选择性必修第一册 学案Unit3 Conservation单元考点突破（有答案）

名师原创：Unit3 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. occur v．发生，出现；想起
【原句再现】
And the fifth event, which occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. (教材P52)
【词块积累】
occurrence n. 发生的事儿；发生；出现
everyday occurrences 日常发生的事儿
sth. occurs to sb.　某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……;被想起
It occurs to sb. that...某人想到……
It occurs to sb. to do sth...某人想到……
【精品例句】
It occurred to her to phone the police.
她想到了报警
It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
他突然想到第二天早上要出席一个重要会议
Almost all of tornadoes occur in the US，in the area from Texas to South Dakota.
几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国德克萨斯州到南达科塔州一带地区
The serious traffic accident occurred yesterday morning and three people were confirmed to be dead.
那场严重的交通事故发生在昨天上午，三人被确认死亡
We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance.
我们都应该记住一些伟大的科学发现都是偶然发生的
【高考链接】
It never occurred to him ________ (ask) anyone for helping him with English. (江西卷) (to ask)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A perfect idea occurred _____ us that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for Teachers' Day. (to)
2. cause vt. 引起；导致；n. 原因，起因；理由，缘由；事业，理想，目标
【原句再现】
And the fifth event, which occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. (教材P52)
【词块积累】
cause and effect 因果
with/without good cause 有充分理由；毫无理由
cause sb/sth. to do sth. 使/引起某人或某物做…..
cause sb. sth. = cause sth. for sb. 给某人带来；使某人…..
辨析：cause, reason
二者作名词时，都有“原因”之意
cause 侧重指导致某事发生的起因，常用 cause of…结构
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for American women in their forties.
乳腺癌是导致四十多岁的美国女性死亡的主要原因
reason 多指做某事的理由或借口，常用 reason for….; reason why 等结构
She gave on reasons for her decision.
她没有解释自己为什么做出这个决定
We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job.
我们想知道她为什么拒绝这份工作
【精品例句】
Cars are one of the leading causes of air pollution in the world today.
汽车是当今世界空气污染的主要原因之一
Money is thought to be the root cause of all evils.
金钱被认为是万恶之源
The patient’s condition is giving cause for concern.
病人的状况令人担忧
The Nobel Prize s would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace.
诺贝尔奖将颁发给为和平、文学和科学事业做出巨大贡献的人
The club is raising a fund in support of this good cause.
该俱乐部正为赞助这项有益的事业而集资
Unpunctual people seldom realize that their habit causes problems to others.
不守时的人很少会意识到他们的习惯给别人带来不便
Everyone believes that global warming is caused by the activities of humans.
人们普遍认为全球变暖是有人类活动引起的
What caused you to change your mind
是什么让你改变了主意？
His wound caused him great suffering.
他的伤让他深受痛苦
【高考链接】
The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _____ of global climate change. (福建卷)
result B. cause C. warming D. reflection (B)
According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily ________ and effect. (湖南卷)
reason B. impact C. fact D. cause (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The heavy rain caused the river ________ (rise). (to rise)
The bad weather is causing problems ______ many farmers. (for)
3. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
【原句再现】
According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. (教材P52)
【词块积累】
on the decrease 在减少中
a decrease in... 在……方面减少
decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……减少到……
温馨提示：decrease的反义词increase的用法
increase to…增加(长)到……
increase by….. 增加(长)了……
on the increase 在增加
【精品例句】
The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.
销售量差不多减少了20%。
His interest in this subject gradually decreases.
他对这个科目的兴趣逐渐在减退。
There has been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced.
自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。
【高考链接】
Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is _________ the decrease.
（陕西卷）(on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There is a decrease of nearly 7% ______ the number of visitors to the museum. (in)
The accidents have decreased _______ 20% since the measure has been taken. (by)
4. die out 灭绝；逐渐消失；逐渐熄灭
【原句再现】
Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is caused for concern. (教材P52)
【词块积累】
die away　逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失
die down 逐渐降低，逐渐平息
die off 相继死去
die of 死于(内因)
die from 死于(外因)
die for 为……而死
【精品例句】
With society developing，many old customs are dying out.
