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福建省宁德市一中2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解（共11小题，每题2.5分, 满分27.5分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读理解
If you are planning to start a career in the field of education, science, or culture, then an internship (实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.
Who can apply
You have completed your full-time university studies; or.
You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.
What are the requirements
You must be at least 20 years old.
You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French.
You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.
You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.
You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.
What do you need to prepare
Visa: You should obtain the necessary visas.
Travel: You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.
Medical insurance: You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid (有效的) in the target country for the entire period of the internship. UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30, 000 for the internship period.
Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.
Motivation letter: You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.
Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months. We do not respond to every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager. If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful.
1．According to this passage, applicants are required to________.
A．hold a master's degree in science
B．have international work experience
C．be fluent in either English or French
D．present a letter from a technical institution
2．What will UNESCO provide for the internship period
A．Limited medical insurance coverage. B．Training in communication skills.
C．A medical certificate for work. D．Financial support for travel.
3．What should applicants do before filling out the application form
A．Contact UNESCO managers. B．Get access to the database.
C．Keep a motivation letter at hand. D．Work in a team for six months.
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．C
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了联合国教科文组织的实习项目。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据What are the requirements？部分中的“You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French”你应该精通英语或法语，可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语，故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据What do you need to prepare？部分中的“UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period”联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3万美元的有限保险，可知，教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险，故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.”在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信，可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将动机信放在手边，故选C。
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读理解
In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil (化石) on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home. She carefully arranged the skeleton(骨架) on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. The creature's neck was a meter long-more than half the length of its body. It was unlike any animal living on Earth.
Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual fossils. Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in. debt, so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors. At 12, she made her first major discovery—a crocodile-like skull(头骨) with a long skeleton. It turned out to be a sea creature that lived long ago. Named ichthyosaur, or "fish-lizard", it was the first extinct animal known to science.
Fossil hunting brought in money, but it was a dangerous job. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. Despite the dangers, she continued to look for mew finds The long-necked fossil she unearthed in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile(爬行动物). Known as a plesiosaur, it would inspire legends—including that of the Loch Ness Monster.
Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter; she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she wasn't widely recognized in the scientific community. Only one of her scientific writings got published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was also not allowed to join London's Geological Society, as membership was only available to men.
Mary Anning died in 1847, but her contributions have not been forgotten. Her finds are now displayed in museums in London and Paris. The beach near her home is a UNFSCO World Heritage Site, known as the Jurassic Coast. Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders. According to Britain's Natural History Museum, Mary Anning was "tho greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known".
4．The first paragraph is written to_________.
A．stress the hard work Mary Anning carried out
B．prove the uniqueness of Mary Anning; s finds
C．introduce the readers to Mary Anning; s story
D．show the importance of Mary Anning; s discovery
5．What can be known about Mary Anning's fossil hunting experience
A．Her main purpose was to make scientific contributions.
B．She found it hard to make ends meet as a fossil hunter.
C．She made her first major discovery in 1823.
D．She had a narrow escape from a rock fall.
6．Which of the following would the author probably agree with
A．Mary Anning deserved more credit.
B．More people should join in fossil hunting.
C．The Jurassic Coast is in need of protection.
D．Mary Anning is the greatest scientist in the world.
7．How is the passage mainly developed
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By following the order of importance.
【答案】4．C
5．D
6．A
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了伟大的化石采集者玛丽·安宁的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil (化石) on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home.She carefully arranged the skeleton(骨架) on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. ”1823年，一位年轻女子在英格兰莱姆里吉斯附近的海滩上发现了一块奇怪的化石。她把骨头挖出来，让人抬回家。她仔细地把骷髅放在桌子上。然后她看到了一些不寻常的事情。可知，本段点出时间、地点和人物，并介绍了事件的起因、经过和结果，所以本段是为了向读者介绍玛丽·安宁的故事。故选C。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Fossil hunting brought in money, but it was a dangerous job. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. ”化石采集带来了收入，但这是一项危险的工作。一天，一场落石砸死了她的狗，差点把玛丽埋了。可知，在化石搜寻经历中，她从岩崩中死里逃生。故选D。
6．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter; she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she wasn’t widely recognized in the scientific community. ”玛丽不仅是一个熟练的化石采集者；她还仔细检查并记录了她的发现。然而，她在科学界并没有得到广泛认可。可推知，作者认为玛丽·安宁应该得到更多的赞扬。故选A。
7．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual fossils.”甚至在很小的时候，玛丽·安宁就有发现不寻常化石的天赋；“At 12, she made her first major discovery—a crocodile-like skull(头骨) with a long skeleton.”12岁时，她有了第一个重大发现——一个长骨架的鳄鱼状头骨；第三段中的“ The long-necked fossil she unearthed in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile(爬行动物). ”她在1823年发掘出的长颈化石是另一种死去已久的海洋爬行动物；以及最后一段中的“Mary Anning died in 1847, but her contributions have not been forgotten. ”玛丽·安宁于1847年去世，但她的贡献并未被遗忘。可知，这篇文章主要是按照时间顺序展开的。故选C。
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读理解
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200
Languages: the Americas about 1, 000, Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150). Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
8．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times
A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patters. D．They were closely connected
9．Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？
A．Complex. B．Advanced. C．Powerful. D．Modern.
10．How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present
A．About 6, 800. B．About 3, 400.
C．About 2, 400. D．About 1, 200.
11．What is the main idea of the text
A．New languages will be created.
B．Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
【答案】8．B
9．C
10．B
11．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式……当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。可推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。可推知dominant languages意为“强有力的语言”。故选C。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”目前，世界上大约有6800种语言；以及第三段中的“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. ”讲语言的人数中位数仅为6000人，这意味着世界上一半的语言使用者少于这个数字。可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选B。
11．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.”几千年来，语言一直在来来往往，但最近来的更少，去的更多。可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.
12． Try the following steps:
Calm yourself. 13． You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.
Don't wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. 14． Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender (冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
15． If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.
Don't forget to forgive yourself. 16． But it can rob you of your self- confidence if you don't do it.
A. Why should you forgive
B. How should you start to forgive
C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
D. Try to see things from your offender's angle (角度).
E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a long time.
G. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.
