第五节 八年级（上）Unit1-2
词汇拓展(该部分单词主要为动词、名词或形容词等的变形,常在中考语法选择、短文填空题型中涉及,标★单词的变形,考生在复习时尤其要重点掌握。)
1.hunger n. 饿；饥饿→ adj. 饥饿的
2. swing n.摆动；秋千v.（使）摆动；摇摆→ （过去式/过去分词） swing dance 摇摆舞
3.bore v.使厌烦→ adj.厌倦的；烦闷的→ adj.没趣的；令人厌倦的be bored with 对……感到厌倦
4.decide v.决定；选定→ n.决定 决定（不）做某事 make a decision作出决定★
5.build v.建筑；建造→ n.建筑物；房子→ （过去式/过去分词） build up增进；加强
6.wonder v.想知道；琢磨 n.奇迹→________adj.精彩的；绝妙的★
wonder＋wh-从句 I wonder where you're from.我想知道你来自哪里。
wonder + whether/if从句 I wonder whether you will come.我想知道你是否过来
wonder＋特殊疑问词＋to do I wonder what to do next.我想知道接下来做什么
n.奇迹；奇观 -It's no wonder that.../No wonder that...难怪……
We are completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness of nature.我们完全惊讶于大自然的奇观与伟大。
7.like v.&n.喜欢；喜爱→ v.&n.不喜爱（的事物）；厌恶（的事物）like/dislike to do/doing sth.
die v.消失；灭亡；死亡→ （did/done）→ （-ing）→ n.死；死亡→ adj.死的；失去生命的 die of/from死于 die out灭绝★
9.few adj.& pron.不多；很少→ 较少的；更少的→ 最少的 相当多；不少★
seem作系动词，“好像，似乎，看来”，通常不用于现在进行时
主语 + seem（s）（+to be）+ adj./n. 意为“某人/物看 起来/似乎……”。
主语 + seem（s）＋ to do sth.意为“某人/物好像要做某事”。
主语 + seem（s）like 好像/似乎
It seems + that从句 意为“看起来似乎/好像……”。
hard adj. 意为“困难的；硬的”adv. 意为“努力地；猛烈地”。
hardly adv. 意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，常与ever，any等词连用。
across “横过”强调从物体表面的一边到另一边， go across the river
through “穿过，贯穿”强调从物体的内部和空间穿过 go through the forest
past “经过,越过”，强调从旁边经过，走过， go past the bank
八年级（上）Unit3-4
win v.获胜;赢;赢得→ (过去式/过去分词)→ n.获胜者;优胜者★
win“获胜；赢；赢得”，后接比赛、奖、荣誉、战争等，其反义词是lose；beat“击败；打败”后接队名或人等，表示“打败某队/人”。beat 还有“击打；心脏跳动”的意思，beat the drums 打鼓
2.care v.在意;担忧;关心一 adj.小心的;细致的;精心的;慎重的→ . adv.细致地;小心地;谨慎地一 adj.粗心的;不小心的 关心;在意 照顾
3.choose v.选择；挑选→ （过去式）→ （过去分词）→ n.选择；挑选★
choose（not) to do sth. 选择（不）做某事 make a choice 做出选择 be responsible for our own choices
4.report v.&n.报道；公布→________n.记者 It’s reported that...据报道...