随着社会的发展，许多古老的风俗在逐渐消失
With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many of the earth's species are dying out.
随着生存环境变得越来越糟，地球上的很多物种正在消失
Once the fire has died out，the rescue team will move in immediately.
一旦大火熄灭，救援队就会马上进入
【高考链接】
Because of the snowstorm，the sheep that the old man raised died ______ one by one. (湖北卷) (off)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
His footsteps died _____ in the darkness. (away)
The excitement died _____ as time went by. (down)
It used to be considered part of a young man's duty to die _____ his country. (for)
5. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖；指望；由…决定; 取决于..:
【原句再现】
Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. (教材P53)
【词块积累】
dependent (=reliable) adj. 依靠的，依赖的；由…决定的，反义词是independent.
dependence n. 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖
depend on/upon sb. doing sth. = depend on/upon sb. to do sth.指望某人做某事
It/That (all) depends. 那的看情况/看情况而定
depend on/upon it 毫无疑问
【精品例句】
We depend on/upon energy to do many things in our daily lives.
在日常生活中，我们做很多事都离不开能源
We depend on/upon him finishing the job this weekend.
我们指望他这个周末能完成工作。
Depend on/upon it, we shall solve the problem at last
请相信，我们最终会解决这个问题。
You can depend on/upon Jane -- she always keeps her promises.
你可以信赖简，她总是信守诺言
The future of space research depends on how much money we have.
太空研究的未来取决于我们的经济实力
Success is dependent on your efforts and ability.
成功取决于你的努力和能力
【高考链接】
-- What are you going to do this weekend
--. __________. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends. (福建卷)
A. Don't mention it B. It doesn't matter C. Forget it D. It depends ( D )
The journey takes about two hours, ________on traffic. (上海卷) (depending)
If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend _____ ourselves.
(上海卷) (on/upon)
Don't always depend _____ others. You should learn to rely on yourself. (陕西卷) (on/upon)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He is his mother's _____________ (depend). (dependence)
I'll never be ___________ (depend) on anyone again. (dependent)
--How long are you staying
--I don’t know. It all _________ (dependence). (depends)
6. at risk处在危险中
【原句再现】
Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. (教材P53)
【词块积累】
risk doing...　冒险做……
risk one's health/life 以健康做赌注/冒着生命危险
at the risk of(doing)... 可能导致(不快等)，冒(做)……的危险
at all risks 无论如何
run/take a risk/risks 冒险
run/take the risk of(doing)...冒(做)……的危险
【精品例句】
The crisis could well place the relationship at risk.
这场危机可能会使这一关系有破裂的危险。
If they have the virus they are putting patients at risk.
如果他们有这种病毒，就会将病人置于危险境地。
When a new flu infects one human being, all are at risk.
当一种新型流感感染了一个人，那么所有人都有危险。
【高考链接】
He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk _______ (lose) such a good chance. (湖南卷) (losing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Which team is more willing to take ______ (risk) (risks)
He was determined to do it even at the risk of ________ (laugh) at. (being laughed)
7. action 行动，行为；作用，影响
【原句再现】
Experts say that it is not yet too late, if we take action now. (教材P53)
【词块积累】
act vi. 行动; 做事；举止，表现；vt & vi. 假装；演(戏)；扮演(角色); n. 行动，行为；法令，条例；(戏剧的)一幕；表演者；一段表演
by the action of the weather 受天气影响
in action 在活动中；在运转
out of action 失去作用；停止运转
put ….. in action 使….行动起来；使….开始工作/起作用
take action (to do sth. ) 采取行动/措施 （做某事）
act as… 充当；担任；
act on… 按照….行事; 对….起作用/有影响
act out 把….表演出来；将….付诸行动
act out a story/dialogue 把故事/对话表演出来
act out a theory 把理论付诸实践
an act of kindness 善举
the Civil Rights Act 民权法案
actor男演员;行动者
actress女演员
【精品例句】
Think wice before you act.
三思而后行
I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nching had h appened.