【答案】12．B；13．G；14．F；15．D；16．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们宽恕他人的方法和途径。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
12．根据空前“To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.”原谅是一种美德，但从来没有人说过这很容易。当有人深深地伤害了你时，你很难放下仇恨。然而，宽恕是可能的，它对你的身心健康有着惊人的好处。根据最近的一项研究，宽恕的人表现出更少的悲伤、愤怒和压力，更多的是希望；以及空后“Try the following steps”接下来是提的建议，此处是问 B. How should you start to forgive “应该怎样原谅他人呢？”之类的话。起承上启下的作用，故选B。
13．根据空前“Calm yourself”要冷静；以及空后“take a couple of breaths”深呼吸，可知，这里讲的是，要学会舒缓愤怒，让自己平静下来。G. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.“让愤怒逐渐消散，尝试一个简单的压力管理技巧”，符合语境，故选G。
14．根据空前“Don't wait for an apology.”不能等待他人的原谅，F. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a long time.“如果等他人来道歉，你可能会等相当长的时间”，符合语境，F项与wait for有关，故选F。
15．根据空后“If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love.”如果你理解惹怒你的人，你可能会意识到他是无意伤害你的，应该站在对方的角度考虑一下。D. Try to see things from your offender's angle.“试着站在对方的角度思考问题。”，符合语境，故选D。
16．根据空前“Don't forget to forgive yourself.”别忘了原谅自己；以及空后“ But it can rob you of your self- confidence if you don't do it. ”但如果你不这样做，它会剥夺你的自信。可知，最后一段说的是，要学会自我原谅，E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.“对一些人来说，原谅他们自己是最大的挑战”符合语境。故选E。
三、完形填空（共15题，每题1分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）完形填空
A week ago, my daughter said, "Mom, I don't think I'm very athletic."
I've observed her in various sports, and she is just like me: two left feet. But even knowing it, my first instinct (本能) was to snow her with some 17． "Oh, you're actually good at sports!"
I held back, however, and after thinking twice, I told her the 18． : "No, you're kind of not."
And I could see it hurt a bit. So I 19． : "Dear, everyone may have a natural talent for something. Like you and 20． : You're a 5th grader and read Charles Dickens. But we also have things we are not 21． . If we want to reach a satisfactory level at those things, we have to 22． twice the effort and if we want to 23． we need to try even harder. "
She was nodding. She totally 24． it. Why Because it's the truth. Sometimes I wonder why we run around telling our kids some rubbish that don't even 25． when they can actually accept the truth. Besides, when they realize we are lying, we 26． our credibility.
I want my kids to have a 27． understanding of themselves so they won't be 28． when things get tough. They can be Olympians, but nobody is going to band it to them and 29． may work against them. They will understand that many things 30． a nearly huge amount of WORK. They can't just expect something to happen. They 31． it happen.
17．A．sense B．advice C．rubbish D．love
18．A．idea B．truth C．news D．lie
19．A．replied B．added C．commented D．repeated
20．A．learning B．speaking C．reading D．writing
21．A．fond of B．amazed at C．good at D．interested in
22．A．put in B．put away C．put up D．put off
23．A．improve B．excel C．pass D．continue
24．A．got B．forgot C．made D．did
25．A．take place B．get around C．come along D．make sense
26．A．develop B．damage C．ignore D．value
27．A．heart-felt B．hot-headed C．right-sized D．good-natured
28．A．tired B．shocked C．excited D．inspired
29．A．nature B．time C．history D．experience
30．A．perform B．increase C．require D．change
31．A．watch B．let C．help D．make
【答案】17．C；18．B；19．B；20．C；21．C；22．A；23．B；24．A；25．D；26．B；27．C；28．B；29．A；30．C；31．D
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在女儿表示自己不擅长运动时，告诉了她实情，并同时帮助女儿理解这样一个道理：我们每个人都有自己擅长和不擅长的事情，所以需要加倍努力去实现那些不擅长的事情。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．句意：但即使知道这一点，我的本能还是用一些假话骗她，“哦，你真的很擅长运动！”A.sense“感觉，领悟”； B.advice“建议”； C.rubbish “垃圾，废话”；D.love“爱”。根据妈妈说的话可知，尽管知道女儿真的不擅长运动，但还是要用一些善意的谎言骗她。下文“telling our kids some rubbish”中的rubbish是词义复现。故选C。
18．句意：然而，我忍住了，在三思后，我告诉她：“不，你是有点不擅长运动。”A.idea“想法，主意”； B.truth“事实，真相”； C.news“新闻，消息”； D.lie“谎言”。由 however 表转折可知，妈妈虽然直觉是骗女儿，但在思考之后，决定告诉女儿实情。故选B。
19．句意：所以我补充到：“亲爱的，每个人都可能对某件事有天赋。”A.replied“回复”； B.added“加，补充”； C.commented“评论” ； D.repeated“重复”。根据上文“And I could see it hurt a bit.”可知，妈妈意识到说实话女儿受到了伤害，所以补充到，虽然不擅长运动，但在别的方面有天赋。故选B。
20．句意：比如你和阅读：你是一名五年级学生，读过查尔斯·狄更斯。A.learning“学习”； B.speaking“演讲”； C.reading“阅读”； D.writing“写作”。根据空后“read Charles Dickens”可知，这里是指女儿的天赋是阅读，只有五年级，已经开始读查尔斯·狄更斯的作品了。故选C。
21．句意：但我们也有我们不擅长的东西。A.fond of “喜欢”；B.amazed at “惊讶”；C.good at“擅长”； D.interested in“感兴趣”。根据上文，女儿擅长阅读可知，But表示转折，女儿也会有不擅长的东西。故选C。
22．句意：“如果我们想在这些事情上达到令人满意的水平，我们必须投入两倍努力，如果我们想要胜过别人，我们需要更加努力。”A.put in“实行，花费”；B. put away“拿开，收好”；C. put up“提供，举起”； D.put off“摆脱，延期”。根据上文妈妈说也会有不擅长的东西，而对于不擅长的东西就需要付出加倍的努力，才能达到令人满意的水平。故选A。
23．句意：“如果我们想在这些事情上达到令人满意的水平，我们必须投入两倍努力，如果我们想要胜过别人，我们需要更加努力。”A.improve“提高”； B.excel “优于，擅长”；C.pass “超过”；D.continue“继续”。根据空后“even harder”可知，要更加努力才能胜过别人。故选B。
