2023届高三英语二轮复习判断推理题微技能课件 （36张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习判断推理题微技能课件 （36张PPT） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-16 15:32:26 | ||
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文档简介
(共36张PPT)
课前2分钟背诵：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
positive 肯定的,积极的 passive 被动的，消极的 negative 消极的 supportive 支持的 disapproving 不赞成的 critical 批评的 conservative 保守的 suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的 puzzled/ confused 困惑的 subjective 主观的
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
concerned 关心的，有关的
optimistic 乐观的
pessimistic 悲观的
indifferent 漠不关心的
unconcerned 不关心的
高三二轮复习专项
---判断推理题微技能
阅读理解
推理判断题
推断隐含意义题
推断写作意图题
推断文章出处或读者对象题
推理判断题 要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。推理判断能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。每年每套题通常会有 4～6 题。
推断观点态度题
以文中信息为依据去推断, 切忌主观臆断，做到推断有理，判断有据
注意
推断隐含意义
要求
推断言外之意或弦外之音
题干
常含infer(推断), suggest, imply
常有can, could, probably, likely等
考情
通常每篇文段都有1道题
推断隐含意义思维导图
1．细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可以判断正确答案。
典题印证
Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.
Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.
their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old
the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand
the information they collected could become more valuable in future
it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of
√
真题回顾
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A. It's formal. B. It's risky. C. It's harmful. D. It's traditional.
B
真题回顾
In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors
A. They may be badly treated. B. They should take furthertraining.
C. They could be traded illegally. D. They would lose popularity.
A
1.推断隐含意义---关键词句细推敲
2022·高考阅读D篇
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
35.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A.It is a short-sighted decision. B.It is a success story.
C.It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers.
1.推断隐含意义---关键词句细推敲
2021·高考B篇
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone(using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A.It remains a family necessity.
B.It will fall out of use some day.
C.It may increase daily expenses.
D.It is as important as the gas light.
2．态度倾向类推断题
考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：
(1)中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等； (2)褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；
(3)贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。
推断观点态度题
典题印证
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cell phones，email and social media，have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students
A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Neutral.
√
附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
positive 肯定的,积极的 passive 被动的，消极的 negative 消极的 supportive 支持的 disapproving 不赞成的 critical 批评的 conservative 保守的 suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的 puzzled/ confused 困惑的 subjective 主观的
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
concerned 关心的，有关的
optimistic 乐观的
pessimistic 悲观的
indifferent 漠不关心的
unconcerned 不关心的
真题回顾
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think “From my standpoint,
it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would.”
What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
A
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon. C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
B
2．文章来源或读者对象类推断题
考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。
典题印证
EU members’ states have agreed to ban a toxic substance widely found in clothing because it poses an “acceptable risk” to the environment. Countries voted in favor of extending existing restrictions on nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) to imports of clothing and other textile products.
The measure is intended to protect species in water. Use of NPE in textile manufacture in Europe was banned over 10 years ago but the substance is still released into the water environment through imported textiles being washed.
……
A 2011 study by Greenpeace found NPE in two-thirds of clothes tested, including items sold by big-name brands such as Adidas, H&M, Lacoste, and Ralph Lauren. The NGO (Non-Governmental Organizations) argued that although concentrations of NPE found in the clothes were low, the chemical’s existence in the environment posed a risk.
Which section of the website does the text come from
A. Lifestyle. B. Technology. C. Business. D. Environment.
√
答案 D
[解析] 推理判断题。这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了欧盟禁止在织物中使用一种对环境有害的物质NPE，这种物质在织物清洗时会释放到水中，影响水环境，进而影响水中鱼类的生长。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的EU members' states have agreed to ban a toxic substance widely found in clothing because it poses an ''acceptable risk'' to the environment.(欧盟的成员国已经同意禁止一种广泛存在于服装中的有毒物质，因为它对环境构成了“可接受的风险”)可知，本文主要讲述了欧盟禁止在织物中使用一种对环境有害的物质NPE，这种物质在织物清洗时会释放到水中，影响水环境，进而影响水中鱼类的生长。由此推测本文很有可能出现在网页的环境相关的板块。D. Environment.(环境)符合以上说法，故选D项。
3．写作意图类推断题
要求根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握，阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句，准确归纳文章主题。
典题印证
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21，but since it has caught on，events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets，it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special，it’s still worth a try，as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but you’ll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events，you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions，and because these are family affairs，children are well catered for with apple -themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards．If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To show how to grow apples.
