选择性必修第一册 Unit2 Success Lesson 3 Getting to the Top词汇精讲课堂课件(共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修一 Unit 2 (LESSON 3)
本单元词汇梳理
1. extreme 词块：extreme sports, extreme weather
派生词：extremely
2. entry 一词多义，基本义：进入；词块：gain entry into
3. academic 词块：academic research, academic year
4. ruin 词块：in ruins
5. skip 词源义：jump over；基本义：跳过
隐喻：“跳”的动作 (具体) → “跳”过应做的事情 (抽象)
6. defensive 构词法：defend — defense — defensive
7. element 精准的汉语释义：要素；
熟词生义：天气
词块：brave the elements
8. workout 合成词 work + out
9. intensity intense (adj 强烈的) + -ity
10. selfish self + -ish
11. countless count + -less
12. hire 意为“租用”时同义词为 rent，英式英语中短期租用为 hire，长期租用为 rent；美式英语中都用 rent。
13. triathlete tri- (three) + athlete
14. boil 词块：boiled / boiling water, boil down to sth
15. enormous e- [(= ex-, out ) 出、向外 ]+ -norm- [(normal) 正规 、常规] + -ous → 超出常规的 → 巨大的；近义词：huge
16. length 词族：long, length, lengthen
词块：in length, at length
17. apart a- (to 到) + part (a side 边) → 到另一边 → 分开地
词块：(set sb) apart from, be worlds apart, fall apart, tell apart, take apart, tear apart
18. platform plat + form；一词多义，基本义：平 (的) 台
19. injured 词族：injury, injure, injured；词块：the injured
20. outstanding out + stand + -ing
21. average 词源：在海运活动中，当船只遇到恶劣天气等危险，往往会抛弃一部分货物以减轻载重，避免船只倾覆。海损由相关各方平均分摊，这在古代西方已经形成惯例。average原本指的就是这种海运货物损失，后又引申出“平均的”、“普通的”之意。
词块：an average of, below / above average, on average
22. normal norm- (正规 、常规) + -al (形容词词尾) → 有规范的 → 正常的
派生词：normally, abnormal (ab- 否定前缀)
词块：it is normal (for sb) to do sth, above / below normal, go back / return to normal
重难点词精讲
damage, destroy,
ruin
精准的
汉语释义
辨析义
apart
搭配义
average
skip
一词多义
element
熟词生义
搭配义
一词多义
entry
normal
一词多义
辨析义
短语动词转化而来的合成名词
合成形容词
academic
英语释义
我们时常会看到下面的汉语标识牌，作为学英语的你，是否想过用英文该怎么表达呢？
entry
entry n
[C] & [U] 进入；入场；进入权：
No Entry.
Thieves had forced an entry into the building.
Entry to the museum is free.
[C] 入口处；门口：
You can leave your umbrella in the entry.
[C] 记载；条目；项目：
A pocket dictionary doesn’t contain enough entries. 2015 湖南
a journal / blog entry
[C] 参加比赛的人 / 物：
This painting is my entry for the art competition.
