北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit3 Conservation TOPIC TALK-LESSON 1 The Sixth Extinction词汇精讲课堂课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修一 Unit 3 (TOPIC TALK — LESSON 1)
本单元词汇梳理
1. conservation 构词法：conserve — conservation
2. plastic 词源义“形成的；可塑的”，引申为“塑料的”
词块：plastic bags
3. destroy de- (down 向下) + struere (build 建，同structure) → 破坏建筑的结构 → 毁坏；精准的汉语释义“毁坏”
4. mining mine (v) + -ing
5. recycle re- (again 再、重新) + cycle (v 循环) → 再循环 → 再利用
派生词：recycling, recyclable, unrecyclable
6. informative inform (通知、了解) + -ative → 提供有用信息的、增进知识的
同根词：information
7. threat 词块：a threat to sth
派生词：threaten (threaten to do sth)
threatening
8. switch 精准的汉语释义：“变”和“换”
词块：switch … from … to, switch sth with sb, switch on / off / over
9. illegally il- + legal + -ly
词族：legal, legally, illegal, illegally
10. hunt 一词多义：基本义“猎捕” （隐喻思维）
派生词：hunter, hunting
词块：hunt for a job, go hunting
11. extinct ex- (向外) + -stinct (刺) → 拔刺、拔出 → 连根拔起 → 灭绝
派生词：extinction
12. incredibly incredible (adj 难以置信的) + -ly → incredibly (unbelievably)
13. species 单复数同形
词块：endangered species
14. wipe 基本义“擦”；词块：wipe out, wipe sth with sth
15. unusual un- (not) + usual
词块：it is (not) unusual (for sb) to do sth
词族：usual, usually, unusual, unusually
16. mass 词块：a mass of / masses of = a lot of / lots of, mass production, mass media
17. varied 词族：vary, variety, various, varied
18. decrease 反义词：increase
词块：decrease from … to …, decrease by
19. blame 词块：be to blame, blame sb / sth for (doing) sth, blame sth on sb / sth
20. affect af- (to 去) + -fect (= fact, make 做) → 对……起作用 → 影响
熟词生义：使感动；使感染 (疾病)
21. endangered en- (make 使) + danger (危险) + -ed
词族：danger, dangerous, endanger, endangered
22. solar sol (sun 太阳) + -ar → 太阳的、利用太阳能的
词块：the solar system, the solar calendar, solar energy
23. restore re- (back 回) + store (储存) → 重新放回储存 → 恢复、修复
重难点词精讲
switch
精准的汉语释义
英语释义
搭配义
mass
熟词生义
搭配义
form词根
英语释义
辨析义
threat
一词多义
blame
affect
damage, destroy,
ruin
精准的汉语释义
辨析义
item
一词多义
辨析damage, destroy, ruin
damage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。
[U] 损害；损坏；损失 harm or injury caused
when sth is broken or spoiled：
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.
do / cause damage to
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. 2008 全国
[C] [复数] 损害赔偿金：
He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000.
damage n [必修二 U5]
■ 损害；损坏：(名词动化）
Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
侧重 “损”，可修复
damage vt
毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists：
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
destroy vt
消灭；杀死：
The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.
侧重 “毁”，无法修复
destroy = de- (down) + struere (build)
破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑
“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？
The rain ruined my hair.
头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。
在这里，理解英语释义也很重要。
◆ destroy: to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists
◆ ruin: to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.
糟蹋；(完全地) 毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.：
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
使破产 to make sb lose all his / her money：
If she loses the court case it will ruin her.
n
[U] 毁灭；破产：
the ruin of civilization
financial ruin
[C] [常用复数] 废墟；遗迹；残余：
the ruins of Rome
ruin vt [选必一 U2]
in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
文化拓展
意大利的古罗马废墟 (the ruins of Rome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。
这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。
小结
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage, destroy和ruin。
◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；
◆ destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；
◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。
头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
item
这里的 item 指的是“新闻”“报道”的意思，平时我们在阅读英语原版文章时，这两个国外网站，也可以供我们选择。
读书破万卷，下笔如有神。外刊文章读多了，写出的文章自然也会非常地道。
item n [C]
（表格、目录、数据等的）项目；细目：
We have many items to discuss in our meeting today.