5.act v.扮演n.行为→ n.演员→ n.女演员→ adj. 活跃的；积极的→ n.行动
take action 采取行动 action movie动作影片
6.quiet adj.安静的→ adv.轻声地；轻柔地；安静地★
7.clear adj.清楚的；晴朗的v.清理；丢掉→_ adv.清楚地；清晰地；明白地 clear out 清理，丢掉
8.serious adj.严肃的；稳重的→___________adv.严肃地；认真地
______________________认真对待…… be serious about对……是认真的★
loud adj.响亮的；大声的→___________adv.大声地；出声地→___________adv.喧闹地；大声地；响亮地
touch v. 感动；触摸→___________adj.受感动的→_________adj.感人的，动人的
八年级（上）Unit5-6
success n.成功→_________adj.获得成功的；有成就的→__________adv.成功地→________v.实现目标；成功 succeed in doing sth.成功做某事★
2.science n.科学→_________n.科学家→___________adj.科学（上）的；关于科学的★
3. medicine n.药；医学→___________adj.医疗的；医学的★
4.stand v.忍受；站立→_________（过去式/过去分词）stand up 站起来 stand for 代表★
5.educate v.教育→_____________n.教育→_________adj.教育的；有教育意义的★
6.discuss v.讨论；商量→___________n.讨论；商量★
7.expect v.预料；期待→___________n.预料；预期；期待 expect to do sth.期望做某事★
8.mean v.意欲；意思是adj.吝啬的→_______n.意义；意思→_________adj.有意义的；意味深长的→_________adj.毫无意义的；意思不明确的 mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
9.appear v.出现→__________v.消失；不见→___________n.外貌；外表；出现；露面★
10.become v.开始变得；变成→__________（过去式）→___________（过去分词）★
11.lose v.失去；丢失→___________（过去式/过去分词）→__________（现在分词）lose one's life 失去生命★
12.send v.邮寄；发送→__________（过去式/过去分词） send for 派人去叫 send out发送；派遣★
13.improve v.改进；改善→____________n.改善；改进★→___________n.自我改进；自我提高
14.main adj.主要的；最重要的→_______adv.主要地；大体上★
15.simple adj.简单的；易做的→_____adv.简单地；仅仅，只，不过
16.able adj.能够→_______n.能力；才能→________adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的 __________________能够做某事
17. own adj.& pron.自己的;本人的v.拥有；有→____n.物主;主人of one's own 某人自己的________独自；单独
（1）mind v.“介意；对（某事）烦恼”，常用于疑问句和否定句中，后接名词、代词、V-ing或从句等。
Would/Do you mind doing sth.？“你介意做某事吗？”，表示委婉客气的请求；
Would/Do you mind +宾格/形代＋doing sth.？“你介意某人做某事吗？”。
答语：（不介意）Of course not./Certainly not./Not at all. （介意）I'm sorry./You'd better not./I'm afraid...
mind n.“头脑；思想；记忆力”。 change one’s mind“改变主意”make up one's mind to do sth.“下决心做某事”；keep...in mind“牢记……” come to one’s mind “某人突然想起” free one’s mind “解放某人的思想”
happen 不及物动词，sth. +happened +地点/时间，“某地/某时发生了某事”；sth. +happened to sb.“某人发生了某事”；sb.+happened to do sth.“某人碰巧做了某事”。
辨析 意义及用法 相同点
happen 偶然、没有预料的发生 无被动语态，不与时间段连用
take place 事前安排或有准备地发生。
20.
hope “希望”，表示有信心，可实现的希望。hope to do sth.希望做某事；hope+that从句希望……
wish “希望” 侧重于不太可能实现的希望。wish for sth.想要...；wish（sb.）to do sth.希望（某人）做某事
表祝愿：wish sb.sth.祝愿某人…
expect “预料；期待” 及物动词 expect sth.期待...；expect（sb.）to do sth.期望...做某事；expect＋that从句 预料/期望……
look forward to “盼望；期待”。look forward to（doing）sth.期待（做）某事
21.
wear “穿；戴着”，强调状态，后接衣帽、鞋子、饰物、奖章等词
dress “穿衣服；给…穿衣”，宾语是人。dress sb.“给...穿衣服”；dress up“乔装打扮”；get dressed“穿上衣服”
put on “穿上；戴上”，强调穿的动作，后接衣服、鞋、帽等词。宾语为代词时，放中间。反义词take off
be in “穿着”，强调状态，后接表示衣服或颜色的名词作宾语
plan n./v 计划，打算. plan to do sth.=make a plan/plans to do sth. 计划做...
plan for sth.=make a plan/plans for sth. 为...制定计划；
be sure of/about +n./代/V-ing, “确信；对...有把握”；be sure to do sth. 务必、一定做...
be sure (that)从句 “肯定，确信”，当sure 前有not, 从句常由whether 或if 引导
promise n. “承诺，诺言” make/keep/break a promise 许下/遵守/违背诺言; v. “许诺，承诺”
promise (not) to do sth 答语、许诺（不）做... promise sth. to sb.=promise sb. sth. 许诺给某人某物；promise that..
.25动词不定式（to do）作宾语的常见动词：want, plan,forget, remember, refuse, need, try, learn, expect, agree, offer, prepare, afford, manage, promise, decide, dare, prefer,continue, like/dislike/love/hate/, hope/wish, begin/start/stop...
