北师大版（2019）选择性必修第二册 学案Unit 5 Education Lesson 1 Enlightening a Mind单元考点突破（含答案）

名师原创：Unit5 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. provide. vt. 赡养，提供
【原句再现】
For example, it provides opportunities for us to acquire knowledge and skill to solve real-world problems. (教材P28)
【词块积累】
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for/to sb. 为某人提供……
provided/providing(that 从句) 假如；如果
provide for 抚养，供养
【精品例句】
Community schools provide good quality education for children.
社区学校为孩子们提供 质量的教育
My goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活
She needs her new, busy work to provide for her family.
她的新工作很繁忙，但她需要它来养家糊口
I will play tennis provided that we've finished by 5 pm.
要是我们5点结束，我就去打网球
The Red Cross provides food and shelter for disaster victims.
红十字会给灾民们提供食物和住处
比较：offer侧重表示主动而且“愿意给予”，常用offer sb. Sth.或 offer to do sth结构
" She offered a reward for the return of her lost mobile phone.
她为寻回遗失的手机提出以酬金答谢 He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出替我去
supply通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supply sb with sth或supply sth. to sb. 结构
Trees can supply/ provide shade in summer.
夏天，树能提供阴凉
The butcher supplies us with meat.
这个卖肉的供应我们肉
【高考链接】
This is a group that specializes in providing houses and services ______ needy people.(四川课改卷) (to/for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The project is designed to provide young people ______ work. (with)
2. adapt vt&vi. 使适应，使适合；改编，改写
【原句再现】
When teaching, the subject matter should be adapted to learners’ interests. (教材P28)
【词块积累】
adaptation n. 适应；改编，改编的作品
adapt sth. from sth.根据……改编……
be adapted from ….由…改编而来
adapt to…适合，适应
adapt oneself to sth./doing sth.…. 使自己适应
adapt...to... 使……适应……
adapt...for/into... 将……改编为……
adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的
【精品例句】
I had difficulty adapting myself to life in the city.
我难以适应城市生活
All animals have to adapt to their environment.
所有动物必须适应环境
This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
这部新电影是根据简.奥斯汀的一部小说改编的
Three of the novels have been adapted for television.
他有三部小说已被改编成了电视剧
【高考链接】
The good thing about children is that they____ very easily to new environment.（浙江卷）
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He can’t adapt himself to ______ (do) this kind of work. (doing)
3. recommend vt. 推荐; 介绍; 建议
【原句再现】
Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them, a woman named Anne Sullivan. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
recommendation n.推荐;介绍
follow sb's recommendations听从某人的劝告
a letter of recommendation推荐信
recommend sb/sth to sb. 把某人某物推荐给某人
recommend (that)主语+(should) do sth= advise (that) 主语+(should) do sth.
= suggest(建议) (that) 主语+should do sth.
recommend sb. to do sth.= advise sb. to do sth.
recommend (sb) doing sth. = advise (sb) doing sth. 建议某事/某人…
【精品例句】
I don't know what to read. Can you recommend anything
我不知道该读些什么，你能推荐点什么吗 (上海卷)
This hotel is highly recommended.
强烈推荐这家酒店。
She was recommended for the post by a colleague
一位同事推荐她担任这个职位
It is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked e very year.
强烈建议将这些机器每年检查一次
The doctor recommended me to take a long rest.
医生劝我长期休养
I recommend (you) meeting him first.
我建议(你) 先见见他，
【高考链接】
Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam _______ at the age of six months old. (浙江卷)
A. was B. be C. were D. is ( B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I recommend this book _____ anyone with an interest in art. ( to)
We all strongly recommended that the meeting ___ (hold) at once. 【(should) be held 】
My teacher suggested ___ (go) to school. (going)
4. realize/realise vt. 实现；使…成为现实；认识到，意识到
【原句再现】
As Anne wrote on Helen’s hand, Helen suddenly realized that the movement of the fingers meant the cool liquid flowing over her hand. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
realize one’s dreams/hopes/ambitions 实现某人的梦想/希望/抱负
realise + that/wh- 从句，认识到；意识到
realization/realisation 实现
real adj. 真的，真实的，天然的
really adv. 真实地，确实；当真
realism n. 现实主义；务实作风；逼真
realist n. 现实主义者；现实主义画家
realistic adj. 现实的； 逼真的
reality n. 现实
in reality 实际上，事实上
in real life 在现实生活中
not really 不是
【精品例句】
This is not imagination, but reality.
