Unit 3 Environmental Protection
单元话题语法填空练习
(2022春·甘肃兰州·高二兰州市外国语高级中学校考期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并写在答题卡指定位置。
More than a fifth of all reptile species (爬行动物) are threatened with extinction, which could have____1____ destructive impact on the planet, a new study warns. Fifty-two experts analysed data from the Global Reptile Assessment, which, in the past 17 years, ____2____ (receive) contributions from more than 900 scientists across six continents.
Although many reptiles live in dry____3____ (environment) such as deserts and scrubland, most species occur in forests, ____4____ they suffer from threats such as logging and conversion of land for agriculture. Hunting is also a major threat to reptiles, especially turtles and crocodiles (鳄鱼), many of which are____5____ risk of extinction. Another major factor that ____6____ (contribute) to forming the threat is the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species.
The study is not all depressing. Scientists noted that conservation efforts to help other animals are likely to be protecting reptile species as collateral (抵押品). “We found, surprisingly, that if you set out____7____ (protect) places where birds, mammals (哺乳动物) and amphibians (两栖动物) under threat live together, you’ll protect many more____8____ (threaten) reptiles at the same time, ” said Bruce Young, co-leader of the study.
Yet reptiles also require direct, ____9____ (globe) efforts to protect them, said Cox. Governments will negotiate (议定) new targets to protect biodiversity, ____10____ (include) reptiles, in Kunming, China, later this year.
(2022春·河北沧州·高二任丘市第一中学校考期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditionally, live-streamers (主播) sell delicious snacks or local goodies.____11____ a recent live-stream event in Tibet autonomous region did something different. Waste plastic bottles, often ____12____ (regard) as a great damage to the local environment, were sold for 0.5 yuan each, with the____13____ (intend) of raising people’s awareness of Tibet’s pollution issue.
In 2019, about 40 million____14____(tourist) visited Tibet, which in consequence left about 360 million plastic bottles abandoned in branches, on cliffs and in rivers. The white pollution is ____15____ serious threat to the local ecosystem and the local animals, such as yaks.
Over the past few years, more than 5,000 volunteers____16____ (participate) in the anti-white pollution campaign. They carry out over 2,000 clean-ups to collect 200, 000 bottles left by tourists each year. Then the bottles were sorted by color and shipped inland to make raw materials.____17____ (rough), each bottle costs about 0.5 yuan.
The livestream has successfully involved more people____18____ the anti-white pollution campaign (运动), and____19____they have done really makes a difference. It’s really a meaningful event and helps to make it possible for_____20_____ (we) human beings to live in harmony with nature .
(2022春·江苏·高二校联考阶段练习)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area reported a sharp decline in water ___21___(consume) and a great improvement in natural and living environment.
Water use per unit of GDP for the area, also known ___22___ Beijing E-Town, was only one-third of Beijing’s average. The efficiency of water use in the area is among the highest ___23___ (global), said an official at the administrative committee of Bejing E-Town.
In the past decade, Beijing E-Town has further improved ___24___(it) natural and living environment, struggling to become an ideal place to live and work and ___25___ urban area free of “urban diseases”, which refer to problems facing big cities such as traffic jams and environmental pollution.
Now, it has become an ideal habitat for animals. Every year, a large group of birds ___26___ (spot) in the Bejing E-Town section of the Liangshui River, ___27___ was once full of pollution and had an unpleasant smell. After more than 10 years of pollution control and management, it passed the evaluation by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2020, ___28___ (recognize) as one of the first exemplary (典范) rivers in China.
“Bejing E-Town will proceed ___29___(adopt) a people centered approach to development and promote the combination of ____30____ (industry) growth and urban development,” said an official of Beijing E-Town.
(2022春·福建泉州·高二福建省永春第一中学校考期末)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Climate Change Requires The World’s Attention
There is little doubt that Earth ____31____(get) warmer and warmer. In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died. This ____32____(alarm) case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact ____33____Earth’s ecology.