一件商品 / 物品：
Can I pay for each item separately
一条 / 一则（新闻）：
What is the first news item mainly about
threat
人工智能是一种工具，而不是一种威胁。
threat n
[C] & [U] 威胁；恐吓：
the threat of violence
[C]［常用单数］构成威胁的人 / 事物：
Pollution poses a threat to the continued existence of this species.
[U] & [C]［常用单数］凶兆：
There was a threat of typhoon.
[词汇拓展] threaten v
vt 威胁；恐吓；危及到：
Traffic issues not only affect our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. 2015 江苏书面表达改
threaten to do sth:
David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. 2009 上海
vt & vi 预示（……的）凶兆：
The dark clouds threatened rain.
threatening adj 带有威胁的 [必修三 U8]
threat + -en (使……)
开灯、关灯你会表达吗？
开灯 __________________ the light
关灯 __________________ the light
turn on
turn off
开、关电视如何表达？
开电视 __________________ the TV
关电视 __________________ the TV
turn on
turn off
词汇科普：早期的电器的开关钮其实是旋转开关,多用turn,而现在都是平面开关，多用 switch。
switch
/ switch on
/ switch off
/ switch on
/ switch off
n [C]
开关；电闸：
turn on / off the light switch
骤变；突变
vt & vi
改变；转变 to change from one thing to another：
He switched the conversation from one subject to another.
交换；调换 to exchange one thing for another：
We asked them if they would switch places with us.
强调“变”，重在change，常和 from, to 搭配
强调“换”，重在exchange sth for sth else
switch
名词动词化
switch off 关上（电灯、电视等）；[非正式用语] 不听；不理睬：
Have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer 人教新选必① – 2
Thankfully, I’ve learned to switch off and let it go over my head.
switch on 打开（电灯、电视等）：
I hear that song whenever I switch on the radio.
switch over 改变；转换：
We’ve switched over to mobile banking.
同义异构：turn on
同义异构：turn off
switch 语义网络图
n 开关
（基本义）
强调“变”
v 扳动开关
名词动化
由开到关，由关到开，状态瞬间发生彻底改变
由具象到抽象
switch
强调“换”
骤变；突变
改变；转变
交换；调换
mass
■ n [C]
团；块；堆：
a mass of rocks
large masses of clouds
许多；大量：
a mass of / masses of:
I’ve got a mass of things to do this morning.
Wherever the Beatles went, masses of fans would welcome them at the airport.
[the masses] 群众；民众：
The trains provide cheap travel for the masses.
[U] (物理学) 质量
■ adj [只用于名词前] 民众的；大规模的：
a mass protest
mass production
[必修三U7]
massive adj 巨大的；大而重的；大规模的：
A massive earthquake hit central Italy in August 2016, killing at least 247 people. 北师新选必①-3
A Joke
Teacher: Betty, you made so many mistakes in your exercises, surely your mother will blame you!
Betty: Blame me for them Oh, no. On the contrary, she is to blame, because it was she that did my homework instead.
vt 责备；把……归咎于 to say or think that sb / sth is responsible for sth bad:
You’ve failed to do what you were expected to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you.2010 四川
① blame sb / sth for (doing) sth:
While we can’t change the body type we are born with, we can’t blame our genes for making us fat. 2014 重庆
Once you form the habit of blaming somebody
or something else for a bad situation, you are a
loser. 2010 广东
blame
② blame sth on sb / sth:
Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.
【常见搭配】
be to blame (for sth)（对某事）负有责任：
It’s all my fault. I’m to blame.
Who is to blame for the fire
n [U]（对错误 / 坏事应负的）责任；责备 responsibility for a mistake or sth bad：
take / bear the blame
Where does the blame for our failure lie
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. 2017 全国
同义异构：
be responsible for
affect
affect vt
影响 to influence sb / sth：
decisions which affect our lives
With the government’s aid, those (who were) affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 2009 上海改
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动 to make sb have strong feelings of sadness, pity, etc.：
She was deeply affected by the story.