entry的词源义和基本义是“进入 (act or fact of physically entering)”。
entry 词源解读
entry 语义网络图
进入；入场；进入权
入口处；门口
“进入”的动作或权利
记载；条目；项目
“进入”比赛的人或作品
参加比赛的人 / 物
“进入”某地需要经过的门或通道
“进入”字典或书等需要查看的信息
进入
基本义
entry
academic
在希腊神话中有一位绝世美女海伦。当她还是一名少女的时候，来自雅典的英雄忒修斯将她劫走。海伦的两个哥哥来到雅典，要求雅典人归还自己的妹妹，并威胁要动用武力。正在这危急时刻，一个名叫阿卡德摩斯（Akademos）的农夫告诉了他们海伦的位置。两兄弟很快就夺回了自己的妹妹。而Akademos也因为使雅典避免了一场战争而成为英雄，得到神灵的庇佑，他的橄榄树林年年丰收。这片橄榄树林也因此得名Akademeia。
后来，哲学家柏拉图在这片橄榄树林里创建了学园。人们将他的学园也称为Akademeia。英语单词academy就来源于柏拉图创建的Akademeia学园。原本专指柏拉图所创建的学园，但后来词义进一步扩充，泛指各种学术研究性机构。
词源解读：academic 来自academy（学院），词源义为“学院的”。
academy n [C] (必修二U6)
（某一领域的）研究院；学会：
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
专科学校；（尤指音乐、军事）学院：
a police / military academy
an academy of music
（美国的）私立学校
academic
■ adj［常用于名词前］
学校的；学院的 connected with the educational activities of schools, colleges and universities：
the office of academic affairs
an academic degree / qualification
the start of the new academic year
学术的 connected with studying from books, opposite to practical skills：
academic subjects
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. 2010 湖北
■ n [C] 大学教师
academically adv 学术上；学业上：
In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. 2012 上海
【知识拓展】你知道AW吗？
AW = Academic Words 学术词汇
学术词汇指常出现在各学科、学术文章中的词汇，而不是日常谈话所使用词汇。学术词汇相对更正式。
日常学习中，我们可以借助学术英语词典，更好地了解、学习学术词汇。
academic
学术的
辨析damage, destroy, ruin
damage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。
[U] 损害；损坏；损失 harm or injury caused
when sth is broken or spoiled：
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.
do / cause damage to
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. 2008 全国
[C] [复数] 损害赔偿金：
He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000.
damage n
■ 损害；损坏：(名词动化）
Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
侧重 “损”，可修复
damage vt
毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists：
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
destroy vt
消灭；杀死：
The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.
侧重 “毁”，无法修复
destroy = de- (down) + struere (build)
破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑
“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？
The rain ruined my hair.
头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。
在这里，理解英语释义也很重要。
◆ destroy: to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists
◆ ruin: to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.
糟蹋；(完全地) 毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.：
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
使破产 to make sb lose all his / her money：
If she loses the court case it will ruin her.
n
[U] 毁灭；破产：
the ruin of civilization
financial ruin
[C] [常用复数] 废墟；遗迹；残余：
the ruins of Rome
ruin vt
in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
文化拓展
意大利的古罗马废墟 (the ruins of Rome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。
这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。
小结
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage, destroy和ruin。
◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；
◆ destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；
◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。
头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
skip v
vi 跳；跳过：
skip over the fence
She watched her little granddaughter skip down the path.
vi & vt 跳（绳）(AmE jump rope)：
vi & vt 略过；遗漏 to miss the next thing that you would normally read, do, etc.：
I skipped over the last part of the book.
skip 的词源义和基本义是“跳（过）” (spring lightly, jump over)。
skip 词源解读
vt［非正式用语］不做（应做的事等）；不参加 to not do sth that you usually do or should do (miss)：
If you skip meals, you don’t get enough calories, and then you feel tired.
She decided to skip the afternoon’s class.
skip a grade
n [C] 蹦跳
skip 语义网络图
skip
跳（过）
基本义
“跳”绳子
“跳过”应做的事等
进行“跳”的动作
不做（应做的事等）；不参加
跳；跳过
跳（绳）
“跳过”要读的部分等
略过；遗漏
element
element n [C]
要素；基本部分：
Sugar is not an important element in bread, but flour is essential.
Honesty is a vital element of her success.
（化学） 元素
［复数］［与the连用］恶劣天气：
As a nature photographer, I have to brave the elements.
相隔地；相距地：
The buildings stood several miles apart.
Our birthdays are exactly a month apart.
分开地；分离：
He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town. 2013 全国
I can’t tell the twins apart.
零散地；成碎片地：
Rod loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. 2012 辽宁改
I’m sorry, the cup just came apart in my hands.
词源解读：a- (to 到) + part (a side 边) → 到另一边 → 分开地
apart adv
apart from
除……外 (别无)；若不：
Apart from them, I had no one to talk to.
除……外 (尚有)：
Apart from being the kingdom of flowers, Yunnan province is home to many ethnic minority groups. 人教新必修③ – 3
be worlds apart 完全不同；截然不同：
Their experience of life is worlds apart. 2012 天津
fall apart 散架；瓦解：
I think this old chair is falling apart.