八年级（上）Unit7-8
1.environment n.环境→____________adj.自然环境的； an environmental protection group(s) 环境保护组织
2.peace n.和平→________adj.和平的,安宁的→________adv.和平地
3. future n. 将来，未来 in the future 在将来， in future 今后
4. shake n.&v.摇动；抖动→________（did）→________（done）milk shake 奶昔 shake hands 握手
5.salt un.食盐→________adj.咸的
6.tradition n.传统→________adj.传统的；惯例的★ traditional Chinese culture/art这个传统文化/艺术
7.pollute v.污染→________n.污染；污染物★ environmental / noise / air/water/waste/ land/ light/ pollution
8.believe v.相信；认为有可能→___________n.相信;信心;信仰→____________adj.可相信的；可信任的→____________adj.难以置信的，不真实的 believe in sb. 信任(的为人） believe sb. 相信某人（说的话）
believe...(to be)+adj./n.x相信/认为...是... It's believed that + 从句， 相信/认为...Believe it or not.信不信由你。
9.agree v.同意；赞成；应允→________（反义词）→________n.协议，同意
agree with sb./sth. 同意... agree to do sth.同意做某事 agree on/about sth. 就...取得一致意见 agree that...★
10.fall v.&n.倒塌；跌倒；掉落；(数量、价格等）下降，减少 n.秋天→______（did）→______（done）
fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌 fall by 下降了 fall to 下降至 fall off 脱落；掉下（数量）减少下降 fall over 绊倒 fall in love with 爱上 fall asleep 入睡 fall behind 落后 fall into 掉入 fall ill 患病★
11.dig v.掘（地）；凿（洞）；挖（土）→_____（过去式/过去分词）→______（现在分词） dig out挖出
12.celebrate v.庆祝；庆贺→_____________n.庆祝；庆贺★
13.mix v.（使）混合；融合n.混合配料；混合（物）→__________n.混合物 mix… with…把……与……混合
14.possible adj.可能的→___________adv.可能；或许→___________n.可能；可能性→___________adj.不可能的
as + adj/adv. as possible=as...as sb. can 尽可能地... We should learn as much as possible/we can.
serve vt. 接待,服务,提供→_____un. service 服务,接待 serve sb.(with) sth.=serve sth. to sb. 用某物招待某人
fill...with... 动短，强调动作，sb.fill A with B=B be filled with A by sb. The girl filled the bottle with milk.
be full of 形短，强调状态， 充满...,装满... The room is full of smoke now.
message可数名词，表示（书面或口头的）信息、电邮（或手机）信息。
news不可数名词，指新闻及有关最近发生的事的消息。
information不可数名词，泛指各种各样的信息、消息。
Will people use money in 100 years？100年之后，人们还会使用钱吗？
in+一段时间：表示“从现在算起的一段时间之后”，常与一般将来时/过去将来时连用。
after+一段时间：表示“以过去的时间点作为起点，过去一段时间之后”，常与一般过去时连用。
for+一段时间:“已经多久了”强调动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用。
完形填空
Cooking is fun！But you must stay 1 ，too.You'd better work with an adult. Here are some 2 to help you stay safe.
First，get yourself ready. 3 an apron（围裙）to protect your clothes. Do not 4 big clothes which may brush against pots and hot places. Do you have long hair Pull it away from your face. Then wash your 5 . Good cooks wash their hands a lot!
Next，get the kitchen ready.Are some places hard to reach？Get a step chair for help. 6 your Workspace. Then take out your dishes and tools. Be sure that they are in order. Knives and other tools are dangerous. Ask a(n) 7 if it is okay to use them, and let him or her show you how to use them. Will you try to heat food up You'd better know how to work the controls for heat.
Besides，when you set a pot on the stove（炉），point the handle（把手）toward the back.That way，no one will bump（撞）it by 8 .
9 as you work. Wash your hands often. After you cut food,put forks,spoons,or knives in the water. Wash the tools and any other place where you put your food. Do not leave a mess.
Tum everything off when you finish. Then wash your hands once more. And get ready to 10 when it's all over.
