人教版2019选择性必修第三册 单元 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单元话题语法填空练习(有答案)

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名称 人教版2019选择性必修第三册 单元 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单元话题语法填空练习(有答案)
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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
单元话题语法填空练习
(2022秋·甘肃兰州·高二课时练习)语法填空
Schoolwork can be stressful sometimes, especially in the final year of high school, which can affect our health. Therefore, finding a good way to deal ___1___ pressure is important. I just discovered my new favorite method: trampolining (蹦床运动)!
The door opens and you are amazed ___2___ (see) people jumping and flying around like superheroes. The trampoline park is full of ___3___ (colour) trampolines. For beginners, it is the best area to start.
It was a little bit ___4___ (frighten) at the beginning, as we could hardly walk on the trampolines. ___5___ when I started to jump, I felt all the stress leave my body. After jumping for a while, I ___6___ (lie) down and closed my eyes, imagining I had become a bird that could touch the sky.
There were some other bouncing (弹跳) ___7___ (activity). My favorite one was the basketball dunking (扣篮) area, ___8___ included a basketball hoop above runway trampolines. With the power of bouncing, I could dunk like ___9___ NBA superstar. It was not only relaxing, but also fun!
While outdoor activities ____10____ (large) depend on the weather, indoor trampoline parks are really good places to go whenever you want to have a good time.
(2022秋·江苏·高二课时练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Norwegian Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole on December 14, 1911, after a long journey from the South Circle. His opponent, Scott, ___11___(arrive) on January 18, 1912, a month late, and ___12___(unfortunate), Scott’s team encountered extreme weather and did not make ___13___ back alive.
How did Amundsen get there before Scott and returned safe and sound There were two main reasons. First reason: the tools used were different. Amundsen used dogs to pull the sled, while Scott used horses. In normal conditions, horses were ___14___(strong) than dogs and could carry more supplies. But in the extreme cold of the Antarctic, they were not hardly enough ___15___(stand) the cold. One after another, they died, ___16___(delay) Scott’s arrival at the pole.
Second reason: Amundsen had experienced the cold. Amundsen, ___17___ had lived in the Eskimo tribe for a long time, remembered many of the Eskimo’s methods of ___18___(survive) and used them flexibly in his Antarctic expeditions, such as using animal fur to keep warm, finding “shelter” outside from the wind and snow, and having sled dogs alternate between jobs.
A research station called Amundsen-Scott, ___19___(establish) by the United States in 1957 ____20____ honour of the two great explorers.
(2022秋·安徽·高二课时练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Icebergs are giant blocks of ice that float in the sea. They come in many ____21____(shape), sizes, and colors. Some are deep blue or green. Some look like ____22____(float) sculptures. Old icebergs that have been worn down by the weather sometimes look like pillars of ice.
How is ____23____ iceberg formed Icebergs begin and end in the ocean. First, moisture from the ocean rises into the air and ____24____ (move) up into Earth’s atmosphere. Over Antarctica,____25____ air is cold, the water falls as snow. As layers of snow develop, their heavy weight presses down and turns the snow to ice in the polar climate. In fact, 90 percent of all the world’s ice is on the continent of Antarctica. Huge areas of ice ____26____ (call) ice sheets and glaciers move slowly across the continent toward the sea. The fastest-moving Antarctic glacier moves about 1.25 miles in a year.
____27____ (usual), only about one-fifth of an iceberg appears above the surface of the water. The other four-fifths of the “berg” ____28____ (hide) underwater, out of sight. Sometimes, an iceberg has ____29____ is called a “foot,” an extension completely underwater. These are especially ____30____ (danger) for ships. It was an iceberg “foot” that sank the Titanic in 1912, killing 1,503 people.
Every year, thousands of new icebergs are formed in the ocean around Antarctica. If you’re lucky, you’ll get to see one someday.
(2022秋·高二课时练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s tough to teach kids perseverance and mental strength in the modern world. Technology allows for instant satisfaction and our digital devices offer an easy escape when things get tough. Kids have less ____31____ (patient) than ever when things aren’t going their way. The good news is that perseverance is a skill that can ____32____ (learn), even in the age of electronics.