Climate scientists often mention a key climate process ____34____(call) the “greenhouse effect”, ____35____has two common meanings. Without the “natural” greenhouse effect, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem because more heat energy ____36____(trap) in the atmosphere, causing Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and ____37____(nature) disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will ____38____(probable) continue and there will be a higher price ____39____(pay).
Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint”. It is our _____40_____(responsible) to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts.
(2022春·广东佛山·高二统考学业考试)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Each year, we take more than 100 billion tons of natural materials from the earth ____41____(make) the products we buy. However, about two-thirds of them ____42____ (eventual) becomes waste, including almost 3 billion plastic bottles ____43____ end up in the ocean every year.
Since the 1860s, we ____44____ (follow) a common business model. Industries take natural materials, they make things, we use them, and then we throw them away. Environmentalists and economists warn that this model is not good for the environment, so they suggest ____45____new choice: a circular economy (循环经济).
A circular economy ____46____ (base) on the idea of reducing waste by keeping the natural, materials and products in use for much ____47____ (long). It works in a circle, very much the way nature does. The circular economy uses a range of ____48____ (strategy), such as recycling and reusing. In a circular economy, products are designed to be long-lasting and easy to repair from the ____49____ (begin). In this way, we can keep the balance ______50______ human and nature.
(2022春·福建宁德·高二统考期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Important as face masks(口罩)are in our current world, they have a major impact on ___51___environment. Now scientists have demonstrated a novel method for ___52___ (clear) away old masks—by using them ___53___ (make) batteries.
First, the researchers disinfect(给......消毒)the masks, then put them into a special liquid. Next, the masks ___54___ (press) together and heated to 140℃, forming small conductive balls that work as the electrodes(电极)of a battery. These are separated by a layer ___55___ is also made of old masks, then the whole thing is put into an electrolyte (a liquid that allows electricity to pass through it) and ___56___ (final) covered in a protective shell. The shell is made of a different type ___57___ medical waste—drug blister packs.
Of course, cleaning up face masks ___58___ (be) only part of the issue, and it wouldn’t be much help if the batteries weren’t any good. But the team claims that they’re surprisingly ___59___ (success). The best—performing version of the battery continues to have 82 percent of its power after 1,500 cycles, and can deliver energy for more than 10 hours.
The team says that these batteries have a number of other ___60___ (benefit) too. Using waste products means they’re low—cost, and they can be made thin and flexible.
(2022春·河南南阳·高二统考期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
June 8 _61_ (name) officially by the UN in 2009 as World Ocean Day. It’s a day to stress the importance of ocean _62_ remind people to protect it.
It is generally acknowledged that ocean plays an important role in many aspects. First of all, with rich biological resources, ocean _63_ (provide) samples for biological science research in terms of the diversity of global biological resources. Second, its abundant food _64_ (resource) and energy in the ocean make it possible for living things _65_ (survive). Equally importantly, the abundant water resources in the ocean bear the operation of the global water circulation system, _66_ affect or even determine the global climate change. So many benefits does ocean bring to human beings _67_ great importance can’t be attached enough to protect it.
Of course, it’s everybody’s duty to shoulder this responsibility. For one thing, it’s a good idea to _68_ (wide) study knowledge concerning ocean and think of effective approaches _69_ protecting it. For another, let’s stop our bad behaviors which may indirectly pollute ocean. Small things make a big difference. Actions speak _70_ (loud) than words. I believe, with our joint efforts, a truly green will always surround us.
(2022春·江苏无锡·高二校联考阶段练习)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Right now, most people’s attention is on the COVID-19 pandemic. In some way, this pandemic is also warning us to protect ______71______ (we) planet Earth.
World Earth Day, the international movement aiming ______72______ protecting and improving Earth’s environment, is celebrating its 50th anniversary on April 22. For Earth Day 2020, the theme is climate action.
