北师大版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit4 Humour LESSON 3 My Favourite Comedian 词汇精讲课堂课件（42张PPT）

(共42张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修二 Unit 4 (LESSON 3 — READING CLUB 2)
本单元词汇梳理
1. comedian 来自 comedy
2. nationality national (adj 国家的) + -ity
词族：nation, national, nationality, international
3. reputation 词块：have a reputation for, earn / gain / acquire a good reputation as
4. encounter en- (= in- 进入) + counter (against 相反) → 进入面对面的相对状态 → 相遇
意为“偶然碰到”是正式用语，对应 come across
词块：a chance encounter
5. amuse 词块：keep sb amused, amuse oneself
词族：amuse, amused, amusing, amusement
6. rely 词块：rely on；派生词：reliable
7. purely pure (adj 纯粹的) + -ly
8. universal uni- (one 一) + vers (to turn 转) + -al (形容词后缀) → 转为一体的 → 通用的
词块：a universal truth, Universal Studios (环球影城)
9. episode 常用义：（电视剧中的）一集
美剧中的 season（季）和 episode（集）
10. astonished 词族：astonish, astonishing (分词形容词), astonishment, astonished (分词形容词)
11. steak medium / medium-rare / rare / well-done steak
12. raw 词块：raw materials
13. contemporary con- (together 共同) + tempor (time 时代) + -or + -ary (形容词后缀) → 同时代的 → 当代的
14. screenwriter screen (n 银幕) + writer (n 作家)
15. mostly most (adj 大多数的) + -ly
近义词：mainly
16. amusing amuse (v 逗……乐) + -ing
17. creation create (v 创造) + -ion
18. contrary contr (against 与……相反) + -ary (形容词后缀) → 相
反的
词块：on the contrary, contrary to
19. academic 词块：academic research, academic year
词族： academy, academic, academically
20. scholarship scholar (n 学者) + -ship → 资助学者的资金 → 奖学金
词块：win / receive / get / earn a scholarship, award
sb a scholarship
21. attain at- (= ad-, to 去) + tain (to touch 触摸) → 去触摸 → 达到、
得到
正式用语 (比 achieve 正式) ；词块：attain one’s goal
22. obtain ob- (表示加强) + tain (to hold 拿住) → 稳稳拿住 → 获得
正式用语 (对应 get)
词块：obtain ... from
23. talent 词源故事：来自耶稣的一则寓言故事：主人要出远门，按能力依次给了三个仆人 5 个、2 个和 1 个塔兰特币 (talent) 。主人回来后，前两个仆人都通过投资挣了钱，得到了主人的夸奖。最后一个仆人把钱埋在地底下，主人很生气，没收了他的钱并交给最有能力的人。在寓言中，塔兰特币比喻上帝给予每个人的天资，所以 talent 也就有了“天资”的含义。
同义词：gift；派生词：talented
词块：have / show a talent for, a talent show
24. mirror 名词动词化：反射；反映
25. producer produce (v 生产) + -er
词族：produce, producer, product, production, productive
26. rarely rare (adj 罕见的) + -ly
近义词：seldom；反义词：frequently / often
27. genius gen (birth 出生) + -i + -us (表示性质) → 人与生俱来的品质 → 天才；天赋
词块：have a genius for
28. convinced convince (v 使信服) + -ed
词块：be convinced of
词族：convince, convinced, convincing
29. unfortunate un- + fortunate (adj 幸运的)
同义词 unlucky；反义词 fortunate / lucky
词族：fortune, fortunate, fortunately, unfortunate, unfortunately
30. agent 同源词：agency
31. demand de- (completely 完全) + mand (to order 命令) → 完全命令 →（坚决）要求
词块：satisfy / meet the demand, on demand, in demand, demand that sb (should) do sth
派生词：demanding
32. loosely loose (adj 松的) + -ly；词族：loose, loosely, loosen
33. criticise crit (to judge 批判)+ -ic + -ise (动词后缀) → 评判某人做错事 → 批评 / 指责
词块：criticise sb for (doing) sth
34. log 英语单词 log 指尚未切割的原木，古人在驾驶帆船出海远航时，常常采用在桅杆上刻道的方法来记录日期，这就是最原始的航海日志了。由于桅杆是用原木（log）做的，所以记录在桅杆上的日志就被称为“log” 。
词块：log in / on, log out / off
35. politician politics (n 政治) + -ian (……人)
词族：politics, political, politician
36. bath 英式英语，美式英语是bathe；
词块：have / take a bath
重难点词精讲
reputation
搭配义
attain & obtain
正式用语
辨析义
amuse
词族
log
contrary
搭配义
demand
搭配义
rely
搭配义
英语释义
词源
正式用语与非正式用语
词根词缀
reputation
reputation n [C] & [U] 名声；名誉：
Typical of the Scotch, Burns had a reputation for being funny and charming.
earn / gain / acquire a good reputation as a doctor
“游乐场”用英文如何表达？
an amusement park
【词汇拓展】
amusement
n [U] 欢乐；娱乐 [C]［常用复数］娱乐活动：
an amusement park
with / in amusement
Big cities have many amusements.
amuse
vt 给……提供娱乐 / 消遣 (entertain)；逗……乐：
The children amused themselves by playing hide-and-seek games.
amusing adj 逗乐的；有趣的
amused adj 好玩的；愉快的；开心的：
We were all amused at / by his stories.