使感染（疾病）：
Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.
af- (to 去) + -fect- (make 做) → 对……起作用 → 影响（基本义）
affect 语义网络图
具
象
到
抽
象
影响
affect
基本义
对精神的
“影响”
对身体的“影响”
使感动；
打动
使感染
(疾病)
影响
对人或物的“影响”
词语辨析
affect / effect
effect（名词）= result, influence；作用；影响：
Does television have an effect on children’s behaviour
affect（动词）= to have an influence on sb / sth；影响某人 / 某事：
Does television affect children’s behaviour
词根 form
form （shape 形状）n uni-: 一 (one) uniform /
-al: ……的 (of) formal informal
词根 词缀 单词 派生词
form （to form 形成） v per- : 彻底地 (thoroughly) perform performer
performance
in-: 入 (into) inform information informative
trans-: 横过 (across) transform transformation
re-: 再 (again) reform /
-ation formation /
-er former /
本单元金句汇总
1. Traffic issues not only affect our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. 2015 江苏书面表达改
2. Have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer 人教新选必① – 2
3. It’s all my fault. I’m to blame.
4. You’ve failed to do what you were expected to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you.2010 四川
5. Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. 2017 全国
随堂检测
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall.
2. The building was completely ______________ by fire.
3. It poured with rain and my dress got ______________
4. This illnesss has _____________ my life.
5. Ninety percent of their island was _____________ and they had nothing. (2012 山东)
6. The homeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
ruin damage destroy
damaged
destroyed
ruined
ruined
destroyed
destroyed
damage, destroy, ruin
1. The bad weather __________________ (毁了我们的旅行).
2. Too much packaging is ______________________________ (对……造成严重损坏) the environment. (2010 山东)
3. A number of paintings in this castle are believed to
___________________ (被毁掉) in a fire in 2009. (2011 湖北完成句子)
二、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。
doing / causing serious damage to
have been destroyed
ruined our trip
item
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Are there any interesting news items in the paper this morning __________
2. The police examined several items of clothing. __________
3. This is the next item on the agenda（日程）. __________
4. The shop-window was filled with hundreds of items. __________
5. The item of the contract（合同）still stands now. __________
条款
新闻
物品
项目
商品 / 物品
一、写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。
1. His position as leader is under threat. ___________________
2. The day began cold and gray; a cover of low and dark clouds is a threat of rain. ___________________
二、在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Everyone agreed that climate change is ____ threat.
2. For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even ____________ (threaten).
3. Pollution poses a threat _____ the continued existence of this species.
4. Traffic issues not only affect our everyday life, but may also ____________ (threat) people’s lives.
threat
threaten
to
征兆
threatening
a
受到威胁
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. She could switch easily from French to English. ______
2. According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your
mobile phone before boarding. ______
3. The switch in the bathroom is broken and we need a new one for
the light. ______
4. This kind of boat comes with electric pump（泵）. And all you have to
do is just switch it on. ______
5. Tom said he would switch with me on Saturday. ______
6. Can I switch over to the movie channel ______
转换
关掉
开关
打开它
转换
调换
switch
mass
一、写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。
1. Henry Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people.” (2011 辽宁) ____________
2. This mass extinction is caused by hunting, habitat destruction and pollution. _______________
3. When I washed the sweater, it just turned into a shapeless mass.
_______________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
There were __________ (大量) people in the shops yesterday.
大众
大规模的灭绝
masses of
团
blame
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Now he has no one but himself to blame ___________ losing the job. （2014 江西）
2. The mother didn’t know who _______________ (blame) for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
3. Some people lay the blame ___________ the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food. （2013 湖北改）
4. ___________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
5. Joe is proud and stubborn（固执的）, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else ___________ (blame).（2014 浙江）
for
(was) to blame
on
Blamed
to blame
二、将下列句子译成汉语。
The report blames poor safety standards for the accident.
________________________________________________
2. One of the computers is broken and she is blaming it on me.
________________________________________________
3. Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for
the fire.
________________________________________________
报告把事故归咎于安全标准不高。
有一台计算机坏了，她正怪罪于我。
政府官员认为，可能不止一人对火灾负有责任。
一、根据句意选出 affect 的最佳释义。
__________ 1. Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly disease mainly affecting children.（2016 北京改）
__________ 2. With the government’s aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.（2009 上海改）
__________ 3. I was deeply affected by the film.
影响
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动
使感染（疾病）



affect
二、选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
(affect, effect)
1. I tried to persuade（说服）him, but with little or no __________.
2. When I was 50, my weight problem began to ____________ me seriously.（2017 天津改）
effect
affect
谢
谢
观
赏