B．To introduce an apple festival.
C．To help people select apples.
D．To promote apple research.
√
答案 B
[解析] 写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.”和最后一段最后一句“If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日——Apply Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日。
4．态度倾向类推断题
考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：
(1)中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等； (2)褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；
(3)贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。
推断观点态度题
典题印证
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cell phones，email and social media，have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students
A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Neutral.
√
答案 B
[解析] 观点态度题。文章第一段作者说现在的大学生没有承担起成人的责任，第二段作者分析了原因，指出由于父母的引导延伸到了大学导致学生自主能力的缺失。
附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
positive 肯定的,积极的 passive 被动的，消极的 negative 消极的 supportive 支持的 disapproving 不赞成的 critical 批评的 conservative 保守的 suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的 puzzled/ confused 困惑的 subjective 主观的
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
concerned 关心的，有关的
optimistic 乐观的
pessimistic 悲观的
indifferent 漠不关心的
unconcerned 不关心的
WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!
We want to prevent serious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever and African swine fever from spreading to Finland. These and other animal diseases can be transmitted from one country to another by animals or by meat and dairy products even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.
Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products
from non-EU countries to Finland!
A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs!
Whom is this notice intended for
A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland.
C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries.
√
答案 B
[解析] 写作意图类推断题。该应用文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通知，并对人们进行了建议和指引。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。
【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】
There are many sources of debate on a long Toad trip, including route selection, the choice of snacks, and, probably most importantly, what to Play on the radio. Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio without the need for headphones has been a goal of car makers for decades, and scientists may have finally managed it.
A team from the University of Le Mans in France carefully positioned microphones, speakers and filters（过滤器）to create personalised sound zones (PSZs) inside a car, and the small regions are where sound from a set of speakers can be heard clearly. Outside these, it can not be heard.
One barrier which scientists have previously been unable to overcome was the impact of moving one’s seat. They were able to form a PSZ, but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or backwards.
The French team created a new algorithm(算法) specifically to tackle this issue, which handles the sound waves to create “bright” and “dark” zones in the car. “Loudspeakers are placed in the headrests, and specific filters for each transducer(换能器) are calculated to reproduce a sound signal that maintains good quality in the zone under consideration and is strongly weakened in other zones.” said Dr Lucas Vindrola, the author of the study. “The key to the technique working properly is having sufficient microphones placed around the car to detect how many people are in the car and where they are sitting. The price to pay is to have control microphones in the passenger section, so that the algorithm can work.”
However, the technique is not yet ready to be commercially rolled out as a luxurious optional extra just yet, as it currently works only for a limited range of frequencies.
28. What was once a challenge for scientists
A. PSZs could hardly be formed.
B. The sound of moving a seat is loud,
C. They couldn’t create movable PSZs.
D. The seats couldn’t be moved back and forth.
29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How the impact of moving one’s seat was addressed.
B. Why enough microphones are placed around the car.
C. When the algorithm can work well for all passengers.
D. Where “bright” and “dark” zones are created in the car.
30. What can we infer about the new technique
A. It currently works without limitation.
B. It has been put into use commercially.
C. It can function well with enough microphones.
D. It is costly to detect the position of microphones.
31. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To launch a new debate. B. To tackle an old problem.