( )1.A.rich B.safe C.proud D.soft ( )2.A.reasons B.decisions C.suggestions D.posters
( )3.A.Put in B.Put off C.Put up D.Put on ( )4.A.wear B.change C.put D.carry
( )5.A.hands B.feet C.hair D.face ( )6.A.Build B.Paint C.Clean D.Brush
( )7.A.baby B.boy C.girl D.adult ( )8.A.chance B.luck C.skill D.force
( )9.A.Call up B.Pick up C.Clean up D.Show up ( )10.A.eat B.pay C.buy D.sleep
八年级（上）Unit9-10
mistake n.错误，失误 v. 误会,看错 make a mistake/mistakes 犯错，by mistakes /a mistake 错误地，无意中
prepare v.使做好准备；把……准备好→___________n.准备；准备工作 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
prepare sth. 准备某物... prepare sb. sth.=prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 prepare for...= get ready for...=make preparations for...为……做准备
3.hang v.悬挂；垂下→_________（过去式/过去分词） ________________闲逛；常去某处
4.catch v.及时赶上；接住；抓住；染上（疾病）→_______（过去式/过去分词） catch up with赶上；追上★
5.invite v.邀请→________ n.邀请；请柬 invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去... invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事★
6.sad adj.（令人）悲哀的；（令人）难过的→_________adv.悲伤地；不幸地→________n.悲伤；悲痛；难过
7. normal adj.正常的；一般的→____________adv.通常；正常情况下
8.certain adj.某一；确定的；无疑的→__________adv.无疑；肯定；当然；行
9.angry adj.发怒的；生气的→______n.怒火；怒气→_____adv.发怒地；生气地 be angry with sb.生某人的气★
10. refuse v.拒绝→_________n.拒绝 11 organize v.组织，筹备→_________n组织，团体
12. print v. 打印;印刷; 刊登;发表. n.指纹→_________n.打印机;印刷商;印刷工人
13. teenage adj. 青少年的→_________n.（13-19岁的）青少年
14.solve v.解决;解答→_________n.答案，解决办法 ______________...的解决办法
15. accept“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如想法、表扬、批评等。
receive“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如信件、礼物等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用
16. advice n.劝告；建议→_________v.劝告；建议★
（1）advise作及物动词，意为“劝告；建议”，常见搭配：advise doing sth.“建议做某事advise sb.（not）to do sth.“建议某人（不要）做某事”；advise that sb.（should）do sth.“建某人做某事”。
（2）advice作名词，常见搭配：give sb. advice=give advice to sb.“给某人建议”；ask sb for advice“征求某人的意见”；give sb.advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议 take/follow one's advice“接受某人的建议/劝告”。
注意：advice是不可数名词，不能直接和数词连用，a piece of advice一条建议；而 suggestion 则是可数名词。
17. hear from意为“收到某人的来信”，后接名词或代词的宾格。相当于receive/get a letter from sb.
hear of 意为“听说”，指偶然听说，后接人或物。hear of=hear about
18.（1）if意为“如果”引导条件状语从句时，遵循“主将从现”原则,(主句有时是祈使句或含情态动词）
（2）if还可作“是否”讲，引导宾语从句。
注意：if意为“如果”，引导否定意义的条件状语从句时，if...not可与unless互换。unless为连词，意为“除非；如果不” If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go on a school trip.=Unless it rain tomorrow, we’ll go on a trip.
someone,anything, no one, everybody等不定代词作主语时，都作单数看待，谓语动词用三单，形容词作定语修饰复合不定代词时，要放在不定代词智慧，something interesting，someone important
拓展补充：钟点时刻的表达专练
6:20____________ 5:35 ____________ 7:30 ____________ 9:15 ____________
一天中的具体几点几分用“at＋具体时刻”来表示。时刻读法如下：
整点时的读法：整点数＋o'clock，如：8：00读作eight o'clock（o'clock可省略）
时刻读法 非整点时的读法 顺读法：钟点数+分钟数。如：6：20读作six twenty
逆读法： 当分钟数≤30时，用“分钟数＋past＋钟点数”，意为“几点过几分”。如：1：20读作twenty past one 1点过20分
当分钟数>30时，用“（60-分钟数）+to+下一个钟点数”意为“差几分到几点”。如：3：40读作twenty to four 差20分到4点
【拓展】（1）分钟数为15，可用a quarter表示。 如：9：15读作 a quarter past nine / fifteen past nine，
1：45读作a quarter to two / fifteen to two。
（2）分钟数为30，可用half表示。如：9：30读作half past nine/thirty past mine（30分钟只用past）不用to）。
This time yesterday, Mr Zhang was celebrating his ninetieth birthday at home. He said this to his family 1.________:"Most people change houses during their lifetime, but I have lived in this house2.________I was born. I've got three children and all of them were 3.________in this house too. Most of the time it has been a happy place. The street is very 4.________from before. When I was young, there were no cars and all the children played in the road. Some children still do,5. ________not the same — you've got to be very careful nowadays 6.________the traffic. None of the people who live in the street now are as old as 7.________—many of them have died; others have moved to another area. I don't go out much now and I'm getting a bit deaf. But 8.________of these is important. I've got my children and my grandchildren, and they are everything to me.”
