Module 1 Europe知识清单
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I. words
1. across prep. 横过，穿过；在……的对面
swim across the rive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r；walk across the street； run across the classroom
eg. There is a bookstore across the street.
Where is the nearest bridge across the river
比较：go through the woods；jump over the fence；walk along the path
2. continent n. 大陆，continental adj. 大陆的 continental climate 大陆性气候
3. face v. 面向；面对； n. 面子；脸
eg. Our house faces south. = Our house faces to the south.
We should face reality. 我们应该面对现实。
When facing difficulty, you shouldn’t give up. 当面对困难时，你不应该放弃。
拓展： faced with…= facing… = in the face of… 面对……；面临……
lose one’s face；talk face to face；a face-to-face talk
4. range n. 范围；射程；类别；山脉
v. 变化 range from…to…在……范围内变化
eg. She has done a lot of jobs, ranging from teacher to journalist.
5. the symbol of ……的象征； the symbol for ……的符号
eg. What is the chemical symbol for copper(铜)
White is always a symbol of purity（纯洁） in Western culture.
6. opposite prep. 在……的对面 adj. 相反的 n.反义词
be opposite to 在对面；反对
eg. An art gallery is opposite (to) the post office.
He is always opposite to my opinion.
Hot and cold are opposites.
7. sign an agreement 签合同
come to/reach/arrive at/make an agreement 取得一致意见，达成协议
in agreement with同意，与…一致
拓展：sign in 签到； sign ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out 签名登记离开； sign up for报名参加
8. whereabouts adv.在哪里？在什么地方？用以提问大概的地方；n. 下落
eg. The musician’s whereabouts are/is still unknown.
Whereabouts did you find the boot
9. representative n. represent vt.
eg. The exhibition at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tracted 800 representatives representing more than 100 countries.
这次展览会吸引了代表着100多个国家的800名代表。
10. feature n. 特色 vt. 以……为特色。
eg. An interesting feature of the city is the old street.
The church features many famous oil paintings.
II. Phrases
1. because of 因为，由于
其它表示原因的短语：thanks to/owing to /as a result of/due to
eg. I have ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de great progress in English thanks to/owing to/as a result of /because of your help.
比较：由于生病了，他没有去上学。（because / because of）
He didn’t go to school _______ he was ill.
=He didn’t go to school _________ his illness.
2. ever since 和since通用, “自从那时起”，谓语动词多用现在完成时态。
eg. He began to pla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y the piano in 2000, so he has practiced for 11 years ever since.
He has practiced playing the piano for 11years since 2000.
3. on one hand…on the other hand…
on the other hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与on (the) one hand呼应出现，用于引出与以上观点相对的看法，说明两种截然不同的观点、意见。类似用法的结构还有：for one thing. . . , for another. . . 一方面……；另一方面……
eg. I can’t go to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Guilin now because on one hand, I have no money; on the other hand, I have no time.
4. in terms of 据…..；依照…..;从……方面来说
eg. In terms of size ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and population, how big is the European Union compared with China
在面积和人口上，和中国相比，欧盟有多大？
5. work on致力于；从事; 继续工作
eg. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.
高迪自1882年起从事这项工程直至1926年逝世。
work out计划；思考；算出，想出(办法等)，结果(良好)
eg. Work out how much all these things will cost. 算计算计买这么多东西要多少钱.
III. Sentences
1. Between France and Spain is another mountain range—the Pyrenees.
在法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉——比利牛斯山脉。
构成此类完全倒装的条件：
(1)表示方位的here，there，up，down，out，in等，表示时间的now，then以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首；
(2)句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come，go，stand，lie，exist等不及物动词；
(3)句子的主语是名词。
eg. On the right is a map. 右边是一张地图。
2. Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands.
这个国家百分之二十的国土是岛屿。
“分数/百分数/the r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est＋of＋名词／代词” 构成的短语在句中作主语。当这样的结构作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
eg. About tw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o-thirds of the France’s artists and writers live in Paris.
大约三分之二的法国艺术家和作家居住在巴黎。
3.表示方位的几个固定结构
Linzi Middle School is in the northeast of Linzi.
Linzi Middle School lies in the northeast of Linzi.
Linzi Middle School is located in the northeast of Linzi.
Linzi Middle School is situated in the northeast of Linzi.
注意要灵活使用表示放方位的介词：in；on；to；off
The city of Linzi lies on the Zi River.
Qingdao is located on the coast.
Changdao is situated off the coast.
Linzi is to/on the east of Zhangdian.
Ⅳ.Grammar Passive voice
英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语用主动语态。如果主语是动作的承受者，谓语则要用被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动语态。
具体如下表：
各种时态形式 例句
一般现在时：is/am/are done The TV set is repaired by my brother.
一般过去时：was/were done The TV set was repaired last week.
一般将来时：will be done The TV set will be repaired next week.
现在进行时：is/are being done The TV set is being repaired now.
现在完成时： has/have been done The TV set has been repaired already.
过去进行时：was/were being done The TV set was being repaired yesterday evening.
过去完成时：had been done He told me that the TV set had been repaired.
过去将来时：would be done He promised that the TV set would be repaired the next day.