The Earth Day Network organized the Great Global Clean-up event ______73______ (celebrate) this. The network hoped that this would be the ______74______ (large) volunteer event ever in history, with people from all over the world ____75____ (set) up events to remove billions of pieces of trash from green spaces, urban communities and waterways. But due to the current ban on public gatherings and lockdown measures in many affected countries, clean-up events _____76_____(withdraw).
That said, the occasion will still continue in a digital way. “____77____ it is corona virus or our global climate crisis, we cannot shut down. Instead, we must mobilize (动员) the world to action.” said Earth Day Network President Kathleen Rogers.
While the event may not reach its originally _____78_____ (plan) size, Earth Day 2020 could play a role in helping us sustain ______79______ (environment) friendly changes, such as practices like teleworking and video conferencing ____80____ have become more common in this time.
参考答案:
1.a 2.has received 3.environments 4.where 5.at 6.contributes 7.to protect 8.threatened 9.global 10.including
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项的新的研究,研究发现超过五分之一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁,这可能会对地球造成毁灭性的影响。
1.考查冠词。句意:一项新的研究警告说,超过五分之一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁,这可能会对地球造成毁灭性的影响。have an impact on意为“对……有影响”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用不定冠词。空格后destructive的开头发音为辅音音素,不定冠词应用a。故填a。
2.考查动词时态。句意:52名专家分析了《全球爬行动物评估》的数据,在过去的17年里,《全球爬行动物评估》接受了来自六大洲的900多名科学家的投稿。根据“in the past 17 years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。在定语从句中,关系代词which代指先行词the Global Reptile Assessment,所以从句中的主语为第三人称单数。故填has received。
3.考查名词复数。句意:尽管许多爬行动物生活在干燥的环境中,如沙漠和灌木丛,但大多数物种生活在森林中,在那里它们遭受着伐木和耕地转换等威胁。environment意为“环境”,此处为可数名词,根据空后“such as deserts and scrubland”可知,数量大于一,应用复数形式。故填environments。
4.考查定语从句。句意:尽管许多爬行动物生活在干燥的环境中,如沙漠和灌木丛,但大多数物种生活在森林中,在那里它们遭受着伐木和耕地转换等威胁。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为forests,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。故填where。
5.考查介词。句意:狩猎也是爬行动物的主要威胁,尤其是海龟和鳄鱼,其中许多濒临灭绝。at risk of意为“处于……的风险”,为固定搭配。故填at。
6.考查动词时态。句意:造成威胁的另一个主要因素是入侵物种的引入。根据“is the introduction”可知,此处描述客观事实,所以应用一般现在时。在定语从句中,关系代词that代指先行词factor,所以定语从句中的主语为第三人称单数。故填contributes。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:“我们惊奇地发现,如果你着手保护受到威胁的鸟类、哺乳动物和两栖动物共同生活的地方,你将同时保护更多受到威胁的爬行动物,”该研究的联合负责人布鲁斯·杨说。set out to do意为“着手做某事”,为固定搭配。故填to protect。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:“我们惊奇地发现,如果你着手保护受到威胁的鸟类、哺乳动物和两栖动物共同生活的地方,你将同时保护更多受到威胁的爬行动物,”该研究的联合负责人布鲁斯·杨说。动词threaten意为“威胁”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语reptiles构成被动关系,且动作已完成,应用过去分词,作定语。故填threatened。