Playing with water can keep children amused for hours.
【同族词】
amuse, amusing, amused, amusement
rely
翻译句子
1.万物靠太阳生长。
____________________________________________
2. 与其求人,不如求己。
____________________________________________
All living things depend on / upon the sun for their growth.
It would be better to depend on ourselves than on others.
rely on / upon
rely on
rely vi
rely on / upon
依靠 to depend on sb / sth：
You shouldn’t always rely just on the Internet for your research. 2015 湖南
rely on / upon … to do sth:
These days, we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
信任 to trust or have faith in sb / sth：
rely on / upon … to do sth:
I can rely on David to keep my secret.
【词汇拓展】
reliable adj 可信赖的；可靠的 (dependable)：
a reliable product
Tom is clever while Jack is honest and reliable.
根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。
We’re good friends, but we have _________________ （相反的）views when it comes to education.
opposite
/ contrary
contrary
contrary
n [C]［常与the连用］相反；反面；对立面：
Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the contrary to our intention. 2008 广东
on the contrary 正相反；恰恰相反：
He thought his marketing plan was perfect, but on the contrary, it was not and it failed.
to the contrary 相反的；相反地：
Unless I hear anything to the contrary, I shall assume the meeting will be held on time.
词源解读：contr（against 与……相反）+ -ary（形容词后缀）→ 相反的
contrary
adj 相反的；相对的：
have a contrary opinion
(be) contrary to:
Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
The results were contrary to my expectation.
A和B，哪套穿着更适合正式场合？
A
B
C和D，哪套穿着更适合非正式场合？
C
D
[正式用语]（经过长时间努力）达到 (achieve)；得到；取得：
attain one’s goal
After several years of study and practice he attained fluency in English.
词源解读：at-（= ad-, to 去）+ tain（to touch 触摸）→ 去触摸 → 达到、
得到
attain vt & vi
obtain vt
词源解读：ob-（表示加强）+ tain（to hold 拿住）→ 稳稳拿住 → 获得
[正式用语] 获得；得到 to get sth, especially by making an effort (get)：
At Oxford, he obtained his Master’s degree in electrical engineering.
北师大新选必② – 4
These national parks obtained financial support from tourist companies. 2013 江西改
辨析：attain, obtain
attain是achieve的升级版，常跟表示“目标”“抱负”等相对高大上的词语搭配，主要指通过努力达到重要目标或得到珍贵的东西。
The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.
obtain是get的升级版，多指凭努力或恳求得到、急需或很想得到具体的、实用的东西。
Howard failed to obtain a scholarship.
注：只有obtain good grades才能attain positions of power。
demand
■ vt
（坚决）要求 to ask for sth firmly：
Taylor was able to demand very high pay for her movies.
① demand to do sth:
She demanded to see the manager.
② demand + that ... (should) do sth:
Her teachers demanded that she wear longer skirts.
需要 to need sth in order to be done successfully：
This work demands care and patience.
注意英语释义
虚拟语气：从句谓语动词用should do, should可省略
demand
词源解读：de-（completely 完全）+ mand（to order 命令）→ 完全命令 →（坚决）要求
注：不能说
demand sb to do sth
■ n
[C] 要求 a strong request or order that must be obeyed：
a demand for higher wages
meet / satisfy the demands of the customers (= to give
them what they are asking for)
[C] & [U] 需要；需求 the desire or need for sth / sb
among a group of people：
Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners. 2014 湖南
supply and demand
In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. 2018 浙江
in demand 非常需要的；受欢迎的：
While modeling business is by no means easy to get into,
the good model will always be in demand.
on demand [正式用语] 一经要求
【词汇拓展】
demanding adj
（工作等）要求高的；费力的 needing a lot of effort, skill, care, etc.：
He decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding job recently.
Though the book is short, it is demanding. 2011 四川
（人）要求严格的；苛求的 always wanting
attention or expecting very high standards of people：
a demanding boss
dmand vs require
demand to ask for sth very firmly 指强烈要求、坚决要求
She demanded an immediate explanation.
require (often passive) (rather formal) to make sb do or have sth, especially because it is necessary according to a law or set of rules or standards 指要求做（某事）、达到（某水平），尤指根据法规或规定
All candidates will be required to take a short test.
可以借助英语释义辨析。
log
英语单词 log 指尚未切割的原木，但又常常用来表示“日志”，尤其是航海日志、飞行日志。“原木”和“日志”之间到底有什么关系呢？
词源故事
古人在驾驶帆船出海远航时，常常采用在桅杆上刻道的方法来记录日期，这就是最原始的航海日志了。由于桅杆是用原木（log）做的，所以记录在桅杆上的日志自然也就被称为“log”了。
n [C]
原木；（大） 木料：
logs for the fire
航海 / 飞行日志；（事件的） 正式记录:
The captain keeps a log.
vt
伐木：
The forest has been so heavily logged that it is in danger of disappearing.