24．句意：她完全理解了。A.got“得到，获得”；B. forgot“忘记”； C.made “使得”；D.did“做”。根据上文“She was nodding”和下文Because it's the truth. 可知，女儿因为理解了妈妈说的话，所以一直在点头表示认可，即她理解了这个道理。get it固定短语，“明白了”。故选A。
25．句意：有时我想知道为什么我们跑来跑去告诉我们的孩子一些压根讲不通的废话，即使他们实际上可以接受事实。A.take place“发生”； B.get around“到处走走，说服”；C.come along“陪伴，一起来”； D.make sense“讲得通，有意义”。根据空前rubbish可知，是讲不通的一些废话，和后文的truth相对。故选D。
26．句意：此外，当他们意识到我们在撒谎时，我们就会破坏我们的可信度。A.develop “发展”；B.damage “损坏，破坏”；C.ignore“忽略，忽视”； D.value“估价”。根据空前“realize we are lying”可知，孩子们得知父母字啊欺骗自己后，信任值就会降低。故选B。
27．句意：我希望我的孩子对自己有准确的了解，这样他们就不会在事情变得艰难时感到震惊。A.heart-felt“衷心的，诚挚的”； B.hot-headed “急躁的，鲁莽的”；C.right-sized“大小合适的”； D.good-natured“和蔼的，和善的”。根据上文妈妈觉得要告诉孩子真相，是希望孩子能正确的认识自己，不要自满也不要自卑。故选C。
28．句意：我希望我的孩子对自己有准确的了解，这样他们就不会在事情变得艰难时感到震惊。A.tired “疲惫的”；B.shocked“吃惊的，震惊的”；C. excited“兴奋地，激动地”；D. inspired“有灵感的，受鼓舞的”。根据下文“but nobody is going to band it to them”可知，让孩子能准确认识自己是为了让他们在遇到困难时有心理准备，不至于震惊然后受到伤害。故选B。
29．句意：他们可以是奥运选手，但没有人会和他们在一起，可能自然也会与他们作对。A.nature“自然”；B. time“时间”；C. history“历史”； D.experience“经验”。根据空前“Olympians”可知，孩子们遇到的困难可能是没人愿意做队友，也可能来自环境，大自然也与他们作对。故选A。
30．句意：他们会明白，很多事情要求大量的工作。A.perform “执行，完成”； B.increase“增加”； C.require“要求”； D.change“改变”。根据上文和常识可知，完成一项事情是需要付出努力的，这就需要花费大量的精力去实现。故选C。
31．句意：他们让它发生。A.watch “看”；B.let“ 让，使”；C.help“帮助”；D. make“做，使得”。根据上文“They can’t just expect something to happen.”可知，不能只期待某事发生，而要用实际行动将其变为现实。make it happen固定短语，“使成为现实”。故选D。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Earthquakes are quite common. In fact, thousands of earthquakes are happening almost at every moment. However, most of 32． (they) are too weak to feel. During a big earthquake, there is often a big noise first. Then the earth shakes
33． (terrible) and many houses fall down. As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world, the earthquake often result 34． many people being injured or killed. In 2008, a terrible earthquake 35． (strike) China's Sichuan Province, causing severe casualties.
Besides the great damage and deaths 36． (cause) by the earthquake, other accidents such as fires often follow. More buildings may be damaged and more injuries may be caused. For 37． (century), people have been making studies of earthquakes. About 2, 000 years ago, for example, 38． Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng invented a machine 39． could find out the direction where, the earthquake waves came.
With the rapid 40． (develop) of modern science and technology, we now know a lot more about earthquakes. However, it is still difficult for scientists 41． (predict) exactly when and where the earthquake will happen, and can't stop it from happening.
【答案】32．them；33．terribly；34．in；35．struck；36．caused；37．centuries；38．a；39．which/that；40．development；41．to predict
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍世界上最致命的自然灾害之一——地震，和它给人们带来的灾难以及为预防地震科学家所付出的努力。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及代词，副词，介词，时态，非谓语动词，名词，冠词，定语从句，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
32．句意：然而，他们中的大多数人太弱了，感觉不到。介词of后面用代词宾格，此处指“他们中的大多数”，在句中作主语。故填them。
33．句意：然后，大地可怕地震动，许多房屋倒塌。句中shakes是谓语动词，由副词修饰，所给词terrible是形容词，其副词是terribly。故填terribly
34．句意：作为世界上最致命的自然灾害之一，地震经常导致许多人受伤或死亡。result in固定短语，“导致，结果是”。故填in。
35．句意：在2008年，一场可怕的地震袭击了中国四川省，造成严重的人员伤亡。此处谓语动词，根据In 2008,可知，应用一般过去时，故填struck。
36．句意：除了地震造成的巨大破坏和死亡，其他事故如火灾经常随之而来。句中the great damage and deaths和动词cause之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。
37．句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直在研究地震。所给词century是可数名词，这里指“几个世纪”，所以用名词复数。故填centuries。
38．例如，大约2000年前，一位名叫张衡的中国科学家发明了一种机器，这种机器可以知道地震波来的方向。这里表示泛指，Chinese是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a表示“一位名叫张衡的中国科学家”。故填a。
39．句意：例如，大约2000年前，一位名叫张衡的中国科学家发明了一种机器，这种机器可以知道地震波来的方向。此处machine作先行词，指物，在后面的限定性定语从句中作主语，由关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
40．句意：随着现代科学技术的快速发展，我们现在对地震有了更多的了解。句中rapid是形容词，修饰名词，所给词develop是动词，其名词是development。故填development。
41．句意：然而，对科学家来说，准确预测地震发生的时间和地点，并不能阻止它的发生仍然是困难的。句中it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正在的主语。故填to predict。
五、短语填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）选择适当的短语并用正确的形式补全句子，使句子完整。（其中有2项是多余的）
give way to keep balance get around watch over fall apart depend on take part in
42．Right now. The kangaroos by many volunteers.
43．There comes a time when the old must the new.
44．Whether we can go for a picnic this Sunday the weather at that time.
45．Diana had a workable plan to pay for college for her twins, but then her husband became unemployed, and the plan .
46．He an important race across the Atlantic the other day.
