200公里来体验这一独特的聚会。句子分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词，在句中做目的状语，应填动词的不定式。故填to experience。
41．句意：该赛事的观众人数和参赛区域连续4年增加，其受欢迎的关键在于，这项赛事真正属于当地人，与其他赛事不同，它连接了社区。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据句意以及时间状语"for four continuous years"可知，此句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，"The number of spectators and the participating areas "作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have increased/have been increasing。
42．句意：该赛事的观众人数和参赛区域连续4年增加，其受欢迎的关键在于，这项赛事真正属于当地人，与其他赛事不同，它连接了社区。句子结构分析可知，设空处引导表语从句，设空处在从句中不作成分，无实义，只起连接作用。故填that。
43．句意："这项赛事覆盖的观众数量和参赛区域连续四年都在增加，它受欢迎的关键在于，这项赛事真正属于当地人，与其他赛事不同，它连接了社区。每一位球员和观众都能近距离接触，这让它变得很特别，"这项赛事的联合组织者岑江龙说，他已经打了20年篮球了。句子结构分析可知，"____8____ has played basketball recreationally for 20 years"为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词"a co-organizer of the tournament"，在从句中作主语，"a co-organizer of the tournament"指人，填关系代词who。故填who。
44．句意：在为期四天的比赛中，超过5000万在线观众收看了比赛直播。设空处在句中作主语，名词viewer意为"观众，观看者"符合句意，viewer是可数名词，由空前的"over 50 million "可知，设空处应用名词复数形式viewers。故填viewers。
45．句意：贵州农村篮球赛开始了！多么棒的气氛啊！句子分析可知，此句为感叹句，由空后的名词短语"a great atmosphere"可知设空处应填what，设空处置于句首，首字母大写，故填What。
46．【答案】Dear Fred,
Since our school will run a chain of live courses on traditional Chinese culture on its website, I'm writing to invite you to watch it.
The live streaming is aimed at helping to introduce traditional Chinese culture to the world. Professional teachers will talk about traditional Chinese culture in different aspects, including Chinese tea art, martial art and calligraphy so on. By the way, the courses will be broadcast live every Friday from 7:00 pm to 8: 00 pm. You can visit our school's website to watch it. I believe you will like it and benefit a lot. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇提纲类作文。假定你是李华，你校将在学校网站开设一系列有关中国文化的直播课。请你给留学生朋友Fred写封邮件，邀请他观看直播，内容包括：1）表明写信目的；2）介绍直播课的有关情况（如目的、内容、时间等）；3）期待回复。这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有较强的布局谋篇的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意要运用一般现在时，上下文注意连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节的问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章更有档次。
【点评】本篇书面表达，要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练驾驭能力。例如：I believe you will like it and benefit a lot.运用了省略that的宾语从句；Since our school will run a chain of live courses on traditional Chinese culture on its website, I'm writing to invite you to watch it.运用了since引导的原因状语从句。
47．【答案】Gladly, a solution came. I decided to make Christmas a little better for her family by buying them some gifts without hurting her pride. As soon as I got home, I called my girlfriend excitedly and explained my plan. She agreed with me and offered to buy and deliver the presents with me. On Christmas Eve morning, we drove to the woman's house with a large box of food and a few presents in the name of Santa, imagining their reactions when they found out that Santa had sent them gifts when they were least expecting it.
The kids were overjoyed when hearing that Santa（圣诞老人） had sent them gifts. However, their mom seemed embarrassed at first. It was not until we insisted that Christmas was a time for shared joy and Santa didn't accept returns that she accepted the presents and thanked our kindness sincerely. Seeing their faces filled with joy made me feel like I had made a real difference to their lives. The gifts were just the beginning, hopefully enough to put the family's lives back on track. I had a feeling that this would be a Christmas to remember.
【知识点】读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写，文章讲述了作者和女友为一个困难家庭送圣诞礼物的故事。故事按照时间顺序展开，圣诞节前几天，作者和女友在喝咖啡时遇到一位刚失去丈夫、身无分文的全职妈妈，为了让她振作起来，在不伤害她自尊的前提下，作者和女友为她和家人买了些礼物。圣诞前夕，作者和女友把礼物送给妈妈和孩子们，看到他们脸上洋溢着的喜悦，作者感觉到自己带来了真正的改变，希望这家人的生活重回正轨。段落续写：由第一段首句内容"令人高兴的是，解决办法来了"可知，第一段可描写想到了解决方法。由第二段首句内容"孩子们听说圣诞老人给他们送了礼物，欣喜若狂"可知，第二段可描写这位妈妈一开始拒绝，但在"我"和女友的坚持下，他们高兴地收下了礼物，并表示感谢。写作时注意准确运用正确时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章更有水平。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练驾驭能力。例如：As soon as I got home, I called my girlfriend excitedly and explained my plan. 运用了as soon as引导的状语从句；On Christmas Eve morning, we drove to the woman's house with a large box of food and a few presents in the name of Santa, imagining their reactions when they found out that Santa had sent them gifts when they were least expecting it.运用现在分词短语作状语、when引导的状语从句和that引导的宾语从句；It was not until we insisted that Christmas was a time for shared joy and Santa didn't accept returns that she accepted the presents and thanked our kindness sincerely. 运用了强调句型it was......that。
二一教育在线组卷平台（zujuan.21cnjy.com）自动生成 1 / 1登录二一教育在线组卷平台 助您教考全无忧
江苏省盐城市2022-2023学年高二下学期期初学业水平考试英语试题
一、阅读（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The first rule of popular
science is to reveal the wonder and mystery of the world. For that reason, Sentient(Picador),
written by photographer and wildlife film-maker Jackie Higgins, is my pick of
the year. According to my interviews with many readers, I select other four
newly-published books in 2022.