9.考查形容词。句意:考克斯说,爬行动物也需要全球的直接努力来保护它们。修饰名词efforts,应用形容词global表示“全球的”,作定语。故填global。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:今年晚些时候,各国政府将在中国昆明协商保护生物多样性(包括爬行动物)的新目标。动词include意为“包含”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语biodiversity之间构成主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填including。
11.But 12.regarded 13.intention 14.tourists 15.a 16.have participated 17.Roughly 18.in 19.what 20.us
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了通过在西藏自治区进行的直播,使得更多的人加入到了反白色污染活动当中,这件有意义的事情使我们人类有可能与大自然和谐相处。
11.考查连词。句意:但最近在西藏自治区举行的一次直播活动却有所不同。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填连词连接空前与空后的句子,结合句意可知,空前与空后两个句子间为转折关系,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故填But。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意:废塑料瓶,通常被视为对当地环境的极大破坏,以每瓶0.5元的价格出售,目的是提高人们对西藏污染问题的认识。分析句子结构可知,该句中已经有一个谓语动词were sold,且没有连词,所以此处应填非谓语动词,regard意为“认为”,与空前的名词Waste plastic bottles为被动关系,所以应为过去分词。故填regarded。
13.考查名词。句意:废塑料瓶,通常被视为对当地环境的极大破坏,以每瓶0.5元的价格出售,目的是提高人们对西藏污染问题的认识。此空位于冠词之后,介词之前,所以填名词,intend的名词为intention意为“目的,意图”。故填intention。
14.考查名词。句意:2019年,约有4000万游客访问西藏,导致约3.6亿个塑料瓶被遗弃在树枝、悬崖和河流中。此空处提示词为名词,前有about 40 million来修饰,在句中作主语,所以此处填名词复数。故填tourists。
15.考查冠词。句意:白色污染对当地生态系统和当地动物(如牦牛)构成严重威胁。此空提示词threat意为“构成威胁的事/人”时为可数名词,其前必须有限定词,结合句意可知此处表示泛指,填不定冠词,且空后serious的发音是以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
16.考查动词时态。句意:在过去的几年里,超过5000名志愿者参加了反白色污染运动。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词,由时间状语Over the past few years可知,应用现在完成时,主语more than 5,000 volunteers为复数,且与participate为主动关系。故填have participated。
17.考查副词。句意:大致而言,每瓶的价格约为0.5元。分析句子结构可知,此处填副词作状语,rough的副词形式为roughly,且位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Roughly。
18.考查介词。句意:直播成功地让更多的人参与了反白色污染运动,他们所做的确实有所作为。结合句意可知,此处表示的是“在……运动中”,介词应使用in。故填in。
19.考查主语从句。句意:直播成功地让更多的人参与了反白色污染运动,他们所做的确实有所作为。分析句子结构可知,此处引导主语从句,从句中缺少谓语动词have done的宾语,指的是“事情”。故填what。
20.考查代词。句意:这确实是一个有意义的事件,有助于使我们人类有可能与自然和谐相处。此空位于介词之后与human being的内容相同,作做介词的宾语,所以填we的宾格形式。故填us。
21.consumption 22.as 23.globally 24.its 25.an 26.are spotted 27.which 28.recognized 29.to adopt 30.industrial
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了北京经开区近几年在环保方面做出的努力和取得的成就。