这不是想象，而是事实
Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.
她表面上似乎自信，其实她感到极其紧张
Her wish to become a movie star was finally realized.
她当明星的愿望终于实现了
Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
知道离开父母去意大利时，我才明白自己有多爱他们
I have realized it is your personality that decides who you truly are.
我意识到，正是你的个性决定了真正的你
I never realized how hard it is to run on sand.
我从没有意识到在沙滩上跑有多困难
【高考链接】
1. -- You know，I met my girlfriend’s parents for the first time only yesterday. (陕西卷)
-- _____ I thought you’d met them before.
A. So what B. Pardon C. Really D. What for (C)
2. -- This apple pie is so sweet, don’t you think so (山东卷)
-- ____. I think it’s just right, actually.
A. Not really B. I hope so C. Sounds good D. No wonder (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
When I got on the bus, I _____ (realize) I had left my wallet at home.（山东课改卷）
5. expand 扩张；扩展，扩大
【原句再现】
As Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more question. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
expand knowledge of foreign countries 扩大对外国的了解
expand domestic demand 扩大内需
expand vt.& vi. 扩大；增加；vt. 扩展；发展 (业务)
expand ...into... 把……扩展/发展成……
expand into... 发展成/扩大成……
expand on sth. 细说(阐述)……
expansion n. 扩张；扩展，扩大
【精品例句】
When you heat a metal, it expands.
金属遇热膨胀。
The information industries are rapidly expanding in China.
中国的信息产业正迅速发展。
The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine.
许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。
The business has expanded greatly over the last year.
过去的一年里，这家公司极大地增加了业务量。
【高考链接】
His studio ________ (expand) into a big company. (湖北卷) (was expanded)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Could you expand ________ this point, please (on)
6. obvious adj. 明显的，显而易见的
【原句再现】
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. (教材P36)
【词块积累】
obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地
make an obvious mistake 犯明显的错误
It is obvious that… 显然….
【精品例句】
His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing up.
他站着睡着了，显然是精疲力竭
It is obvious to everybody that they are wrong.
任何人都清楚， 他们显然是错了
Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals.
显然，说话的能力把人类和动物区分开来
【高考链接】
Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and ___ (obvious), fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time. (陕西卷) (obviously)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The medicine has no _______ (obviously) effect. (obvious)
It was obvious ______ the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
(that)
7. solve vt. 解决问题；解答难题
【原句再现】
Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis – luckily for us. (教材P36)
【词块积累】
solution n. 解决办法；答案；解答
a/ the solution to...……的解决办法/答案
【精品例句】
Here is the perfect solution to all your problems.
这是解决你所有问题的最佳方法
I’m trying to solve this problem, but I can’t find the right solution.
我正试图解决这个问题，但是找不到正确方法
Attempts to find a solution have failed.
找到方法的尝试最终失败了
The solution to last week’s quiz is on page 81.
上周测试题的答案在81页
【高考链接】
The school advisors help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct ____. (浙江卷)
A. solution B. target C. measure D. function (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
After running through the numbers in every possible combination, we finally find the solution_____ them. (to)
8. prove vt. 证明; 证实；(用作系动词) 证明是; 被发现是
【原句再现】
Galilei (1564-1642), who proved the idea that “ the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, was often punished by the church with no one coming to their defense. (教材P36)
【词块积累】
prove sth to sb.向某人证明某事, 此时不能说prove sb. sth.
prove sb /sth (to be) +adj/n 证明某人/某物是…
prove + that/wh-从句…..证明….
it is proved that…据证实/证明…; 经证实…..
prove oneself (to sb) （向某人）证明自己
【精品例句】
Just give me a chance and I’ll prove it to you.