Delicious
This book describes how our
ancestors hunted and consumed ancient animals such as mammoths, bison, giant
camels and many more now-extinct species. The diet of the Clovis peoples of
North America was a menu described as "a record of a lost world". This
book explains how our dinners robbed the world of so many large animals. It
gives inspiration for how modern humans can be at peace with nature
The New Climate War
In 1999, Mann published a
graph showing the rapid post-industrial rise in global temperatures. Two
decades later, his book The New Climate War remains convinced that we can
prevent climate change. This book sets out a common-sense approach to carbon
pricing and a revision of the Green New Deal. Of course, there are still many
people who deny that climate change is even happening.
The Geodesic Dome
Physicist Kate Greene
imagines that she spends four months in a geodesic dome（网格状的穹顶）in
Hawaii, with five other people, to mimic（模仿） living in a colony on another planet. The story describes the
future of our Earth. Kate makes readers cherish the natural environment. "No
sunshine on our skin, and no fresh air in our lungs, " Greene turns the
frustrations into a moving story.
Florida Scrub-Jay
The birds were once common
across the peninsula（半岛）. But as development over the last 100 years
reduced the habitats on which the bird depends, the species became endangered. Mark
Walters travels the state to report on the natural history and the current
situation of Florida's flag ship birds. This book can raise people's awareness
of protecting the birds' habitats.
1．What can we infer about the author from the text
A．He's a column journalist. B．He's a scientist.
C．He's a film-maker. D．He's a photographer.
2．Which book might be science fiction
A．Delicious. B．Florida Scrub-Jay.
C．The Geodesic Dome. D．The New Climate War.
3．What do the listed books have in common
A．They have happy endings.
B．They record the natural history.
C．They face doubts from many scientists.
D．They involve the environmental protection.
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2022新出版的最受读者喜爱的揭示了世界的奇迹和神秘的四本书。
【点评】本题考查阅读理解，涉及细节理解和推理判断两个常考题型的考查，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段中“According to my interviews with many readers, I select other four newly-published books in 2022.”根据我对许多读者的采访，我选择了其他四本2022年新出版的书。可推断出，作者是一位专栏记者。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Physicist Kate Greene imagines that she spends four months in a geodesic dome in Hawaii, with five other people, to mimice living in a colony on another planet. The story describes the future of our Earth.”物理学家凯特·格林想象她和另外五个人在夏威夷的一个测地线圆顶中度过四个月，以模拟在另一个星球上的殖民地生活。这个故事描述了我们地球的未来。可知，Kate描绘的世界是虚拟的，想象了地球的未来，所以只有The Geodesic Dome是科幻小说，其他都是写的现实中真实存在的场景。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“It gives inspiration for how modern humans can be at peace with nature”它为现代人类如何与自然和平相处提供了灵感。第三段中“This book sets out a common-sense approach to carbon pricing and a revision of the Green New Deal.”这本书提出了碳定价的常识性方法，并对绿色新政进行了修订。第四段“Kate makes readers cherish the natural environment.”凯特让读者珍惜自然环境。以及最后一段“This book can raise people's awareness of protecting the birds' habitats.”这本书可以提高人们保护鸟类栖息地的意识。可知，所有的书都涉及到了环境保护。故选D。
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Twenty years ago, German-born Kathrin von Rechenberg left Paris, France, where she used to work for some luxury brands. She didn't leave to make a fortune. In search of a particular kind of material called fragrant cloud organza（香云纱）, she came to Shunde, a small city in South China's Guangdong Province.
Rechenberg has a passion for making clothes at a very young age. When she was 11, she made her first dress by herself. Then she went to a specialized school for three years to improve her skills in clothes making. After earning the first prize in a clothesmaking competition in Germany, she won a full scholarship from the top haute couture（高级女式时装）school in Paris. There, she worked for famous haute couture houses as an honor graduate.
But instead of following the steps of some famous designers in haute couture houses, she simply quit her job, and made her way to China to explore the beauty of fragrant cloud organza. As a result, she created her own brand, Rechenberg Art Couture, and found a way to express her own philosophy in making clothes.
Rechenberg learned that the production of the material involves more than 30 intervals of dyeing（染色）and natural drying at each interval, while the last step is to cover the fabrics with mud so that the latter's rich iron elements can react with the tannic acid and silk fiber to change the colors. After the dyeing, the fabrics must stand for years before the entire process is completed. However, such materials nourished （滋养） by the natural soil, water, and sunshine have a unique energy and become fabrics that can "breathe".
She draws inspiration from geometric lines and architectural shapes and reduces unnecessary tailoring to preserve the original art design as much as possible. For Rechenberg, a perfect cut should be precise and smooth, just like Chinese calligraphy, which is often finished at one stretch. In addition, she always avoids complicated decorations. "Making clothes is about taking off things unnecessary, and you have more strength when it is kept simple, "she said.
In 2020, Rechenberg was awarded the title of friendship ambassador of China's textile intangible cultural heritage. Meanwhile, her own brand has become increasingly popular.
4．Why did Rechenberg come to Shunde
A．To earn fame and fortune.
B．To seek for a special material.
C．To share her work experience.
D．To learn new skills in making clothes.
5．What words could best describe Rechenberg
A．Confident and committed. B．Curious and considerate.
C．Ambitious and determined. D．Talented and elegant.
6．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about fragrant cloud organza
A．Its high quality. B．Its unique color.
C．Its storage conditions. D．Its production process.
7．Why is Chinese calligraphy mentioned in paragraph 5
A．To stress the importance of decorating clothes.
B．To show the inspiration for Rechenberg's clothes designing.
C．To explain Rechenberg's concept of clothes tailoring.
D．To state the impact of traditional culture on making fabrics.