At the end of the party,on the dinner table,Mr Zhang's daughter laid two big bowls of noodles,which were 9._____________up in a minute by the whole family.“Happy 10.________！”everyone said cheerfully to Mr Zhang.第五节 八年级（上）Unit1-2
词汇拓展(该部分单词主要为动词、名词或形容词等的变形,常在中考语法选择、短文填空题型中涉及,标★单词的变形,考生在复习时尤其要重点掌握。)
1.hunger n. 饿；饥饿→ hungry adj. 饥饿的
2. swing n.摆动；秋千v.（使）摆动；摇摆→ swung （过去式/过去分词） swing dance 摇摆舞
3.bore v.使厌烦→ bored adj.厌倦的；烦闷的→ boring adj.没趣的；令人厌倦的be bored with 对……感到厌倦
4.decide v.决定;选定→ decision n.决定 decide（not）to do sth.决定（不）做某事 make a decision作出决定★
5.build v.建筑；建造→ building n.建筑物；房子→ built （过去式/过去分词） build up增进；加强
6.wonder v.想知道；琢磨 n.奇迹→wonderful adj.精彩的；绝妙的★
wonder＋wh-从句 I wonder where you're from.我想知道你来自哪里。
wonder + whether/if从句 I wonder whether you will come.我想知道你是否过来
wonder＋特殊疑问词＋to do I wonder what to do next.我想知道接下来做什么
n.奇迹；奇观 -It's no wonder that.../No wonder that...难怪……
We are completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness of nature.我们完全惊讶于大自然的奇观与伟大。
7.like v.&n.喜欢；喜爱→ dislike v.&n.不喜爱（的事物）；厌恶（的事物）like/dislike to do/doing sth.
die v.消失；灭亡；死亡→ died （did/done）→ dying （-ing）→ death n.死；死亡→ dead adj.死的；失去生命的 die of/from死于 die out灭绝★
few adj.& pron.不多；很少→ fewer 较少的；更少的→ fewest 最少的 quite a few相当多；不少★
seem作系动词，“好像，似乎，看来”，通常不用于现在进行时
主语 + seem（s）（+to be）+ adj./n. 意为“某人/物看 起来/似乎……”。
主语 + seem（s）＋ to do sth.意为“某人/物好像要做某事”。
主语 + seem（s）like 好像/似乎
It seems + that从句 意为“看起来似乎/好像……”。
hard adj. 意为“困难的；硬的”adv. 意为“努力地；猛烈地”。
hardly adv. 意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，常与ever，any等词连用。
across “横过”强调从物体表面的一边到另一边， go across the river
through “穿过，贯穿”强调从物体的内部和空间穿过 go through the forest
past “经过,越过”，强调从旁边经过，走过， go past the bank
八年级（上）Unit3-4
1.win v.获胜;赢;赢得→ won (过去式/过去分词)→ winner n.获胜者;优胜者★
win“获胜；赢；赢得”，后接比赛、奖、荣誉、战争等，其反义词是lose；beat“击败；打败”后接队名或人等，表示“打败某队/人”。beat 还有“击打；心脏跳动”的意思，beat the drums 打鼓
2.care v.在意;担忧;关心一 careful adj.小心的;细致的;精心的;慎重的→ carefully . adv.细致地;小心地;谨慎地一 careless adj.粗心的;不小心的 care about 关心;在意 take care of = look after 照顾
3.choose v.选择；挑选→ chose （过去式）→ chosen（过去分词）→ choice n.选择；挑选★
choose（not) to do sth. 选择（不）做某事 make a choice 做出选择 be responsible for our own choices
4.report v.&n.报道；公布→ reporter n.记者 It’s reported that...据报道...
5.act v.扮演n.行为→actor n.演员→actress n.女演员→active adj. 活跃的；积极的→action n.行动
take action 采取行动 action movie动作影片
6.quiet adj.安静的→quietly adv.轻声地；轻柔地；安静地★
7.clear adj.清楚的；晴朗的v.清理；丢掉→_clearly adv.清楚地；清晰地；明白地 clear out 清理，丢掉
8.serious adj.严肃的；稳重的→_seriously_adv.严肃地；认真地
take… seriously认真对待…… be serious about对……是认真的★
loud adj.响亮的；大声的→_aloud__adv.大声地；出声地→_loudly_adv.喧闹地；大声地；响亮地
touch v. 感动；触摸→___touched______adj.受感动的→_touching__adj.感人的，动人的
八年级（上）Unit5-6
success n.成功→successful_adj.获得成功的;有成就的→successfull adv.成功地→succeed_v.实现目标；成功 succeed in doing sth.成功做某事★