那一刻我感到非常疼痛，但我尽力表现得好像什么也没发生过似的
Don’t act the fool! 别装傻!
Who‘s acting (the part of Hamlet
谁来扮演哈姆雷特
Alcohol acts quickly on the brain.
酒精对大脑迅速 产生影响。
Don't worry. Peter can show you how to turn an idea into an act.
别担心，彼得会告诉你如何将想法变成行动(辽宁卷)
some of the greatest acts in music history, such as Elvis Peley and he Rolling Stones.
音乐史上的一些最伟大表演者，如猫王和滚石乐队
Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
只有我们言行一致的时候，才能把我们想做的任何事做得不同凡响(江苏卷)
We must take action to fight pollution.
我们必须取行动防治污染
【高考链接】
We went to Canada to travel and my cousin as our guide.
played B. showed C. acted D. performed (C)
【考点训练】
A trained dog can act _______ a guide to a blind person. (as)
Why didn't you act _______ her suggestion (on)
8. compare to 与……相比，和……比起来
【原句再现】
But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially. (教材P58)
【词块积累】
comparison n. 比较；比拟
compare A with/to B.　把A同B作比较
compare A to B. 把A比作B
compare A and B 对比A和B
beyond/without compare. 无与伦比的，不可比的
compare notes with sb. 与某人交换意见
make a comparison between sb./sth. 对某人/某物进行比较
【精品例句】
We often made decisions by comparing information.
我们经常通过对比信息来做决定
Compare this to that, and you’ll see which is better.
把这个和那个对比，你能看出哪个更好
By/In comparison with last year, the price of beef has increased.
与去年相比，牛肉的价格上涨了
She is tall，compared to most of her classmates.
与她大多数同学相比，她算很高了。
Film has a much shorter history，especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting.
电影的历史相对较短，尤其是和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比。
Compared to cars，bicycles cause no environmental problems.
与汽车相比，自行车不会造成环境问题。
【高考链接】
Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting. (全国课改卷) (compared)
Worst of all, I get a larger quantity of home work, ________ (compare). (福建卷) (compared)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Nothing can compare _____ mother’s love. (with)
9. relate vt&vi. (使) 互有关系；叙述，讲；理解，认同
【原句再现】
Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution. (教材P59)
【词块积累】
relation n. 关系，联系
related adj. 相关的，有关的
relative n. 亲戚，亲属； adj. 相对的，比较的
relationship n. 关系，联系
a distant relation 远亲
the relationship between teachers and students 师生关系
in close relationship with 与… 有密切关系
have a direct relationship with ….与…. 直接关系
a question relative to my plan 与我的计划有关的问题
in relation to 与…. 相比，关于
be related to 与….有关
【精品例句】
The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.
这篇报告试图证明犯罪的增加与失业人数的增加有关
He related how the accident happened.
他叙述了事故发生的经过
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time.
疲劳和司机的反应时间密切相关
The relationship between them is that of teacher and pupil.
他们是师生关系
He has established good relationship with his neighbors.
他和邻居建立了良好的关系
I have a lot to say in relation to this affair.
关于这件事我有很多话要说
Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tom’s.
每个人都像是汤姆的亲戚
【高考链接】
The accident was related ____ the driver’s carelessness. (山西卷) ( to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Women’s earnings are still low in relation _____ men’s. (to)
10. addicted adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的；n.对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人
【原句再现】
To be frank, I’m addicted to my car. (教材P59)
【词块积累】
a TV/football/video game addict 电视/足球/电子游戏迷
addiction n. 瘾；入迷
drug/alcohol/Internet addiction 毒瘾/酒瘾/网瘾
addictive adj.使人上瘾的；使人入迷的
be addicted to sth./doing sth. 对……入迷；沉迷于；对……上瘾
【精品例句】
He kicked his three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, and overcame her addiction to alcohol.
他改掉了一天三包烟的恶习，并戒掉了酒瘾。
My children are hopelessly addicted to the television.
我的孩子们对电视彻底上瘾了。
Many smokers who are addicted to nicotine cannot give up easily.