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．D
7．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了德国人Rechenberg一直在探索一种美丽的布料——中国香云纱并创建自己独特服装品牌的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
4．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段最后一句"In search of a particular kind of material called fragrant cloud organza（香云纱）, she came to Shunde, a small city in South China's Guangdong Province."寻找一种特殊的叫做香云纱的材料，她来到了中国南方广东省的一个小城市顺德。可知Rechenberg来到顺德为了寻找一种叫做香云纱的特殊材料。故选B。
5．考查推理判断。根据文章第三段"But instead of following the steps of some famous designers in haute couture houses, she simply quit her job, and made her way to China to explore the beauty of fragrant cloud organza."但是，她并没有跟随高级时装店的一些著名设计师的脚步，而是干脆辞去了工作，前往中国探索香云纱的美丽。可知，Rechenberg自小就对做衣服感兴趣，并为此潜心学习，取得可以和高级时装店的一些著名设计师共同工作的机会，但是她并不满足，毅然地辞去工作，不断探索，最终创建了属于自己的品牌，所以我们知道她是一个既坚定"determined"又有雄心壮志"ambitious"的人。故选C。
6．考查主旨大意。根据第四段"Rechenberg learned that the production of the material involves more than 30 intervals of dyeing（染色）and natural drying at each interval, while the last step is to cover the fabrics with mud so that the latter's rich iron elements can react with the tannic acid and silk fiber to change the colors. "Rechenberg了解到，这种材料的生产需要30多个时间间隔的染色而且每一次间隔都要自然干燥，而最后一步是用泥浆覆盖织物，使织物富含的铁元素与鞣酸和丝绸纤维反应，从而改变颜色。可知，本段具体介绍了香云纱这种材料的生产过程。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"For Rechenberg, a perfect cut should be precise and smooth, just like Chinese caligraphy, which is often finished at one stretch." 对于Rechenberg来说，完美的切割应该是精确和平滑的，就像中国的印刷术一样，通常是一次性完成的。可知，Rechenberg用中国印刷术是来表达自己对于服装剪裁的理念——一次完成、精确和平滑的切割。故选C。
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Many ancient populations
used inscriptions（铭文） to document different parts of their lives. But
the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries.
The researchers, led by
Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, developed a new AI-based method which serves as
a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and
estimate the true origins of the records. They call their tool Ithaca. The
system is the first deep neural（神经的）network that can restore the missing text of
damaged inscriptions. The researchers said it trained Ithaca on the largest
collection of data containing Greek inscriptions from the non-profit Packard
Humanities Institute in California. Feeding this data into the system is
designed to help the tool use past writings to predict missing letters and
words in damaged inscriptions.
The researchers reported
that in experiments with damaged writings, Ithaca was able to correctly predict
missing inscription elements 62% of the time. In addition, the tool was 71%
correct in identifying where the inscriptions first came from. And when
historians work on their own, the success rate for restoring damaged
inscriptions is about 25%. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in
their work, the success rate jumped to 72%.
Thea Sommerschield from
Ca'Foscari University of Venice said the system had already provided new
information to help researchers reexamine important periods in Greek history. In
one case, Ithaca confirmed new evidence presented by historians about the
dating of a series of important Greek decrees（法令）. The decrees were first
thought to have been written before 446/445 BCE. But the new evidence suggested
a date in the 420s BCE. Ithaca predicted a date of 421 BCE. The date change may
seem small but it has significant implications for our understanding of the political
history of Classical Athens.
The team is currently
working on other versions of Ithaca trained on other ancient languages. DeepMind
has launched a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by
researchers, educators, museum workers and the public.
8．What is the function of Ithaca
A．Restoring and identifying damaged inscriptions.
B．Interpreting and protecting historical documents.
C．Exploring and tracing the origins of Greek letters.
D．Collecting and translating past writings into English.
9．What do the numbers in paragraph 3 mainly indicate
A．The inscriptions are of great value to human.
B．Ithaca helps researchers work more effectively.
C．The demand for reading ancient records is increasing.
D．The process of repairing damaged writings is complicated.
10．Why does the author mention the case in paragraph 4
A．To show the limitations of Ithaca.
B．To support Sommerschield's statement.
C．To explain the history of Greek decrees.
D．To prove the importance of dates to historians.
11．What is the passage mainly about
A．The achievements of Greek historians.
B．The disappearance of ancient Greek culture.
C．A rising trend of studying ancient languages.
D．An AI system for repairing missing writings.
