北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit9 Human Biology单元考点突破学案（有答案)

名师原创：Unit9 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏
【原句再现】
I really admire people who use their minds for the betterment of mankind. (教材P50)
【词块积累】
admire sb. for (doing)sth.　因 (做) 某事钦佩某人
admiration n. 钦佩；赞美；羡慕
express admiration for sb./sth. (表示)羡慕/钦佩某人/物
admiring adj. 赞赏的；羡慕的
admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞美的
【精品例句】
My deskmate admires my fluent English very much.
我同桌非常羡慕我流利的英语
Many people around the world admire China for its great contributions to the world peace.
世界各地的许多人钦佩中国对世界和平所做的巨大贡献
I admire him for his bravery and learning.
我钦佩他胆识过人，学识渊博
I admired him for his challenging the world championship.
我因为他向世界冠军挑战而钦佩他
【高考链接】
Lewis was admired his work on the advanced medical research. (全国卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Everybody (admire) him for his fine sense of humor. (admires)
Walking in the street，she attracts a lot of (admire) glances. (admirable)
2. limit n. 界限; 边界; 限度; 限制; 极限; vt. 限制; 限定
【原句再现】
A person’s life is limited but serving the people is limitless. (教材P51)
【词块积累】
limitable adj.可限制的
limitless adj.无限(制)的
limited adj.有限的;不多的
limitation n. 限制; 局限
in the city limits在市区内
within a twenty-mile limit二十英里范围内
a time / speed limit时间/速度限制
within limits of…在…范围内
limit ...to…将.限制在(某范围内)
There is no limit to... ……是无限的
without limit 无限(制)地
【精品例句】
He tried my patience to its limits.
他把我的耐心逼到了极限
I'm willing to help, within limits.
我愿意适度地帮忙
Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year
一些国家甚至限制每年到他们国家的游客数量
A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities.
缺乏正规教育会限制你的就业机会
I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.
我认为教学不应该局限于教室之内
I limit myself to two cups of coffee a day.
我只允许自己一天喝两杯咖啡
The amount of money we have is limited.
我们现有的钱
【高考链接】
Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also our thinking. (湖北)
direct B. limit C. change D. improve (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This dictionary uses a _____ (limit) number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. (limited)
You should limit your speed ____ 70 kilometer per hour. (to)
3. devote vt. 奉献；致力； 专心
【原句再现】
I want to devote my limited life to serving the people limitlessly. (教材P51)
【词块积累】
devotion n. 献身；忠诚；热爱；专心
devotion to duty 忠于职守
devote oneself/sth. to sth./doing sth. 把…奉献于…；致力于…
be devoted to sth./doing sth. 专心于…；致力于….
devoted n. adj. 忠诚的，忠实的
【精品例句】
She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
她为中国的妇女儿童医疗事业奉献了毕生精力
The old man devoted his life to helping the poor.
这位老人为救济穷人耗尽了毕生精力
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
如果你有一份工作，务必全身心地投入，最终你会成功的
He devoted himself entirely/all his life to education.
他将一生奉献给了教育事业。
We should devote everything we have.
我们应该奉献我们的一切。
He devoted a great sum of money to books.
他花了一大笔钱买书。
【高考链接】
Her son, to whom she was so ____, went abroad ten years ago. (湖北课改卷)
A. loved B. cared C. devoted D. affected (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The scientist devoted all his energy to _______ (do) research on the project. (doing)
4. lead to 导致；通向
【原句再现】
This led to questions such as, “Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals ” (教材P52)
【词块积累】
lead sb. to＋someplace　带领某人到某地
lead sb. to do sth. 使/带领某人做某事
lead to sb doing sth. 促使/致使某人做某事
lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活
lead the way 引路，带路
【精品例句】
Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous results.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马
Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
但是在城市里，有限的空间已经致使人们寻找新的解决方案
The long hot summer has led to serious water shortages.
漫长而炎热的夏季已经导致了严重的水源短缺
【高考链接】
Our English teacher has a strange way of leading us ________ (study) English actively.(福建卷) (to study)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This street leads you _____ the station and you can find the supermarket nearby. (to)
5. cause vt. 引起；导致；n. 原因，起因；理由，缘由；事业，理想，目标
【原句再现】
Cloning, however, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
cause and effect 因果
with/without good cause 有充分理由；毫无理由
cause sb/sth. to do sth. 使/引起某人或某物做…..
cause sb. sth. = cause sth. for sb. 给某人带来；使某人…..