The deal fell apart when we failed to agree on a price.
average
如果对自己的英语水平做个评价，你的英语水平如何？
Excellent Very good Good Fairly good 还是 Average 或者 Below average
如果说你的水平中等偏上，该怎么表达？
average 词源
average 源自阿拉伯语 awariya (损坏的货物)。在海运活动中，当船只遇到恶劣天气等危险，往往会抛弃一部分货物以减轻载重，避免船只倾覆。average 原本指的就是这种海运货物损失。海损由相关各方平均分摊，这在古代西方已经形成惯例。average 在17世纪时引申出“平均分摊”之意，又从中引申出“平均的”、“普通的”之意。
average
■ n [C] & [U]
平均；平均数：
The average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7.
I spend an average of about $200 a year on books.
一般水平；平均标准：
below / above average
the national average
on average 平均；一般地：
On average we have five classes a day.
Women, on average, live longer. 2016 四川
■ adj [无比较级]
[只用于名词前] 平均的：
The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. 2018 全国
中等的；适中的 normal or typical：
children of average intelligence
He was in his late twenties and of average height.
平常的；普遍的 not special; ordinary：
Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. 2017 全国
■ vt [不用于被动语态] 平均为
正常的；平常的 typical, usual or expected：
normal working hours / a normal life
it is normal (for sb) to do sth:
It’s normal for students to feel nervous before an exam.
智力正常的；精神健全的 反 abnormal：
normal n
[U] 正常状态 / 水平 / 数量等：
above / below normal
go back / return to normal：
The crisis has passed and life will go back to normal soon.
normal adj
norm-（正规 、常规）+ -al（形容词后缀）→ 常规的 → 正常的
同族词：normal, abnormal, abnormally, normally
通常；平常 usually：
We do not normally look into someone’s eyes for long.
正常地 反 abnormally：
When we’re happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. 2008 湖南改
normally adv
common 侧重表示普遍的、常见的。
Heart disease is one of the commonest causes of death.
normal 侧重指正常的、平常的。
A normal working week is 40 hours.
usual 表示由于长时间没有变化而形成了一种习惯或制度，强调习惯性。
I’ll meet you at the usual time.
ordinary 侧重表示平常、平凡、无奇特之处，形容人时可与common通用。
Her paintings describe the lives of ordinary people in the last
century.
辨析 common, normal, usual, ordinary
合成名词
用方框中上下两行词构成合成名词，并用正确形式完成下列词块。
check, work, set, start, break, cut, take
out, away, through, up, off , back
1. 完整的训练 a complete _____________
2. 超市收银台 the supermarket _____________ counter
3. 新兴互联网公司 an Internet _____________
4. 软件安装 the _____________ of the software
5. 取得突破性进展 achieve a(n) _____________
6. 起飞速度 _____________ speed
7. 裁员 make _____________ in staff
8. 点外卖 order a(n) _____________
workout
checkout
takeaway
set-up
breakthrough
takeoff
cutbacks
start-up
近代英语中有大量的合成名词，其中有一类是通过短语动词（动词 + 介 / 副词）转化而来的。这类合成名词的词义与其相对应的短语动词的词义相关，因此学习时要借助这些短语动词来帮助理解和记忆。
合成形容词
用方框中上下两行词构成合成形容词，并用正确形式完成下列词块。
best, out, hard, easy, on, ordinary, up
go, stand, sell, look, lift, work
1. 杰出的运动员 a(n) _____________ player
2. 外向的性格 a(n) ___________ personality
3. 畅销小说 a(n) ____________ novel
4. 勤奋的学生 ______________ students
5. 长相普通的人 a(n) _______________ man
6. 持续的辩论 a(n) ___________ debate
7. 随和的老师 a(n) ____________ teacher
8. 令人振奋的演说 a(n) ___________ speech
outstanding
outgoing
uplifting
hard-working
ordinary-looking
ongoing
easy-going
best-selling
“形容词 / 副词 + 动词-ing”可构成合成形容词。“形容词 + 动词-ing”类合成形容词实际上是
由系表结构转化而来的；“副词 + 动词-ing”类复合形容词往往是由“不及物动词 + 副词”转化而
来的。
本单元金句汇总
1. Thieves had forced an entry into the building.
2. Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
3. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
4. She decided to skip the afternoon’s class.
5. Apart from being the kingdom of flowers, Yunnan province is home to many ethnic minority groups. 人教新必修③ – 3
6. On average we have five classes a day.
7. It’s normal for students to feel nervous before an exam.
随堂检测
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. She made her entry to the sound of thunderous applause.