C. To advertise an algorithm. D. To introduce a new technology.
√
√
√
【答案】 28.C 29. A 30.D 31.C
【解析】大意：本文是科技说明文，文章是关于如何运用新技术让在车上的每个人都可以在不带耳机的情况下，听到自己喜欢听的音乐。
28. C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or backwards可知PSZs没有办法随着座位移动而移动，因此选C。
29. A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句的中心句The French team created a new algorithm (算法) specifically to tackle this issue可知，本段是要解决PSZs没有办法跟着移动的问题，采用新的算法以及放置足够多的麦克风来控制，因此选A。
30. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的The key to the technique working properly is having enough microphones placed around the car可知，算法的成功与否的关键取决于是否有足够多的麦克风放置在车中，故选D。
31. C。主旨概括题。根据文章开头的Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio …and scientists may have finally managed it可知，本文主要介绍科学家们运用新的技术让每个人都听到自己喜欢听的音乐，接下来第二段到第四段分别对怎么用新技术，碰到了哪些挑战以及怎么战胜挑战进行了描述，最后指出这项发明的局限性，故选C。
课前2分钟背诵：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
positive 肯定的,积极的 passive 被动的，消极的 negative 消极的 supportive 支持的 disapproving 不赞成的 critical 批评的 conservative 保守的 suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的 puzzled/ confused 困惑的 subjective 主观的
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
concerned 关心的，有关的
optimistic 乐观的
pessimistic 悲观的
indifferent 漠不关心的
unconcerned 不关心的
高三二轮复习专项
---判断推理题微技能
阅读理解
推理判断题
推断隐含意义题
推断写作意图题
推断文章出处或读者对象题
推理判断题 要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。推理判断能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。每年每套题通常会有 4～6 题。
推断观点态度题
以文中信息为依据去推断, 切忌主观臆断，做到推断有理，判断有据
注意
推断隐含意义
要求
推断言外之意或弦外之音
题干
常含infer(推断), suggest, imply
常有can, could, probably, likely等
考情
通常每篇文段都有1道题
推断隐含意义思维导图
1．细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可以判断正确答案。
典题印证
Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.
Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.
their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old
the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand
the information they collected could become more valuable in future
it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of
√
真题回顾
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A. It's formal. B. It's risky. C. It's harmful. D. It's traditional.
B
真题回顾
In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors
A. They may be badly treated. B. They should take furthertraining.
C. They could be traded illegally. D. They would lose popularity.
A
1.推断隐含意义---关键词句细推敲
2022·高考阅读D篇
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
35.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A.It is a short-sighted decision. B.It is a success story.
C.It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers.
1.推断隐含意义---关键词句细推敲
2021·高考B篇
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone(using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A.It remains a family necessity.
B.It will fall out of use some day.
C.It may increase daily expenses.
D.It is as important as the gas light.
2．态度倾向类推断题
考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：
(1)中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等； (2)褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；
(3)贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。
推断观点态度题
典题印证
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cell phones，email and social media，have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students
A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Neutral.
√
附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
positive 肯定的,积极的 passive 被动的，消极的 negative 消极的 supportive 支持的 disapproving 不赞成的 critical 批评的 conservative 保守的 suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的 puzzled/ confused 困惑的 subjective 主观的
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
concerned 关心的，有关的
optimistic 乐观的
pessimistic 悲观的
indifferent 漠不关心的
unconcerned 不关心的
真题回顾
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think “From my standpoint,
it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would.”
What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
A
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon. C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
B
2．文章来源或读者对象类推断题
考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。
典题印证
EU members’ states have agreed to ban a toxic substance widely found in clothing because it poses an “acceptable risk” to the environment. Countries voted in favor of extending existing restrictions on nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) to imports of clothing and other textile products.
The measure is intended to protect species in water. Use of NPE in textile manufacture in Europe was banned over 10 years ago but the substance is still released into the water environment through imported textiles being washed.
……
A 2011 study by Greenpeace found NPE in two-thirds of clothes tested, including items sold by big-name brands such as Adidas, H&M, Lacoste, and Ralph Lauren. The NGO (Non-Governmental Organizations) argued that although concentrations of NPE found in the clothes were low, the chemical’s existence in the environment posed a risk.
Which section of the website does the text come from
A. Lifestyle. B. Technology. C. Business. D. Environment.
√
答案 D
[解析] 推理判断题。这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了欧盟禁止在织物中使用一种对环境有害的物质NPE，这种物质在织物清洗时会释放到水中，影响水环境，进而影响水中鱼类的生长。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的EU members' states have agreed to ban a toxic substance widely found in clothing because it poses an ''acceptable risk'' to the environment.(欧盟的成员国已经同意禁止一种广泛存在于服装中的有毒物质，因为它对环境构成了“可接受的风险”)可知，本文主要讲述了欧盟禁止在织物中使用一种对环境有害的物质NPE，这种物质在织物清洗时会释放到水中，影响水环境，进而影响水中鱼类的生长。由此推测本文很有可能出现在网页的环境相关的板块。D. Environment.(环境)符合以上说法，故选D项。
3．写作意图类推断题
要求根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握，阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句，准确归纳文章主题。
典题印证
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21，but since it has caught on，events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets，it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special，it’s still worth a try，as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but you’ll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events，you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions，and because these are family affairs，children are well catered for with apple -themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards．If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To show how to grow apples.
