选择性必修第二册 Unit5 EducationTOPIC TALK Lesson 1 Enlightening a Mind词汇精讲课堂(共43张PPT)

(共43张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修二 Unit 5 (TOPIC TALK — LESSON 1)
本单元词汇梳理
1. significance 来自significant
构词：sign + fic (to make 做) + -ance (名词词缀)
词族：significant, significance, significantly
2. promote pro- (forward 向前) + mot (to move 移动) + -e
词源义和基本义是“向前移动；向前发展”
熟词生义：晋升；促销
词块：promote / facilitate social and national development
派生词：promotion
3. consistent 来自consist；词块：be consistent with sth
派生词：consistently
4. sympathy sym- (together 共同) + pathy (feeling 感情)→ 和某人有着共同的感情 → 同情
5. analyse analysis — analyse
ana- (完全) + lyse (解开) → (将事物) 完全解开 → 分析
6. philosopher 构词：philosophy — philosopher
7. educator educate (教育) + -or (从事……的人) → 教育工作者
8. insist in- (upon 在……之上) + sist (to stand 站) → 站在自己的立场上 → 坚决要求；坚持认为
同根词：assist
词块：insist on / upon (doing) sth, insist (that) … sb (should) do sth
9. evaluate e- (= ex, out 出来) + value + -ate → 将价值说出来 → 评价
10. enlighten en- + lighten（v 使变明亮）
词族：light, lighten, enlighten
11. exceptionally 词族：except, exception, exceptional, exceptionally
12. severe 一词多义：基本义“严重的” (extremely bad or serious)
13. restriction restrict (v 限制) + -ion (名词后缀)
词块：restrictions on sth
14. unbearable un- (否定前缀) + bear (v 忍受) + -able (形容词后缀)
15. troublesome trouble (n 麻烦) + -some (形容词后缀)
16. tendency tend (v 倾向) + -ency (名词后缀)
词块：have a tendency to do sth
17. superb 近义词：excellent
18. eyesight eye (n 眼睛) + sight (n 视力)
词块：good / poor / bad eyesight
19. relate re- (back 往回) + -lat (to bring 带) + -e → 往回带 → 带回 (词源义、基本义)
词块：relate to
词族：relate, related, relation, relationship, unrelated
20. technique 来自词根techno- (art, skill 技术)；同根词：technology
21. straightforward straight (adj 直的) + forward (adv 向前)
22. initially initial (adj 最初的) + -ly (副词后缀)
23. excitement excite (v 使兴奋) + -ment (名词后缀)
词块：in / with excitement
词族：excite, excited, exciting, excitement
24. imitation imitate (v 模仿) + -ion (名词后缀)
25. stream 隐喻：具体的“小河 / 溪流”→ 液 / 气 / 人 / 车流
名词动词化：流动 → (计算机) 流播
词块：a constant stream of visitors, stream down
26. precious 词源同 price 和 prize
词块：be precious to
27. grasp 一词多义，基本义“抓住”
词块：grasp the opportunity, within / beyond sb’s grasp, have a (good) grasp of
28. gradual gradu- (step 步、级) + -al (形容词词缀) → 一步一步的→
逐渐的；同根词：grade, graduate
派生词：gradually
29. painful pain (n 疼痛) + -ful (形容词后缀)
30. enthusiastic 词块：be enthusiastic about
词族：enthusiasm, enthusiast, enthusiastic, enthusiastically
31. vocabulary 词块：broaden / enlarge / enrich / expand vocabulary
32. expand ex- (out 向外) + pand (to spread 展开) → 使向外展开 → 扩展、扩大
派生词：expansion
plex com- (together 一起) + plex (to weave 编织) → 编织在一起的 → 复杂的
反义词：simple
派生词：complexity
34. gently gentle (adj 温和的) + -ly (副词后缀)
35. puzzle 词块：puzzle over / about, solve a puzzle
派生词：puzzled, puzzling
36. apparent ap- (表示强调) + par (visible 可看见的)+ -ent (形容词后缀) → 强调可看见的 → 明显的
派生词：apparently