___________
2. I will wait you at the entry to the park.
___________
3. They’ve updated a lot of the entries in the most recent edition of the dictionary. ___________
4. There have been a fantastic number of entries for this year’s poetry competition. ___________
走进来
入口
条目
参赛作品
entry
academic
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
____________ 1. The university is composed of five academic schools.
____________ 2. The meeting was chaired by a leading Japanese academic.
____________ 3. We need to develop bridges between academic research and practice.
____________ 4. He graduated from an academy of music in his early days.
____________ 5. The lecture was given under the auspices（主办）of the Academy of Sciences.
学院的
学者
学术的
音乐学院
科学院
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall.
2. The building was completely ______________ by fire.
3. It poured with rain and my dress got ______________
4. This illnesss has _____________ my life.
5. Ninety percent of their island was _____________ and they had nothing. (2012 山东)
6. The homeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
ruin damage destroy
damaged
destroyed
ruined
ruined
destroyed
destroyed
damage, destroy, ruin
1. The bad weather __________________（毁了我们的旅行）.
2. A large number of churches ______________________（毁坏）after the revolution. (ruin n)
3. The town ___________________（沦为废墟）after years of bombing.
二、根据所给汉语及提示完成下列句子。
fell into / went to ruin
was / lay in ruins
ruined our trip
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. She skipped happily along beside me. ___________
2. She likes to skip rope as a warm-up. ___________
3. I often skip breakfast altogether. ___________
4. You can skip the next chapter if you have covered the topic in the class. ___________
蹦蹦跳跳地走
跳（绳）
不吃早饭
跳过
skip
element
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Confidence, as we all know, is a very important element in learning to speak English.（2013 湖南） ________
2. Are we going to brave the elements and go for a walk
________
3. Gold, oxygen and carbon are all elements. ________
要素
冒着风雨
元素
1. But on a January night in 2009, Inky did something that would ____________________ (使她有别于) ordinary cats forever. (2012 辽宁)
2. Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan ____________________ (破裂). (2011 山东改)
3. ____________________ (除了) good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. (2011 福建)
set her apart from
根据所给汉语，用apart的词块完成下列句子。
fell apart
apart
Apart from
一、根据句意，选出 average 的最佳释义。
平均的 中等的；适中的 平常的；普遍的
1. Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. (2016 江苏) __________
2. As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. (2016 天津) __________
3. Only one in six children whose parents were of average weight became overweight. __________



average
二、根据句意，用适当的介词填空。
1. He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects. (2011 天津)
2. Tea is the British national drink. Every man, woman, and child over ten years of age has _________ average over four cups a day. (2015 全国)
3. The library now gets an average _________ five visits a day. (2013 湖南)
above
on
of
一、从方框中选出适当的单词填空。
1. “Smith” is a very _____________ name in Britain.
2. The temperature was below ___________ for the time of year.
3. The library is open for business as ___________ despite the snowstorm.
4. With her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a _______ teenage life. （2019 北京）
5. Readers of the magazine said they wanted more stories about _________ people and fewer stories about the rich and famous.
ordinary / common
usual
common
normal
common, normal, usual, ordinary
normal
normal
二、根据所给汉语，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 运动会终于结束了，一切似乎恢复了正常。（2010 浙江改）
The sports meeting finally ended and things seemed to ____________________________.
2. 小孩子有时调皮捣蛋是正常的。(it’s normal for sb to do sth, misbehave)
______________________________________________
3. 我通常早上7点钟出门。(normally)
______________________________________________
get back to / return to normal
It’s normal for young children to misbehave sometimes.
I normally leave the house at 7 o’clock. / Normally I leave the house at 7 o’clock.
谢
谢
观
赏