21.考查名词。句意:据报道,北京经济技术开发区的用水量大幅下降,自然和生活环境有了很大改善。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作宾语,应用名词;consume的名词形式为consumption,表示“消耗”,此处指耗水量。故填consumption。
22.考查固定搭配。句意:该地区也被称为北京经开区,单位GDP用水量仅为北京平均水平的三分之一。known as为固定搭配,表示“被称为……”。故填as。
23.考查副词。句意:北京经开区管理委员会的一位官员表示,该地区的用水效率是全球最高的。分析句子可知,设空处在句中修饰前面的形容词highest,应用副词;global的副词形式为globally,表示“全球地、世界上”。故填globally。
24.考查代词。句意:在过去的十年里,北京经开区进一步改善了自然环境和生活环境,努力成为一个理想的生活和工作场所,成为一个没有“城市病”的城区。分析句子可知,设空处在句中限定后面的natural and living environment,表示“它的自然环境和生活环境”,应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
25.考查冠词。句意:在过去的十年里,北京经开区进一步改善了自然环境和生活环境,努力成为一个理想的生活和工作场所,成为一个没有“城市病”的城区。分析句子可知,设空处在句中限定后面的urban area,area为可数名词单数,此处指“一个城区”,表泛指,应用不定冠词;设空处位于urban前,urban属于元音音素开头的词,此处应用an。故填an。
26.考查动词时态和语态。句意:每年,在曾经污染严重、气味难闻的凉水河段,都会发现一大群鸟类。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作谓语,应用动词;其主语为a large group of birds,与spot之间为被动关系,应用被动语态be done结构;结合时间状语every year可知,此处表示经常发生的事,用一般现在时的被动语态;主语为复数形式,故谓语也用复数形式。故填are spotted。
27.考查定语从句。句意:每年,在曾经污染严重、气味难闻的凉水河段,都会发现一大群鸟类。分析句子可知,设空处在句中引导一个从句,修饰前面的the Liangshui River,主从句之间有逗号隔开,且从句对the Liangshui River起补充说明的作用,这是一个非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词表示物,应用which引导。故填which。
28.考查非谓语动词。句意:经过十余年的污染治理,于2020年通过水利部评价,被认定为中国首批示范河流。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词passed,设空处只能填非谓语动词形式,其逻辑主语为it,二者之间为被动关系,应用过去分词recognized。故填recognized。
29.考查非谓语动词。句意:北京经开区将坚持以人民为中心的发展思想,促进产业发展和城市发展相结合。proceed to do sth为固定短语,表示“继续做某事”,此处整个to do不定式作宾语。故填to adopt。
30.考查形容词。句意:北京经开区将坚持以人民为中心的发展思想,促进产业发展和城市发展相结合。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作定语,修饰后面的名词growth,应用形容词;industry的形容词形式为industrial,表示“工业的、产业的”。故填industrial。
31.is getting 32.alarming 33.on##upon 34.called 35.which 36.is trapped 37.natural 38.probably 39.to pay 40.responsibility
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球变暖已成趋势,而其造成的后果的不仅危害了自然界的动植物,也危害了人类自己。因此我们有责任抓住每一个机会,让每个人都了解全球变暖及其原因和影响。
31.考查时态。句意:毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越暖。分析可知,所填动词为从句谓语动词,用现在进行时表“发展趋向”这一含义。从句主语为第三人称单数,用“is doing”结构。故填is getting。
32.考查形容词。句意:这一令人担忧的案例表明,气温升高对地球生态产生了影响。分析可知,空处应用形容词修饰空后名词“case”,作定语,意为“令人担忧的”。故填alarming。
33.考查介词。句意:这一令人担忧的案例表明,气温升高对地球生态产生了影响。“have an impact on/upon sth”,固定短语,意为“对……有影响”。故填on/upon。
34.考查非谓语动词。句意:气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程,它有两个共同的含义。分析可知,所填动词为非谓语,后置定语修饰名词climate process,动词“call”与其之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填called。