Although there are many mental strength exercises ____33____ will teach your kids to stay the course, the Batman Effect is a fun and simple way to show kids they're ____34____ (strong) than they think.
Telling your child ____35____ (pretend) to be Batman, Dora the Explorer, Bob the Builder, or another hardworking character could increase his ability to persevere, according ____36____ a 2016 study published in Child Development.
Identify one of your child’s favorite ____37____ (character) — make sure it’s someone who is hardworking, like Rapunzel. Then, you can say, “Pretend to be Rapunzel and do your work ____38____ same way Rapunzel would do it.” Check up on him regularly by ____39____ (ask), “How’s it going, Rapunzel ” You’ll probably find he’s able to perform better than usual.
Each time your child____40____ (successful) perseveres, he’ll build the mental strength he needs to do hard things. And the more confident he becomes, the more challenges he’ll tackle.
(2022秋·高二课时练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was easy for us ____41____(imagine) the danger ahead of Shackleton. For us,____42____(stay) alive took all our time and energy. There were no trees ____43____(grow) on Antarctica and no oil,so we had to burn animal fat. ____44____ meat of sea creatures was what we had all,we would all starve if it ____45____(be) not for sea animals. The sweat could freeze very ____46____(quick) and we had to be careful not to go outside too often. Our discipline and team spirit kept us ____47____(optimism) and helped us deal with our fears ____48____ a positive and successful way. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his ____49____(commit) to save us from a slow _____50_____ painful death.
(2022秋·高二课时练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s most sophisticated and challenging space adventure ---- the Chang'e 5 robotic lunar mission---- ended successfully early Thursday morning with its load of rocks and dust from the moon ____51____ (land) on the grasslands in northern China.
The recovery team will make initial processing of the capsule and then use a plane to transport it to Beijing, ____52____ it will be opened for _____53_____(technique) to remove the container holding 2 kg of lunar samples from a _____54_____ (previous) unvisited area known as “Ocean of Storms”, the China National Space administration said.
Next, the sealed samples will be transferred to specially ____55____ (design) laboratories for analyses, experiments and tests so scientists can determine the extraterrestrial (地球以外的) substances’ composition, structure and traits. This can _____56_____ (deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the solar system. _____57_____ those scientific objectives, project planners also want the mission to help to foster the country's knowledge, technology and talent pool for its future manned lunar missions and other deep-space expeditions. Therefore, _____58_____ certain proportion of the samples will also be on public display to enhance science ______59______ (aware) among the public, especially young generations.
The successful landing marked the completion of the historic 23-day Chang'e 5 expedition, the first in more than 40 years ______60______ (bring) lunar samples back to Earth, also making China the third country to achieve this feat after the United States and the former Soviet Union.
(2022秋·高二课时练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If we take a close look ___61___successful people we can always see that they are usually not those ____62____never failed at all in their life. In fact, some of the most successful people in this world we have heard of ____63____(start)out poorly, and actually they have failed many times.
There are many great ____64____(fail)that famous people met with. For example, one of the ___65___(famous)basketball players of all time, Michael Jordan, was just an ordinary person before ____66____(join) the NBA and he was even cut out from his school basketball team because they said he was “lack of skill”. Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists in history, was thought as ____67____(mental) retarded(迟钝的) when he was young. He didn't speak until he turned four and didn't read until he was seven. ____68____poor were his grades in school that his teacher finally asked him to quit school.
When ____69____(trap) in the adversity, don't complain, Successful people accept the adversity as ____70____important part of life and never put the blame on others.
(2021春·内蒙古赤峰·高二赤峰二中校考期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You give a smile to___71___world, and the world will give you many___72___( smile). Smiling is a kind of body language and it's very useful. Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others___73___(feel) delighted. Sometimes a smile is so remarkable that it gives people who suffer___74___disasters great courage.
A little boy named Lang Zheng, for instance,___75___(impress) and encouraged a great many people in a serious earthquake in Wenchuan. Right after he___76___( save) by the soldiers from the ruins, he smiled to them. His smile was like sunshine___77___ warmed people in___78___(sad).
We can say that without smile our life would be colorless and___79___( difficulty). It is suggested that we should smile as much as possible. Smile___80___(give) people strong strength and makes troubled people see the hope and light.