给我一个机会，我会证明给你看
They put me in prison, but, in the end, I was proved innocent.
他们把 我关进监狱，但我最终被证明是清白的
These statistics prove that gathering information is the primary use for the Internet.
这些统计数据证明 网络的主要用途是收集信息
The challenge proved how difficult it is to drive across a desert without guidance.
这个挑战证明在没有引导的情况下开车穿越沙漠是多么的困难
When I first started this job, I felt I had to prove myself.
我刚开始干这份工作的时候，觉得必须证明一下自己的实力
He proved (to be) an honest friend.
事实表明他是一个诚实的朋友
【高考链接】
It _____ (prove) that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (陕西卷) (has been proved)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
事实证明了这本书非常成功
(The book has proved (to be) very successful.)
他证明了自己的驾驶技术胜过世界冠军
(He proved himself (to be) a better driver than the world champion.)
9. tend vt & vi照料; 护理; 倾向; 趋向
【原句再现】
The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. (教材P36)
【词块积累】
tendency n. 趋势; 倾向
tend to/toward(s) sth. 倾向于; 有…的趋势
tend to do sth. 易于做某事;往往会做某事
tend (to) the sick 护理病人
display artistic tendencies 显示出对艺术的偏好
criminal tendencies 有犯罪倾向
【精品例句】
The sort of music I listen to varies, but it tends toward light music.
我所听的音乐形形色色，不过 一般都是轻音乐
I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.
在读或听的时候，我往往会在头脑中形成图像
I would like to tend the store for you while you're away.
你不在时我愿意替你照看店铺。
a tendency towards/to regional cooperation
地区性合作的趋势
He has a tendency to forget things.
他好忘事。
【高考链接】
The Swiss tend ____ (be) formal and address each other by last name. (浙江卷) (to be)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There is a tendency _____ regional cooperation. (towards/to)
10. approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
【原句再现】
At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
approve of…. 赞成….；同意…
approve of sb./sb.'s (doing) sth. 同意某人(做)某事
approving adj. 赞成的，同意的
approval n. 赞成，同意；批准，认可
in approval 同意(常作状语)
give one's approval to….批准….
win one's approval 得到某人的赞同
【精品例句】
She doesn't approve of me leaving school this year.
她不同意我今年离校。
The Russian Parliament has approved a program of radical economic reforms.
俄罗斯议会已经通过一项重大经济改革方案。
Her father will never approve of her marrying such a lazy fellow.
她父亲绝不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。
I very much approve of these new tests.
我非常赞成这些新的测试。
The minister approved the building plan.
部长批准了该建筑计划。
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.
他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。
【高考链接】
I approve of your _______ (try) to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
(江苏卷) (trying)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She doesn't approve _______ our decision. (of)
Hope the arrangements meet with your _______ (approve). (approval)
11. abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
【原句再现】
They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
abandoned adj.　被离弃的；被遗弃的；废弃的
abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 纵情/沉溺于(做)某事
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
with abandon 放任地；放纵地；纵情地
an abandoned farm 废弃的农场
【精品例句】
Rescuers had abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors.
营救人员对找到更多生还者已不抱任何希望。
Because of the fog, they abandoned their idea of driving.
因为有雾，他们打消了开车去的念头。
How could she abandon her own child
她怎能抛弃自己的孩子呢？
When you hit an iceberg, abandon the ship immediately.
当你撞上冰山时，应该弃船而逃。
Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned the city.
由于害怕遭受更多的袭击，大多数市民逃离了这座城市。
The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces.
他们不得不舍弃土地，让侵略军占领。
【高考链接】
They are considering abandoning ________ (smoke) soon. (smoking) (青海卷) (finding)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Rescuers _________ (abandon) all the hope of finding any more survivors since last week. (have abandoned)
At the sad news，he abandoned _____ (he) to despair. (himself)
12. circumstance n.(常用复数) 情况; 情形; (复数, 正式用语) 境况; 状况(尤指经济状况)
【原句再现】
Sometimes we need to be flexible and adapt to changing circumstances. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
The whole circumstances 全部情况= all the circumstances
financial social circumstances 经济/社会状况
in/under …. circumstances在….情况下
in/ under no circumstances决不; 无论如何不
温馨提示：in / under no circumstances置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序
【精品例句】
Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.