把……记入航海 / 飞行日志；记录 (record)：
Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.
人教新选必④ – 3
log in / on 使注册； 使登录：
You need a password to log on.
log out / off 使注销； 使退出
名词动词化
log
Informal Neutral（中性的） Formal
获取信息 / get information ______________ information
实现目标 / achieve / reach one’s goal _______ one’s goal
偶遇老友 see / run into an old friend meet an old friend by chance __________ an old friend
喝酒 / 饮酒 / drink alcohol __________ alcohol
测验学生 / test the students __________ the students
记录事件 / record an event __________ an event
正式用语与非正式用语
obtain / acquire
attain
encounter
consume
examine
log
本单元的词根词缀
说出下列单词的词根词缀的汉语释义。
1. Her teachers demanded that she wear longer skirts.
demand：de-（completely 完全地）+ mand（to order ________）→ 完全地命令 → ________
2. I’m very impressed by the works of many contemporary artists.
contemporary：con-（together 共同）+ temp（time 时代）+ -or（名词后缀）+ -ary（形容词后缀）→同时代的 → ________
3. Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticised.（2011 浙江）
criticise：crit（to judge ________）+ -ic + -ise（动词后缀）→ 评判某人做错事 → ________
命令
（坚决）要求
当代的
评判
批评 / 指责
4. I thought it was a good idea to go hiking but she took the contrary
view.
contrary：contr（against 与……相反）+ -ary（形容词后缀）→ _______
5. Music is often thought of as a universal language.
universal：uni-（one 一）+ vers（to turn ________）+ -al（形容词后缀）→ 转为一体的 → ________
6. He did not appear to remember our encounter last summer and just nodded（点头）when we were introduced.
encounter：en-（= in- 进入） + counter（against 相反）→ 进入面对面的对立状态 → ________
相反的
转
通用的
相遇
本单元金句汇总
1. The children amused themselves by playing hide-and-seek games.
2. You shouldn’t always rely just on the Internet for your research. 2015 湖南
3. The results were contrary to my expectation.
4. Her teachers demanded that she wear longer skirts.
5. You need a password to log on.
随堂检测
将下列句子译成英语。
1. 中国在抗击新冠肺炎方面以其谨慎和流畅的组织获得了良好的声誉。
_______________________________________________________
2. 她全身心地投入到研究中，这为她在自己的领域赢得了良好的声誉。
_______________________________________________________
reputation
China has got a good reputation for fighting against COVID-19 with its careful and smooth organization.
She devoted herself entirely to her research and it earned / gained her a good reputation in her field.
amuse
一、在空白处填入单词amuse的正确形式。
1. His stories kept the whole table ______________.
2. He stopped and watched with ______________ to see the child so absorbed.
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Have you ever been to _____________________（游乐场）
2. I need to _______________（自娱自乐）so I won’t keep thinking about things.
3. ____________________（使我感到好笑的是）he couldn’t get the door open.
an amusement park
amusement
amused
To my amusement
amuse myself
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. As babies, we rely on others for food. ___________
2. You should rely on your own judgment. ___________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. You can rely on me _________ (keep) your secret.
2. I rely on you _________ good advice.
依赖
相信
rely
to keep
for
contrary
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. ________________（正相反）, he had a wonderful time.（2012 江西改）
2. Show me some evidence __________________（相反的）.
3. The government’s actions __________________（与……相悖）the public interest.
4. I thought it was possible but she took the __________________（不同的看法）.
On the contrary
to the contrary
are contrary to
contrary view
用高级词替换下列句子中的画线词。
1. I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.（2014 江西） __________
2. Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.（2015 四川） __________
attain
obtained
attain & obtain
demand
一、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
1. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella _____________（需要时）.（2013 山东）
2. _______________________________________（应观众的强烈要求）, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.（2012 湖北）
3. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are _______________（大受欢迎）in this city.（2012 全国）
4. It is self-evident that we will never have enough resources to ________________（满足需求）.
on demand
In response to the audience’s great demand
in great demand
meet the demand
二、翻译下列句子。
1. 如有任何需要，我很乐意帮忙。（2015 天津书面表达）
___________________________________________________
2. 在中国对理科毕业生的需求大于文科毕业生。（2012 安徽书面表达） ___________________________________________________
3. 这位老师要求学生们准时到校。
___________________________________________________
4. 法律规定必须系安全带。
___________________________________________________
Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.
You are required by law to wear a seat belt.
The teacher demanded that the students (should) be on time to every class.
If there is any demand, I would be very happy to help.
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The family made an official complaint to a ship’s officer, which was recorded in the log. _________
2. The system can log the date and length of calls made by company employees. _________
3. You’ll have to log off and restart the computer. _________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。
When you have ______________（登录）, try accessing the careers advice.
航海日志
退出 / 注销
log
记录
logged in / on
谢
谢
观
赏