北师大版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 学案Unit8 Literature 单元考点突破（有答案）
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名师原创：Unit8 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. claim n．&vt. 夺取(生命)；主张；宣称；认领；索取；夺去；断言
【原句再现】
The doctor took Sue aside and claimed, “She has one chance in – let us say, ten…..” (教材P29)
【词块积累】
claim to be/do... 声称/自称做……
It is claimed that... 据称……
Sb. claim that …..声称….
make a claim 声称；断言
【精品例句】
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fighting against cancer.
科学家们称在抗癌领域取得了重大突破
Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
在过去的100年中，地震夺去了超过160万人的生命
We agree to accept all your claim.
我方同意接受贵方的所有索赔
We will see those who claim to be leaders for the peace.
我们将看到那些声称自己带来和平的领导人
It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.
据称有些医生每周工作80小时
【高考链接】
In health food stores，you'll find dozens of products that claim __ (do) wonders for your brain. (江西课改卷) (to do)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He claimed himself ___ (be) the owner of the car. (to be)
He made _____ claim that he would be elected as president of the company. (a)
2. attempt vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试
【原句再现】
Sue took some paper and a pen into Johnsy’s room and began a pen drawing, in an attempt to raise Johnsy’s spirit. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
attempted adj. 企图的，未遂的
attempt at doing sth./to do sth. 尝试或努力做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 尝试或努力做某事
at one's/the first attempt 第一次尝试
make no attempt to do sth. 不做任何尝试
【精品例句】
He didn’t attempt the last question in the examination.
在考试中，他放弃了最后一道题
In an attempt to attract more customers，they took a variety of measures.
为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施
The two friends made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.
这两个朋友试图和解但未成功
Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂
【高考链接】
A man is being questioned in relation to the ____ murder last night. (全国卷)
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He made an attempt ______ (pass) the 2019 College Entrance Examination，but he didn't succeed in the end. (to pass)
3. imagine vt. 想象; 设想；胡思乱想; 误以为；料想;认为
【原句再现】
They couldn’t imagine where he had been on such a terrible night. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
imagination n 想象; 想象力; 想象出来的事物; 幻想:
a creative/ vivid imagination创造性/生动的想象
be successful beyond imagination出乎意料地成功
imaginative adj. 富于想象力的; 爱想象的
imaginary adj.想象中的;虚构的
an imaginary world/ friend虚构的世界/假想的朋友
imagine (sb) doing sth
imagine + that / wh-从句
imagine...to be
【精品例句】
He’s letting his imagination fly.
他正展开想象
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
想象力比知识更重要
You didn’t really see anything—it was only imagination.
实际上你什么也没看到，那只不过是个幻觉而已
Can you imagine life without electricity
你能想象没有电的生活会是什么样子吗
I can’t imagine living without TV!
我无法想象没有电视的生活!
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
我几乎不能想象彼得五天之内横渡了大西洋
Try to imagine that you are all alone on a deserted island.
试着想象一下你孤身一人在荒岛上的情形
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.
我经常想象我将来的生活会是什么样子
I had imagined her to be older.
我本以为她的年龄还要大一些
【高考链接】
-- Look! He's running so fast! --Hard to ____ his legs were once broken. (山东卷)
A. know B. imagine C. realize D. find ( B )
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is difficult to imagine his _____ (accept) the decision without any consideration.
(浙江卷) (accepting)
4. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖；指望；由…决定; 取决于..:
【原句再现】
Sonseil had to keep me up, and our preservation depended on him alone. (教材P36)
【词块积累】
dependent (=reliable) adj. 依靠的，依赖的；由…决定的，反义词是independent.
dependence n. 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖
depend on/upon sb. doing sth. = depend on/upon sb. to do sth.指望某人做某事
It/That (all) depends. 那的看情况/看情况而定
depend on/upon it 毫无疑问
【精品例句】
We depend on/upon energy to do many things in our daily lives.
在日常生活中，我们做很多事都离不开能源
We depend on/upon him finishing the job this weekend.
我们指望他这个周末完成工作。
Depend on/upon it, we shall solve the problem at last
请相信，我们最终会解决这个问题。
You can depend on/upon Jane -- she always keeps her promises.
你可以信赖简，她总是信守诺言
The future of space research depends on how much money we have.
太空研究的未来取决于我们的经济实力
Success is dependent on your efforts and ability.
成功取决于你的努力和能力
【高考链接】
-- What are you going to do this weekend
--. __________. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends. (福建卷)
A. Don't mention it B. It doesn't matter C. Forget it D. It depends ( D )
The journey takes about two hours, ________on traffic. (上海卷) (depending)
If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend _____ ourselves.
(上海卷) (on/upon)
Don't always depend _____ others. You should learn to rely on yourself. (陕西卷) (on/upon)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He is his mother's _____________ (depend). (dependence)
I'll never be ___________ (depend) on anyone again. (dependent)
--How long are you staying
--I don’t know. It all _________ (dependence). (depends)
5. respond vt&vi. 回答；响应，有反应
【原句再现】
A human voice responded to ours! (教材P36)
【词块积累】
response n. 回答，反应
a quick response 迅速的答复
make no response to the question 没有对提问作答
bring/produce response 引起/产生反响
in response to…作为对….回答/反应
respond to a letter 回信
respond with a smile 报以微信
【精品例句】
When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that he remained optimistic. 当被问到公司的未来是时，经理回答说他依然乐观
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
懂得基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况做出迅速反应
The government acted in response to economic pressure.
政府为应对经济压力采取了行动
The quick recovery was truly in response to medication.
这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。
His letter in response to her request had contained a firm refusal.