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．B
11．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种AI系统，它可以帮助科学家修复和识别受损铭文的文字，了解历史发展。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题两种常考题型，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择。推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想，切忌选题不可过大，也不可过小，断章取义，要贴合文章主题。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The researchers, led by Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, developed a new AI-based method which serves as a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate the true origins of the records. They call their tool Ithaca. The system is the first deep neural（神经的）network that can restore the missing text of damaged inscriptions. "由Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind领导的研究人员开发了一种新的基于人工智能的方法，作为一种技术工具，帮助研究人员修复缺失的铭文，并判断这些记录的真实来源。他们称他们的工具为Ithaca。该系统是第一个可以恢复受损铭文缺失文本的深度神经网络。可知，Ithaca是第一个可以复原受损铭文的缺失文本、识别铭文真实来源的深度神经网络，由此可知，Ithaca的主要作用是修复和识别损坏的铭文。故选A。
9．考查推理判断。根据第三段"The researchers reported that in experiments with damaged writings, Ithaca was able to correctly predict missing inscription elements 62% of the time. In addition, the tool was 71% correct in identifying where the inscriptions first came from. And when historians work on their own, the success rate for restoring damaged inscriptions is about 25%. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work, the success rate jumped to 72%."研究人员报告说，在对损坏的文字进行的实验中，Ithaca能够在62%的时间里正确预测缺失的铭文元素。此外，该工具在识别铭文最初来自何处方面的正确率为71%。当历史学家独自工作时，修复受损铭文的成功率约为25%。但当人类用Ithaca协助他们工作时，成功率跃升至72%。可知，历史学家使用了Ithaca协助工作后，复原受损铭文文本的准确率从25%提高到了72%，由此可知，第三段中数字表明Ithaca能帮助研究人员更有效地工作。故选B。
10．考查推理判断。根据第四段"Thea Sommerschield from Ca'Foscari University of Venice said the system had already provided new information to help researchers reexamine important periods in Greek history. In one case, Ithaca confirmed new evidence presented by historians about the dating of a series of important Greek decrees（法令）. "威尼斯Ca'Foscari大学的Thea Sommerschield说，该系统已经提供了新的信息，帮助研究人员重新审视希腊历史上的重要时期。在一个案例中，Ithaca证实了历史学家提出的关于一系列重要希腊法令年代的新证据。可知，该段第一句提到，学者Sommerschield说该系统已经提供了新的信息，帮助研究人员重新审视希腊历史上的重要时期，接着就给出了具体的示例来佐证，因此，此段中的案例是为了支持Sommerschield陈述的观点。故选B。
11．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Many ancient populations used inscriptions (铭文) to document different parts of their lives. But the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries."许多古代居民使用铭文记录他们生活的不同部分。但是，包含这些铭文的物品在几个世纪以来遭到了破坏。和第二段"The researchers, led by Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, developed a new AI-based method which serves as a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate the true origins of the records. They call their tool Ithaca. "由Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind领导的研究人员开发了一种新的基于人工智能的方法，作为一种技术工具，帮助研究人员修复缺失的铭文，并估计记录的真实来源。他们称他们的工具为Ithaca。以及下文对Ithaca的具体介绍，可知本文是介绍一种可以帮助科学家修复和识别受损铭文文字的AI系统——Ithaca，D选项"An AI system for repairing missing writings.(一种修复缺失文字的人工智能系统。)"能够概括文章主旨。故选D。
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
If history is "a race
between education and catastrophe", education seemed until recently to be
winning. In 1950 only about half of adults globally had any schooling; now at
least 85% do. Between 2000 and 2018, the proportion（比例）of
school-age children who were not enrolled（使加入）in
classes fell from 26％ to 17％. But
the rapid rise in attendance masked an ugly truth: many pupils were spending
years behind desks but learning almost nothing. In 2019 the World Bank started
keeping count of the number of children who still cannot read by the time they
finish primary school. It found that less than half of ten-year-olds in
developing countries could read and understand a simple story.
Then the pandemic struck
and millions of pupils were locked out of school. It should be noted that
globally, the harm that school closures have done to children has vastly
outweighed any benefits they may have had for public health. The World Bank
says the share of ten-year-olds in middle-and low-income countries who cannot
read and understand a simple story has risen from 57% in 2019 to roughly 70%. If
they lack such elementary skills, they will struggle to earn a good living.
This should be seen for
what it is: a global emergency. Nearly every problem that confronts humanity
can be alleviated by good schooling. Better-educated people are more
likely to work out a cleaner energy source, a cure for malaria or a smarter
town plan. If the damage the pandemic has done to education is not reversed（逆转）, all
these goals will be harder to reach.
Politicians talk endlessly
about the importance of schooling, but words are cheap and a fit-for-purpose
education system is not. Spending has risen modestly in recent decades but fell
in many countries during the pandemic. Apart from the money, the education
system itself is in urgent need of change: Testing is a mess, leading
governments to overestimate levels of literacy. New teachers have been hired
but not trained properly. Teachers, who have come through the same education
systems they are supposed to be improving, often struggle to teach.
The same energy that was
once poured into building schools and filling up classrooms should now be used
to improve the lessons that take place within them. No more children should
stumble（蹒跚而行）through their school days without learning
to read or add up.
12．What did the World Bank find out about pupils in 2019
A．They could hardly concentrate in class.
B．Many of them had to drop out of school.
C．They had difficulty finishing primary school.
D．Many of them failed to acquire necessary knowledge.
13．What does the author say about school closures
A．They could well protect children's health.
B．They made matters worse for children.
C．They produced unexpected benefits for public health.
D．They made it hard for teachers to make a good living.
14．What does the underlined word "alleviated" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．reduced B．caused C．described D．strengthened
15．What change needs to be made to the current education system
A．Primary schools should only hire experienced teachers.
B．Teachers should be motivated to cooperate with each other.
C．A reliable system should be created to test pupils' knowledge and ability.
D．Primary schools should spend more on improving facilities.