37. disappointed disappoint + -ed (分词形容词)
disappoint：dis- (不、非、使相反) + appoint (指定、任命) → 没有指定、任命 → 使失望
词族: disappoint, disappointed, disappointing, disappointment
38. abstract abs- (= ab-, away 离开) + tract (to draw 抽、拉) → 拉出；抽出 → 摘要
词块：an abstract idea / concept
39. breakthrough break (v 打破) + through (adv 完全地)
联系短语动词break through
词块：make a breakthrough
40. necklace 在16世纪时，欧洲贵族和社会上流人士们喜欢在上衣领口上缝上一圈金银线之类的镶边作为装饰。这种镶边在英语中就称为necklace，由neck（颈部）+ lace（蕾丝、细带）构成，字面意思就是“脖颈处的蕾丝”。后来，随着服饰时尚潮流的变迁，人们开始在脖子上挂上各种用珠宝或其他贵重物品制成的项链，并继续使用necklace一词来表示挂在脖子上的链状装饰物。
41. forehead fore (in the front of) + head (头)
42. vivid viv- (to live 生活) + -id (形容词后缀) → 生动的
派生词：vividly
重难点词精讲
insist
promote
severe
一词多义
relate
一词多义
英语释义
搭配义
一词多义
grasp
一词多义
evaluate
英语释义
disappointed
词族
分词形容词
词根词缀
promote
特蕾莎修女（嬷嬷）（Mother Teresa of Calcutta，1910－1997），是世界著名的天主教慈善工作者，因其一生致力于消除贫困，于1979年获得诺贝尔和平奖（the Nobel Peace Prize）。她在接受诺贝尔和平奖时说道：“你能为促进世界和平做些什么呢 回家爱你的家人吧。”
promote vt
促进；推动 to help sth to happen or develop (encourage)：
promote international cooperation
We must promote originality, inspire creativity and
encourage innovation.
Good listening can show respect, promote understanding,
and improve interpersonal relationship. 2008 江苏书面表达改
promote
词源解读：pro-（forward 向前）+ mot（to move 移动）+ -e。词源义是“向前移动、向前发展”。
前缀为pro-的词：progress, protest, proceed
词根mot的同根词：emotional
[常用于被动语态] 晋升：
He has been promoted to general manager.
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. 2014 安徽
促销；推广：
What is the advertisement promoting
【温故】选必一U2
promotion n [C] & [U] 晋升；促销；[U] 促进：
get a promotion
promote语义网络图
使职位
“向前发展”
使某事
“向前发展”
晋升
促进；推动
促销；推广
使产品销售
“向前发展”
向前发展
（基本义）
promote
insist vt & vi
坚持；坚决要求 to demand that sth should happen：
— Why don’t you call them up today
— OK, if you insist.
① insist on / upon (doing) sth:
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 人教新选必① –1
② insist + (that) … (should) do sth:
He insisted (that) the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
词源解读：in-（upon 在……之上）+ sist（to stand 站）→ 站在自己的立场上 → 坚决要求；坚持认为
坚持说；坚持认为 to say firmly that sth is true, especially when others don’t believe you：
① insist on sth:
He insisted on his innocence.
② insist + (that) 从句：
He insisted that he was right.
注：insist表示“坚持”和“坚决要求”时，that 从句中用虚拟语气；而表示“坚持说”和“坚持认为”时则不用。
evaluate
词源解读：
e- (= ex, out 出来) + value + -ate → 将价值说出来 → 评价
evaluate vt 评价；评估 to judge how good, useful, or successful sth is (assess)：
The scientists were evaluating the experiment.
We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
【词汇拓展】
evaluation n [C] & [U] 评价；评估
severe
severe weather
恶劣天气
severe winter
寒冬
severe pain
剧痛
severe
adj
严重的 extremely bad or serious：
severe damage / a severe drought
严厉的；苛刻的：
be severe with oneself
严峻的；激烈的：
a severe winter
severe competition
【词汇拓展】
severely adv 严重地；严厉地：
a severely polluted lake
Anyone breaking the law will be severely punished.