2.science n.科学→scientist_n.科学家→scientific_adj.科学（上）的；关于科学的★
3. medicine n.药；医学→_medical _adj.医疗的；医学的★
4.stand v.忍受；站立→ stood _（过去式/过去分词）stand up 站起来 stand for 代表★
5.educate v.教育→_education_n.教育→ educational adj.教育的；有教育意义的★
6.discuss v.讨论；商量→discussion_n.讨论；商量★
7.expect v.预料；期待→_expectation _n.预料；预期；期待 expect to do sth.期望做某事★
8.mean v.意欲;意思是adj.吝啬的→meaning n.意义;意思→meaningful adj.有意义的；意味深长的→meaningless adj.毫无意义的；意思不明确的 mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
9.appear v.出现→ disappear_v.消失；不见→_appearance_n.外貌；外表；出现；露面★
10.become v.开始变得；变成→_became__（过去式）→become_（过去分词）★
11.lose v.失去；丢失→lost（过去式/过去分词）→_losing _（现在分词）lose one's life 失去生命★
12.send v.邮寄；发送→_ sent__（过去式/过去分词） send for 派人去叫 send out发送；派遣★
13.improve v.改进；改善→_ improvement_n.改善；改进★→_self-improvement _n.自我改进；自我提高
14.main adj.主要的；最重要的→_mainly_adv.主要地；大体上★
15.simple adj.简单的；易做的→simply adv.简单地；仅仅，只，不过
16.able adj.能够→ability n.能力；才能→_disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的 be able to do sth.__能够做某事
17. own adj.& pron.自己的;v.拥有;有→ owner n.物主;主人of one's own 某人自己的on one’s own独自，单独
（1）mind v.“介意；对（某事）烦恼”，常用于疑问句和否定句中，后接名词、代词、V-ing或从句等。
Would/Do you mind doing sth.？“你介意做某事吗？”，表示委婉客气的请求；
Would/Do you mind +宾格/形代＋doing sth.？“你介意某人做某事吗？”。
答语：（不介意）Of course not./Certainly not./Not at all. （介意）I'm sorry./You'd better not./I'm afraid...
mind n.“头脑；思想；记忆力”。 change one’s mind“改变主意”make up one's mind to do sth.“下决心做某事”；keep...in mind“牢记……” come to one’s mind “某人突然想起” free one’s mind “解放某人的思想”
happen 不及物动词，sth. +happened +地点/时间，“某地/某时发生了某事”；sth. +happened to sb.“某人发生了某事”；sb.+happened to do sth.“某人碰巧做了某事”。
辨析 意义及用法 相同点
happen 偶然、没有预料的发生 无被动语态，不与时间段连用
take place 事前安排或有准备地发生。
20.
hope “希望”，表示有信心，可实现的希望。hope to do sth.希望做某事；hope+that从句希望……
wish “希望” 侧重于不太可能实现的希望。wish for sth.想要...；wish（sb.）to do sth.希望（某人）做某事
表祝愿：wish sb.sth.祝愿某人…
expect “预料；期待” 及物动词 expect sth.期待...；expect（sb.）to do sth.期望...做某事；expect＋that从句 预料/期望……
look forward to “盼望；期待”。look forward to（doing）sth.期待（做）某事
21.
wear “穿；戴着”，强调状态，后接衣帽、鞋子、饰物、奖章等词
dress “穿衣服；给…穿衣”，宾语是人。dress sb.“给...穿衣服”；dress up“乔装打扮”；get dressed“穿上衣服”
put on “穿上；戴上”，强调穿的动作，后接衣服、鞋、帽等词。宾语为代词时，放中间。反义词take off
be in “穿着”，强调状态，后接表示衣服或颜色的名词作宾语
plan n./v 计划，打算. plan to do sth.=make a plan/plans to do sth. 计划做...
plan for sth.=make a plan/plans for sth. 为...制定计划；
be sure of/about +n./代/V-ing, “确信；对...有把握”；be sure to do sth. 务必、一定做...
be sure (that)从句 “肯定，确信”，当sure 前有not, 从句常由whether 或if 引导
promise n. “承诺，诺言” make/keep/break a promise 许下/遵守/违背诺言; v. “许诺，承诺”
promise (not) to do sth 答语、许诺（不）做... promise sth. to sb.=promise sb. sth. 许诺给某人某物；promise that..
.25动词不定式（to do）作宾语的常见动词：want, plan,forget, remember, refuse, need, try, learn, expect, agree, offer, prepare, afford, manage, promise, decide, dare, prefer,continue, like/dislike/love/hate/, hope/wish, begin/start/stop...