参考答案:
1.with 2.to see 3.colourful##colorful 4.frightening 5.But 6.lay 7.activities 8.which 9.an 10.largely
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者进行蹦床运动的经历及感受。
1.考查介词。句意:因此,找到一个好的方法来应对压力是很重要的。deal with为短语,表示“处理,应付”。故填with。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:门开了,你惊奇地看到人们像超级英雄一样四处跳着、飞着。分析句子结构可知,此处是“形容词+不定式”结构,不定式作状语。see的不定式为to see。故填to see。
3.考查形容词。句意:蹦床公园里到处都是五颜六色的充气玩具。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填形容词colourful或colorful,作定语,修饰名词trampolines。故填colourful或colorful。
4.考查形容词。句意:刚开始有点吓人,因为我们几乎不能在蹦床上走。此处指“令人害怕的”,It充当主语,所以此处应用-ing形式的情感形容词frightening表示“令人害怕的”。故填frightening。
5.考查连词。句意:刚开始有点吓人,因为我们几乎不能在蹦床上走。但是当我开始跳的时候,我感觉所有的压力都离开了我的身体。结合语意,设空处前后是转折关系,所以此处应用连词but表转折。句首字母要大写。故填But。
6.考查动词时态。句意:跳了一会儿,我躺下,闭上眼睛,想象着自己变成了一只可以触摸天空的小鸟。根据该句中的closed可知,此处陈述的是过去发生的事情,故时态应用一般过去时。lie的过去式为lay。故填lay。
7.考查名词。句意:还有其他一些蹦蹦跳跳的活动。some other后跟可数名词复数。故填activities。
8.考查定语从句。句意:我最喜欢的是篮球扣篮区,那里有一个在跑道蹦床上方的篮球筐。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,area是先行词,指物,在后面的定语从句中充当主语,所以此处只能用which引导从句。故填which。
9.考查冠词。句意:因为弹跳产生了力量,我可以像NBA巨星一样灌篮。此处NBA巨星是泛指,而且NBA的发音以元音音素开头,所以应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
10.考查副词。句意:户外活动主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填副词largely作状语,修饰谓语depend on。故填largely。
11.arrived 12.unfortunately 13.it 14.stronger 15.to stand 16.delaying 17.who 18.survival 19.was established 20.in
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿蒙森是世界上第一个站上南极点的人以及他成功的原因。
11.考查时态。句意:他的对手斯科特于1912年1月18日抵达,晚了一个月,不幸的是,斯科特的团队遭遇了极端天气,没能活着回来。分析可知,所填动词作句子的谓语,根据句中的时间状语“1912”可知,谓语动词用一般过去时。故填arrived。
12.考查副词。句意:他的对手斯科特于1912年1月18日抵达,晚了一个月,不幸的是,斯科特的团队遭遇了极端天气,没能活着回来。分析可知,此处用副词修饰整个句子,作状语。“unfortunate”,形容词,意为“不幸的”,其副词是“unfortunately(不幸地;遗憾地)”,符合句意表达。故填unfortunately。
13.考查不定代词it和固定短语。句意:他的对手斯科特于1912年1月18日抵达,晚了一个月,不幸的是,斯科特的团队遭遇了极端天气,没能活着回来。分析可知,“make it”,固定搭配,意为“成功做成某事”。故填it。
14.考查形容词比较级。句意:在正常情况下,马比狗更强壮,能够携带更多的补给。根据空格后的“than”可知,此空用形容词比较级。故填stronger。
15.考查动词不定式。句意:但是在极冷的南极,它们几乎没有足够的体力站得住寒冷。分析可知,“enough to do sth”,固定短语,意为“足够做某事”。故填to stand。
16.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们一个接一个地死去,拖延了斯科特到达南极的时间。分析可知,“___6___(delay) Scott’s arrival at the pole”为结果状语,动词“delay(延误)”与主语“they”之间是主动关系,用现在分词。故填delaying。
17.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:阿蒙森在爱斯基摩部落生活了很长一段时间,他记得爱斯基摩人的许多生存方法,并在他的南极探险中灵活地运用了这些方法,比如用动物皮毛取暖,在外面寻找“避风避雪”,以及让雪橇犬轮流工作。分析可知,“__7___ had lived in the Eskimo tribe for a long time”为之前名词“Amundsen”的非限制性定语从句,先行词在从句中作主语,需用关系代词“who”引导。故填who。