我们身陷绝境，都不知道自己能不能活着回去
Under the circumstances, it seems better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
It's an experimental model, so don't touch it under any circumstances.
这是一个实验模型，因此在任何情况下都不要碰它。
【高考链接】
Under no circumstances ________ should you lend Paul any money. (江西课改卷)
A. you should learn B. learn you should C. learn should you D. should you learn (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
_____ the circumstances, I won’t come. (In/Under)
We can’t judge what he did till we know all the _____ (circumstance) (circumstances)
13. fail vt&vi 不能；未能；失败；没通过（考试）；不及格；评定（某人）不及格；出故障；失灵；（常用进行时， 指健康、体力、视力等）衰退；减弱；消失；使失望；使无能为力
【原句再现】
If they failed at all, their punishment was up to 50 strokes of the cane! (教材P43)
【词块积累】
fail to do sth. 未能/不能做某事；做某事失败
fail in sth. …不及格
failure 失败；失败的人/事；故障；失灵
the power failure 停电
the engine failure 发动机出故障
【精品例句】
We tried but failed.
我们尝试过，可是失败了
It is very important to find out why you failed to achieve your goal.
找到没实现目标的原因很重要
I passed in history but failed (in) chemistry.
我通过了历史考试，但化学不及格
Her work was so bad that the teacher had no choice but to fail her.
她考得太差，老师只能给她不及格
He saw a terrible accident in which a tram’s brakes failed.
他看见一起可怕的事故，一辆有轨电车的制动装置失灵了
His eyesight is failing.
他的视力日渐衰退
When we needed his help, he failed us.
我们需要他帮助的时候， 他却让我们失望了
Failure is the mother of success. 失
败是成功之母
In fact, he thought of himself as a failure.
事实上，他认为自己是个失败者
【高考链接】
William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to ______. (全国卷)
A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage (C)
Words ______ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house. (湖南卷)
A. failed B. left C. discouraged D. disappointed (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I never fail _______ (phone) my parents on their birthday. (to phone)
14. case n. 例子; 案例; 病例; 案件; 情况; 箱子; 盒子
【原句再现】
But in most cases, one thing hasn’t changed…..there’s still a teacher. （教材P43）
【词块积累】
a theft / murder case 盗窃/谋杀案
win/lose a case 胜诉/败诉
in any case 在任何情况下; 不管怎样
in... case(s) 在情况下
in this case 在这种情况下
in that case既然如此; 那样的话
in sb's case 就某人的情况来说
a pencil case / a packing case铅笔盒/包装箱
(just) in case (可引导 状语从句) 假使; 免得; 以防(万一):
in case of… 在…情形时; 万一
in no case在任何情况下都不; 决不
温馨提示：in no case用于句首时,句子常用部分倒装语序
【精品例句】
It was a classic case of bad management. 这是一个典型的管理不善的案例
There are thousands of new cases of AIDS in Africa every year.
非洲每年都会出现许多艾滋病的新病例
I am ready to help in any case. 在任何情况下我都乐意帮忙
In no case should you leave your post. 在任何情况下你都不应离开岗位
You may think of giving up study. In this case, just think it over before making the decision.你可能会想要放弃学习。在这种情况下，你要认真思考一下再作决定
In that case he agreed to meet her. 在那样情况下，他同意和她见面
In her case, she failed the exam because she wasn’t well.
就她的情况来看，她是因为生病而考试不及格
As is often the case, solving one problem can cause or uncover another.
事实往往是这样，解决一个问题会导致或暴露另一个问题
I guess we've already talked about this but I'll ask you again just in case.
我记得我们已经讨论过这个了，但是我再问问你，以防万一
Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow in case I forget.
请明天再提醒我一次开会事宜，免得我忘了
In case of emergency, please call the Help Desk at 926-3736.
如遇紧急情况，请拨打救助台的电话 926-3736.