问题、损害、疾病等“严重的”
人对待事情的态度“严重的”
环境或形势等
“严重的”
严重的
严厉的；苛刻的
严峻的；激烈的
severe语义网络图
严重的
severe
基本义
Ao Bing can relate to Ne Zha, because they have similar experiences.
relate
relate v [常与to连用]
vt & vi（使）互有关联 (connect)：
The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.
vt [正式用语] 叙述；讲：
He related how the accident happened.
Luo Guanzhong relates the story of the three kingdoms in this
book.
vi 理解；认同：
I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
词源解读：re- (back 往回) + -lat (to bring 带) + -e → 往回带 → 带回 (词源义、基本义)
relate
带回
基本义
relate
relate 语义网络图
将一事物带回到另一事物
带回到某种情感
带回到某个话题
（使）互有关联
叙述；讲
理解；认同
【温故】选必一U3
related adj 相关的；有关系的：
water-related diseases
(be) related to 与……有关：
The “new four great inventions” are all
related to China’s high-tech innovation.
中国的新四大发明：高铁、扫码支付、共享单车和网购。
同族词：relate, related, relation, relationship, unrelated
In this film, the director relates Ne Zha’s fate (命运) to Ao Bing’s.
(In this film, their fates are closely related.)
Ne Zha and Ao Bing become friends because they can relate to each other.
The film relates how Ne Zha changes his fate in this film.
There are many characters in the film, and I like Ne Zha best. Most people refer to him as a demon, but he says “I’m the master of my own fate! I’m the one who decides, if I’m an immortal or demon!” Another character I am fond of is Ao Bing, who is Ne Zha’s friend. Ao Bing can relate to Ne Zha because they have similar experiences. From this film, I think people should treat each other without prejudice (成见) and if others misunderstand you, be yourself, and do the right thing.
同理心 empathy
勇敢的心 a brave heart
■ vt
抓住；紧握 to take a firm hold of sb / sth：
Grasp all, lose all.
He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.
We should grasp the opportunities of the nation’s new round of opening-up.
理解；领会 to understand sth completely：
grasp sb’s meaning
At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance
of what had happened.
表示理解语言、词汇或文章等时只能用understand，不能用 grasp。如：
I don’t understand French / the instructions.
grasp
注
■ n［常用单数］
紧抓；紧握；控制：
have a firm grasp on
（对知识等的）理解；领会 (understanding)：
difficulties within / beyond sb’s grasp
I’ve always had a good grasp of English language thanks to my mum who started me reading when I was very little. 2012 湖北
grasp
抓住
（基本义）
紧紧“抓住”人 / 物
“抓住” 事物或意思
抓住；紧握
grasp语义网络图
v
n
紧抓；紧握；控制
理解；领会
理解；领会
disappoint vt 使失望：
disappoint sb’s expectations
I’m sorry to disappoint you, but I can’t come after all.
disappointed
disappointed是disappoint的过去分词形容词。
disappoint：dis-（不、非、使相反）+ appoint（指定、任命）→ 没有指定、任命 → 使失望
disappointed adj 失望的；沮丧的：
One by one, the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed looks on their faces. 2013 山东
She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.
I’m disappointed in you — I really thought I could trust you!
We were deeply / terribly disappointed to find the museum was closed.
My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn’t last a tiny bit longer. 2009 湖北
disappointing adj 令人失望的；令人扫兴的：
a disappointing exam result
分词形容词
表示人的感受
表示人 / 物给人带来的感受
【温故】必修一U2
disappointment n
[U] 失望；沮丧：
She couldn’t hide her disappointment when he didn’t turn up.
I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. 2018 天津
[C] 令人失望的人；令人扫兴的事情：
The performance was a big disappointment to us.