对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。
The changes are in response to demand from our customers.
这些变化是应我们顾客提出的要求而做出的。
【高考链接】
The officials should respond _____ the doubt of all the villagers. (江西课改卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We made a quick response ______ these concerns. (to)
6. amuse vt. 使发笑；使愉快
【原句再现】
He has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations, which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
amuse sb./oneself with ….以……自娱
amuse sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
amusing adj. 有趣的；逗乐的
amused adj. 感到快乐有趣的
be amused at/by ….对感到……好笑
amusement n．消遣，娱乐；娱乐活动，娱乐用品
the amusement park 游乐场
with/in amusement 开心地; 津津有味地
to one's (great) amusement 令人感到(极)好笑的是
【精品例句】
Big cities have many amusements.
大城市有许多娱乐活动
He is responsible for the amusement activity.
他负责娱乐活动。
The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements.
这家旅馆为住客提供了各种各样的娱乐活动。
We are all amused at/by his foolish behavior.
他愚蠢的行为让我们都感到好笑。
【高考链接】
Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _________ with her stories. (上海卷)
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We are ________ (amuse) to see that he slid on a banana skin. (amused)
To everyone's _________ (amuse)，the actor fell off the stage. (amusement)
7. immediately adv.即刻 马上；conj. 一… 就….
【原句再现】
“Yes, Professor, but more fortunate than you, I was able to find safety almost immediately upon this island in the sea. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
immediately conj. = the moment=the instant=as soon as 一……就
immediate adj. 立即的；直接的；最接近的
【精品例句】
I’m sure that your letter will get immediate attention.
我相信你的信马上慧得到关注
The medicine has an immediate effect.
药效立竿见影
Many species of parrots are in immediate danger of dying out.
许多种类的鹦鹉濒临灭绝的危险
I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.
我立即跳上自行车往家赶
We immediately climbed onto the table and，for the next four hours，waited for those snakes to leave our camp.
我们立即跳上了桌子，接下来四个小时，等着那些蛇离开我们的帐篷
I'll appreciate it if you can give us an answer immediately.
如果您能给我立即回复我将不胜感激
When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately.
面对棘手问题，大多数人不能立刻给出答案
I left immediately the clock struck 12.
十二点的钟声一响我就离开了
【高考链接】
If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _____ reaction will be to tell the police. (湖北卷)
A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudden (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These teachers and students went to the disaster areas ______ (immediate) to help the children there. (immediately)
8. bounce vi.& vt. (使) 弹起；上下晃动 n. 弹性；弹跳；活力
【原句再现】
Only I soon found out why my weapon had not entered its skin, but bounced off. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
on the bounce 在弹起时；接二连三地
bounce around/about 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去
bounce into…蹦蹦跳跳地进入…；猛然冲进…
【精品例句】
The children were bouncing a ball.
孩子们在拍球。
Short sound waves bounce off even small objects.
短声波在很小的物体上也能反射回来。
The ball bounced up and down.
球上下弹跳。
The ball bounced high and she missed it.
球弹得很高，她没有接住。
【高考链接】
Because Gypsies bounced _______ from country to country，they found it difficult to build permanent settlements or find jobs. (江苏卷) (around/about)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He bounced ______ the room and shouted at me. (into)
Ferreira again won the Portuguese championship，becoming the first coach to win three titles ______ the bounce. (on)
9. appear vi. ①出现 (反义词: disappear)；②参加演出; 亮相；(系动词) 似乎; 显得；出版; 刊登; 发表
【原句再现】
At last this long night passed. Daybreak appeared. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
appear (to be) + adj/n
appear to do sth
it appears + that从句
appearance n. 外观; 外貌; 外表；(常用单数) 出现; 到来；公开露面; 演出
appearance money /fee 出场费
in appearance看起来; 外貌上
【精品例句】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一个陌生人出现在我家门前
She has already appeared in a few of films.
她已参演过几部影片
The principal appeared on television to advocate the reform.
校长上了电视节目，倡导改革
She tried hard to appear (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静
It appeared that he had a taste for music.
他似乎喜欢音乐
His new book will be appearing in the spring.
他的新书将在春季出版
This well-known actor made his first appearance in 1997.
这位著名演员首次登台演出是在1997年
辨析：appear, look, seem. 三者都有“看起来”之意
appear强调根据事物的表面现象而作出判断，可能与事实不符
She didn t appear at all surprised at the news.
听到这个消息，她好像一点儿都不惊讶
look表示说话人根据视觉所作出的判断
She looks happy.
她看起来 很开心
seem指有一定根据或从某种迹象作出判断，往往接近事实
There seems to have been a mistake -- my name isn't on the list.
好像弄错了名单上面没有我 的名字
以下三个句型中，三个词不可随意换用
It looks / seems as if....
Sb/Sth looks as if….
There seems/appears to be ....
【高考链接】
He appeared ________ (be) a gentleman -- he was wearing a suit, not like a t hief at all. (四川卷) (to be)
There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear _______ (do) better. (辽宁课改卷) (to do)
Some people care much about their _________ (appear) and always ask if they look fine. (上海课改卷) (appearance)
The environmentalists said wild goats’ ________ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.
escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance (D)
【考点训练】
Don't judge by appearances, because ___ (appear) are sometimes misleading. (appearances)
The sudden ________ (appear) of a security guard scared the thief away. (appearance)
_________ appearance it is a strong building. (In)
10. call vt & vi. 命名；把…叫做；召唤；大声喊叫；给….打电话；（短暂）访问；认为；召开；召集；n. （鸟兽的）叫声；（引起注意的）喊声；通话；要求，需要；号召
【原句再现】
Wordsworth grew up in one of the most beautiful area of England, which is called the Lake District. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
call a spade a spade 直言不讳
call a meeting 召开会议
call at + 地点 拜访（某地）
call back 回电话；再打电话
call for …需要；要求；去某处接人/物
call in 召来；找来
call off 取消；停止进行
call off a meeting/one’s appointments取消会议/约会
call on/upon sb. 拜访某人
call up 打电话给…；使人想起…
a call for help 呼救声
make a call 打电话
answer a phone calls 接电话
get/receive a call 接到打电话
called adj. 叫作；称作
a boy called Jack 名叫杰克的男孩
【精品例句】
They’ve decided to call the baby Anna.