【答案】42．are being watched over
43．give way to
44．depends on
45．fell apart
46．took part in
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】 give way to 动词短语，“让路，让位于”； keep balance 动词短语，“保持平衡”； get around动词短语，“到处传播”； watch over动词短语，“看守，照看” ； fall apart “崩塌，崩溃，瓦解” ；depend on 动词短语，“依靠”；take part in“参加”。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的短语，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
42．句意：此刻，马上许多志愿者正在照看袋鼠。watch over动词短语，“看守，照看”，是谓语动词，与主语 The kangaroos 是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合时间状语 Right now ，应用现在进行时，故填 are being watched over 。
43．句意：总有一天，旧的必须让位于新的。give way to 动词短语，“让路，让位于”，must后接动词原形，故填 give way to 。
44．句意：这个星期天我们能否去野餐取决于当时的天气。depend on 动词短语，“依靠”，此处是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，故填 depends on 。
45．句意： Diana 有一个可行的计划来支付双胞胎的大学学费，但后来她的丈夫失业了，这个计划失败了。fall apart “崩塌，崩溃，瓦解” ，此处是谓语动词，结合 but then her husband became unemployed 的时态，应用一般过去时，故填 fell apart 。
46．句意：前几天，他参加了一场穿越大西洋的重要比赛。take part in“参加”，此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语 the other day ，应用一般过去时，故填 took part in 。
六、单词拼写，根据首字母或所给的汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。（写出单词的完整形式）
47．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to d food and supplies.
【答案】deliver
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送粮食和物资变得困难。根据句意和首字母，应用 deliver “运送”，此处不定式作宾语，故填 deliver 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作宾语。
48．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）As China plays a greater role in g affairs, more and more international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history.
【答案】global
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始欣赏中国的文化和历史。根据句意和首字母，应用 global “全球的”，形容词，此处修饰名词 affairs ，作定语，故填 global 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
49．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）Symbols were c on animal bones and shells by ancient Chinese people.
【答案】carved
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：古代中国人在动物的骨骼和外壳上雕刻了符号。根据句意和首字母，应用 carve “雕刻”，与助动词were，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 carved 。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态。
50．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）Only when we learn to exist in h with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and our planet.
【答案】harmony
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能停止对野生动物和地球的威胁。根据句意和首字母，应用 harmony ，“和谐”，in harmony with固定短语，“与.....和谐相处”，故填 harmony 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语in harmony with。
51．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）Does the writer give a clear (描述) of the problem
【答案】description
【知识点】固定短语；可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：作者对这个问题有明确的描述吗？“ 描述 ”应用 description ，give a clear description of 固定短语，“给......清晰的描述”，故填 description 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语give a clear description of 。
七、书面表达（40分）
52．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择："长江之行"或者 "泰山之旅"。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1）你推荐的线路；2）你的理由；3）你的祝愿。
2）可适当添加细节，使行文连贯 3）如书写较差影响理解，降一个档次给分。
注意：字数在 100 左右
参考词
长江: the Yangtze River
泰山 Mount Tai
【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're going on a trip to China organized by your school. I'd like to offer you some advice on the two tour routes you've been given, which may help you a little.
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
Hope you'll have a good time in China.
Yours
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生回一封信 。写作背景： 你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择："长江之行"或者 "泰山之旅"。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）你推荐的线路；2）你的理由；3）你的祝愿。2）可适当添加细节，使行文连贯 3）如书写较差影响理解，降一个档次给分。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're going on a trip to China organized by your school.运用了不定式作原因状语，宾语从句； I'd like to offer you some advice on the two tour routes you've been given, which may help you a little.运用了限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句；Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended.运用了被动语态；Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. 运用了同位语； That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.运用了表语从句，宾语从句；Hope you'll have a good time in China.运用了宾语从句。
53．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Several years ago, I was living in New York and working for an airline, so I never got back home for Christmas. My Christmas was happy too with some other colleagues around. But in my heart, I was sad because I couldn't stay with my family. Sometimes my colleagues would say our Christmas was filled with tears. But this Christmas was different. I was lucky. I had the whole day off, which meant I could stay with my family on Christmas Eve. When Christmas morning came, I awoke to a small hand feeling my face. "Dad, Merry Christmas!" was all my younger son had time to say. He seemed to be racing against time. I knew he was hunting for gifts with his brother eagerly. I got downstairs just to see the two little boys' faces as they looked at the pocket rockets Santa Claus had left them. I realized that the real Christmas was for the children who had deep belief in the amazing power of Santa Claus. At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys. When their inspection (检阅) had been completed, the two boys ensured that the gifts were really delivered by Santa Claus and they pulled everything into the center of the living room.
Delight flooded the room. As their mother began giving out gifts, I smiled to myself, wondering how my unexpected gifts this year would be received. With so many Christmas spent outside, I had prepared so many gifts for my children and together with my wife I hid them in several secret places. But the children were excellent detectives (侦探) and they found all of them. They were happily opening packages, thanking considerate Santa Claus for his kindness and ability to know their desires. But I had not received a single one. I knew they had forgotten my existence (存在), for I hadn't been with them during Christmas these years.
注意：
1）所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2）续写部分分为两段，可适当补充细节，使情节完整；
3）每段的开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Paragraph 1:
I had to say that my disappointment was growing little by little.
Paragraph 2:
Suddenly my wife walked up to me.
【答案】 I had to say that my disappointment was growing little by little. I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to admire his gift which he deeply believed was carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them. I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.
Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I think she was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me. I opened it and saw a letter which read "We will never forget you. Merry Christmas!" Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight. I was moved to tears.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，作者因为工作原因很多年没有回家陪家人一起过圣诞节，自己感觉到很伤心，但是今年很幸运有机会陪家人一起过，自己收到了家人的礼物，并且家人没有责怪自己因为工作而没有陪他们过圣诞节。1.段落续写①由第一段首句内容"我不得不说，我的失望一点点增加了"可知，第一段可描写作者渴望得到礼物的心理和与孩子的互动过程。②由第二段首句内容"突然，我妻子向我走来。她似乎已经猜到了我的感受。"可知，第二段可描写妻子给作者准备了一份惊喜礼物，作者很受感动。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. 运用了宾语从句，非限制性定语从句，时间状语从句；He asked me to admire his gift which he deeply believed was carefully chosen by Santa Claus.运用了限制性定语从句，时间状语从句； He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them.运用了宾语从句； I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.运用了现在分词作状语；It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. 运用了表语从句，宾语从句；She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. 运用了限制性定语从句；I think she was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me. 运用了宾语从句，转折并列句；I opened it and saw a letter which read "We will never forget you. Merry Christmas!" 运用了限制性定语从句；Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight. 运用了限制性定语从句。
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福建省宁德市一中2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解（共11小题，每题2.5分, 满分27.5分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读理解
If you are planning to start a career in the field of education, science, or culture, then an internship (实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.