Please inform me in advance in case of any change. 如有什么变化，请提前通知我
【高考链接】
1. I’ll be out for some time. ______ case anything important happens, call me up immediately. (四川课改卷) (In)
2. He may win the competition, _____ he is likely to get into the national team. (辽宁卷)
A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case (A)
3. -- I love the Internet. I've come to know many friends on the Net.
-- _______. Few of them would become your real friends. (安徽卷) (B)
A. That's for sure B. It's not the case
C. I couldn't agree more D. I'm pleased to know that
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
4. ______ fire, all exits must be kept clear.
A. In place of B. Instead of C. In case of D. In spite of (C)
5. -- I’m afraid Mr. Wood can't see you until 4 o'clock,
-- Oh. ______ I won't wait.
A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way (C)
●本单元重要词组
15. pass on 传授，传给
Well, I think it means that education is not simply about passing on knowledge and skills necessary for a future life, but to provide a rich experience of living while learning to use that knowledge and those skills to solve real-world problems. (教材P28)
As a traditional art form, the skill of paper-cutting has been passed on from generation to generation.
16. in a flash 瞬间
In a flash I knew that the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head. (教材P32)
Wait here and I’ll be back in a flash.
17. give insight into… 使顿悟，猛醒
It gives us insights into how people think and the attitude we need in order to understand people of different cultures. (教材P34)
This book gives us some insight into the history of the Second World War.
18. regardless of…. 不管，不顾
It helps you to understand what is wrong and what is right, explore the truth and develop cognition, regardless of whether it’s easy or that others’ opinions are. (教材P35)
They were determined to carry on the experiment regardless of difficulties.
19. to start with 首先，第一
To start with, we need questions. (教材P36)
To start with, you need to read some reference books.
20. be preoccupied with…. 一门心思在…..上
It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules, because they can make us blind to what is in front of us. (教材P36)
He was too preoccupied with his own thoughts to notice anything wrong.
●句型点拨
1. 现在分词(短语)作状语
【原句再现】
Running downstairs to my mother, I held up my hand and made the letters for “doll”. (教材P30)
句式分析：句中running downstairs to my mother为现在分词短语作状语。
【能力拓展】
现在分词在句中可作时间、原因、伴随、结果状语，还可以作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语同时发生，且与句子的主语是主动关系。请观察以下句子
1. Being a teacher, you should help your students in every way. (原因)
2. He died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done (so that he left the experiment half-done). (结果)
3. Seeing my parents waving in the crowd, I went running to them. (时间)
4. The students entered the classroom, following their English teacher. (伴随)
5. Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day), you’ll learn it well step by step. (条件)
【精品例句】
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
因为生病，他没去上学
Working hard, you will succeed.
如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。
Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.
他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。
【高考链接】
The poor old man died, ____________ (leave) nothing to his children. （山东卷） (leaving)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She lay in bed _______ (stare) at the last leaf on the tree. (staring)
_______ (see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood. (Seeing)
2. now that 引导原因状语从句
【原句再现】
Now that Helen grasped the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. (教材P31)
句式分析：句中now that意为“既然”，在意思和用法上同since，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。
【能力拓展】
※ 引导原因状语从句的连词还有because，since，as，in that，considering (that)，seeing (that)等。
※ for为并列连词，引导并列分句，表示补充说明原因，不能置于句首，其前通常用逗号隔开。
其它原因状语从句引导词：
※ because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强。回答以why引导的特殊疑问句，只能用because。意为“因为”
※ since表示对方已经知道，无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。意为“既然”
※ as往往表示十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。as引导的句子一般放在句首。意为“由于”
【精品例句】
Now (that)you are grown up，you must stop this childish behavior.
既然已经长大，你必须停止这种幼稚的行为
Now that everyone is here，let's start to work.
既然所有人都到了，让我们开始工作吧
Now that everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.
既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧
【高考链接】
______ that the problem has been solved，let's go to the next. (湖北卷) (Now)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
______ that you have decided to do it，you should do it well. (Now)
●一般过去时（详见语法课件）
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