他们决定给宝宝取名为安娜
Will you call the kids in for lunch
把孩子们叫进来吃午饭好吗
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help
听! 你听到有人在呼救吗
For further information, please call 016l245 6609.
欲知详情，请致电 0161245 6609
Please call again later.
请稍后再拨
I’ll call on you on my way home.
我会在回家的路上顺道拜访你
When I have some spare time and want to be alone, they call me selfish and unloving!
当我在空余时间想独处时，他们认为我自私、没有爱心!
The businessman calls for orders every Monday.
那个商人每星期一来取订货单
Your mother is very ill. Call in a doctor at once.
你妈妈病得很严重，马上找个医生来
I'll take a walk then call on some friends.
我会去散步，然后拜访一些朋友
I’ll call you up when I need your help.
我需要你帮助的时候会给你打电话
This picture called up memories of our class trip.
这张照片使我想起我们班的那次旅行
There are pressing calls on the resources of the government.
目前对政府资源有迫切的需求
【高考链接】
1. -- Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. -- All right. I _________ him later. (北京卷)
A. will call B. have called C. call D. will be calling (A)
2. The Somali robbers' frequent attacks on the sea urged the Unite d Nations to call ____ all nations to take immediate action. (福建课改卷) (on/upon)
3. It's the sort of work that calls _______ a high level of concentration. (for)
4. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village call _______ scenes of my childhood. (安徽卷) (up)
【考点训练】
Mr. White was to call ______ my house after he finished his speech. (at)
She wanted you to call her ______ as soon as you are home. (back)
I’ll call ______ you at your home. (for)
Sometimes situations call __________ us to act strong and brave even when we don't feel that way. (for)
The Ministry of Education calls _____________ students to exercise for an hour every day. (on/upon)
11. basis n. 基础，根据
【原句再现】
His travels were the basis for his works of more than 2,000 poems, of which approximately 1,800 are still read today. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
basic adj. 基础的，基本的
on the basis of 以……为基础；根据……
base v. 以……为基础; n. 基地，总部
revolutionary bases革命根据地
base ... on/upon… 把……置于/建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
【精品例句】
He used the house as a base for his printing business.
他把这座房子作为印刷生意的总部
The book is based on/upon a true story.
这本书以一个真实故事为原型
Basing an important decision more on/upon emotion than on/upon reason, you’ll regret it sooner or later.
依据情感而不是理智做出重要决定，你迟早会为此后悔
On the basis of these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.
以这些事实为基础，我们能得出以下结论。
【高考链接】
You will be able to choose a room based ________ your own personal tastes. ( 全国卷) (on/upon)
Plants are the base of the food chain. (四川课改卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
You should base your conclusion _______ careful research. (on/upon)
The movie is _______ (base) on/upon the popular novel of the same name. (based)
12. appreciate vt. 欣赏/赏识；重视；感激/感谢；领会/理解；vi.增值
【原句再现】
I appreciate you saying that – even though I should want revenge for what you have done to my father and sister. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
appreciate＋n./pron./v. ing重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if...假如……，我将不胜感激
appreciate the significance/value of sth. 理解某事的重要性/意义
appreciate + that/wh-从句 意识到/理解/明白某事
appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；鉴赏
have a deep appreciation of literature 对文学有很高的鉴赏力
express one's appreciation to sb. for sth.表达因某事对某人的感激之情
【精品例句】
I really appreciate your handwriting.
你字写得真好
His talents aren't appreciated by his boss, which makes him depressed.
他的才干不为老板赏识，这使得他很沮丧
I appreciate your help very much and what you have done means something to me.
非常感谢你的帮助， 你所做的对我来说意义非凡
I really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.
我非常乐意与工作如此出色的人共事
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problem.
有任何问题请告诉我们，我们将不胜感激
I'd appreciate it if I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑的话，我将不胜感激
We didn't fully appreciate that he was seriously ill.
我们没有充分意识到他病得很严重
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what my parents had done for me. 我用了很长时间才完全理解父母为我所做的一切
Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us.
非常感谢你为我们所做的一切，请收下这件礼物
I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.
我向所有人表示诚挚的感谢!
【高考链接】
Chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside China. (北京课改卷)
A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I really appreciate ______ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.
We appreciate your (help) us. (helping)
I would appreciate ___ if you would send me the postcard as soon as possible. (it)
Our house (appreciate) by 50% in the last two years. (has appreciated)
13. accept vt & vi 接受；忍受，承受；接纳；承担（责任/指责）
【原句再现】
Even though I forgive you personally, for the sake of the honor of my family I cannot accept your apology. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
accept sb’s advice/suggestion 接受某人的建议
accept a gift/an invitation/a challenge 接受礼物/邀请/挑战
it’s generally accepted that ….. 人们普遍认为….
acceptable adj. 可接受的；令人满意的；反义词为：unacceptable
acceptance n. 接受；接纳；赞同，赞成
an agreement which is acceptable to both sides. 双方都可接受的协议
辨析：accept 和 receive
receive 表示客观上收到; accept 表示主观上愿意接受
She received a gift from him, but she didn’t accept.