Who can apply
You have completed your full-time university studies; or.
You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.
What are the requirements
You must be at least 20 years old.
You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French.
You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.
You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.
You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.
What do you need to prepare
Visa: You should obtain the necessary visas.
Travel: You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.
Medical insurance: You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid (有效的) in the target country for the entire period of the internship. UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30, 000 for the internship period.
Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.
Motivation letter: You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.
Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months. We do not respond to every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager. If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful.
1．According to this passage, applicants are required to________.
A．hold a master's degree in science
B．have international work experience
C．be fluent in either English or French
D．present a letter from a technical institution
2．What will UNESCO provide for the internship period
A．Limited medical insurance coverage. B．Training in communication skills.
C．A medical certificate for work. D．Financial support for travel.
3．What should applicants do before filling out the application form
A．Contact UNESCO managers. B．Get access to the database.
C．Keep a motivation letter at hand. D．Work in a team for six months.
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读理解
In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil (化石) on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home. She carefully arranged the skeleton(骨架) on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. The creature's neck was a meter long-more than half the length of its body. It was unlike any animal living on Earth.
Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual fossils. Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in. debt, so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors. At 12, she made her first major discovery—a crocodile-like skull(头骨) with a long skeleton. It turned out to be a sea creature that lived long ago. Named ichthyosaur, or "fish-lizard", it was the first extinct animal known to science.
Fossil hunting brought in money, but it was a dangerous job. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. Despite the dangers, she continued to look for mew finds The long-necked fossil she unearthed in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile(爬行动物). Known as a plesiosaur, it would inspire legends—including that of the Loch Ness Monster.
Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter; she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she wasn't widely recognized in the scientific community. Only one of her scientific writings got published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was also not allowed to join London's Geological Society, as membership was only available to men.
Mary Anning died in 1847, but her contributions have not been forgotten. Her finds are now displayed in museums in London and Paris. The beach near her home is a UNFSCO World Heritage Site, known as the Jurassic Coast. Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders. According to Britain's Natural History Museum, Mary Anning was "tho greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known".
4．The first paragraph is written to_________.
A．stress the hard work Mary Anning carried out
B．prove the uniqueness of Mary Anning; s finds
C．introduce the readers to Mary Anning; s story
D．show the importance of Mary Anning; s discovery
5．What can be known about Mary Anning's fossil hunting experience
A．Her main purpose was to make scientific contributions.
B．She found it hard to make ends meet as a fossil hunter.
C．She made her first major discovery in 1823.
D．She had a narrow escape from a rock fall.
6．Which of the following would the author probably agree with
A．Mary Anning deserved more credit.
B．More people should join in fossil hunting.
C．The Jurassic Coast is in need of protection.
D．Mary Anning is the greatest scientist in the world.
7．How is the passage mainly developed
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By following the order of importance.
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读理解
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200
Languages: the Americas about 1, 000, Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150). Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
8．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times
A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patters. D．They were closely connected
9．Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？
A．Complex. B．Advanced. C．Powerful. D．Modern.
10．How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present
A．About 6, 800. B．About 3, 400.
C．About 2, 400. D．About 1, 200.
11．What is the main idea of the text
A．New languages will be created.
B．Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
二、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.
12． Try the following steps:
Calm yourself. 13． You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.
Don't wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. 14． Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender (冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
15． If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.
Don't forget to forgive yourself. 16． But it can rob you of your self- confidence if you don't do it.
A. Why should you forgive
B. How should you start to forgive
C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
D. Try to see things from your offender's angle (角度).
E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a long time.
G. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.
三、完形填空（共15题，每题1分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）完形填空
A week ago, my daughter said, "Mom, I don't think I'm very athletic."
I've observed her in various sports, and she is just like me: two left feet. But even knowing it, my first instinct (本能) was to snow her with some 17． "Oh, you're actually good at sports!"
I held back, however, and after thinking twice, I told her the 18． : "No, you're kind of not."
And I could see it hurt a bit. So I 19． : "Dear, everyone may have a natural talent for something. Like you and 20． : You're a 5th grader and read Charles Dickens. But we also have things we are not 21． . If we want to reach a satisfactory level at those things, we have to 22． twice the effort and if we want to 23． we need to try even harder. "
She was nodding. She totally 24． it. Why Because it's the truth. Sometimes I wonder why we run around telling our kids some rubbish that don't even 25． when they can actually accept the truth. Besides, when they realize we are lying, we 26． our credibility.
I want my kids to have a 27． understanding of themselves so they won't be 28． when things get tough. They can be Olympians, but nobody is going to band it to them and 29． may work against them. They will understand that many things 30． a nearly huge amount of WORK. They can't just expect something to happen. They 31． it happen.
17．A．sense B．advice C．rubbish D．love
18．A．idea B．truth C．news D．lie
19．A．replied B．added C．commented D．repeated
20．A．learning B．speaking C．reading D．writing
21．A．fond of B．amazed at C．good at D．interested in
22．A．put in B．put away C．put up D．put off
23．A．improve B．excel C．pass D．continue
24．A．got B．forgot C．made D．did
25．A．take place B．get around C．come along D．make sense
26．A．develop B．damage C．ignore D．value
27．A．heart-felt B．hot-headed C．right-sized D．good-natured
28．A．tired B．shocked C．excited D．inspired
29．A．nature B．time C．history D．experience
30．A．perform B．increase C．require D．change
31．A．watch B．let C．help D．make
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Earthquakes are quite common. In fact, thousands of earthquakes are happening almost at every moment. However, most of 32． (they) are too weak to feel. During a big earthquake, there is often a big noise first. Then the earth shakes
33． (terrible) and many houses fall down. As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world, the earthquake often result 34． many people being injured or killed. In 2008, a terrible earthquake 35． (strike) China's Sichuan Province, causing severe casualties.
Besides the great damage and deaths 36． (cause) by the earthquake, other accidents such as fires often follow. More buildings may be damaged and more injuries may be caused. For 37． (century), people have been making studies of earthquakes. About 2, 000 years ago, for example, 38． Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng invented a machine 39． could find out the direction where, the earthquake waves came.
With the rapid 40． (develop) of modern science and technology, we now know a lot more about earthquakes. However, it is still difficult for scientists 41． (predict) exactly when and where the earthquake will happen, and can't stop it from happening.