八年级（上）Unit7-8
1.environment n.环境→environmental adj.自然环境的； an environmental protection group(s) 环境保护组织
2.peace n.和平→peaceful adj.和平的,安宁的→peacefully_adv.和平地
3. future n. 将来，未来 in the future 在将来， in future 今后
4. shake n.&v.摇动；抖动→_shook（did）→shaken （done）milk shake 奶昔 shake hands 握手
5.salt un.食盐→_salty_adj.咸的
6.tradition n.传统→traditional adj.传统的；惯例的★ traditional Chinese culture/art这个传统文化/艺术
7.pollute v.污染→polution n.污染；污染物★ environmental / noise / air/water/waste/ land/ light/ pollution
8.believe v.相信；认为有可能→_believed _n.相信;信心;信仰→belief __adj.可相信的；可信任的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的，不真实的 believe in sb. 信任(的为人） believe sb. 相信某人（说的话）
believe...(to be)+adj./n.x相信/认为...是... It's believed that + 从句， 相信/认为...Believe it or not.信不信由你。
9.agree v.同意；赞成；应允→_disagree（反义词）→agreement_n.协议，同意
agree with sb./sth. 同意... agree to do sth.同意做某事 agree on/about sth. 就...取得一致意见 agree that...★
10.fall v.&n.倒塌；跌倒；掉落；(数量、价格等）下降，减少 n.秋天→ fell（did）→fallen_（done）
fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌 fall by 下降了 fall to 下降至 fall off 脱落；掉下（数量）减少下降 fall over 绊倒 fall in love with 爱上 fall asleep 入睡 fall behind 落后 fall into 掉入 fall ill 患病★
11.dig v.掘（地）；凿（洞）；挖（土）→ dug（过去式/过去分词）→digging _（现在分词） dig out挖出
12.celebrate v.庆祝；庆贺→celebration _n.庆祝；庆贺★
13.mix v.（使）混合；融合n.混合配料；混合（物）→mixture_n.混合物 mix… with…把……与……混合
14.possible adj.可能的→_possibly_adv.可能；或许→possibility n.可能；可能性→impossible_adj.不可能的
as + adj/adv. as possible=as...as sb. can 尽可能地... We should learn as much as possible/we can.
serve vt. 接待,服务,提供→service un. 服务,接待 serve sb.(with) sth.=serve sth. to sb. 用某物招待某人
fill...with... 动短，强调动作，sb.fill A with B=B be filled with A by sb. The girl filled the bottle with milk.
be full of 形短，强调状态， 充满...,装满... The room is full of smoke now.
message可数名词，表示（书面或口头的）信息、电邮（或手机）信息。
news不可数名词，指新闻及有关最近发生的事的消息。
information不可数名词，泛指各种各样的信息、消息。
Will people use money in 100 years？100年之后，人们还会使用钱吗？
in+一段时间：表示“从现在算起的一段时间之后”，常与一般将来时/过去将来时连用。
after+一段时间：表示“以过去的时间点作为起点，过去一段时间之后”，常与一般过去时连用。
for+一段时间:“已经多久了”强调动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用。
完形填空
Cooking is fun！But you must stay 1 ，too.You'd better work with an adult. Here are some 2 to help you stay safe.
First，get yourself ready. 3 an apron（围裙）to protect your clothes. Do not 4 big clothes which may brush against pots and hot places. Do you have long hair Pull it away from your face. Then wash your 5 . Good cooks wash their hands a lot!
Next，get the kitchen ready.Are some places hard to reach？Get a step chair for help. 6 your Workspace. Then take out your dishes and tools. Be sure that they are in order. Knives and other tools are dangerous. Ask a(n) 7 if it is okay to use them, and let him or her show you how to use them. Will you try to heat food up You'd better know how to work the controls for heat.
Besides，when you set a pot on the stove（炉），point the handle（把手）toward the back.That way，no one will bump（撞）it by 8 .
9 as you work. Wash your hands often. After you cut food,put forks,spoons,or knives in the water. Wash the tools and any other place where you put your food. Do not leave a mess.
Tum everything off when you finish. Then wash your hands once more. And get ready to 10 when it's all over.