她收到了他的礼物，但没有接受
【精品例句】
They offered me a job and I accepted
他们给我提供了一份工作，我接受了
It’s generally that people are motivated by success.
人们普遍认为成功催人奋进
While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
我承认他不够完美，但我的确喜欢这个人
We have to accept the fact that this is not a perfect world.
我们必须接受这样的现实，这不是个完美的世界
In my opinion, people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying.
在我看来，人必须学会接受现实，并不断努力
The college I applied to has accepted me.
我申请的学院已经录取我了
I hop I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
我希望能成为夏令营中的一员
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.
我拒绝为别人的过错承担责任
It seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for having make a mistake.
似乎大多数人不想对已犯的错误负责
The acceptance of new members is strictly controlled.
新成员的接纳受到严格控制
【高考链接】
If ______ for the job, you’ll be informed soon. （北京卷）
to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted (D)
In marriages, true love is ________ (accept) of all that is. (全国卷) (acceptance)
【考点训练】
It is not socially _____________ (accept) for parents to leave children unattended at that age. (acceptable)
He nodded in delighted ________ (accept). (acceptance)
14. forgive vt. 原谅；宽恕
【原句再现】
Even though I forgive you personally, for the sake of the honor of my family I cannot accept your apology. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 因为..原谅某人
forgive and forget不念旧恶，不记仇
【精品例句】
They forgave him his rudeness.
他们原谅了他的无礼
The pain was acute, and I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me.
那是个剧烈的伤痛，我不能原谅丹尼离我而去
It is a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
不记仇是一种美德，特别是在这样一个竞争激烈，有压力的社会上
【高考链接】
One of my favorite sayings is “understand all and _______ all. (江西卷)
A. protect B. welcome C. support D. forgive (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
At last Jenny forgave her boyfriend for _____ (be) late for the appointment. (being)
15. pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装作
【原句再现】
But if Hamlet appears to be winning, I’ll pretend to drink to his health and I’ll poison his wine. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to sb. that… 对某人假装某事
【精品例句】
What’s the good of pretending
假装有什么用呢？
When his mother came in, he pretended to be doing his homework.
妈妈进来时，他假装在做作业
He pretended to his family that everything was fine.
他对家人假装一切都好
【高考链接】
He pretended __ (beat) when his parents came to the school. (陕西卷) (to be beaten)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The two students pretended ___ their teacher that they had finished their homework. (to)
●本单元重要词组
16. hunt for sth. 寻找某物
Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together, hunting for apartments with north-facing windows and low rents. (教材P7)
They put down what they were doing and started to hunt for the missing child.
17. stare out 凝视着….外
Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards: “Ten, nine, eight, seven…..” (教材P30)
Have a cup of tea, put your feet up and stare out the window.
18. hear of… 听说，获悉
“Oh, I never heard of such nonsense,” quickly replied Sue. (教材P31)
He could not bear to see anyone in pain or even to hear of it.
19. make up one’s mind (to do sth.) 下决心（做某事），决定（做某事）
But Johnsy’s mind was made up. (教材P12)
It is early to make up your mind now.
20. long to do sth. 渴望做某事
In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed to paint. (教材P31)
He has longed to join the NBA since he was a little boy.
21. find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning. (教材P31)
His mother found him watching TV when she came home.
22. so…. as to do sth. 如此……以至于…..
Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea; and I heard these words: “I master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.” (教材P36)
It was so dark as to make a good photograph hard to get.
23. Take ….. for granted 不关心，不在意
I would never again take my home for granted. (教材P40)
He’s so busy with his work that he takes his family for grantee.
●句型点拨
1. as if引导方式状语从句
【原句再现】
It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. (教材P36)
句式分析：句中as if相当于as though，是从属连词，意为“似乎，仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句， 常用在seem, smell, sound, taste 等词后面。
【能力拓展】
as if也可引导方式状语从句。
※当as if/though从句表示的情况是事实或可能发生的真实情况时，从句用陈述语气。
※当as if/though从句表示的情况与事实相反或不可能发生时，从句用虚拟语气。
①从句表示的情况与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
②从句表示的情况与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③从句表示的情况与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
【精品例句】
Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to leave．
快点！火车好像要开了。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
The teacher treats her students very well，as if they were her own children.
这位老师对她的学生非常好，就好像他们是她自己的孩子。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
【高考链接】
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ (do) it
(陕西卷) (had done)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She walked here and there on the playground as ______ she was looking for something. (if/though)
He talks about Rome as if he _______ (be) there before. (had been)
2. Nor位于句首引导倒装句
【原句再现】
I couldn’t say where I was, nor could I imagine. (教材P40)
句式分析：本句是一个部分倒装句，nor置于句首，句子用部分倒装，因此could提前，表示“……也不”。
【能力拓展】
※ Neither +助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语, “….也不”
※ so＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语：意为“……也一样”，表示前面的情况也适合另一个人或物，此时该句为倒装句；
※ so＋主语＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词：意为“……确实如此”，表示词意前面的说法，此时该句不是倒装句。
【精品例句】
She has no experience in typing, nor does the skill interest her.
她没有打字经验，那种技术也引不起她的兴趣。
You can't cancel the contract, nor can anybody else.
你不能撤约，任何人都不能。
He never went again, nor did he write to apologize.
