专题九 非谓语动词—2023届中考英语一轮复习专题课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
专题九 非谓语动词
2023届中考英语
一轮复习学考全掌握
2
知识讲解
3
典例剖析
1
考情分析
目
录
CONTENTS
考情分析
非谓语动词形式在教材中频频出现，全国各省市非谓语动词考题屡见不鲜，但是在教材中却没有对非谓语动词作详尽的讲解，有些考生在解答此类题目时极易出错。
通过分析近五年全国各省市的考试真题可知，动名词和不定式考察较多，主要在单项选择，完形填空以及用适当形式填空中考查。
知识讲解
一、非谓语动词定义
动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。
二、非谓语动词的结构形式：
动词不定式：
to + 动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。(没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化)。
(1) 一般式：主动语态：to do , 被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)。
(2) 进行式：主动语态：to be doing , 被动语态：无(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)。
(3) 完成式：主动语态：to have +动词过去分词，被动语态：to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)。
2. 不定式的用法：
(1) 作主语：
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
= It's not easy to learn a foreign language.
(2) 作表语：
The most important thing is to finish the work on time.
(3) 作宾语：
① 动词+to do . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)
He decided to buy a new watch.
② 动词+疑问词+to do
I don't know where to put the bike .
③ 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do
I find it important to learn a second foreign language .
(4) 作补语：
① 动词+宾语+to do (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)
Tom asked me to show him the new shoes .
② 动词+宾语+不带to的动词 (see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)
He often saw Tom play football.
(5) 作状语：
① 表示目的：
He went to Guangzhou to see his sons.
He got up early in order to catch the first bus .
② 表示结果：
He is too tired to walk any farther.
They aren't old enough to go to school.
③ 表示原因：
He is sorry to hear that.
I am glad to see you.
(6)作定语：
I have something to tell you.
I want to buy something to eat.
3. 动词不定式to 的省略
① 在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
I often saw him go out of the room.
He was often seen to go out of the room by me.
② 在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。
动词不定式的否定形式：not + to do ，有时也可以用-never + to do 结构。
4. 动名词：
动词原形+ing具有名词、动词一些特征。
(1) 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)。
(2) 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)。
Children enjoy watching animated cartoon.
I don't remember having ever seen the film.
(3) 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v-ing)
I regret not being able to help you.
(4) 用法：
① 作主语：
动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式主语it代替。Learning English is very important.
It's very important to learn English.
No + 动名词表示"禁止"。
No smoking, No parking.
② 作宾语：
He finished doing his homework.
③ 作表语：
His favourite sport is playing basketball.
④ 作定语： (表明名词的用途、功能等)
shopping basket, finishing line.
⑤ 动名词的复合结构：名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词。
Do you mind my / Wei Fang's opening the window
5. 分词：
动词原形+ing/+ed 具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。(可分为现在分词、过去分词)
现在分词
(1) 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)
(2) 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，
被动语态：having been +动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)
(3) 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v-ing)
No understanding the meaning of the words, he couldn't explain the sentence.
(4) 用法：
① 作表语。The result is surprising.
② 作定语。
Developing country (主谓关系) sleeping boy (boy 所做的动作)
③ 作状语。
Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano. = when he was passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano.
④ 作宾补。
I found him lying on the grass.
过去分词
(1) 形式：规则动词+ed，和不规则动词的过去分词。
(2) 过去分词的否定形式：not + 动词过去分词。
(3) 用法：
① 作表语：My bike is broken. He is very worried.
② 作定语：developed country, fallen leaves, spoken English.
③ 作状语：Asked why he was absent, he said he was ill. = When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill.
④ 作宾补：You had better have your shoes mended. I had my hair cut yesterday.
典例剖析
1.—Two hundred people were killed in the earthquake, ________ 76 kids.
—What a pity!