35.考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意:气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程,它有两个共同的含义。分析可知,“___5___ has two common meanings”为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a key climate process,指物,且在从句中作主语,用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
36.考查时态和被动。句意:然而,“人为”温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题,因为更多的热能被困在大气中,导致地球表面温度迅速上升。分析可知,所填动词为从句谓语动词,结合语境时态为一般现在时,动词“trap”与主语“more heat energy”之间为被动关系,主语为第三人称单数,用一般现在时被动语态结构:is done。故填is trapped。
37.考查形容词。句意:有强有力和全面的证据表明,气温上升已导致全球极端天气和自然灾害的增加,不仅造成严重破坏,还造成了人员伤亡。分析可知,形容词作定语修饰空后名词“disasters”。“nature”,名词,意为“自然”,其形容词形式为“natural(自然的)”。故填natural。
38.考查副词。句意:气候科学家警告说,如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖趋势可能会持续下去,我们将付出更高的代价。分析可知,副词作状语修饰动词“continue”。“probable”,形容词,意为“可能的”,其副词形式为“probably(很可能,或许)”。故填probably。
39.考查动词不定式。句意:气候科学家警告说,如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖趋势可能会持续下去,我们将付出更高的代价。分析可知,所填动词应是动词不定式作后置定语,表“将要,被动”含义。故填to pay。
40.考查名词。句意:我们有责任抓住每一个机会,让每个人都了解全球变暖及其原因和影响。分析可知,“our”为形容词性物主代词,作定语修饰名词,因此所填应是名词。“responsible”,形容词,意为“负责的”,其名词形式为“responsibility(责任)”,结合语境用单数形式。故填responsibility。
41.to make 42.eventually 43.that##which 44.have followed 45.a 46.is based 47.longer 48.strategies 49.beginning 50.between
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要描述了现如今我们自然资源利用率不高,造成严重的资源浪费现象,环保主义者和经济学家就此提出了一种新模式:循环经济。
41.考查非谓语动词。句意:每年,我们从地球上获取超过1000亿吨的天然材料来制造我们所购买的产品。分析句子结构,该句子谓语动词是take,所以该空填非谓语动词。由句意可知,此处要用不定式to make,作目的状语。故答案为to make。
42.考查副词。句意:然而,大约三分之二的塑料最终变成了垃圾,包括每年近30亿个塑料瓶最终进入海洋。分析句子结构,该空在句中作状语,所以要用副词,eventual的副词是eventually,表示“最终;终于”。故答案为eventually。
43.考查定语从句关系词。句意:然而,大约三分之二的塑料最终变成了垃圾,包括每年近30亿个塑料瓶最终进入海洋。分析句子结构,此处考查限制性定语从句,修饰先行词3 billion plastic bottles,指物,从句缺少主语,所以填关系代词that或which。故答案为that/which。
44.考查时态。句意:自19世纪60年代以来,我们一直遵循一种共同的商业模式。由时间状语Since the 1860s可知,时态为现在完成时,表示该动作从过去一直持续到现在,主语是we,助动词用have。故答案为have followed。
45.考查冠词。句意:环保主义者和经济学家警告说,这种模式对环境不利,因此他们提出了一种新的选择:循环经济。分析句子结构,choice是可数名词单数,此处表泛指且是第一次在文中出现,所以填不定冠词,new的发音以辅音音素开头,所以填a。故答案为a。
46.考查时态和语态。句意:循环经济的理念是通过延长自然、材料和产品的使用时间来减少浪费。分析句子结构,该空是句子的谓语动词,be based on表示“基于……”,主语A circular economy是单数,此处是客观事实, 时态为一般现在时,故答案为is based。
47.考查比较级。句意:循环经济的理念是通过延长自然、材料和产品的使用时间来减少浪费。空前的much常常修饰比较级,所以空处填longer。故答案为longer。
48.考查名词的数。句意:循环经济采用了一系列的策略,例如回收和再利用。空前是a range of,所以空处要使用可数名词复数,即strategies。故填strategies。
49.考查名词和固定短语。句意:在循环经济中,产品从一开始就设计得经久耐用,易于维修。空前是定冠词,所以空处填其名词形式,即beginning,构成短语from the beginning,表示“从一开始”。故答案为beginning。
