人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 4Adversity and Courage Grammar 现在完成进行时课件(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
1. This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
2. We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
3. We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
谓语动词都是现在完成进行时态
Focus on
基本用法
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
现在完成进行时
1. 基本概念及结构
2. 常用时间状语
3. 现在完成进行时和
现在完成时的比较
基本概念
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能还要继续进行下去。
1. This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
2.She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still can’t wake up.
Past
now
Future
用法：
1.表示动作从过去某时开始一直到说话时还在进行或可能还要继续下去。
(1) I have been learning English since I was 8 years old and I still love it.
(2) Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
2.表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
(1) I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes.
(2) We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
(3) Her eyes are red. It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time.
3.表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。
(1) We’ve all along been making mistakes like this.
我们一直犯这样的错误。
(2) Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.
一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。
4.表示某种强烈的感彩,如：赞赏、批评、愤怒等。
(1)Tom has always been working hard.
(2) Why are you late again I have been waiting for you for two hours.
赞许的感彩
愤怒
现在完成进行时的结构
陈述句: have/has（not） + been + doing
一般疑问句: have/has + 主语 + been + doing
陈述句 I/We/You/They have (not) been working … He/She/It has (not) been working … 一般疑问句 Have I/we/you/they been working … Yes, I/we/you/they have.
No, I/we/you/they haven't.
Has he/she/it been working … Yes, he/she/it has.
No, he/she/it hasn't.
常用时间状语
① A private detective has been tailing (跟踪) him
for several weeks. 翻译：
② Craig loves outdoor activities - he skis in
winter and has been fishing and hunting
since he was a child.
一位私人侦探几个星期以来一直在跟踪他。
Craig热爱户外活动，冬天他去滑雪，他从小
就开始钓鱼和打猎。
现在完成进行时常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如：all the time, this week, all night, these few days, for…, since…等。
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较
Compare& discover:
I have made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕。
I have been making a cake. 我一直在做一个蛋糕。
She has painted a picture. 她画了一幅画。
She has been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画。
（已做好）
（不一定做好了）
（已画好）
（可能还没画好）
1.
现在完成时 强调动作行为的影响或结果；
现在完成进行时 强调动作未完成和动作本身
Summary:
现在完成进行时 可以表示动作的反复性；
现在完成时 经常表单个事件一般不表示动作的反复。
I have been taking part in races for four years.
我这四年一直在参加比赛。
I have taken part in races. 我已经参加了比赛。
2.
Summary:
动作的反复性
单个事件
3.
A. — _____________ have you visited Egypt this month
— I have visited Egypt twice this month.
(过去往返埃及和居住地, 但现在已回来)
B. — __________ have you been touring Egypt
— I have been touring Egypt for two month.
(过去一段时间一直待在埃及, 没有离开过)
How many times
How long
现在完成时 多用来询问和表达一个已经结束的动作或活动所完成的分量和频率，提问时用how many times；
现在完成进行时 多用来询问和表达一个正在发生的动作或活动延续多长时间，提问时用how long。
Summary:
4.
现在完成时 通常只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果；
现在完成进行时 比较生动，有时含有明显的感彩（喜悦、愤怒、不满、厌恶）等。
I have waited for you for two hours.
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
陈述事实
不满
Summary:
部分动词(如live, work, teach, study等)用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。如：
I have lived [been living] here for 30 years.
我在这儿住了30年了。
How long have you worked [been working] here
你在这里工作多久了
有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时，这些动词为:
状态动词:be，have，exist等。
情感动词:like，love，hate等。
感觉动词:see，hear，know，feel，sound等。
短暂性动词:finish，marry get up，come, go 等
5.
6.
1. 现在完成进行时的构成: have/has + been + doing
2. 现在完成进行时的基本概念：表示动作从过去某一
时间开始一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚终止，
也可能还在进行。
3. 现在完成进行时的常用时间状语: all the time, this
week, all night, these few days, for…, since…等。
4. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
① 动作是否有延续性
② 是否表示动作重复性
③ 是否有感彩
即时检测
一、单项选择
1．Mr. Yu _______ articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher.