许多对尼古丁上瘾的人很难戒烟。
He is addicted to playing video games, which can account for his failure in the exam.
他沉溺于电子游戏，这就是他考试失利的原因。
She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.
她是一个电视迷，不停看电视。
【高考链接】
A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to ______ (send) and receiving messages. (山东卷.) (sending)
She kicked her three-a-day cigarette habit, and overcame her _________ (addict) to alcohol. (湖南课改卷) (addiction)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This is a fun and very ______ (addict) game which needs skill. (addictive)
He is now fighting his _______ (addict) to alcohol. (addiction)
11. involve vt. 包含；需要；涉及；影响；使参加
【原句再现】
Factory farming involves keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
involved adj. 参与的，投入的
involve oneself in sth. 参加…
be/get involved in/with….参加/参与….
involvement n. 参与 = participation
【精品例句】
A crosstalk performance involves talking, imitating, singing and telling jokes.
相声表演包含说、学、逗、唱
The work of an elephant trainer involves love and devotion.
驯象师的工作需要爱和奉献
If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their positions.
如果你的目标影响到其他人，请设身处地为他们想想
How many vehicles were involved in the crash
这次撞车事故涉及多少车辆？
Children can get a lot out of being involved in volunteer work.
孩子们通过参加志愿者工作会学到很多东西
Fathers are encouraged to be more involved with their children.
父母应该更多和自己的孩子在一起
【高考链接】
Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ____ spending quite a lot of time with students. (福建卷)
A. enjoys B. involves C. practices D. suggests ( B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Students should involve themselves _______ community activities where they can gain experience for growth. (in)
12. despite prep. 不管，不顾
【原句再现】
To sump up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
despite of… 不管，尽管，任凭，与in spite of …相近
【精品例句】
Despite the bad weather, we enjoyed our holiday.
尽管天气不好，我们还是愉快地度过了我们的假期
Joe is a good basketball player despite being short and fat.
尽管又矮又胖，乔依然是个优秀的运动员
【高考链接】
It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ____ his great wealth. （江西卷）
A. without B. despite C. in D. to (B)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
尽管做了努力，我们还是输了
(We lost despite our efforts.)
不顾大雨，他们很早就出发了
(Despite the heavy rain, they started out early.)
13. result n. 结果，成果，成绩；vi. 发生，导致
【原句再现】
Reduced rainfall in Canada resulted in a huge forest fire in May 2016. (教材P66)
【词块积累】
the football results 足球比赛结果
get good results 取得好成绩
as a result 因此
as a result (of) 作为…的结果
result from 由…引起/发生/产生
result in 造成，导致=lead to = bring about
【精品例句】
If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.
如果你相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好结果
This book is the result of 25 years of research.
这本书是25年的研究成果
Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.
爱丽丝今早上睡过了，结果上班迟到了
About 21million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.
二十世纪九十年代，大约有2100万人死于吸烟
Pollution and other serious problems have resulted from human progress.
人类的发展引起了污染和其它严重问题
I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.
我认识到，叫嚣和威胁惩罚会导致祸端
【高考链接】
Jenny nearly missed the flight _____ doing too much shopping. (全国卷)
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
My friend Martin was very sick with a stranger fever, ____, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise
14. claim n．&vt. 夺取(生命)；主张；宣称；认领；索取；夺去；断言
【原句再现】
These have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years. (教材P66)
【词块积累】
claim to be/do... 声称/自称做……
It is claimed that... 据称……
Sb. claim that …..声称….
make a claim 声称；断言
【精品例句】
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fighting against cancer.
科学家们称在抗癌领域取得了重大突破
Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
在过去的100年中，地震夺去了超过160万人的生命
We agree to accept all your claim.
我方同意接受贵方的所有索赔
We will see those who claim to be leaders for the peace.
我们将看到那些声称自己带来和平的领导人
It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.