18.考查名词。句意:阿蒙森在爱斯基摩部落生活了很长一段时间,他记得爱斯基摩人的许多生存方法,并在他的南极探险中灵活地运用了这些方法,比如用动物皮毛取暖,在外面寻找“避风避雪”,以及让雪橇犬轮流工作。分析可知,“of”后接名词,故此空应是名词。“survive”,动词,意为“生存;活下来”,其名词形式为“survival(生存)”。故填survival。
19.考查时态和被动。句意:1957年,为了纪念这两位伟大的探险家,美国建立了一个名为阿蒙森——斯科特的研究站。分析可知,所填空应是句子的谓语,主语“A research station”与动词“establish”之间是被动关系,且发生在1957年,故用一般过去时的被动语态:was done。故填was established。
20.考查介词和固定短语。句意:1957年,为了纪念这两位伟大的探险家,美国建立了一个名为阿蒙森——斯科特的研究站。分析可知,“in honour of”是固定短语,意为“为了纪念……”。故填in。
21.shapes 22.floating 23.an 24.moves 25.where 26.called 27.Usually 28.is hidden 29.what 30.dangerous
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰川的形成和危害。
【详解】1. 考查名词复数。句意:它们有许多形状、大小和颜色。many修饰可数名词复数,可数名词shape用复数形式。故填shapes。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意:有些看起来像漂浮的雕塑。根据句意,提示词作定语修饰名词sculptures,是非谓语动词,float与sculptures之间是主动关系,用现在分词作定语。故填floating。
3. 考查冠词。句意:冰山是如何形成的?结合句意,可数名词iceberg(冰山)在句中是泛指,前面应使用不定冠词修饰,又因iceberg音标中的第一个单节是元音音素/a /,应使用不定冠词an限定。故填an。
4. 考查时态。句意:首先,海洋中的水分上升到空气中,并上升到地球的大气中。分析句子可知,提示词与rises是并列关系,是谓语动词,用一般现在时态,单数形式。故填moves。
5. 考查定语从句。句意:在南极洲上空,空气寒冷,水以雪的形式降落。分析句子可知,空格处为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Antarctica,表地点,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,表示“在南极洲”,应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意:被称为冰原和冰川的巨大区域的冰缓慢地穿过大陆向海洋移动。分析句子可知,call(称呼)作后置定语修饰名词词组areas of ice,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语areas of ice之间是被动关系,应用过去分词表示被动。故填called。
7. 考查副词。句意:通常,冰山只有五分之一露出水面。根据句意,提示词修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,作时间状语,另外,句首单词首字母大写。故填Usually。
8.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:冰山的另外五分之四隐藏在水下,看不见。分析句子可知,hide(隐藏)是句中谓语动词,与主语The other four-fifths of the “berg”之间是被动关系,描述科学事实,应使用一般现在时态,又因“分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与其中的名词保持人称和数的一致,名词the “berg”是单数名词,所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上,谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态,单数形式。故填is hidden。
9. 考查名词性从句。句意:有时,冰山有所谓的“脚”,是完全在水下的延伸部分。连接代词what引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,表示“……的人/事/物/话/地方”。分析句子可知,空格后是宾语从句,从句引导词在从句中作主语,表示“被称为‘脚’的部分”。综上,应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。故填what。
10. 考查形容词。句意:这些对船只来说特别危险。根据句意,提示词在句中作表语,用形容词dangerous,意为“危险的”。故填dangerous。
31.patience 32.be learned 33.that##which 34.stronger 35.to pretend 36.to 37.characters 38.the 39.asking 40.successfully
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何引导孩子提高自己的坚持不懈的能力。