A．was writing B．had written C．has been writing D．had been written
2．We _________ COVID-19 ever since it appeared three years ago.
A．have been fighting against B．fought with
C．have been fighting for D．will be fighting against
3．The washing machine ______ all morning. What on earth are you washing
A．has been running B．had run
C．was running D．will run
4．She ought to stop working. She has a headache because she ______ all day long.
A．has been reading B．had read C．is reading D．read
1．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：于先生自任教以来一直在为报纸和杂志撰稿。根据时间状语“since he became a teacher”可知，此处需要用现在完成进行时，强调“一直在写稿”。故选C项。
2．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：自3年前新冠肺炎疫情出现以来，我们一直在抗击疫情。根据后文since it appeared three years ago可知动作发生在过去，持续不间断到现在，应用现在完成进行时。故选A。
3．A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：洗衣机已经开了一上午了。你到底在洗什么 分析句子结构可知，前句缺少谓语动词，根据时间状语all morning，可知表示动作一直持续，应该用完成时，再根据后句用的是现在进行时，说明在说话的时候，洗衣机运行这个动作，从过去到现在一直持续，且这个动作可能仍在继续进行，应该用现在完成进行时。故选A项。
4．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：她应该停止工作。她头疼，因为她整天都在看书。结合语意，“读书”这一动作在过去发生，一直持续到现在，且强调动作一直正在进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语是she，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式has been reading。故选A项。
5．For some time now, world leaders ________ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.
A．pointed B．were pointing
C．have been pointing D．had been pointing
6．By now, the miners________ gold with tools for approximately five years continuously, but in vain.
A．are detecting B．will be detecting
C．have been detecting D．have been detected
7．Over the last three months, my roommate Lin Tao________ in the library every night.
A．worked B．had been working
C．has been working D．is working
8．They ________ the problem since this morning, but haven’t reached an agreement.
A．discussed B．discuss
C．have been discussing D．were discussing
5．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：目前一段时间以来，世界上的领导者们一直在强调削减武器的必要性。此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选C。
6．C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到现在为止，矿工们在将近五年的时间里持续不断地用工具探测黄金，但是却一无所获。A. are detecting正在探测（现在进行时）；B. will be detecting将来一直在探测（将来进行时）；C. have been detecting已经并一直在探测中（现在完成进行时）；D. have been detected已经被探测（现在完成时的被动语态）。结合句意，且根据时间状语By now和副词continuously可知，空格处应用现在完成进行时,表示从过去到现在持续进行的主动动作,故选C项。
7．C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的三个月里，我的室友林涛每晚都在图书馆工作。根据时间状语Over the last three months,可知，此处使用现在完成时；句子描述的Lin Tao每晚在图书馆工作这个动作从过去的三个月就开始一直持续到现在，还有可能会持续下去，因此用现在完成进行时。故选C项。
8．C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们从今天上午开始一直在讨论这个问题，但还没有达成一致意见。根据“since this morning, but haven’t reached an agreement”可知，此处表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，还有可能持续下去的动作，应用现在完成进行时。故选C。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．Mary has been ________ (hunt) for a job since she graduated from college.
2．What is the matter with the guy, who has been________ (wander) for two hours by now
3．In order to find the missing child, villagers ________ (do) all they can over the past five hours.
4．—What bad weather! I am sick of it here.
—So am I. It__________(rain)since last Friday. Wish we could see the sun tomorrow.
5．Ever since the Greens moved to the country a year ago, they________(enjoy)better health.
6．She is tired. She ________ (type) letters all the afternoon.
7．In the past few years，he ________ (deal) with a few international companies.
8．The Chinese government ________ (do) research into vaccine (疫苗) against African Swine Fever for months, recently many have received the first doses.
