专题十 主谓一致—2023届中考英语一轮复习专题讲义 学案 （含答案）

专题十 主谓一致
一、主谓一致定义：
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
二、语法一致原则
Both my parents are doctors.
我的父母都是医生。
主语Parents为复数，故谓语动词用are。
三、意义一致原则
1、意义一致的三个典型用法
形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数名词如the police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：
Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。
The police were called in. 警察被召来了。
people 作“民族”讲时，其单数形式为people，复数形式为peoples，作主语时应用语法一致原则。如：
The Chinese people is a great people.
中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
56 peoples make up the big family of China.
56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。
2、主语是指一类人的“the+形容词(或过去分词)”时，谓语动词通常用复数。
这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the unemployed 等。
另外，像the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称，作主语时，谓语动词也用复数。如：
The injured were taken to hospital.
受伤的人都送进了医院。
The English do not drink much wine.
英国人不喝很多酒。
(1)The + 形容词指人做主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。如：
The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich.
过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。
The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital.
伤员在医院受到了很好的照顾。
(2) The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
The decayed has been thrown away.
腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。
(3)形式上为复数，而意义上却是单数的名词，如news, mathematics, physics，politics, economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： Mathematics is the language of science.
数学是科学语言。
His “Selected Poems” was first published in 1965.
他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。
四、就近一致原则
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词
Either you or I am wrong.
不是你错了就是我错了。
Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.
老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。
(1)连词or, not…but…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。如：
Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go.
是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。
Neither you nor I am a stranger here.
你和我都不是刚来这里。
Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret
他和他的同学都不知道这个秘密吗
Do neither his classmates nor he know the secret
注意疑问句中助动词保持就近。
(2)当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。如：
There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate.
盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。
There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate.
盘子里有两个梨子，一些桔子和一个苹果。
典例剖析
1. What _____ news it is! No one _____ it.
A. a surprising; believe B. surprising; believes
C. a surprised; believe D. surprised; believe
2. My mother is a nurse. She ________the sick people every day.
A. take care of B. to take care of
C. takes care of D. taking care of
3. Not only my friends but also I _____ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A.be B.am C.is D. are
4.—The population of Shanghai is ______ than that of Sichuan.
—Yes, the number of the population of Shanghai ______ 23 million.
A. smaller; are B. larger; is C. less; are D. large; is
5. Dale, ________ trousers are your sister's. ________ are on the bed.
A. these; Yours B. this; Yours C. this; Your
6. Jim didn't use to ________ pop songs, but now he ________ them a lot. He listens to them every day.
A. like; likes B. liking; likes C. like; liked D. liking; liked
7.—Hello, Miss Li. ________ my parents.
—Nice to meet you!
A. This is B. These are C. That is D. Those are
8.________ your school ID card
A. This is B.Is this C. Am I D. Are it
9.—_______ you Paul
—No, I _______ not.
A. Are; am B. Is; am C. Are; is D. Is; is
10. Mother bought a big bottle of milk for me. I only drank half of it just now. The ________ of it ________ in the fridge now.
A. others, are B. rest, is C. rest, are D. other, is
11. Here _______ a black pen. It is Lily's.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
12. Where _______ John's pens and where _______ my eraser
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
13. My friend, Rick, ________ a round face and always ________ a pair of glasses.
A. has; has B. is; wears C. has; dresses D. has; wears
14.—Look! How beautiful the mountain is!
—About 70 percent of the mountain ________ full of flowers.
A.is B. are C./ D. has
15.—Alice ________ dance ________ Janice now.
—Yes. Janice practises ________ of all the girls.
A. isn't; as good as; harder B. doesn't; as good as; harder
C. isn't; as well as; hardest D. doesn't; as well as; hardest
答案以及解析
1.答案：B
解析：题意：它是多么令人吃惊的消息呀！没有人相信它。news是不可数名词，指物，故用surprising修饰。on one作主语时，谓语动词应用单数。
2.答案：C
解析：句意：我的妈妈是一名护士，她每天都照顾病人。根据时间状语every day判断，句子的时态为一般现在时，主语是she，注意动词用三单形式，故答案为C。
3.答案：B
解析：句意:不仅是我的朋友,而且我对足球感兴趣,梅西是我们最喜欢的明星。Not only...but also连接并列主语要遵循就近原则,所以选B。
4.答案：B
解析：句意：—上海的人口比四川的多。一是的，上海的人口数量是两千三百万。结合地理常识，上海的人口比四川多，故第一空用形容词larger。主语是the number of...，故谓语用单数形式is，故选B。
5.答案：A
解析：句意：黛尔，这条裤子是你妹妹的。你的在床上。考查代词辨析。these这些；this这个；yours你的，名词性物主代词；your你的，形容词性物主代词。根据“trousers are”可知，第一空应用these。根据“are on the bed”可知，第二空表示“你的裤子”，空格后没有名词，应用名词性物主代词。故选A。
6.答案：A
解析：used to do过去常常,didn't use to是其否定形式,故第一空填动词原形;根据句意,他过去不喜欢,但是现在喜欢,故第二空填likes,是一般现在时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选:A。
7.答案：B
解析：句意：—你好，李小姐。这是我的父母。—很高兴见到你们！考查代词辨析。This is这是；These are这些是；That is那是；Those are那些是。介绍某人用固定句式：This is/These are，根据parents可知，此处应填复数代词，故选B。
8.答案：B
解析：根据题干,是问句,排除A;D语法错误;根据后面your school ID card学生证,是物,所以用Is this。故选:B。
9.答案：A
解析：主语是you, be动词用are;主语是I, be动词用am。
10.答案：B
解析：句意：妈妈给我买了一大瓶牛奶。我刚才只喝了一半。剩下的都在冰箱里了。考查主谓一致。others其他的人或物；rest剩余部分；other其他的。根据“I only drank half of it just now.”可知此处指剩余的牛奶，用the rest of it，谓语与it保持一致，用is。故选B。
11.答案：C
解析：根据句意和后句是一般现在时可知,前句也用一般现在时;前句是倒装句,主语a black pen是第三人称单数,be动词用is。故选:C。
12.答案：C
解析：根据句意可知,是一般现在时;前句主语John's pens是复数,be动词用are;后句主语my eraser是第三人称单数,be动词用is。故选:C。
13.答案：D
解析：考查谓语。has有；is是：dresses穿：wears戴。根据“a round face”可知有一张圆脸，第一空用has； wear glasses“戴眼镜”，第二空用wears，故选D.
14.答案：A
解析：句意：—看！这座山是多么漂亮啊！—这座山上大约70%都是鲜花。考查固定短语。be full of“充满”, 是固定短语,排除选项C、D项；主语“About 70 percent of the mountain”,谓语与mountain的数保持一致,be动词用is。故选A。
15.答案：D
解析：isn't不是,doesn't不,第一句中dance是动词,主语是Alice是第三人称单数,否定句中助动词用doesn't, 排除A和C; good好的,形容词;well好,副词。修饰动词需用副词well,排除B;第三空填最高hardest,表示珍妮丝是所有女孩中最刻苦的。故选:D。
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