他没再去过，也没写信致歉。
【高考链接】
They haven’t finished their homework，_______ did I. (neither/nor) (陕西卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I like English. So _______ (do) Jack. (does)
They could do the job, so _______ we. (could)
●常见时态总结（详见语法课件）
17 / 19
●词汇精讲
1. claim n．&vt. 夺取(生命)；主张；宣称；认领；索取；夺去；断言
【原句再现】
The doctor took Sue aside and claimed, “She has one chance in – let us say, ten…..” (教材P29)
【词块积累】
claim to be/do... 声称/自称做……
It is claimed that... 据称……
Sb. claim that …..声称….
make a claim 声称；断言
【精品例句】
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fighting against cancer.
科学家们称在抗癌领域取得了重大突破
Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
在过去的100年中，地震夺去了超过160万人的生命
We agree to accept all your claim.
我方同意接受贵方的所有索赔
We will see those who claim to be leaders for the peace.
我们将看到那些声称自己带来和平的领导人
It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.
据称有些医生每周工作80小时
【高考链接】
In health food stores，you'll find dozens of products that claim __ (do) wonders for your brain. (江西课改卷) (to do)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He claimed himself ___ (be) the owner of the car. (to be)
He made _____ claim that he would be elected as president of the company. (a)
2. attempt vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试
【原句再现】
Sue took some paper and a pen into Johnsy’s room and began a pen drawing, in an attempt to raise Johnsy’s spirit. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
attempted adj. 企图的，未遂的
attempt at doing sth./to do sth. 尝试或努力做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 尝试或努力做某事
at one's/the first attempt 第一次尝试
make no attempt to do sth. 不做任何尝试
【精品例句】
He didn’t attempt the last question in the examination.
在考试中，他放弃了最后一道题
In an attempt to attract more customers，they took a variety of measures.
为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施
The two friends made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.
这两个朋友试图和解但未成功
Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂
【高考链接】
A man is being questioned in relation to the ____ murder last night. (全国卷)
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He made an attempt ______ (pass) the 2019 College Entrance Examination，but he didn't succeed in the end. (to pass)
3. imagine vt. 想象; 设想；胡思乱想; 误以为；料想;认为
【原句再现】
They couldn’t imagine where he had been on such a terrible night. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
imagination n 想象; 想象力; 想象出来的事物; 幻想:
a creative/ vivid imagination创造性/生动的想象
be successful beyond imagination出乎意料地成功
imaginative adj. 富于想象力的; 爱想象的
imaginary adj.想象中的;虚构的
an imaginary world/ friend虚构的世界/假想的朋友
imagine (sb) doing sth
imagine + that / wh-从句
imagine...to be
【精品例句】
He’s letting his imagination fly.
他正展开想象
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
想象力比知识更重要
You didn’t really see anything—it was only imagination.
实际上你什么也没看到，那只不过是个幻觉而已
Can you imagine life without electricity
你能想象没有电的生活会是什么样子吗
I can’t imagine living without TV!
我无法想象没有电视的生活!
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
我几乎不能想象彼得五天之内横渡了大西洋
Try to imagine that you are all alone on a deserted island.
试着想象一下你孤身一人在荒岛上的情形
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.
我经常想象我将来的生活会是什么样子
I had imagined her to be older.
我本以为她的年龄还要大一些
【高考链接】
-- Look! He's running so fast! --Hard to ____ his legs were once broken. (山东卷)
A. know B. imagine C. realize D. find ( B )
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is difficult to imagine his _____ (accept) the decision without any consideration.
(浙江卷) (accepting)
4. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖；指望；由…决定; 取决于..:
【原句再现】
Sonseil had to keep me up, and our preservation depended on him alone. (教材P36)
【词块积累】
dependent (=reliable) adj. 依靠的，依赖的；由…决定的，反义词是independent.
dependence n. 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖
depend on/upon sb. doing sth. = depend on/upon sb. to do sth.指望某人做某事
It/That (all) depends. 那的看情况/看情况而定
depend on/upon it 毫无疑问
【精品例句】
We depend on/upon energy to do many things in our daily lives.
在日常生活中，我们做很多事都离不开能源
We depend on/upon him finishing the job this weekend.
我们指望他这个周末完成工作。
Depend on/upon it, we shall solve the problem at last
请相信，我们最终会解决这个问题。
You can depend on/upon Jane -- she always keeps her promises.
你可以信赖简，她总是信守诺言
The future of space research depends on how much money we have.
太空研究的未来取决于我们的经济实力
Success is dependent on your efforts and ability.
成功取决于你的努力和能力
【高考链接】
-- What are you going to do this weekend
--. __________. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends. (福建卷)
A. Don't mention it B. It doesn't matter C. Forget it D. It depends ( D )
The journey takes about two hours, ________on traffic. (上海卷) (depending)
If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend _____ ourselves.
(上海卷) (on/upon)
Don't always depend _____ others. You should learn to rely on yourself. (陕西卷) (on/upon)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He is his mother's _____________ (depend). (dependence)
I'll never be ___________ (depend) on anyone again. (dependent)
--How long are you staying
--I don’t know. It all _________ (dependence). (depends)
5. respond vt&vi. 回答；响应，有反应
【原句再现】
A human voice responded to ours! (教材P36)
【词块积累】
response n. 回答，反应
a quick response 迅速的答复
make no response to the question 没有对提问作答
bring/produce response 引起/产生反响
in response to…作为对….回答/反应
respond to a letter 回信
respond with a smile 报以微信
【精品例句】
When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that he remained optimistic. 当被问到公司的未来是时，经理回答说他依然乐观
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
懂得基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况做出迅速反应
The government acted in response to economic pressure.
政府为应对经济压力采取了行动
The quick recovery was truly in response to medication.
这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。
His letter in response to her request had contained a firm refusal.
对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。
The changes are in response to demand from our customers.