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．A
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；议论文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要阐述了新冠疫情对教育的影响，以及针对目前现状应该采取的措施。世界银行的统计结果表明欠发达国家孩童的知识水平较低，没有掌握必要的知识技能，而疫情导致学校关闭加重了这种糟糕的情况。作者认为应该改良教育体系，培训教师，提升教学让更多孩童掌握知识和能力。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、词义题和推断题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义题可结合知识背景和上下文语境来推断词义。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段最后两句“In 2019 the World Bank started keeping count of the number of children who still cannot read by the time they finish primary school. It found that less than half of ten-year-olds in developing countries could read and understand a simple story.”2019年，世界银行开始统计小学毕业时仍不能阅读的儿童人数。研究发现，发展中国家只有不到一半的10岁儿童能够阅读和理解一个简单的故事。可知，世界银行的统计发现发展中国家超过一半的十岁儿童还不能阅读和理解一个简单的故事，即许多学生未能获得必要的知识，缺乏基本的知识能力。故选D。
13．考查推理判断。根据第二段“Then the pandemic struck and millions of pupils were locked out of school. It should be noted that globally, the harm that school closures have done to children has vastly outweighed any benefits they may have had for public health. ”随后新冠疫情爆发，数百万学生被学校拒之门外。应该指出的是，在全球范围内，学校关闭对儿童造成的伤害远远超过了他们对公共健康可能带来的任何好处。以及第一段世界银行的统计结果可知，作者认为疫情导致学校关闭让孩子们的处境变得更糟。故选B。
14．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中划线词所在句子后面的内容“Better-educated people are more likely to work out a cleaner energy source, a cure for malaria or a smarter town plan. If the damage the pandemic has done to education is not reversed（逆转）, all these goals will be harder to reach.”受教育程度较高的人更有可能开发出更清洁的能源、治疗疟疾的方法或更明智的城镇规划。如果大流行对教育造成的损害得不到扭转，所有这些目标都将更难实现。可知，受教育程度较高的人更有可能找到解决问题的办法。由此可知，划线词所在句“Nearly every problem that confronts humanity can be alleviated by good schooling.(人类面临的几乎所有问题都可以通过良好的学校教育得到alleviated。)”表达的意思为良好的教育能够缓解人类遇到的几乎所有问题，划线词alleviated与reduce意思相近。故选A。
15．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Apart from the money, the education system itself is in urgent need of change: Testing is a mess, leading governments to overestimate levels of literacy. New teachers have been hired but not trained properly. Teachers, who have come through the same education systems they are supposed to be improving, often struggle to teach.”除了钱，教育系统本身也迫切需要改变：考试是一团糟，导致政府高估识字水平。雇用了新教师，但没有得到适当的培训。教师来自他们应该改进的相同教育体系，但往往难以教学。可知，应该建立一个可靠的系统来测试学生的知识和能力。故选C。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Applying the correct time management skills and tips can help you get more organized and increase productivity. The more of these tools you learn to use, the more that you will get done each day.
　16． 　First, get your work list ready for the following day the evening or night before. The best exercise is for you to plan your entire next day as the last thing you do before coming home from work. When you plan your day the night before, your subconscious then goes to work on your plans and goals while you are asleep. Very often you will wake up in the morning with ideas and insights that apply to the work of the day. 　17． 　A major reason for insomnia（失眠）is your lying awake trying not to forget to remember everything that you have to do the following day.
Schedule your time. 　18． 　The very act of using your organizational skills to plan your day, week, and month, gives you a greater feeling of control and will help increase productivity throughout your day. You'll feel in charge of your life. Mastering your time organization actually increases your self-esteem（ 自尊） and improves your sense of personal power.
Start early. To increase productivity, start your day early. 　19． 　In the biographies and autobiographies of successful men and women, almost all of them have one thing in common. They developed great organizational skills and the habit of going to bed at a reasonable hour and rising early. Many successful people arise at 5:00 A. M. or 5:30 A. M. 　20． 　As a result, they are always more effective than those who sleep in until the last possible moment.
A. Prepare in advance. B. It reduces stress and releases energy. C. Increase productivity with prime time. D. Then they can have enough time to think and plan for the coming day. E. Your most important work requires that you be at your best, and creative. F. A major benefit of doing so is that this exercise lets you sleep more soundly. G. The more time you take to think and plan, the better organized you will be in your life.
【答案】16．A；17．F；18．B；19．G；20．D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本篇讲述正确运用时间管理的一些方式。
【点评】七选五答案选项比较少，且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句子再文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。
16．根据后文"First, get your work list ready for the following day the evening or night before. The best exercise is for you to plan your entire next day as the last thing you do before coming home from work."首先，在前一天晚上或前一天晚上准备好第二天的工作清单。对你来说，最好的锻炼是把第二天的工作计划好，作为下班回家前的最后一件事。可知，后文提到了在前一天晚上或前一天晚上准备好第二天的工作清单，可知在建议提前准备。故A选项"提前准备"符合语境。故选A。
17．根据上文"When you plan your day the night before, your subconscious then goes to work on your plans and goals while you are asleep. Very often you will wake up in the morning with ideas and insights that apply to the work of the day."当你在前一天晚上计划好一天的计划时，你的潜意识会在你睡着的时候开始执行你的计划和目标。早上醒来时，你经常会有一些适用于一天工作的想法和见解。可知，应承接上文说明这么做的好处：让你睡得更香。故F选项"这样做的一个主要好处是可以让你睡得更香"符合语境。故选F。
18．根据后文"The very act of using your organizational skills to plan your day, week, and month, gives you a greater feeling of control and will help increase productivity throughout your day. You'll feel in charge of your life. Mastering your time organization actually increases your self-esteem（ 自尊） and improves your sense of personal power."使用你的组织技能来计划你的一天、一周和一个月，会给你更大的控制感，并有助于提高你一天的工作效率。你会觉得自己掌控着自己的生活。掌握你的时间安排实际上会增加你的自尊，提高你的个人力量感。可知，本段的主旨是安排好时间，且后文提到了掌握你的时间安排实际上会增加你的自尊，提高你的个人力量感，即好处是"减轻压力，释放能量"。故B选项"它能减轻压力，释放能量"符合语境。故选B。
19．根据上文"Start early. To increase productivity, start your day early."早开始。要提高工作效率，就早点开始一天的工作。以及后文"In the biographies and autobiographies of successful men and women, almost all of them have one thing in common. They developed great organizational skills and the habit of going to bed at a reasonable hour and rising early. Many successful people arise at 5:00 A. M. or 5:30 A. M."在成功人士的传记和自传中，他们几乎都有一个共同点。他们养成了良好的组织能力和在合理的时间睡觉和早起的习惯。许多成功人士早上5点或5点半起床。可知，后文提到了成功人士养成了良好的组织能力和在合理的时间睡觉和早起的习惯，即计划自己的时间可以让生活更有条理。故G选项"你花越多的时间去思考和计划，你的生活就会越有条理"符合语境。故选G。
20．根据上文"In the biographies and autobiographies of successful men and women, almost all of them have one thing in common. They developed great organizational skills and the habit of going to bed at a reasonable hour and rising early. Many successful people arise at 5:00 A.M. or 5:30 A.M."在成功人士的传记和自传中，他们几乎都有一个共同点。他们养成了良好的组织能力和在合理的时间睡觉和早起的习惯。许多成功人士早上5点或5点半起床。可知，本句承接上文说明早起对成功人士的好处和作用：让他们就有足够的时间来思考和计划接下来的一天。故D选项"这样他们就有足够的时间来思考和计划接下来的一天"符合语境。故选D。
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
One day, my uncle brought home a parrot. My cousin and I called it Mitthu. My family were so 21． strongly that they trimmed（剪掉） its wings. They said if it left home, it wouldn't 22． outside without us.