9．She is very tired. She ________ (work) all morning.
10．Jim ________ (phone) Jenny every night for the past week.
1．hunting
【详解】考查动词。句意： 自从大学毕业，Mary一直在寻找工作。根据时间状语since she graduated from college可知，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示动作发生在过去且持续到现在，有可能继续持续到将来，同时结合空前的has been，可知谓语动词用现在完成进行时。故填hunting。
2．wandering
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这家伙怎么了，他已经流浪了两个小时了？根据时间状语by now以及空前的has been可知，用现在完成进行时have been doing sth.。故填wandering。
3．have been doing
【详解】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：为了找到失踪的孩子，村民们在过去的五个小时里竭尽所能。分析句子可知，本句缺少谓语，根据时间状语over the past five hours，结合句意，表示“现在可能还在努力寻找”，可知应用现在完成进行时，其结构为“have been doing sth.”。故填have been doing。
4．has been raining
【详解】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：——糟糕的天气!我厌倦了这里。 ——我也是。从上周五开始就一直在下雨。真希望明天能看到太阳。根据语境可知，雨从上周五一直下到现在且有可能继续下下去，故此处应用现在完成进行时；主语It为单数，主谓保持一致，即“has been doing sth.”结构。故填has been raining。
5．have been enjoying
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从格林一家一年前搬到美国以来，他们的健康状况就一直在好转。设空处为主句谓语，根据Ever since 引导时间状语从句，可知主句应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，并且将持续下去，主语they，谓语应用复数形式，故填have been enjoying。
6．has been typing
【详解】考查时态。句意：她累了。她整个下午都在打字。由all the afternoon和句意可知，打字这一动作从过去开始持续到现在，并有可能继续进行下去，强调进行的过程，应用现在完成进行时，主语是she，助动词为has，故填has been typing。
7．has been dealing
【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，他一直在和几家国际公司打交道。根据时间状语In the past few years和句意可知，表示过去发生的动作或状况一直持续到现在，这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚刚结束，用现在完成进行时。故填has been dealing。
8．has been doing
【详解】考查时态。句意：数月以来，中国政府一直在研究对抗非洲猪瘟的疫苗，最近许多人接种了第一针。根据下文“for months(数月以来)”可知句子表达的是一个几个月以来一直持续的动作，谓语动词应使用现在完成进行时形式，又因主语The Chinese government是表示整体含义的集体名词，为第三人称单数，故填has been doing 。
9．has been working
【详解】考查时态。句意：她非常疲劳，整个早上都在工作。根据下文“all morning(整个早上)”可知句子表达的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作，谓语动词需使用现在完成进行时形式，故填has been working 。
10．has been phoning
【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的一周里，吉姆每天晚上都给珍妮打电话。由句意和every night for the past week可知，打电话这一动作从过去到现在的一段时间内反复进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语是Jim，助动词应用has，故填has been phoning。
11．They ________ (build) the bridge for two months.
12．I ________ (wait) for an hour and a half.
13．The telephone ________ (ring) in the office all the morning.
14．The dollar ________ (climb) steadily all week.
15．He ________ (play) basketball since he was ten.
16．Since then, a close relationship ______________ (grow) between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me.
17．The company ______ (operate) in France for over five years.
18．I _______ (read) the book you lent me but I haven’t finished it yet.
19．The medicine________ (prove) vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain over these years.
20．Car prices______ (decline) for six months because these prices are negotiable.