这些变化是应我们顾客提出的要求而做出的。
【高考链接】
The officials should respond _____ the doubt of all the villagers. (江西课改卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We made a quick response ______ these concerns. (to)
6. amuse vt. 使发笑；使愉快
【原句再现】
He has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations, which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
amuse sb./oneself with ….以……自娱
amuse sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
amusing adj. 有趣的；逗乐的
amused adj. 感到快乐有趣的
be amused at/by ….对感到……好笑
amusement n．消遣，娱乐；娱乐活动，娱乐用品
the amusement park 游乐场
with/in amusement 开心地; 津津有味地
to one's (great) amusement 令人感到(极)好笑的是
【精品例句】
Big cities have many amusements.
大城市有许多娱乐活动
He is responsible for the amusement activity.
他负责娱乐活动。
The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements.
这家旅馆为住客提供了各种各样的娱乐活动。
We are all amused at/by his foolish behavior.
他愚蠢的行为让我们都感到好笑。
【高考链接】
Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _________ with her stories. (上海卷)
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We are ________ (amuse) to see that he slid on a banana skin. (amused)
To everyone's _________ (amuse)，the actor fell off the stage. (amusement)
7. immediately adv.即刻 马上；conj. 一… 就….
【原句再现】
“Yes, Professor, but more fortunate than you, I was able to find safety almost immediately upon this island in the sea. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
immediately conj. = the moment=the instant=as soon as 一……就
immediate adj. 立即的；直接的；最接近的
【精品例句】
I’m sure that your letter will get immediate attention.
我相信你的信马上慧得到关注
The medicine has an immediate effect.
药效立竿见影
Many species of parrots are in immediate danger of dying out.
许多种类的鹦鹉濒临灭绝的危险
I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.
我立即跳上自行车往家赶
We immediately climbed onto the table and，for the next four hours，waited for those snakes to leave our camp.
我们立即跳上了桌子，接下来四个小时，等着那些蛇离开我们的帐篷
I'll appreciate it if you can give us an answer immediately.
如果您能给我立即回复我将不胜感激
When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately.
面对棘手问题，大多数人不能立刻给出答案
I left immediately the clock struck 12.
十二点的钟声一响我就离开了
【高考链接】
If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _____ reaction will be to tell the police. (湖北卷)
A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudden (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These teachers and students went to the disaster areas ______ (immediate) to help the children there. (immediately)
8. bounce vi.& vt. (使) 弹起；上下晃动 n. 弹性；弹跳；活力
【原句再现】
Only I soon found out why my weapon had not entered its skin, but bounced off. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
on the bounce 在弹起时；接二连三地
bounce around/about 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去
bounce into…蹦蹦跳跳地进入…；猛然冲进…
【精品例句】
The children were bouncing a ball.
孩子们在拍球。
Short sound waves bounce off even small objects.
短声波在很小的物体上也能反射回来。
The ball bounced up and down.
球上下弹跳。
The ball bounced high and she missed it.
球弹得很高，她没有接住。
【高考链接】
Because Gypsies bounced _______ from country to country，they found it difficult to build permanent settlements or find jobs. (江苏卷) (around/about)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He bounced ______ the room and shouted at me. (into)
Ferreira again won the Portuguese championship，becoming the first coach to win three titles ______ the bounce. (on)
9. appear vi. ①出现 (反义词: disappear)；②参加演出; 亮相；(系动词) 似乎; 显得；出版; 刊登; 发表
【原句再现】
At last this long night passed. Daybreak appeared. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
appear (to be) + adj/n
appear to do sth
it appears + that从句
appearance n. 外观; 外貌; 外表；(常用单数) 出现; 到来；公开露面; 演出
appearance money /fee 出场费
in appearance看起来; 外貌上
【精品例句】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一个陌生人出现在我家门前
She has already appeared in a few of films.
她已参演过几部影片
The principal appeared on television to advocate the reform.
校长上了电视节目，倡导改革
She tried hard to appear (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静
It appeared that he had a taste for music.
他似乎喜欢音乐
His new book will be appearing in the spring.
他的新书将在春季出版
This well-known actor made his first appearance in 1997.
这位著名演员首次登台演出是在1997年
辨析：appear, look, seem. 三者都有“看起来”之意
appear强调根据事物的表面现象而作出判断，可能与事实不符
She didn t appear at all surprised at the news.
听到这个消息，她好像一点儿都不惊讶
look表示说话人根据视觉所作出的判断
She looks happy.
她看起来 很开心
seem指有一定根据或从某种迹象作出判断，往往接近事实
There seems to have been a mistake -- my name isn't on the list.
好像弄错了名单上面没有我 的名字
以下三个句型中，三个词不可随意换用
It looks / seems as if....
Sb/Sth looks as if….
There seems/appears to be ....
【高考链接】
He appeared ________ (be) a gentleman -- he was wearing a suit, not like a t hief at all. (四川卷) (to be)
There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear _______ (do) better. (辽宁课改卷) (to do)
Some people care much about their _________ (appear) and always ask if they look fine. (上海课改卷) (appearance)
The environmentalists said wild goats’ ________ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.
escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance (D)
【考点训练】
Don't judge by appearances, because ___ (appear) are sometimes misleading. (appearances)
The sudden ________ (appear) of a security guard scared the thief away. (appearance)
_________ appearance it is a strong building. (In)
10. call vt & vi. 命名；把…叫做；召唤；大声喊叫；给….打电话；（短暂）访问；认为；召开；召集；n. （鸟兽的）叫声；（引起注意的）喊声；通话；要求，需要；号召
【原句再现】
Wordsworth grew up in one of the most beautiful area of England, which is called the Lake District. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
call a spade a spade 直言不讳
call a meeting 召开会议
call at + 地点 拜访（某地）
call back 回电话；再打电话
call for …需要；要求；去某处接人/物
call in 召来；找来
call off 取消；停止进行
call off a meeting/one’s appointments取消会议/约会
call on/upon sb. 拜访某人
call up 打电话给…；使人想起…
a call for help 呼救声
make a call 打电话
answer a phone calls 接电话
get/receive a call 接到打电话
called adj. 叫作；称作
a boy called Jack 名叫杰克的男孩
【精品例句】
They’ve decided to call the baby Anna.