五、短语填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·宁德开学考）选择适当的短语并用正确的形式补全句子，使句子完整。（其中有2项是多余的）
give way to keep balance get around watch over fall apart depend on take part in
42．Right now. The kangaroos by many volunteers.
43．There comes a time when the old must the new.
44．Whether we can go for a picnic this Sunday the weather at that time.
45．Diana had a workable plan to pay for college for her twins, but then her husband became unemployed, and the plan .
46．He an important race across the Atlantic the other day.
六、单词拼写，根据首字母或所给的汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。（写出单词的完整形式）
47．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to d food and supplies.
48．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）As China plays a greater role in g affairs, more and more international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history.
49．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）Symbols were c on animal bones and shells by ancient Chinese people.
50．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）Only when we learn to exist in h with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and our planet.
51．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）Does the writer give a clear (描述) of the problem
七、书面表达（40分）
52．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择："长江之行"或者 "泰山之旅"。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1）你推荐的线路；2）你的理由；3）你的祝愿。
2）可适当添加细节，使行文连贯 3）如书写较差影响理解，降一个档次给分。
注意：字数在 100 左右
参考词
长江: the Yangtze River
泰山 Mount Tai
53．（2023高一下·宁德开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Several years ago, I was living in New York and working for an airline, so I never got back home for Christmas. My Christmas was happy too with some other colleagues around. But in my heart, I was sad because I couldn't stay with my family. Sometimes my colleagues would say our Christmas was filled with tears. But this Christmas was different. I was lucky. I had the whole day off, which meant I could stay with my family on Christmas Eve. When Christmas morning came, I awoke to a small hand feeling my face. "Dad, Merry Christmas!" was all my younger son had time to say. He seemed to be racing against time. I knew he was hunting for gifts with his brother eagerly. I got downstairs just to see the two little boys' faces as they looked at the pocket rockets Santa Claus had left them. I realized that the real Christmas was for the children who had deep belief in the amazing power of Santa Claus. At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys. When their inspection (检阅) had been completed, the two boys ensured that the gifts were really delivered by Santa Claus and they pulled everything into the center of the living room.
Delight flooded the room. As their mother began giving out gifts, I smiled to myself, wondering how my unexpected gifts this year would be received. With so many Christmas spent outside, I had prepared so many gifts for my children and together with my wife I hid them in several secret places. But the children were excellent detectives (侦探) and they found all of them. They were happily opening packages, thanking considerate Santa Claus for his kindness and ability to know their desires. But I had not received a single one. I knew they had forgotten my existence (存在), for I hadn't been with them during Christmas these years.
注意：
1）所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2）续写部分分为两段，可适当补充细节，使情节完整；
3）每段的开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Paragraph 1:
I had to say that my disappointment was growing little by little.
Paragraph 2:
Suddenly my wife walked up to me.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．C
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了联合国教科文组织的实习项目。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据What are the requirements？部分中的“You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French”你应该精通英语或法语，可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语，故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据What do you need to prepare？部分中的“UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period”联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3万美元的有限保险，可知，教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险，故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.”在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信，可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将动机信放在手边，故选C。
【答案】4．C
5．D
6．A
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了伟大的化石采集者玛丽·安宁的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil (化石) on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home.She carefully arranged the skeleton(骨架) on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. ”1823年，一位年轻女子在英格兰莱姆里吉斯附近的海滩上发现了一块奇怪的化石。她把骨头挖出来，让人抬回家。她仔细地把骷髅放在桌子上。然后她看到了一些不寻常的事情。可知，本段点出时间、地点和人物，并介绍了事件的起因、经过和结果，所以本段是为了向读者介绍玛丽·安宁的故事。故选C。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Fossil hunting brought in money, but it was a dangerous job. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. ”化石采集带来了收入，但这是一项危险的工作。一天，一场落石砸死了她的狗，差点把玛丽埋了。可知，在化石搜寻经历中，她从岩崩中死里逃生。故选D。
6．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter; she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she wasn’t widely recognized in the scientific community. ”玛丽不仅是一个熟练的化石采集者；她还仔细检查并记录了她的发现。然而，她在科学界并没有得到广泛认可。可推知，作者认为玛丽·安宁应该得到更多的赞扬。故选A。