11．have been building
【详解】考查时态。句意：他们建这座桥已经两个月了。由for two months可知，建造这个动作从过去开始并持续到现在，有可能继续进行下去，强调进行的过程，应用现在完成进行时，主语为they，助动词应用have，故填have been building。
12．have been waiting
【详解】考查时态。句意：我已经等了一个半小时了。根据下文“for an hour and a half(一个半小时)”可知，句子表达的是一个从一个半小时前一直持续到现在的动作，谓语动词应使用现在完成进行时。故填have been waiting。
13．has been ringing
【详解】考查时态。句意：整个上午，办公室里的电话一直在响。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由“all the morning”以及句意可知此句用现在完成进行时，“The telephone”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has been ringing。
14．has been climbing
【详解】考查时态。句意：整个星期美元一直在稳步攀升。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由时间状语“all week”以及句意可知此句应用现在完成进行时，“The dollar”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has been climbing。
15．has been playing
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从十岁以来，他一直打篮球。根据时间状语“since he was ten (自从十岁以来)”可知句子表达的是一段时间以来一直持续的动作，谓语动词应使用现在完成进行时形式，又因主语He为第三人称单数代词，助动词用has。故填has been playing 。
16．has grown&has been growing
【详解】考查时态。句意：从那以后，我们之间的关系越来越密切，她对我来说就像一个妹妹。该空为谓语，结合Since then可知，该空可表过去的动作或状态持续到现在，或对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去，用现在完成时；也可表过去发生的动作或状况一直持续到现在，这个动作可能仍在继续进行，用现在完成进行时。主语a close relationship单数，谓语单数形式。故填has grown/has been growing。
17．has been operating
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这家公司在法国已经经营了五年以上。由时间状语for over five years和句意可知，这家公司已经经营了五年以上，并且将继续经营下去，则该句应用现在完成进行时。主语company是第三人称单数，则谓语动词也应用单数形式，保持主谓一致。所以operate的形式应为has been operating。故填has been operating。
18．have been reading
【详解】考查动词。句意：我一直在看你借给我的那本书，但还没有看完。根据该句的I haven’t finished it yet“还没看完”以及but转折可知，这里应该表示“我一直在看，但是还没看完”，所以此处为现在完成进行时。故填have been reading。
19．has proved
【详解】考查动词。句意：这些年来，这种药物已被证明对退烧和帮助止痛至关重要。由over these years时间状语可知，此处动词为现在完成时，结合主语The medicine为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填has proved。
20．have been declining
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：汽车价格六个月来一直在下降，因为这些价格是可以协商的。分析句子可知空处填谓语动词，结合句意表示价格持续下降，所以用现在完成进行时“have been doing”，表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。此处表示价格一直在下降，可能仍然继续下降；主语prices复数，主谓保持一致，谓语动词用复数。故填have been declining。
Ⅰ.实战高考。
1. [2020 天津卷]
- You are a great swimmer.
- Thanks. It's because I __ a lot these days.
A. have been prctising
B. was practising
C. would practise
D. had practised
【解析】考察时态。
句意：---你游泳很棒。---谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在。
因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
2. [2019 北京卷]
A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson
________________ (offer) free rides to
college students for the past eight years.
3. [2018 全国卷]
Languages _________________________
(come and go) for thousands of years, but
in recent times there has been less coming
and a lot more going.
has been offering
has been coming and going
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思，完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. 一个星期以来，艾丽斯在公共汽车站一直
遇到那个穿黑衣服的人。
Alice _____ _____ ________ the man in
black at the bus stop for a week.
2. 她的组织自成立以来一直在为那些被遗弃
的动物筹集资金。
Her organization _____ ______ _________
money for those abandoned animals since
it was set up.
has been meeting
has been collecting
3. 我一直期待着去英国旅行，我的梦想将在下个
月实现。
I _____ _____ __________ to travel to the UK,
and my dream will come true next month.
4. 桑迪已经教学16年，她探索出了一些有效的教
学方法。
Sandy ____ ____ _________ for sixteen years,
and has explored some effective teaching
methods.
5. 自六月以来，玛丽每天晚上都去上写作课，这
门课将于本周结束。
Mary ____ _____ _______ to writing classes
every night since June and the course will end
this week.
have been expecting
has been teaching
has been going