他们决定给宝宝取名为安娜
Will you call the kids in for lunch
把孩子们叫进来吃午饭好吗
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help
听! 你听到有人在呼救吗
For further information, please call 016l245 6609.
欲知详情，请致电 0161245 6609
Please call again later.
请稍后再拨
I’ll call on you on my way home.
我会在回家的路上顺道拜访你
When I have some spare time and want to be alone, they call me selfish and unloving!
当我在空余时间想独处时，他们认为我自私、没有爱心!
The businessman calls for orders every Monday.
那个商人每星期一来取订货单
Your mother is very ill. Call in a doctor at once.
你妈妈病得很严重，马上找个医生来
I'll take a walk then call on some friends.
我会去散步，然后拜访一些朋友
I’ll call you up when I need your help.
我需要你帮助的时候会给你打电话
This picture called up memories of our class trip.
这张照片使我想起我们班的那次旅行
There are pressing calls on the resources of the government.
目前对政府资源有迫切的需求
【高考链接】
1. -- Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. -- All right. I _________ him later. (北京卷)
A. will call B. have called C. call D. will be calling (A)
2. The Somali robbers' frequent attacks on the sea urged the Unite d Nations to call ____ all nations to take immediate action. (福建课改卷) (on/upon)
3. It's the sort of work that calls _______ a high level of concentration. (for)
4. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village call _______ scenes of my childhood. (安徽卷) (up)
【考点训练】
Mr. White was to call ______ my house after he finished his speech. (at)
She wanted you to call her ______ as soon as you are home. (back)
I’ll call ______ you at your home. (for)
Sometimes situations call __________ us to act strong and brave even when we don't feel that way. (for)
The Ministry of Education calls _____________ students to exercise for an hour every day. (on/upon)
11. basis n. 基础，根据
【原句再现】
His travels were the basis for his works of more than 2,000 poems, of which approximately 1,800 are still read today. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
basic adj. 基础的，基本的
on the basis of 以……为基础；根据……
base v. 以……为基础; n. 基地，总部
revolutionary bases革命根据地
base ... on/upon… 把……置于/建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
【精品例句】
He used the house as a base for his printing business.
他把这座房子作为印刷生意的总部
The book is based on/upon a true story.
这本书以一个真实故事为原型
Basing an important decision more on/upon emotion than on/upon reason, you’ll regret it sooner or later.
依据情感而不是理智做出重要决定，你迟早会为此后悔
On the basis of these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.
以这些事实为基础，我们能得出以下结论。
【高考链接】
You will be able to choose a room based ________ your own personal tastes. ( 全国卷) (on/upon)
Plants are the base of the food chain. (四川课改卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
You should base your conclusion _______ careful research. (on/upon)
The movie is _______ (base) on/upon the popular novel of the same name. (based)
12. appreciate vt. 欣赏/赏识；重视；感激/感谢；领会/理解；vi.增值
【原句再现】
I appreciate you saying that – even though I should want revenge for what you have done to my father and sister. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
appreciate＋n./pron./v. ing重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if...假如……，我将不胜感激
appreciate the significance/value of sth. 理解某事的重要性/意义
appreciate + that/wh-从句 意识到/理解/明白某事
appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；鉴赏
have a deep appreciation of literature 对文学有很高的鉴赏力
express one's appreciation to sb. for sth.表达因某事对某人的感激之情
【精品例句】
I really appreciate your handwriting.
你字写得真好
His talents aren't appreciated by his boss, which makes him depressed.
他的才干不为老板赏识，这使得他很沮丧
I appreciate your help very much and what you have done means something to me.
非常感谢你的帮助， 你所做的对我来说意义非凡
I really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.
我非常乐意与工作如此出色的人共事
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problem.
有任何问题请告诉我们，我们将不胜感激
I'd appreciate it if I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑的话，我将不胜感激
We didn't fully appreciate that he was seriously ill.
我们没有充分意识到他病得很严重
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what my parents had done for me. 我用了很长时间才完全理解父母为我所做的一切
Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us.
非常感谢你为我们所做的一切，请收下这件礼物
I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.
我向所有人表示诚挚的感谢!
【高考链接】
Chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside China. (北京课改卷)
A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I really appreciate ______ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.
We appreciate your (help) us. (helping)
I would appreciate ___ if you would send me the postcard as soon as possible. (it)
Our house (appreciate) by 50% in the last two years. (has appreciated)
13. accept vt & vi 接受；忍受，承受；接纳；承担（责任/指责）
【原句再现】
Even though I forgive you personally, for the sake of the honor of my family I cannot accept your apology. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
accept sb’s advice/suggestion 接受某人的建议
accept a gift/an invitation/a challenge 接受礼物/邀请/挑战
it’s generally accepted that ….. 人们普遍认为….
acceptable adj. 可接受的；令人满意的；反义词为：unacceptable
acceptance n. 接受；接纳；赞同，赞成
an agreement which is acceptable to both sides. 双方都可接受的协议
辨析：accept 和 receive
receive 表示客观上收到; accept 表示主观上愿意接受
She received a gift from him, but she didn’t accept.