As time went by, we grew and so did Mitthu. Its wings grew quite a lot. Mitthu wasn't kept in a cage. I sometimes wondered why it didn't 23． . Maybe it was quite attached to us and didn't want to leave us, or it didn't want to leave the luxurious life and 24． the harsh reality of life.
As I grew older, I 25． that Mitthu's life wasn't very different from mine. I was pampered（溺爱）and 26． carefully. I was prohibited from really 27． the outside world. My house became my whole world, which was like an invisible 28． that had bound my spirit.
Now I'm sent out to study and told that I have the whole sky to fly, but 29． , just as Mitthu, I am not able to do so. Mitthu and I might be two different beings but we are 30． in a similar situation. I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents' feelings. These emotions and 31． will never really allow us to fly independently!
It's good for parents to love and 32． their children, but, sometimes, over-protectiveness from parents might harm their children's future and 33． children's decisions. True 34． is to allow kids to grow freely and let them try 35． things. Thus, they will be brimming with confidence and courage.
21．A．primitive B．extensive C．aggressive D．possessive
22．A．survive B．escape C．appear D．change
23．A．come around B．fly
away C．come back D．take shape
24．A．ignore B．represent C．shift D．face
25．A．realized B．expected C．dismissed D．convinced
26．A．evaluated B．educated C．tended D．exposed
27．A．keeping up with B．coming down to
C．breaking away from D．getting along
with
28．A．bunch B．cage C．light D．cave
29．A．rarely B．gradually C．sadly D．violently
30．A．trapped B．frozen C．hatched D．stored
31．A．strength B．sympathy C．commitment D．attachment
32．A．adopt B．ban C．protect D．entertain
33．A．influence B．support C．forecast D．comprise
34．A．harmony B．love C．freedom D．equality
35．A．humble B．different C．unique D．intense
【答案】21．D；22．A；23．B；24．D；25．A；26．C；27．D；28．B；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．C；33．A；34．B；35．B
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本篇主要讲述鹦鹉在我家被我家人剪掉翅膀以后无法真正接触外界，只能永远活在我家这个牢笼中，而我与鹦鹉类似，父母的溺爱让我无法真正的成长，无法独立，以此教育劝诫正确的父母爱，不要过度保护。
【点评】考查完形填空，以及词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
21．句意：我的家人占有欲太强，以至于他们剪掉了它的翅膀。A. primitive原始的；B. extensive广阔的，大量的；C. aggressive有侵略性的；D. possessive占有的，不愿分享的。根据下文"that they trimmed (剪掉) its wings"可知剪了它的翅膀，这样它就不会飞走了，所以我的家人应该是占有欲太强，故选D。
22．句意：他们说如果它离开家，没有我们它就无法生存。A. survive生存；B. escape逃跑；C. appear出现；D. change改变。根据上文"they trimmed (剪掉) its wings"可知鹦鹉被剪掉了翅膀，所以说离开我们家它就不能生存，故选A。
23．句意：我有时想知道它为什么不飞走。A. come around苏醒；B. fly away飞走；C. come back回来；D. take shape成形 。根据上文"Mitthu wasn't kept in a cage."可知鹦鹉没有被关进笼子里，所以我想知道它为什么不飞走，故选B。
24．句意：也许它对我们很依恋，不想离开我们，也许它不想离开安逸的生活，不想面对残酷的现实。A. ignore忽视；B. represent代表；C. shift转移；D. face面对。同上文"it didn't want to leave the luxurious life"并列，可知应该是不愿面对残酷的现实，故选D。
25．句意：随着年龄的增长，我意识到Mitthu的生活和我的并没有太大的不同。A. realized意识；B. expected期盼；C. dismissed解雇；D. convinced使相信。根据下文"I was pampered(溺爱) and 6　　 carefully."可知是随着年龄的增长，我意识到自己的情况和Mitthu差不多，故选A。
26．句意：我被溺爱和细心照顾着。A. evaluated评估；B. educated教育；C. tended照顾；D. exposed暴露。根据上文"I was pampered(溺爱)"可知我也被细心地照顾着，故选C。
27．句意：我被禁止与外界真正相处。A. keeping up with保持；B. coming down to下来，坍塌；C. breaking away from放弃，逃跑；D. getting along with与……相处。根据下文"My house became my whole world"可知我被禁止与外界真正相处，故选D。
28．句意：我的家成了我的整个世界，它就像一个看不见的笼子，束缚着我的精神。A. bunch一束；B. cage笼子；C. light光；D. cave洞穴。根据上文"Mitthu's life wasn't very different from mine"可知我和Mitthu一样被困在一个看不见的笼子里，故选B。
29．句意：现在我被送出去学习并且被告知有整个天空让我飞翔，但是悲伤的是，就像Mitthu，我不能这么做。A. rarely罕见地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. sadly悲伤地；D. violently暴力地。根据下文"I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents' feelings."此空的情绪应该是负面的，故选C。
30．句意：我们是不同的物种，但我们被相似的环境所困。A. trapped使陷入困境；B. frozen结冰；C. hatched孵出；D. stored储存。根据上下文语境和"in a similar situation"可知我和Mitthu有着同样的境遇，都一直呆在看不见的笼子里，所以应该是被相似的环境所困，故选A。
31．句意：这些情感和联系永远不会让我们真正地独立飞翔！ A. strength力量；B. sympathy同情；C. commitment忠诚；D. attachment联系。根据上文"I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents' feelings."可知一方面是我害怕飞行，另一方面我害怕伤了父母的心，对应本句一个是emotions，一个是attachment联系，与父母的联系。故选D。
32．句意：父母爱和保护孩子是好的，但是，有时候，父母的过度保护可能会伤害孩子的未来，影响孩子的决定。A. adopt领养；B. ban禁止；C. protect保护；D. entertain娱乐。根据上文"love"和下文"over-protectiveness"可知应是protect保护，故选C。
33．句意：同上。A. influence影响；B. support支持；C. forecast预测；D. comprise包含。根据上文"over-protectiveness from parents might harm their children's future"可知父母的过度保护可能会伤害孩子的未来，影响孩子的决定，故选A。
34．句意：真正的爱是让孩子自由成长，让他们尝试不同的事物。A. harmony和谐；B. love爱；C. freedom自由；D. equality平等。根据上文"sometimes, over-protectiveness from parents might harm their children's future and 13 children's decisions. "可知说明真正的爱是什么样的，故选B。
35．句意：真正的爱是让孩子自由成长，让他们尝试不同的事物。A. humble谦逊的；B. different不同的；C. unique独特的；D. intense强烈的。根据上文"to allow kids to grow freely"可知真正的爱是让孩子自由成长，所以应该允许尝试不同的事物，而不是不与外界接触，故选B。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。
Still consider the CBA China's　36． 　(popular) basketball league Think again!