31.考查名词。句意:当事情不尽如人意时,孩子们比以往任何时候都更没有耐心。设空处由less修饰,且做动词have的宾语,应填不可数名词;patient的名词为patience,意为“耐心”。故填patience。
32.考查语态。句意:好消息是,坚持是一种可以学习的技能,即使是在电子时代。skill为先行词,后接限定性定语从句,设空处为从句的谓语动词,learn与逻辑主语skill之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,情态动词后应用be+动词过去分词。故填be learned。
33.考查定语从句。句意:虽然有很多精神力量练习可以教会孩子坚持到底,但蝙蝠侠效应是一个有趣而简单的方式,让孩子们知道他们比自己想象的更强大。mental strength exercises为先行词,后接限定性定语从句,在从句mental strength exercises作主语,为物,设空处可用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。
34.考查形容词比较级。句意:虽然有很多精神力量练习可以教会孩子坚持到底,但蝙蝠侠效应是一个有趣而简单的方式,让孩子们知道他们比自己想象的更强大。设空处后前为be动词,后有than,设空处应用形容词比较级。故填stronger。
35.考查非谓语动词。句意:2016年发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项研究显示,告诉你的孩子假装自己是蝙蝠侠、探险家多拉、建筑师鲍勃或其他努力工作的角色,可以提高他坚持不懈的能力。动词短语tell sb to do sth为固定搭配,意为“告诉某人做某事”,设空处应用动词不定式做补语。故填to pretend。
36.考查介词。句意:2016年发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项研究显示,告诉你的孩子假装自己是蝙蝠侠、探险家多拉、建筑师鲍勃或其他努力工作的角色,可以提高他坚持不懈的能力。此处考查介词短语according to,意为“根据,依据”,做状语。故填to。
37.考查名词复数。句意:找出你孩子最喜欢的角色之一——确保是一个勤奋的人,比如长发公主。根据“one of+名词复数”,设空处应用名词复数,故填characters。
38.考查冠词。句意:假装是莴苣姑娘,用莴苣姑娘会做的方法来做你的工作。same应与定冠词the搭配,the same意为“相同的,同样的”。故填the。
39.考查动名词。句意:定期对他进行检查,问他:“最近怎么样,乐佩 ”介词by后接动名词,作介词by的宾语。故用asking。
40.考查副词。句意:每次你的孩子成功地坚持下去,他就会建立起他需要的精神力量去做困难的事情。设空处在谓语动词persevere前,应用副词,修饰动词。形容词successful的副词为successfully,作状语。故填successfully。
41.to imagine 42.staying 43.growing 44.Though/Although 45.were 46.quickly 47.optimistic 48.in 49.commitment 50.but
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要讲了面对沙克尔顿的危险,我们的乐观和信心帮助我们坚持活下去。
41.考查固定句式。句意:我们很容易想象沙克尔顿面临的危险。“it' s+ 形容词+for+sb.to do sth.”是一个固定句式,意为:对某人来说做某事是……的。故填to imagine。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:对我们来说,活下去需要我们所有的时间和精力。分析可知空格处与alive共同构成句子的主语,故空格处填非谓语动词,表示一般性的动作用动名词作主语,故填staying。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:南极洲没有树木,也没有石油,所以我们必须燃烧动物脂肪。句子的谓语是were,故空格处填所给动词的非谓语形式,trees与grow是主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语。故填growing。
44.考查连词。句意:虽然海洋生物的肉是我们所有的食物,但如果没有海洋动物,我们都会饿死。空格所在的句子主干成分完整,且以逗号结尾,故空格处填连词。由句意可知,空格后的句子与后一句是让步关系,故此处用Though/Although引导让步状语从句。故填Though/Although。
45.考查if条件句中的虚拟语气。句意:虽然海洋生物的肉是我们所有的食物,但如果没有海洋动物,我们都会饿死。分析可知if引导的条件句描述的内容与现在事实相反,故此处是对现在的虚拟,谓语用一般过去式,be用were,故填were。
46.考查副词。句意:汗水可能很快就会结冰,所以我们必须小心不要太频繁地外出。空格前是动词freeze,故空格处填副词修饰该动词。故填quickly。
47.考查形容词。句意:我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观,帮助我们以积极和成功的方式处理我们的恐惧。“keep sb. +形容词”意为:让某人保持……。故空格处填形容词,此处指让我们保持乐观。故填optimistic。