她收到了他的礼物，但没有接受
【精品例句】
They offered me a job and I accepted
他们给我提供了一份工作，我接受了
It’s generally that people are motivated by success.
人们普遍认为成功催人奋进
While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
我承认他不够完美，但我的确喜欢这个人
We have to accept the fact that this is not a perfect world.
我们必须接受这样的现实，这不是个完美的世界
In my opinion, people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying.
在我看来，人必须学会接受现实，并不断努力
The college I applied to has accepted me.
我申请的学院已经录取我了
I hop I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
我希望能成为夏令营中的一员
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.
我拒绝为别人的过错承担责任
It seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for having make a mistake.
似乎大多数人不想对已犯的错误负责
The acceptance of new members is strictly controlled.
新成员的接纳受到严格控制
【高考链接】
If ______ for the job, you’ll be informed soon. （北京卷）
to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted (D)
In marriages, true love is ________ (accept) of all that is. (全国卷) (acceptance)
【考点训练】
It is not socially _____________ (accept) for parents to leave children unattended at that age. (acceptable)
He nodded in delighted ________ (accept). (acceptance)
14. forgive vt. 原谅；宽恕
【原句再现】
Even though I forgive you personally, for the sake of the honor of my family I cannot accept your apology. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 因为..原谅某人
forgive and forget不念旧恶，不记仇
【精品例句】
They forgave him his rudeness.
他们原谅了他的无礼
The pain was acute, and I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me.
那是个剧烈的伤痛，我不能原谅丹尼离我而去
It is a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
不记仇是一种美德，特别是在这样一个竞争激烈，有压力的社会上
【高考链接】
One of my favorite sayings is “understand all and _______ all. (江西卷)
A. protect B. welcome C. support D. forgive (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
At last Jenny forgave her boyfriend for _____ (be) late for the appointment. (being)
15. pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装作
【原句再现】
But if Hamlet appears to be winning, I’ll pretend to drink to his health and I’ll poison his wine. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to sb. that… 对某人假装某事
【精品例句】
What’s the good of pretending
假装有什么用呢？
When his mother came in, he pretended to be doing his homework.
妈妈进来时，他假装在做作业
He pretended to his family that everything was fine.
他对家人假装一切都好
【高考链接】
He pretended __ (beat) when his parents came to the school. (陕西卷) (to be beaten)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The two students pretended ___ their teacher that they had finished their homework. (to)
●本单元重要词组
16. hunt for sth. 寻找某物
Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together, hunting for apartments with north-facing windows and low rents. (教材P7)
They put down what they were doing and started to hunt for the missing child.
17. stare out 凝视着….外
Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards: “Ten, nine, eight, seven…..” (教材P30)
Have a cup of tea, put your feet up and stare out the window.
18. hear of… 听说，获悉
“Oh, I never heard of such nonsense,” quickly replied Sue. (教材P31)
He could not bear to see anyone in pain or even to hear of it.
19. make up one’s mind (to do sth.) 下决心（做某事），决定（做某事）
But Johnsy’s mind was made up. (教材P12)
It is early to make up your mind now.
20. long to do sth. 渴望做某事
In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed to paint. (教材P31)
He has longed to join the NBA since he was a little boy.
21. find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning. (教材P31)
His mother found him watching TV when she came home.
22. so…. as to do sth. 如此……以至于…..
Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea; and I heard these words: “I master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.” (教材P36)
It was so dark as to make a good photograph hard to get.
23. Take ….. for granted 不关心，不在意
I would never again take my home for granted. (教材P40)
He’s so busy with his work that he takes his family for grantee.
●句型点拨
1. as if引导方式状语从句
【原句再现】
It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. (教材P36)
句式分析：句中as if相当于as though，是从属连词，意为“似乎，仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句， 常用在seem, smell, sound, taste 等词后面。
【能力拓展】
as if也可引导方式状语从句。
※当as if/though从句表示的情况是事实或可能发生的真实情况时，从句用陈述语气。
※当as if/though从句表示的情况与事实相反或不可能发生时，从句用虚拟语气。
①从句表示的情况与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
②从句表示的情况与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③从句表示的情况与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
【精品例句】
Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to leave．
快点！火车好像要开了。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
The teacher treats her students very well，as if they were her own children.
这位老师对她的学生非常好，就好像他们是她自己的孩子。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
【高考链接】
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ (do) it
(陕西卷) (had done)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She walked here and there on the playground as ______ she was looking for something. (if/though)
He talks about Rome as if he _______ (be) there before. (had been)
2. Nor位于句首引导倒装句
【原句再现】
I couldn’t say where I was, nor could I imagine. (教材P40)
句式分析：本句是一个部分倒装句，nor置于句首，句子用部分倒装，因此could提前，表示“……也不”。
【能力拓展】
※ Neither +助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语, “….也不”
※ so＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语：意为“……也一样”，表示前面的情况也适合另一个人或物，此时该句为倒装句；
※ so＋主语＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词：意为“……确实如此”，表示词意前面的说法，此时该句不是倒装句。
【精品例句】
She has no experience in typing, nor does the skill interest her.
她没有打字经验，那种技术也引不起她的兴趣。
You can't cancel the contract, nor can anybody else.
你不能撤约，任何人都不能。
He never went again, nor did he write to apologize.
他没再去过，也没写信致歉。
【高考链接】
They haven’t finished their homework，_______ did I. (neither/nor) (陕西卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I like English. So _______ (do) Jack. (does)
They could do the job, so _______ we. (could)
●常见时态总结（详见语法课件）
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