据称有些医生每周工作80小时
【高考链接】
In health food stores，you'll find dozens of products that claim __ (do) wonders for your brain. (江西课改卷) (to do)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He claimed himself ___ (be) the owner of the car. (to be)
He made _____ claim that he would be elected as president of the company. (a)
15. marry vt. 娶，嫁；和…结婚；vi. 结婚，结合
【原句再现】
She even becomes jealous of her school friend, Madame Forestier, who has married a wealthy man. (教材P72)
【词块积累】
marriage n. 婚姻，结婚
married adj. 已婚的，有配偶的
a happy marriage 幸福的婚姻
A marry B. A 与B结婚 (注: 不能说 A marry with B)
marry A to B. 把A 嫁给B
be married to sb.（表状态， 可以与一段时间状语连用） 与…结婚
get married to sb. （表动作， 不能与一段时间状语连用）与…结婚
【精品例句】
Their marriage lasted 31 years.
他们的婚姻持续了31年
Please state whether you are single, married, or divorced in the form.
请在表格中注明您是单身，已婚还是离异
How do you like married life
你认为婚后的生活怎样？
They have been married to each other for 20 years.
他们已婚20年了
On returning to the palace, the king marries the woman.
一回到皇宫，国王就和这位女子结婚了
My uncle didn’t marry until he was forty-five.
我叔父直到45岁才结婚
【高考链接】
My father is trying to marry me _______ his account’s daughter. ( 陕西卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Jane got _____ (marry) to her husband immediately after graduation. (married)
●本单元重要词组
16. wipe out 毁灭；抹去
Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. (教材P52)
The oil spill could wipe out the gulf’s turtle population.
17. end up doing/with… 以…..而告终
Our oceans are full of plastic waste, and animals and birds end up swallowing the plastic and dying as a result. (教材P56)
If we go on in this way, we shall end up with millions and millions of unemployed staffs.
18. do away with…. 废除；结束；去掉
I really believe we should do away with packaging completely. (教材P57)
The long-term goal must be to do away with nuclear weapons altogether.
19. get/be stuck (in)… 卡住；无法移动
How often do we get stuck in traffic jams (教材P58)
His legs got stuck in the hole. He couldn’t move.
20. stress out 紧张的，担心的，焦虑的
How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry (教材P58)
I was really stressed out before the exam.
21. sit around/about 闲坐，无所事事地坐着
Don’t just sit around and complain! (教材P59)
Eve isn’t the type of person to sit around doing nothing.
●句型点拨
1. so that引导状语从句
【原句再现】
It’s important to study these opinions, so that you can identify and understand the arguments for and against these important issues. (教材P56)
句式分析:so that 引导结果状语从句，意为“以便…”
【能力拓展】
※so that引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……”，相当于“in order that”。此从句中常含有情态动词can，could，may，might等，目的状语从句之前不用逗号将其与主句隔开。
※so that还可引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往不带情态动词，可用逗号把主从句隔开。
※so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，so之后接形容词或副词。
【精品例句】
He worked hard at his lessons so that he could gain high grades in the exams.
他努力学习功课以便能在考试中获得高分。
I finished my homework quickly so that I could go swimming with my dad.
为了能和父亲去游泳，我迅速做完了家庭作业。
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.
我早起是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车。
【高考链接】
I spend more time learning English every day _______ I can make greater progress.
(湖南卷) (so that)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She had not planned her time well, _______ she didn’t finish her homework on time. (so that)
He is ______ young that he can't look after himself. (so)
2. 连词while用法
【原句再现】
Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. (教材P52)
句式分析：句中while 引导时间状语从句
【能力拓展】
※ while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。
※ while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“……期间，当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
※ while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于though。
※ while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as long as。
※ while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。 此时主要用于短语中：after a while过了一会儿；for a while暂时，一会儿；all the while一直，始终等。
【精品例句】
While she was listening to the radio，she fell asleep.
她听着收音机睡着了
While there is life，there is hope.
只要有生命就有希望
The boy is good at math while his sister is good at Chinese.
那个男孩擅长数学而他妹妹擅长语文
【高考链接】
_______ a great many people like the convenience of using WeChat to communicate with each other，too many junk messages on it may make them bored. (陕西卷)
A. While B. When C. As D. Since (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
He went out for a walk，______ I stayed at home.
A. while B. though C. as D. because (A)
●定语从句（详见语法课件）
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