A. includes B. included C. including D. include
答案：C
解析：句意：—200人在地震中丧生，包括76个孩子。—太可惜了。考查including的用法。includes，包括，三单形式；included动词过去式或过去分词；including介词；include动词原形。空格在逗号后，且后带宾语，应用介词形式，故选C。
2. They decided ______ a bridge over the river.
A. build B. to build C. building D. built
答案：B
解析：decide to do sth.意为"决定做某事"，为固定用法。故选B项。
3. As we all know, Wang Yaping is the first Chinese woman ________ a space station.
A. entered B. enters C. to enter D. entering
答案：C
解析：entered为enter的过去式;enters为enter的单数;to enter为不定式;entering为enter的现在分词或动名词。根据题干,可知这里用enter的不定式to enter作后置定语。故选:C。
4. Li Ming is in poor health. He should pay more attention _____ exercise.
A. to take B. to taking C. for taking D. in taking
答案：B
解析：考查动名词短语。句意"李明身体不好,他应该多注意锻炼身体",pay attention to doing sth注意做某事,这里的to是介词,因此用动名词taking.答案是B,其它不符合。
5.The community worker is patient enough ________ how to use Health Code(码) to the old.
A. explain B. explains C. to explain D. explaining
答案：C
解析：根据题干,可知考查:形容词+enough to do sth做某事足够……,故选:C。
6."Take this medicine and it will make you _____ better soon," the nurse says to the _____ boy.
A.to feel; sick B.feel; sick
C.feeling; ill D.feels; ill
答案：B
解析：考查非谓语动词及形容词辨析。句意: "服用这个药, 不久它会使你感觉好起来"。护士对这个患病的男孩说。make sb. do sth."使某人做某事", sick"生病的", 可用作定语或表语; ill"病的", 多用作表语。由句意可知选B。
7.—Jack, remember _____ off the lights when _____ the home.
—OK, I won't forget, mom.
A. turning; leaving B. to turn; leave
C. turning; left D. to turn; leaving
答案：D
解析：句意：—杰克，离开家时别忘了关灯。—好的，我不会 忘记的，妈妈。remember to do sth.意为“记得去做某事”，符合 语境，故排除A、C两项；主语you和动词leave之间是主动关 系，故用现在分词。故选D。
8. The show was so funny that it made everyone _______ again and again.
A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh
答案：A
解析：句意：这个表演如此有趣，以至于它让大家笑了又笑。make sb. do sth."让某人做某事"，故选A。
9. I am looking forward to _________ from Lily because I really miss her so much.
A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. hears
答案：C
解析：hear from sb.收到……的来信。选项A是动词原形;选项B是过去式;选项C是动词的ing形式;选项D是第三人称单数形式。句中的look forward to的意思是“期待,期望”,后面接动词的ing形式作宾语,本题答案是C。故选:C。
10.—Would you mind _______here
—I’m sorry about that. I'll go somewhere else.
A. no smoking B. not smoking C. not smoke
答案：B
解析：根据Would you mind ______ here,可知这里考查would you mind doing sth.表示你介意做某事吗,后面跟动词的ing形式,它的否定形式直接在mind后面加not。故选B。
11. It's impolite to make noise while ________ noodles in some country.
A. eat B. eating C.to eat D. ate
答案：B
解析：eat吃,动词原形;eating动名词/现在分词;to eat不定式;ate过去式。这里while引导的时间状语从句,从句用延续性动作,这里省略了主语合be动词,用现在分词eating。故选:B。
12. They are working hard ________ tigers.
A. saved B. save C. to save
答案：C
解析：根据句意可知,此处指为了拯救老虎,使用动词不定式做目的状语。故选C。
13. When class begins, we stop ________ to the teacher carefully.
A. listening B.to listen C. listens D. listen
答案：B
解析：本题考查stop一词的用法。stop to do sth.意为“停止做另一件事”,stop doing sth.意为“停下正在做的事情”;C、D无此搭配,故直接排除。根据句意可知,课程开始的时候应该是要“停止(说话)去听老师讲课”,故B选项正确;A选项的意思是“停止听老师讲课”,与句意不符。
14. Judy had trouble ________ complete sentences.
A. make B. making C. makes
答案：B
解析：make动词原形;making动名词/现在分词;makes第三人称单数形式。have trouble doing sth"做某事有困难"固定搭配,填动名词making。故选:B。
15. Animals are our close friends. We are supposed ________ them.
to protect B. protecting
C. protect D. to protecting
答案：A
解析：句意：动物是我们亲密的朋友。我们应该保护它们。be supposed to do sth.应该做某事，故为to protect。故选A。
感谢聆听