48.考查固定搭配。句意:我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观,帮助我们以积极和成功的方式处理我们的恐惧。“in a+形容词+way”是一个固定搭配,意为:以一种……的方式。故填in。
49.考查名词。句意:他以他的承诺来回报我们,将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。空格前是形容词性物主代词his,故空格填名词,表抽象意义,不可数,故填commitment。
50.考查连词。句意:他以他的承诺来回报我们,将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。根据句意可知slow和painful之间是转折关系,故填but。
51.landing 52.where 53.technicians 54.previously 55.designed 56.deepen 57.Besides 58.a 59.awareness 60.to bring/to have brought
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国最复杂、最具挑战性的太空冒险——嫦娥5号自动探月任务——周四凌晨圆满结束。
51.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国最复杂、最具挑战性的太空冒险——嫦娥5号自动探月任务——周四凌晨圆满结束,载满岩石和尘埃的月球着陆在中国北方草原上。分析句子结构可知,with的复合结构作状语, 且 rocks and dust与land之间是主动关系,要用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填landing。
52.考查定语从句。句意:中国国家航天局(China National Space administration)表示,回收小组将对返回舱进行初步处理,然后用飞机将返回舱运送到北京,在那里,技术人员将打开返回舱,从一个以前无人到访的“风暴之海”(Ocean of Storms)地区取出2公斤月球样品。分析句子结构可知,此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词 Beijing,地点名词,在从句中作地点状语,要用关系副词where引导。故填where。
53.考查名词。句意:中国国家航天局(China National Space administration)表示,回收小组将对返回舱进行初步处理,然后用飞机将返回舱运送到北京,在那里,技术人员将打开返回舱,从一个以前无人到访的“风暴之海”(Ocean of Storms)地区取出2公斤月球样品。分析句子结构可知,空处需填名词作宾语,technician意为“技术人员”,是可数名词,此处表示泛指,且没有冠词修饰,需用名词复数形式。故填technicians。
54.考查副词。句意:中国国家航天局(China National Space administration)表示,回收小组将对返回舱进行初步处理,然后用飞机将返回舱运送到北京,在那里,技术人员将打开返回舱,从一个以前无人到访的“风暴之海”(Ocean of Storms)地区取出2公斤月球样品。分析句子结构可知,修饰形容词unvisited作状语,要用副词。形容词previous的副词为previously先前。故填previously。
55.考查非谓语动词。句意:接下来,这些密封的样品将被转移到专门设计的实验室进行分析、实验和测试,以便科学家们确定外星物质的组成、结构和特性。分析句子结构可知,will be transferred为谓语动词,空处需填非谓语动词作定语,design和will be transferred为动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填designed。
56.考查动词。句意:这可以加深他们对月球和太阳系历史的了解。分析句子结构,空格前有情态动词can,后接动词原形。形容词deep的动词形式为deepen加深。故填deepen。
57.考查介词。句意:除了这些科学目标,计划制定者还希望此次任务有助于培养中国的知识、技术和人力库,为未来的载人探月任务和其他深空探索提供帮助。根据上下句的意思,和关键词also,可知这些科学目标之外,还有还希望这次任务能帮助培养国家的知识、技术和人才库,为将来的登月任务和其他深空探险提供帮助。除……之外(还有),且空格后有名词短语 those scientific objectives,所以要用介词besides,位于句首首字母要大写。故填Besides。
58.考查冠词。句意:因此,一定比例的样本也会公开展示,以提高公众特别是年轻一代的科学意识。空格后有可数名词单数proportion部分,此处表示泛指,且certain是以辅音音素开头,要用不定冠词a。故填a。
59.考查名词。句意:因此,一定比例的样本也会公开展示,以提高公众特别是年轻一代的科学意识。分析句子结构,空处需填名词作宾语,aware的名词形式是awareness,是抽象名词,不可数。故填awareness。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意:嫦娥五号的成功着陆标志着具有历史意义的23天远征的完成,这是40多年来首次将月球样本带回地球,也使中国成为继美国和前苏联之后第三个实现这一壮举的国家。固定结构the first to do sth.此处是不定式作定语。bring的动作也可表示对现在产生的结果,所以也可以用不定式的完成式to have brought。故填to bring/to have brought。