B．To introduce an apple festival.
C．To help people select apples.
D．To promote apple research.
√
答案 B
[解析] 写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.”和最后一段最后一句“If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日——Apply Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日。
4．态度倾向类推断题
考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：
(1)中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等； (2)褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；
(3)贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。
推断观点态度题
典题印证
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cell phones，email and social media，have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students
A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Neutral.
√
答案 B
[解析] 观点态度题。文章第一段作者说现在的大学生没有承担起成人的责任，第二段作者分析了原因，指出由于父母的引导延伸到了大学导致学生自主能力的缺失。
附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
positive 肯定的,积极的 passive 被动的，消极的 negative 消极的 supportive 支持的 disapproving 不赞成的 critical 批评的 conservative 保守的 suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的 puzzled/ confused 困惑的 subjective 主观的
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
concerned 关心的，有关的
optimistic 乐观的
pessimistic 悲观的
indifferent 漠不关心的
unconcerned 不关心的
WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!
We want to prevent serious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever and African swine fever from spreading to Finland. These and other animal diseases can be transmitted from one country to another by animals or by meat and dairy products even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.
Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products
from non-EU countries to Finland!
A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs!
Whom is this notice intended for
A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland.
C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries.
√
答案 B
[解析] 写作意图类推断题。该应用文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通知，并对人们进行了建议和指引。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。
【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】
There are many sources of debate on a long Toad trip, including route selection, the choice of snacks, and, probably most importantly, what to Play on the radio. Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio without the need for headphones has been a goal of car makers for decades, and scientists may have finally managed it.
A team from the University of Le Mans in France carefully positioned microphones, speakers and filters（过滤器）to create personalised sound zones (PSZs) inside a car, and the small regions are where sound from a set of speakers can be heard clearly. Outside these, it can not be heard.
One barrier which scientists have previously been unable to overcome was the impact of moving one’s seat. They were able to form a PSZ, but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or backwards.
The French team created a new algorithm(算法) specifically to tackle this issue, which handles the sound waves to create “bright” and “dark” zones in the car. “Loudspeakers are placed in the headrests, and specific filters for each transducer(换能器) are calculated to reproduce a sound signal that maintains good quality in the zone under consideration and is strongly weakened in other zones.” said Dr Lucas Vindrola, the author of the study. “The key to the technique working properly is having sufficient microphones placed around the car to detect how many people are in the car and where they are sitting. The price to pay is to have control microphones in the passenger section, so that the algorithm can work.”
However, the technique is not yet ready to be commercially rolled out as a luxurious optional extra just yet, as it currently works only for a limited range of frequencies.
28. What was once a challenge for scientists
A. PSZs could hardly be formed.
B. The sound of moving a seat is loud,
C. They couldn’t create movable PSZs.
D. The seats couldn’t be moved back and forth.
29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How the impact of moving one’s seat was addressed.
B. Why enough microphones are placed around the car.
C. When the algorithm can work well for all passengers.
D. Where “bright” and “dark” zones are created in the car.
30. What can we infer about the new technique
A. It currently works without limitation.
B. It has been put into use commercially.
C. It can function well with enough microphones.
D. It is costly to detect the position of microphones.
31. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To launch a new debate. B. To tackle an old problem.
C. To advertise an algorithm. D. To introduce a new technology.
√
√
√
【答案】 28.C 29. A 30.D 31.C
【解析】大意：本文是科技说明文，文章是关于如何运用新技术让在车上的每个人都可以在不带耳机的情况下，听到自己喜欢听的音乐。
28. C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or backwards可知PSZs没有办法随着座位移动而移动，因此选C。
29. A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句的中心句The French team created a new algorithm (算法) specifically to tackle this issue可知，本段是要解决PSZs没有办法跟着移动的问题，采用新的算法以及放置足够多的麦克风来控制，因此选A。
30. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的The key to the technique working properly is having enough microphones placed around the car可知，算法的成功与否的关键取决于是否有足够多的麦克风放置在车中，故选D。
31. C。主旨概括题。根据文章开头的Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio …and scientists may have finally managed it可知，本文主要介绍科学家们运用新的技术让每个人都听到自己喜欢听的音乐，接下来第二段到第四段分别对怎么用新技术，碰到了哪些挑战以及怎么战胜挑战进行了描述，最后指出这项发明的局限性，故选C。