7．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual fossils.”甚至在很小的时候，玛丽·安宁就有发现不寻常化石的天赋；“At 12, she made her first major discovery—a crocodile-like skull(头骨) with a long skeleton.”12岁时，她有了第一个重大发现——一个长骨架的鳄鱼状头骨；第三段中的“ The long-necked fossil she unearthed in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile(爬行动物). ”她在1823年发掘出的长颈化石是另一种死去已久的海洋爬行动物；以及最后一段中的“Mary Anning died in 1847, but her contributions have not been forgotten. ”玛丽·安宁于1847年去世，但她的贡献并未被遗忘。可知，这篇文章主要是按照时间顺序展开的。故选C。
【答案】8．B
9．C
10．B
11．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式……当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。可推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。可推知dominant languages意为“强有力的语言”。故选C。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”目前，世界上大约有6800种语言；以及第三段中的“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. ”讲语言的人数中位数仅为6000人，这意味着世界上一半的语言使用者少于这个数字。可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选B。
11．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.”几千年来，语言一直在来来往往，但最近来的更少，去的更多。可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。
【答案】12．B；13．G；14．F；15．D；16．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们宽恕他人的方法和途径。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
12．根据空前“To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.”原谅是一种美德，但从来没有人说过这很容易。当有人深深地伤害了你时，你很难放下仇恨。然而，宽恕是可能的，它对你的身心健康有着惊人的好处。根据最近的一项研究，宽恕的人表现出更少的悲伤、愤怒和压力，更多的是希望；以及空后“Try the following steps”接下来是提的建议，此处是问 B. How should you start to forgive “应该怎样原谅他人呢？”之类的话。起承上启下的作用，故选B。
13．根据空前“Calm yourself”要冷静；以及空后“take a couple of breaths”深呼吸，可知，这里讲的是，要学会舒缓愤怒，让自己平静下来。G. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.“让愤怒逐渐消散，尝试一个简单的压力管理技巧”，符合语境，故选G。
14．根据空前“Don't wait for an apology.”不能等待他人的原谅，F. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a long time.“如果等他人来道歉，你可能会等相当长的时间”，符合语境，F项与wait for有关，故选F。
15．根据空后“If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love.”如果你理解惹怒你的人，你可能会意识到他是无意伤害你的，应该站在对方的角度考虑一下。D. Try to see things from your offender's angle.“试着站在对方的角度思考问题。”，符合语境，故选D。
16．根据空前“Don't forget to forgive yourself.”别忘了原谅自己；以及空后“ But it can rob you of your self- confidence if you don't do it. ”但如果你不这样做，它会剥夺你的自信。可知，最后一段说的是，要学会自我原谅，E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.“对一些人来说，原谅他们自己是最大的挑战”符合语境。故选E。
【答案】17．C；18．B；19．B；20．C；21．C；22．A；23．B；24．A；25．D；26．B；27．C；28．B；29．A；30．C；31．D
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在女儿表示自己不擅长运动时，告诉了她实情，并同时帮助女儿理解这样一个道理：我们每个人都有自己擅长和不擅长的事情，所以需要加倍努力去实现那些不擅长的事情。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．句意：但即使知道这一点，我的本能还是用一些假话骗她，“哦，你真的很擅长运动！”A.sense“感觉，领悟”； B.advice“建议”； C.rubbish “垃圾，废话”；D.love“爱”。根据妈妈说的话可知，尽管知道女儿真的不擅长运动，但还是要用一些善意的谎言骗她。下文“telling our kids some rubbish”中的rubbish是词义复现。故选C。
18．句意：然而，我忍住了，在三思后，我告诉她：“不，你是有点不擅长运动。”A.idea“想法，主意”； B.truth“事实，真相”； C.news“新闻，消息”； D.lie“谎言”。由 however 表转折可知，妈妈虽然直觉是骗女儿，但在思考之后，决定告诉女儿实情。故选B。
19．句意：所以我补充到：“亲爱的，每个人都可能对某件事有天赋。”A.replied“回复”； B.added“加，补充”； C.commented“评论” ； D.repeated“重复”。根据上文“And I could see it hurt a bit.”可知，妈妈意识到说实话女儿受到了伤害，所以补充到，虽然不擅长运动，但在别的方面有天赋。故选B。
20．句意：比如你和阅读：你是一名五年级学生，读过查尔斯·狄更斯。A.learning“学习”； B.speaking“演讲”； C.reading“阅读”； D.writing“写作”。根据空后“read Charles Dickens”可知，这里是指女儿的天赋是阅读，只有五年级，已经开始读查尔斯·狄更斯的作品了。故选C。
21．句意：但我们也有我们不擅长的东西。A.fond of “喜欢”；B.amazed at “惊讶”；C.good at“擅长”； D.interested in“感兴趣”。根据上文，女儿擅长阅读可知，But表示转折，女儿也会有不擅长的东西。故选C。
22．句意：“如果我们想在这些事情上达到令人满意的水平，我们必须投入两倍努力，如果我们想要胜过别人，我们需要更加努力。”A.put in“实行，花费”；B. put away“拿开，收好”；C. put up“提供，举起”； D.put off“摆脱，延期”。根据上文妈妈说也会有不擅长的东西，而对于不擅长的东西就需要付出加倍的努力，才能达到令人满意的水平。故选A。
23．句意：“如果我们想在这些事情上达到令人满意的水平，我们必须投入两倍努力，如果我们想要胜过别人，我们需要更加努力。”A.improve“提高”； B.excel “优于，擅长”；C.pass “超过”；D.continue“继续”。根据空后“even harder”可知，要更加努力才能胜过别人。故选B。
24．句意：她完全理解了。A.got“得到，获得”；B. forgot“忘记”； C.made “使得”；D.did“做”。根据上文“She was nodding”和下文Because it's the truth. 可知，女儿因为理解了妈妈说的话，所以一直在点头表示认可，即她理解了这个道理。get it固定短语，“明白了”。故选A。
25．句意：有时我想知道为什么我们跑来跑去告诉我们的孩子一些压根讲不通的废话，即使他们实际上可以接受事实。A.take place“发生”； B.get around“到处走走，说服”；C.come along“陪伴，一起来”； D.make sense“讲得通，有意义”。根据空前rubbish可知，是讲不通的一些废话，和后文的truth相对。故选D。
26．句意：此外，当他们意识到我们在撒谎时，我们就会破坏我们的可信度。A.develop “发展”；B.damage “损坏，破坏”；C.ignore“忽略，忽视”； D.value“估价”。根据空前“realize we are lying”可知，孩子们得知父母字啊欺骗自己后，信任值就会降低。故选B。
27．句意：我希望我的孩子对自己有准确的了解，这样他们就不会在事情变得艰难时感到震惊。A.heart-felt“衷心的，诚挚的”； B.hot-headed “急躁的，鲁莽的”；C.right-sized“大小合适的”； D.good-natured“和蔼的，和善的”。根据上文妈妈觉得要告诉孩子真相，是希望孩子能正确的认识自己，不要自满也不要自卑。故选C。
28．句意：我希望我的孩子对自己有准确的了解，这样他们就不会在事情变得艰难时感到震惊。A.tired “疲惫的”；B.shocked“吃惊的，震惊的”；C. excited“兴奋地，激动地”；D. inspired“有灵感的，受鼓舞的”。根据下文“but nobody is going to band it to them”可知，让孩子能准确认识自己是为了让他们在遇到困难时有心理准备，不至于震惊然后受到伤害。故选B。
29．句意：他们可以是奥运选手，但没有人会和他们在一起，可能自然也会与他们作对。A.nature“自然”；B. time“时间”；C. history“历史”； D.experience“经验”。根据空前“Olympians”可知，孩子们遇到的困难可能是没人愿意做队友，也可能来自环境，大自然也与他们作对。故选A。
30．句意：他们会明白，很多事情要求大量的工作。A.perform “执行，完成”； B.increase“增加”； C.require“要求”； D.change“改变”。根据上文和常识可知，完成一项事情是需要付出努力的，这就需要花费大量的精力去实现。故选C。
31．句意：他们让它发生。A.watch “看”；B.let“ 让，使”；C.help“帮助”；D. make“做，使得”。根据上文“They can’t just expect something to happen.”可知，不能只期待某事发生，而要用实际行动将其变为现实。make it happen固定短语，“使成为现实”。故选D。
【答案】32．them；33．terribly；34．in；35．struck；36．caused；37．centuries；38．a；39．which/that；40．development；41．to predict
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍世界上最致命的自然灾害之一——地震，和它给人们带来的灾难以及为预防地震科学家所付出的努力。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及代词，副词，介词，时态，非谓语动词，名词，冠词，定语从句，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
32．句意：然而，他们中的大多数人太弱了，感觉不到。介词of后面用代词宾格，此处指“他们中的大多数”，在句中作主语。故填them。
33．句意：然后，大地可怕地震动，许多房屋倒塌。句中shakes是谓语动词，由副词修饰，所给词terrible是形容词，其副词是terribly。故填terribly
34．句意：作为世界上最致命的自然灾害之一，地震经常导致许多人受伤或死亡。result in固定短语，“导致，结果是”。故填in。
35．句意：在2008年，一场可怕的地震袭击了中国四川省，造成严重的人员伤亡。此处谓语动词，根据In 2008,可知，应用一般过去时，故填struck。
36．句意：除了地震造成的巨大破坏和死亡，其他事故如火灾经常随之而来。句中the great damage and deaths和动词cause之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。