词族：disappoint, disappointed, disappointing, disappointment
抽象名词具体化
类似“to one’s + 情感类抽象名词”的结构有：to one’s surprise / relief 等
本单元的词根词缀
说出下列单词的词根词缀的汉语释义。
1. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities（社区）.（2019 北京）
promote：pro-（forward __________）+ mot（to move 移动）+ -e → 使向前移动 → __________
2. The Internet joins in our daily events, extending our intelligence, and expanding the range of social activities.（2016 江苏改）
expand：ex-（out 向外）+ pand（to spread __________）→ 使向外展开
→ __________
3. This magazine makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children.（2017 北京改）
complex：com-（together 一起）+ plex（to weave 编织）→ __________
在一起的 → __________
向前
促进
展开
扩大
复杂的
编织
4. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.（2014 重庆）
sympathy：sym-（together 共同）+ pathy（feeling __________）→ 和某人有着共同的感情 → __________
5. The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.（2012 浙江改）
gradual：gradu-（step __________）+ -al（形容词后缀）→ 一步一步的 → __________
感情
同情
步 / 级
逐渐的
本单元金句汇总
1. Good listening can show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship. 2008 江苏书面表达改
2. He insisted (that) the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
3. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
4. The “new four great inventions” are all related to China’s high-tech innovation.
5. Grasp all, lose all.
6. I’ve always had a good grasp of English language thanks to my mum who
started me reading when I was very little. 2012 湖北
7. It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn’t sing.
8. We were deeply / terribly disappointed to find the museum was closed.
随堂检测
promote
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.（2019 北京） ______________
2. While waiting for the chance to get promoted, Henry did his best to do his duty.（2014 安徽改） ______________
3. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed “town criers”（街头公告员）to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.（2011 全国）___________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She worked hard and was soon ___________ (promote).
2. The new job is ___________ promotion for him.
3. Her promotion ___________ Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.
促进
晋升
推销
promoted
a
to
insist
将下列句子译成英语。
1. 我坚决要求立即答复。
____________________________________________
2. 老师坚持要每个学生都来参加聚会。
__________________________________________________
3. 他坚持认为自己是对的。
__________________________________________________
I insist on an immediate answer.
The teacher insisted (that) every student (should) come to the party.
He insisted that he was right.
evaluate
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I can’t evaluate his ability without seeing his work. ___________
2. The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard to evaluate its success. ___________
3. Don’t always demand others and not evaluate yourself. ___________
4. We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system. ___________
评估
估计
评价自己 / 自我检讨
评价
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
severe
1. The US faces severe economic problems. ________
2. She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. ________
3. The negotiations（谈判）will be a severe test of abilities.
________
严重的
严厉的
严峻的
relate
一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students. （2011 北京） ___________
2. He later related the whole story to me. ___________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The chapter relates _______________ the effects of the Internet on teenagers.
2. Wealth is seldom _______________ (relate) to happiness.
3. The ______________________ (relate) between them is that of teacher and pupil.
三、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
Traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations ________________（与……密切相关）public order. (related)（2015 江苏改）
to
叙述 / 讲述
理解
related
relation / relationship
closely related to
一、根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. No one grasped the concepts. Except for Joe.（2013 重庆完形）
_________
2. She grasped the rope and pulled herself up. _________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. She has __________________（对……很好的理解）the subject.
2. We must _______________________（抓住每次机会）if we are going to succeed.
grasp
理解；领会
抓住
a good grasp of
grasp every opportunity
一、在空白处填入disappoint的正确形式。
1. The next day, we got a _______________ message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.（2015 天津）
2. Our facial expressions convey（表达）our emotions, such as anger, joy, or _______________.（2010 江西）
3. She was very _______________ when she found that all the windows were plain and rather dirty.（2013 辽宁）
二、根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but ____________________（令我失望的是）we were defeated. （2018 天津）
2. The people felt lonely and _________________________（对……失望）their new life in the city.（2013 安徽）
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
disappointed
to my disappointment
(were) disappointed with
谢
谢
观
赏