50.考查介词。句意:这样,我们可以保持人与自然之间的平衡。根据空前关键词keep the balance和空后关键词and,空处填介词between,构成短语keep the balance between…and…,表示“保持……和……之间的平衡”。故答案为between。
51.the 52.clearing 53.to make 54.are pressed 55.which##that 56.finally 57.of 58.is 59.successful 60.benefits
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的方法来处理旧口罩:用它们来制造电池。
51.考查冠词。句意:尽管口罩在当今世界很重要,但它们对环境有重大影响。分析句意可知,environment是不可数名词,是世界上独一无二的称谓,表特指,所以空格处用定冠词the特指“环境”符合语境。故填the。
52.考查动名词。句意:现在,科学家们展示了一种新的方法,用它们来制造电池,以清除旧口罩。根据空格前的介词for可知,介词后面应该用名词或动名词作宾语,再分析句意,括号里的提示词clear是动词,所以此处填提示词的动名词形式。故填clearing。
53.考查动词不定式。句意:同上。分析句意可知,此处是表目的,所以应该用动词不定式作目的状语,符合语境。故填to make。
54.考查被动语态。句意:接下来,这些口罩被压在一起并加热到140℃,形成小导电球,用作电池的电极。根据上句中的谓语动词disinfect和下一句中的be动词可知,本句的时态为一般现在时,又因为press和主语masks之间是被动和关系,所以要用被动语态,且主语是复数名词,be动词用are。故填are pressed。
55.考查定语从句。句意:它们被一层同样由旧口罩制成的层隔开,然后将整个东西放入电解质(一种允许电流通过的液体)中,最后覆盖在保护壳中。分析句式结构可知,此处是定语从句,先行词是layer,指物,且从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词which或that来引导。故填which或that。
56.考查副词。句意:同上。根据空格后的covered可知,此处用提示词的副词形式finally作状语修饰动词,符合语境。故填finally。
57.考查介词。句意:句意:外壳由不同类型的医疗废物药物泡罩包装制成。分析句意再根据空格前的type可知,此处用介词of与type搭配,表示“……的类型”符合语境。故填of。
58.考查动词的时态。句意:当然,清理口罩只是问题的一部分,如果电池不好也没什么帮助。分析句式结构可知,本句的主语是动名词短语cleaning up face masks,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,且时态是一般现在时,所以be动词用is。故填is。
59.考查形容词。句意:但该团队声称他们取得了惊人的成功。分析句式结构可知,此处用形容词作表语,符合题意,所以空格处应该用提示词的形容词形式。故填successful。
60.考查名词。句意:该团队表示,这些电池还有许多其他好处。根据空格前的a number of,再根据提示词可知,此处应该用可数名词的复数形式。故填benefits。
61.was named 62.and 63.provides 64.resources 65.to survive 66.which 67.that 68.widely 69.to 70.louder
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了世界海洋日的确立和海洋的重要性以及我们应该怎样保护海洋。
61.考查时态和语态。句意:2009年,联合国正式将6月8日定为世界海洋日。根据句意和所给动词name分析句子可知,空格处是该句子的谓语部分;因为句子主语和谓语动词name之间是被动关系,所以句子应该用被动语态;根据句子的时间状语是in 2009可知,句子应该用一般过去时。故填was named。
62.考查连词。句意:这是一个强调海洋重要性,提醒人们保护它的日子。根据句意分析句子可知,空格后的动词remind和上文的动词stress是并列关系,所以空格处应该填入一个并列连词连接动词stress和remind。故填and。
63.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:首先,海洋拥有丰富的生物资源,就全球生物资源的多样性而言,海洋为生物科学研究提供了样本。根据句意分析句子可知,空格处是该句子的谓语部分,根据句意和上下文的时态是一般现在时可知,该句子应该用一般现在时;因为句子的主语是ocean,所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填provides。
64.考查可数名词单复数。句意:其次,海洋中丰富的食物资源和能源使生物得以生存。根据句意和所给可数名词resource可知,空格处应该填入resource的复数形式,因为既然是丰富的食物资源,那肯定不是一种,且resource一词当“资源”讲时通常用复数。故填resources。
65.考查不定式。句意:其次,海洋中丰富的食物资源和能源使生物得以生存。根据句意和所给动词survive以及句中的make it possible for living things可知,此处是考查固定句型make+it+adjective+for somebody to do something,其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式复合结构for somebody to do something。故填to survive。