37．句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直在研究地震。所给词century是可数名词，这里指“几个世纪”，所以用名词复数。故填centuries。
38．例如，大约2000年前，一位名叫张衡的中国科学家发明了一种机器，这种机器可以知道地震波来的方向。这里表示泛指，Chinese是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a表示“一位名叫张衡的中国科学家”。故填a。
39．句意：例如，大约2000年前，一位名叫张衡的中国科学家发明了一种机器，这种机器可以知道地震波来的方向。此处machine作先行词，指物，在后面的限定性定语从句中作主语，由关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
40．句意：随着现代科学技术的快速发展，我们现在对地震有了更多的了解。句中rapid是形容词，修饰名词，所给词develop是动词，其名词是development。故填development。
41．句意：然而，对科学家来说，准确预测地震发生的时间和地点，并不能阻止它的发生仍然是困难的。句中it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正在的主语。故填to predict。
【答案】42．are being watched over
43．give way to
44．depends on
45．fell apart
46．took part in
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】 give way to 动词短语，“让路，让位于”； keep balance 动词短语，“保持平衡”； get around动词短语，“到处传播”； watch over动词短语，“看守，照看” ； fall apart “崩塌，崩溃，瓦解” ；depend on 动词短语，“依靠”；take part in“参加”。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，根据方框内所给的短语，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
42．句意：此刻，马上许多志愿者正在照看袋鼠。watch over动词短语，“看守，照看”，是谓语动词，与主语 The kangaroos 是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合时间状语 Right now ，应用现在进行时，故填 are being watched over 。
43．句意：总有一天，旧的必须让位于新的。give way to 动词短语，“让路，让位于”，must后接动词原形，故填 give way to 。
44．句意：这个星期天我们能否去野餐取决于当时的天气。depend on 动词短语，“依靠”，此处是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，故填 depends on 。
45．句意： Diana 有一个可行的计划来支付双胞胎的大学学费，但后来她的丈夫失业了，这个计划失败了。fall apart “崩塌，崩溃，瓦解” ，此处是谓语动词，结合 but then her husband became unemployed 的时态，应用一般过去时，故填 fell apart 。
46．句意：前几天，他参加了一场穿越大西洋的重要比赛。take part in“参加”，此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语 the other day ，应用一般过去时，故填 took part in 。
47．【答案】deliver
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送粮食和物资变得困难。根据句意和首字母，应用 deliver “运送”，此处不定式作宾语，故填 deliver 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作宾语。
48．【答案】global
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始欣赏中国的文化和历史。根据句意和首字母，应用 global “全球的”，形容词，此处修饰名词 affairs ，作定语，故填 global 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
49．【答案】carved
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：古代中国人在动物的骨骼和外壳上雕刻了符号。根据句意和首字母，应用 carve “雕刻”，与助动词were，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 carved 。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态。
50．【答案】harmony
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能停止对野生动物和地球的威胁。根据句意和首字母，应用 harmony ，“和谐”，in harmony with固定短语，“与.....和谐相处”，故填 harmony 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语in harmony with。
51．【答案】description
【知识点】固定短语；可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：作者对这个问题有明确的描述吗？“ 描述 ”应用 description ，give a clear description of 固定短语，“给......清晰的描述”，故填 description 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语give a clear description of 。
52．【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're going on a trip to China organized by your school. I'd like to offer you some advice on the two tour routes you've been given, which may help you a little.
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
Hope you'll have a good time in China.
Yours
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生回一封信 。写作背景： 你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择："长江之行"或者 "泰山之旅"。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）你推荐的线路；2）你的理由；3）你的祝愿。2）可适当添加细节，使行文连贯 3）如书写较差影响理解，降一个档次给分。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're going on a trip to China organized by your school.运用了不定式作原因状语，宾语从句； I'd like to offer you some advice on the two tour routes you've been given, which may help you a little.运用了限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句；Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended.运用了被动语态；Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. 运用了同位语； That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.运用了表语从句，宾语从句；Hope you'll have a good time in China.运用了宾语从句。
53．【答案】 I had to say that my disappointment was growing little by little. I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to admire his gift which he deeply believed was carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them. I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.
Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I think she was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me. I opened it and saw a letter which read "We will never forget you. Merry Christmas!" Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight. I was moved to tears.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，作者因为工作原因很多年没有回家陪家人一起过圣诞节，自己感觉到很伤心，但是今年很幸运有机会陪家人一起过，自己收到了家人的礼物，并且家人没有责怪自己因为工作而没有陪他们过圣诞节。1.段落续写①由第一段首句内容"我不得不说，我的失望一点点增加了"可知，第一段可描写作者渴望得到礼物的心理和与孩子的互动过程。②由第二段首句内容"突然，我妻子向我走来。她似乎已经猜到了我的感受。"可知，第二段可描写妻子给作者准备了一份惊喜礼物，作者很受感动。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. 运用了宾语从句，非限制性定语从句，时间状语从句；He asked me to admire his gift which he deeply believed was carefully chosen by Santa Claus.运用了限制性定语从句，时间状语从句； He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them.运用了宾语从句； I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.运用了现在分词作状语；It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. 运用了表语从句，宾语从句；She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. 运用了限制性定语从句；I think she was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me. 运用了宾语从句，转折并列句；I opened it and saw a letter which read "We will never forget you. Merry Christmas!" 运用了限制性定语从句；Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight. 运用了限制性定语从句。
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