(B )1.A.rich B.safe C.proud D.soft (C)2.A.reasons B.decisions C.suggestions D.posters
(D)3.A.Put in B.Put off C.Put up D.Put on (A )4.A.wear B.change C.put D.carry
(A)5.A.hands B.feet C.hair D.face (C )6.A.Build B.Paint C.Clean D.Brush
(D)7.A.baby B.boy C.girl D.adult (A )8.A.chance B.luck C.skill D.force
(C )9.A.Call up B.Pick up C.Clean up D.Show up (A )10.A.eat B.pay C.buy D.sleep
八年级（上）Unit9-10
mistake n.错误，失误 v. 误会,看错 make a mistake/mistakes 犯错，by mistakes /a mistake 错误地，无意中
prepare v.使做好准备；把……准备好→_preparation_n.准备；准备工作 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
prepare sth. 准备某物... prepare sb. sth.=prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 prepare for...= get ready for...=make preparations for...为……做准备
3.hang v.悬挂；垂下→hung（过去式/过去分词） _hang out_闲逛；常去某处
4.catch v.及时赶上；接住；抓住；染上（疾病）→caught（过去式/过去分词） catch up with赶上；追上★
5.invite v.邀请→ invitation n.邀请；请柬 invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去... invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事★
6.sad adj.（令人）悲哀的；（令人）难过的→sadly adv.悲伤地；不幸地→_sadness n.悲伤；悲痛；难过
7. normal adj.正常的；一般的→normally_adv.通常；正常情况下
8.certain adj.某一；确定的；无疑的→_certainly adv.无疑；肯定；当然；行
9.angry adj.发怒的;生气的→anger n.怒火;怒气→angrily adv.发怒地;生气地 be angry with sb.生某人的气★
10. refuse v.拒绝→__refusal__n.拒绝 11 organize v.组织，筹备→organization_n组织，团体
12. print v. 打印;印刷; 刊登;发表. n.指纹→_printer_n.打印机;印刷商;印刷工人
13. teenage adj. 青少年的→teenager_n.（13-19岁的）青少年
14.solve v.解决;解答→_solution_n.答案，解决办法 _the solution to___...的解决办法
15. accept“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如想法、表扬、批评等。
receive“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如信件、礼物等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用
advice n.劝告；建议→_advise_v.劝告；建议★
（1）advise作及物动词，意为“劝告；建议”，常见搭配：advise doing sth.“建议做某事advise sb.（not）to do sth.“建议某人（不要）做某事”；advise that sb.（should）do sth.“建某人做某事”。
（2）advice作名词，常见搭配：give sb. advice=give advice to sb.“给某人建议”；ask sb for advice“征求某人的意见”；give sb.advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议 take/follow one's advice“接受某人的建议/劝告”。
注意：advice是不可数名词，不能直接和数词连用，a piece of advice一条建议；而 suggestion 则是可数名词。
17. hear from意为“收到某人的来信”，后接名词或代词的宾格。相当于receive/get a letter from sb.
hear of 意为“听说”，指偶然听说，后接人或物。hear of=hear about
18.（1）if意为“如果”引导条件状语从句时，遵循“主将从现”原则,(主句有时是祈使句或含情态动词）
（2）if还可作“是否”讲，引导宾语从句。
注意：if意为“如果”，引导否定意义的条件状语从句时，if...not可与unless互换。unless为连词，意为“除非；如果不” If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go on a school trip.=Unless it rain tomorrow, we’ll go on a trip.
someone,anything, no one, everybody等不定代词作主语时，都作单数看待，谓语动词用三单，形容词作定语修饰复合不定代词时，要放在不定代词智慧，something interesting，someone important
拓展补充：钟点时刻的表达专练
6:20____________ 5:35 ____________ 7:30 ____________ 9:15 ____________
一天中的具体几点几分用“at＋具体时刻”来表示。时刻读法如下：
整点时的读法：整点数＋o'clock，如：8：00读作eight o'clock（o'clock可省略）
时刻读法 非整点时的读法 顺读法：钟点数+分钟数。如：6：20读作six twenty
逆读法： 当分钟数≤30时，用“分钟数＋past＋钟点数”，意为“几点过几分”。如：1：20读作twenty past one 1点过20分
当分钟数>30时，用“（60-分钟数）+to+下一个钟点数”意为“差几分到几点”。如：3：40读作twenty to four 差20分到4点
【拓展】（1）分钟数为15，可用a quarter表示。 如：9：15读作 a quarter past nine / fifteen past nine，
1：45读作a quarter to two / fifteen to two。
（2）分钟数为30，可用half表示。如：9：30读作half past nine/thirty past mine（30分钟只用past）不用to）。
This time yesterday, Mr Zhang was celebrating his ninetieth birthday at home. He said this to his family 1.________:"Most people change houses during their lifetime, but I have lived in this house2.________I was born. I've got three children and all of them were 3.________in this house too. Most of the time it has been a happy place. The street is very 4.________from before. When I was young, there were no cars and all the children played in the road. Some children still do,5. ________not the same — you've got to be very careful nowadays 6.________the traffic. None of the people who live in the street now are as old as 7.________—many of them have died; others have moved to another area. I don't go out much now and I'm getting a bit deaf. But 8.________of these is important. I've got my children and my grandchildren, and they are everything to me.”
At the end of the party,on the dinner table,Mr Zhang's daughter laid two big bowls of noodles,which were 9._____________up in a minute by the whole family.“Happy 10.________！”everyone said cheerfully to Mr Zhang.