66.考查定语从句。句意:同样重要的是,海洋中丰富的水资源承载着全球水循环系统的运行,影响甚至决定着全球气候变化。根据句意分析句子可知,空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句定语从句,该定语从句缺少主语,所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词,代替先行词the global water circulation system在从句中作主语。故填which。
67.考查固定句型。句意:海洋给人类带来了如此多的好处,我们对它的保护怎么重视都不够。根据句意和句首的so以及空格后的句子可知,此处是考查固定句型so...that...(如此……以致……),所以空格处应该填入连词that。故填that。
68.考查副词。句意:一方面,广泛研究有关海洋的知识,思考有效的方法来保护它是一个好主意。根据句意和空格后的动词study以及所给形容词wide可知,空格处应该填入wide的副词形式widely作状语,修饰后面的动词study。故填widely。
69.考查介词。句意:一方面,广泛研究有关海洋的知识,思考有效的方法来保护它是一个好主意。根据句意和空格前的名词approaches以及空格后的protecting分析句子可知,空格后的部分是定语,修饰前面的名词approaches,所以空格处应该填入介词to。故填to。
70.考查比较级。句意:嘴动不如行动。根据句意和所给副词loud以及空格后的than可知,空格处应该填入loud的比较级形式louder。故填louder。
71.our 72.at 73.to celebrate 74.largest 75.setting 76.were withdrawn 77.Whether 78.planned 79.environmentally 80.that##which
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。 在2020世界地球日到来之际,地球日网络组织了全球大清洁活动,但由于目前许多受影响国家禁止公众集会和采取封锁措施,清理活动延期,虽然这项活动可能达不到最初计划的宏伟目标,但在帮助我们保护环境方面发挥着作用。
71.考查代词。句意:在某种程度上,这场大流行也在警告我们要保护我们的地球。空后为名词,设空处应为形容词性的物主代词修饰名词,故填our。
72.考查介词。 句意:世界地球日,旨在保护和改善地球环境的国际运动,将于4月22日庆祝其成立50周年。aim at(旨在、瞄准),故填at。
73.考查不定式。 句意:为庆祝这一天,地球日网络组织了全球大清洁活动。 此处在句子中作目的状语,应用动词不定式,故填to celebrate。
74.考查形容词的最高级。句意:该网络希望这将是有史以来最大的志愿者活动,来自世界各地的人们组织活动来清除绿地、城市社区和水道中的数十亿垃圾。根据空前的the以及 “ever in history (在历史上)”,可知设空处应为形容词的最高级。故填largest。
75.考查现在分词。 句意:该网络希望这将是有史以来最大的志愿者活动,来自世界各地的人们组织活动来清除绿地、城市社区和水道中的数十亿垃圾。 在with的复合结构中,宾语people与动词短语set up之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作宾语补足语,故填setting。
76.考查时态语态。句意:但由于许多受影响国家目前禁止公共集会和封锁措施,清理活动被取消。 主语 clean﹣up events (清理事件)为复数名词,与动词withdraw(取消)之间为被动关系,本句与上一句时态一致,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were withdrawn。
77.考查状语从句。句意:无论是冠状病毒还是全球气候危机,我们都不能关闭。whether…or…(无论…...还是…...),引导让步状语从句,故填Whether。
78.考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然2020年地球日的规模可能达不到最初计划的规模,但它可以在帮助我们维持对环境友好的变革方面发挥作用,例如远程办公和视频会议等做法在这段时间变得越来越普遍。设空处在句中作非谓语,和其逻辑主语size之间为逻辑的被动关系,应用动词的过去分词的形式作定语。故填planned。
79.考查副词。句意:虽然这项活动可能达不到最初计划的宏伟目标,但2020年地球日可以在帮助我们维持环境友好的变化方面发挥作用,例如远程工作和视频会议等在这一时期成为更为普遍的做法。 此处作状语修饰形容词friendly,应用所给词的副词environmentally(与环境有关地),environmentally friendly 表示“环保的”,故填environmentally。
80.考查定语从句。 句意:虽然这项活动可能达不到最初计划的宏伟目标,但2020年地球日可以在帮助我们维持环境友好的变化方面发挥作用,例如远程工作和视频会议等在这一时期变得更为普遍的做法。 此处需要一个连接词引导定语从句,连接词指代先行词practices(做法)在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which。 故填that/which。