With over 10, 000 spectators（观众）　37． 　(roar) on their feet every night, 　38． 　amateur inter-village basketball tournament held last week in Southwest China's Guizhou province has become a massive hit online.
In 2018, the village-level tournament　39． 　(include) in the Chi Xin Festival, which celebrates harvest on the sixth of June on the lunar calendar. Since then, the annual competition has become a center for enthusiasts from nearby and many who drive up to 200 km from Guiyang and surrounding areas　40． 　(experience) the unique gathering.
"The number of spectators and the participating areas that the tournament covers 　41． 　(increase) for four continuous years, and the key to its popularity is　42． 　this tournament truly belongs to local people and connects neighborhoods like no other event does. The proximity（邻近）to each and every player and spectator makes it special," said Cen Jianglong, a co-organizer of the tournament, 　43． 　has played basketball recreationally for 20 years.
During the four-day competition, over 50 million online　44． 　(view) had tuned in to watch live streaming of the games. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian also joined in the fun, sharing a video clip of the games on Twitter accompanied by the message: "The rural basketball match in Guizhou is on!　45． 　_a great atmosphere!"
【答案】36．most popular；37．roaring；38．an；39．was included；40．to experience；41．have increased/have been increasing；42．that；43．who；44．viewers；45．What
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章主要介绍了在中国西南部贵州省举行的非常受欢迎的业余村际篮球赛。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及形容词、非谓语动词、不定冠词、时态语态、表语从句、定语从句、感叹句等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：依然认为CBA是中国最受欢迎的篮球联赛？由句子分析以及下文对贵州省举行的一场业余村际篮球比赛的详细介绍可知，设空处应用形容词的最高级，空前有"China's"，设空处填most popular。故填most popular。
37．句意：上周在中国西南部的贵州省举行的一场业余村际篮球赛，每晚都有超过10000名观众站起来欢呼，这场比赛在网上引起了极大轰动。句子分析可知，"With over 10,000 spectators (观众) ____2____ (roar) on their feet every night"为with的复合结构，"spectators"与roar构成逻辑上的主谓关系，设空处应填roar的现在分词形式。故填roaring。
38．句意：上周在中国西南部的贵州省举行的一场业余村际篮球赛，每晚都有超过10000名观众站起来欢呼，这场比赛在网上引起了极大轰动。句子分析可知，"____3____ amateur inter-village basketball tournament"在句中作主语，表泛指，空后"amateur"发音以元音音素开头，应填不定冠词an。故填an。
39．句意：2018年，这项村级赛事被纳入了农历六月初六庆祝丰收的吃新节。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由时间状语"In 2018"可知此句为一般过去时态，主语"the village-level tournament"与include是被动关系，此句谓语动词应用一般过去时的被动语态，"the village-level tournament"作主语，谓语动词为第三人称单数。故填was included。
40．句意：从那时起，这场一年一度的比赛已经成为附近爱好者的中心，许多人从贵阳和周边地区驱车200公里来体验这一独特的聚会。句子分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词，在句中做目的状语，应填动词的不定式。故填to experience。
41．句意：该赛事的观众人数和参赛区域连续4年增加，其受欢迎的关键在于，这项赛事真正属于当地人，与其他赛事不同，它连接了社区。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据句意以及时间状语"for four continuous years"可知，此句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，"The number of spectators and the participating areas "作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have increased/have been increasing。
42．句意：该赛事的观众人数和参赛区域连续4年增加，其受欢迎的关键在于，这项赛事真正属于当地人，与其他赛事不同，它连接了社区。句子结构分析可知，设空处引导表语从句，设空处在从句中不作成分，无实义，只起连接作用。故填that。
43．句意："这项赛事覆盖的观众数量和参赛区域连续四年都在增加，它受欢迎的关键在于，这项赛事真正属于当地人，与其他赛事不同，它连接了社区。每一位球员和观众都能近距离接触，这让它变得很特别，"这项赛事的联合组织者岑江龙说，他已经打了20年篮球了。句子结构分析可知，"____8____ has played basketball recreationally for 20 years"为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词"a co-organizer of the tournament"，在从句中作主语，"a co-organizer of the tournament"指人，填关系代词who。故填who。
44．句意：在为期四天的比赛中，超过5000万在线观众收看了比赛直播。设空处在句中作主语，名词viewer意为"观众，观看者"符合句意，viewer是可数名词，由空前的"over 50 million "可知，设空处应用名词复数形式viewers。故填viewers。
45．句意：贵州农村篮球赛开始了！多么棒的气氛啊！句子分析可知，此句为感叹句，由空后的名词短语"a great atmosphere"可知设空处应填what，设空处置于句首，首字母大写，故填What。
五、写作（共两节，满分40分）
46．（2023高二下·盐城开学考）假定你是李华，你校将在学校网站开设一系列有关中国文化的直播课。请你给留学生朋友Fred写封邮件，邀请他观看直播，内容包括：
1）表明写信目的；
2）介绍直播课的有关情况（如目的、内容、时间等）；
3）期待回复。
注意：1）写作词数应为80左右；2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Fred,
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Fred,
Since our school will run a chain of live courses on traditional Chinese culture on its website, I'm writing to invite you to watch it.