1. across prep. 横过，穿过；在……的对面
swim across the rive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r；walk across the street； run across the classroom
eg. There is a bookstore across the street.
Where is the nearest bridge across the river
比较：go through the woods；jump over the fence；walk along the path
2. continent n. 大陆，continental adj. 大陆的 continental climate 大陆性气候
3. face v. 面向；面对； n. 面子；脸
eg. Our house faces south. = Our house faces to the south.
We should face reality. 我们应该面对现实。
When facing difficulty, you shouldn’t give up. 当面对困难时，你不应该放弃。
拓展： faced with…= facing… = in the face of… 面对……；面临……
lose one’s face；talk face to face；a face-to-face talk
4. range n. 范围；射程；类别；山脉
v. 变化 range from…to…在……范围内变化
eg. She has done a lot of jobs, ranging from teacher to journalist.
5. the symbol of ……的象征； the symbol for ……的符号
eg. What is the chemical symbol for copper(铜)
White is always a symbol of purity（纯洁） in Western culture.
6. opposite prep. 在……的对面 adj. 相反的 n.反义词
be opposite to 在对面；反对
eg. An art gallery is opposite (to) the post office.
He is always opposite to my opinion.
Hot and cold are opposites.
7. sign an agreement 签合同
come to/reach/arrive at/make an agreement 取得一致意见，达成协议
in agreement with同意，与…一致
拓展：sign in 签到； sign ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out 签名登记离开； sign up for报名参加
8. whereabouts adv.在哪里？在什么地方？用以提问大概的地方；n. 下落
eg. The musician’s whereabouts are/is still unknown.
Whereabouts did you find the boot
9. representative n. represent vt.
eg. The exhibition at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tracted 800 representatives representing more than 100 countries.
这次展览会吸引了代表着100多个国家的800名代表。
10. feature n. 特色 vt. 以……为特色。
eg. An interesting feature of the city is the old street.
The church features many famous oil paintings.
II. Phrases
1. because of 因为，由于
其它表示原因的短语：thanks to/owing to /as a result of/due to
eg. I have ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de great progress in English thanks to/owing to/as a result of /because of your help.
比较：由于生病了，他没有去上学。（because / because of）
He didn’t go to school _______ he was ill.
=He didn’t go to school _________ his illness.
2. ever since 和since通用, “自从那时起”，谓语动词多用现在完成时态。
eg. He began to pla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y the piano in 2000, so he has practiced for 11 years ever since.
He has practiced playing the piano for 11years since 2000.
3. on one hand…on the other hand…
on the other hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与on (the) one hand呼应出现，用于引出与以上观点相对的看法，说明两种截然不同的观点、意见。类似用法的结构还有：for one thing. . . , for another. . . 一方面……；另一方面……
eg. I can’t go to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Guilin now because on one hand, I have no money; on the other hand, I have no time.
4. in terms of 据…..；依照…..;从……方面来说
eg. In terms of size ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and population, how big is the European Union compared with China
在面积和人口上，和中国相比，欧盟有多大？
5. work on致力于；从事; 继续工作
eg. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.
高迪自1882年起从事这项工程直至1926年逝世。
work out计划；思考；算出，想出(办法等)，结果(良好)
eg. Work out how much all these things will cost. 算计算计买这么多东西要多少钱.
III. Sentences
1. Between France and Spain is another mountain range—the Pyrenees.
在法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉——比利牛斯山脉。
构成此类完全倒装的条件：
(1)表示方位的here，there，up，down，out，in等，表示时间的now，then以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首；
(2)句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come，go，stand，lie，exist等不及物动词；
(3)句子的主语是名词。
eg. On the right is a map. 右边是一张地图。
2. Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands.
这个国家百分之二十的国土是岛屿。
“分数/百分数/the r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est＋of＋名词／代词” 构成的短语在句中作主语。当这样的结构作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
eg. About tw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o-thirds of the France’s artists and writers live in Paris.
大约三分之二的法国艺术家和作家居住在巴黎。
3.表示方位的几个固定结构
Linzi Middle School is in the northeast of Linzi.
Linzi Middle School lies in the northeast of Linzi.
Linzi Middle School is located in the northeast of Linzi.
Linzi Middle School is situated in the northeast of Linzi.
注意要灵活使用表示放方位的介词：in；on；to；off
The city of Linzi lies on the Zi River.
Qingdao is located on the coast.
Changdao is situated off the coast.
Linzi is to/on the east of Zhangdian.
Ⅳ.Grammar Passive voice
英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语用主动语态。如果主语是动作的承受者，谓语则要用被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动语态。
具体如下表：
各种时态形式 例句
一般现在时：is/am/are done The TV set is repaired by my brother.
一般过去时：was/were done The TV set was repaired last week.
一般将来时：will be done The TV set will be repaired next week.
现在进行时：is/are being done The TV set is being repaired now.
现在完成时： has/have been done The TV set has been repaired already.
过去进行时：was/were being done The TV set was being repaired yesterday evening.
过去完成时：had been done He told me that the TV set had been repaired.
过去将来时：would be done He promised that the TV set would be repaired the next day.