61.at 62.who 63.started 64.failures 65.most famous 66.joining 67.mentally 68.So 69.trapped 70.an
【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者通过文章鼓励我们,要成功,就要学会接受逆境,勇于拼搏。
61.考查介词。句意:如果我们仔细看一看成功的人,我们总是可以发现,他们通常不是那些在生活中从来没有失败过的人。take a close look at近距离地观看,固定短语。故填at。
62.考查定语从句。句意:如果我们仔细看一看成功的人,我们总是可以发现,他们通常不是那些在生活中从来没有失败过的人。________never failed at all in their life该句为定语从句,修饰先行词 those,those指代人,应该用who引导定语从句。故填who。
63.考查时态。句意:事实上,我们听说过的世界上一些最成功的人一开始都很糟糕,实际上他们失败过很多次。该句主语为 some of the most successful people,且讲述的是过去的事情,应该用一般过去时。故填started。
64.考查名词。句意:名人遇到过很多伟大的失败。空格前的many修饰可数名词的复数形式。所以该用fail的名词复数形式,故填failures。
65.考查最高级。句意:历史上最著名的篮球运动员之一,迈克尔乔丹。根据句意以及后文的of all time表明此处形容词应使用最高级。故填most famous。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:迈克尔·乔丹,在加入NBA之前只是一个普通人,他甚至被学校篮球队除名,因为他们说他缺乏技能。介词 before后应接动名词作宾语。故填joining。
67.考查副词。句意:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,历史上最伟大的科学家之一,在他年轻的时候被认为智力迟钝。副词修饰形容词retarded。故填mentally。
68.考查倒装句。句意:他在学校的成绩太差,所以最后他的老师让他退学。由空格后的were his grades以及that可知该句为倒装句。正常语序应为his grades were________ poor in school that his teacher finally asked him to quit school其中固定搭配为so……that….. 太…所以。故填So。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意:当陷入逆境时,不要抱怨,成功的人把逆境当作人生重要的一部分,从不埋怨别人。空格处与其逻辑主语you之间为被动关系,应该用过去分词。故填trapped。
70.考查冠词。句意:当陷入逆境时,不要抱怨,成功的人把逆境当作人生重要的一部分,从不埋怨别人。由句意“人生重要的一部分”可知,此处用不定冠词,又因为important 的读音以元音音素开头,故填an。
71.the 72.smiles 73.to feel 74.from 75.impressed 76.was saved 77.which 78.sadness 79.difficult 80.gives
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个名叫郎铮的小男孩在汶川大地震中给很多人留下了深刻的印象和鼓舞,他的故事告诉人们“微笑能给人力量,让烦恼的人看到希望和光明”的道理。
【详解】1.考查定冠词。句意:你给世界一个微笑,世界就会给你许多微笑。world(世界)前应用定冠词。故填the。
2.考查名词复数。句意:你给世界一个微笑,世界就会给你许多微笑。表示具体的微笑时,smile为可数名词,many后应用复数形式。故填smiles。
3.考查固定搭配。句意:美丽的微笑不仅能使我们自己快乐,而且能使别人感到高兴。enable sb to do意为“使某人能够做某事”,为固定搭配。故填to feel。
4.考查介词和固定搭配。句意:有时微笑的影响是如此巨大,能给遭受灾难的人巨大的勇气。suffer from意为“遭受……”,为固定搭配。故填from。
5.考查一般过去时。句意:例如,一个名叫郎铮的小男孩在汶川大地震中给很多人留下了深刻的印象和鼓舞。根据encouraged可知,此处为一般过去时。故填impressed。
6.考查一般过去时和被动语态。句意:就在官兵们把他从废墟中救出来之后,他对他们笑了。主语he和动词save构成被动关系,用被动语态,根据smiled可知,此处为一般过去时,且谓语动词用单数,故填was saved。
7.考查定语从句。句意:他的微笑像阳光一样温暖着悲伤中的人们。此处为定语从句,关系词指代先行词sunshine并在从句中作主语,故填which。
8.考查名词。句意:他的微笑像阳光一样温暖着悲伤中的人们。介词in后应用名词,不可数名词sadness意为“悲伤”。故填sadness。
9.考查形容词。句意:我们可以说,没有微笑,我们的生活将是没有色彩和困难的。be动词后应用形容词,作表语,故填difficult。
10.考查一般现在时。句意:微笑给人以坚强的力量,让烦恼的人看到希望和光明。这句话为客观真理,应用一般现在时。主语smile为第三人称单数。故填gives。