The live streaming is aimed at helping to introduce traditional Chinese culture to the world. Professional teachers will talk about traditional Chinese culture in different aspects, including Chinese tea art, martial art and calligraphy so on. By the way, the courses will be broadcast live every Friday from 7:00 pm to 8: 00 pm. You can visit our school's website to watch it. I believe you will like it and benefit a lot. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇提纲类作文。假定你是李华，你校将在学校网站开设一系列有关中国文化的直播课。请你给留学生朋友Fred写封邮件，邀请他观看直播，内容包括：1）表明写信目的；2）介绍直播课的有关情况（如目的、内容、时间等）；3）期待回复。这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有较强的布局谋篇的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意要运用一般现在时，上下文注意连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节的问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章更有档次。
【点评】本篇书面表达，要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练驾驭能力。例如：I believe you will like it and benefit a lot.运用了省略that的宾语从句；Since our school will run a chain of live courses on traditional Chinese culture on its website, I'm writing to invite you to watch it.运用了since引导的原因状语从句。
47．（2023高二下·盐城开学考）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A few days before Christmas, while enjoying coffees, my girlfriend and I noticed a woman trying to get her bank card to work.
"Do you know her " I asked my friend.
"I do. Give me a minute. I'm going to go and see if I can help," she replied, standing up to walk over to her.
A few minutes later, my friend returned to the table with the woman. The woman looked upset. Her eyes were swollen, as if she'd been crying all night. She looked pale, tired, and messy. After I was introduced, my friend asked her if she was okay. She admitted she wasn't and burst into tears.
I could sense she was a little embarrassed by her emotional response. Wanting to put her at ease, I quickly told her not to worry. I shared that I was a new mom with many troubles and I'd already cried fourteen times that day. She laughed but soon her tears were flowing again.
For the next forty-five minutes, my friend and I both sat and patiently listened to her. She lost her husband before Christmas and their bank accounts were now left nothing. As a stay-at-home mom of two, in one split second, her entire life had come crashing down around her.
We tried our best to cheer her up. My friend even tried to give her some cash, which she refused. When she finally got up to leave, she wiped her tears, thanked us both for listening, and walked out.
As I drove home, I couldn't stop thinking about how depressed she looked when she left the cafe. No one deserves to feel that sad, I thought, especially right before Christmas. There must be something I can do to help. I racked my brain（绞尽脑汁） for an answer.
注意：
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头已给出。
Gladly, a solution came.
The kids were overjoyed when hearing that Santa（圣诞老人）sent them gifts.
【答案】Gladly, a solution came. I decided to make Christmas a little better for her family by buying them some gifts without hurting her pride. As soon as I got home, I called my girlfriend excitedly and explained my plan. She agreed with me and offered to buy and deliver the presents with me. On Christmas Eve morning, we drove to the woman's house with a large box of food and a few presents in the name of Santa, imagining their reactions when they found out that Santa had sent them gifts when they were least expecting it.
The kids were overjoyed when hearing that Santa（圣诞老人） had sent them gifts. However, their mom seemed embarrassed at first. It was not until we insisted that Christmas was a time for shared joy and Santa didn't accept returns that she accepted the presents and thanked our kindness sincerely. Seeing their faces filled with joy made me feel like I had made a real difference to their lives. The gifts were just the beginning, hopefully enough to put the family's lives back on track. I had a feeling that this would be a Christmas to remember.
【知识点】读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写，文章讲述了作者和女友为一个困难家庭送圣诞礼物的故事。故事按照时间顺序展开，圣诞节前几天，作者和女友在喝咖啡时遇到一位刚失去丈夫、身无分文的全职妈妈，为了让她振作起来，在不伤害她自尊的前提下，作者和女友为她和家人买了些礼物。圣诞前夕，作者和女友把礼物送给妈妈和孩子们，看到他们脸上洋溢着的喜悦，作者感觉到自己带来了真正的改变，希望这家人的生活重回正轨。段落续写：由第一段首句内容"令人高兴的是，解决办法来了"可知，第一段可描写想到了解决方法。由第二段首句内容"孩子们听说圣诞老人给他们送了礼物，欣喜若狂"可知，第二段可描写这位妈妈一开始拒绝，但在"我"和女友的坚持下，他们高兴地收下了礼物，并表示感谢。写作时注意准确运用正确时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章更有水平。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练驾驭能力。例如：As soon as I got home, I called my girlfriend excitedly and explained my plan. 运用了as soon as引导的状语从句；On Christmas Eve morning, we drove to the woman's house with a large box of food and a few presents in the name of Santa, imagining their reactions when they found out that Santa had sent them gifts when they were least expecting it.运用现在分词短语作状语、when引导的状语从句和that引导的宾语从句；It was not until we insisted that Christmas was a time for shared joy and Santa didn't accept returns that she accepted the presents and thanked our kindness sincerely. 运用了强调句型it was......that。
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