辨析：cause, reason
二者作名词时，都有“原因”之意
cause 侧重指导致某事发生的起因，常用 cause of…结构
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for American women in their forties.
乳腺癌是导致四十多岁的美国女性死亡的主要原因
reason 多指做某事的理由或借口，常用 reason for….; reason why 等结构
She gave on reasons for her decision.
她没有解释自己为什么做出这个决定
We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job.
我们想知道她为什么拒绝这份工作
【精品例句】
Cars are one of the leading causes of air pollution in the world today.
汽车是当今世界空气污染的主要原因之一
Money is thought to be the root cause of all evils.
金钱被认为是万恶之源
The patient’s condition is giving cause for concern.
病人的状况令人担忧
The Nobel Prize s would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace.
诺贝尔奖将颁发给为和平、文学和科学事业做出巨大贡献的人
The club is raising a fund in support of this good cause.
该俱乐部正为赞助这项有益的事业而集资
Unpunctual people seldom realize that their habit causes problems to others.
不守时的人很少会意识到他们的习惯给别人带来不便
Everyone believes that global warming is caused by the activities of humans.
人们普遍认为全球变暖是有人类活动引起的
What caused you to change your mind
是什么让你改变了主意？
His wound caused him great suffering.
他的伤让他深受痛苦
【高考链接】
The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _____ of global climate change. (福建卷)
result B. cause C. warming D. reflection (B)
According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily ________ and effect. (湖南卷)
reason B. impact C. fact D. cause (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The heavy rain caused the river ________ (rise). (to rise)
The bad weather is causing problems ______ many farmers. (for)
6. bound adj. 准备前往 (某地)；一定会的；开往…的；n.范围，一跳；
【原句再现】
They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species, and they worry about the ethical questions this raises. (教材P53)
【词块积累】
a Paris-bound plane 飞往巴黎的飞机
be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事；有义务做某事
be bound for …. 开往；飞往；驶往
be bound up with sth. 与某事有密切关系
be bound up in sth. 忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事
go beyond bounds 超出范围
within bounds 在范围内
【精品例句】
The train is bound for Shanghai.
这列火车开往上海。
He is bound up in his work which is bound up with the welfare of the community.
他忙于工作，这项工作与社区福利事业有密切联系。
This train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing.
这列火车是从上海开往南京的。
Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble
谁说造像人一样的机器人是注定要惹出麻烦的？
He is bound to succeed in his enterprise.
他在事业上一定会成功。
Julie’s reading is improving in leaps and bounds.
朱莉的阅读能力提高得很快。
【高考链接】
So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound ______ (achieve) success．(陕西卷) (to achieve)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We'd better take a plane (that is) bound _______ China. (for)
We are bound _______ (do) what we can to help the disabled. (to do)
7. abuse n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
【原句再现】
Finally, they worry that some organizations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes. (教材P53）
【词块积累】
abuse one's power　滥用某人的权利
the abused children 受虐待的儿童
alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒
scream/shout abuse 高声谩骂/大声辱骂
child abuse 虐待儿童
social abuse社会弊端
【精品例句】
Cindy has a difficult life and is often abused by her stepmother.
辛迪生活艰难，经常遭到继母的虐待。
What went on here was an abuse of power.
这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。
He turned round and directed a torrent of abuse at me.
他转过身来冲我劈头盖脸地骂了一通。
All the children had been physically and emotionally abused.
所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。
【高考链接】
Janet ___________ (abuse) by her father since she was eleven. (山东卷) (had/has been abused)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He abused ________ (he) privileges in activities outside his official capacity. (his)
8. advance vt & vi (使) 进展；(使) 进步；(尤指士兵)前进；向前移动；(时间) 提前；(价格)上涨；预支(钱)；n. 进步；进展
【原句再现】
Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. (教材P53)
【词块积累】
advanced adj. 先进的；高级的
make great advances 取得很大进展
technological/scientific/medical advances 技术/ 科学/医学上的进步
in advance (of) 提前(.)；预先(--)
advance warning/planning/booking 预先警告/计划/订购
【精品例句】
The army advanced across the plain.
军队前进穿过平原
We have advanced greatly in our knowledge of the universe.
我们对宇宙的认识取得了很大的进步
This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.
这项研究非常有助于我们提高对语言学习的认识
The date of the meeting was advanced from July 10 to July 1.
会议日期已从7月10日提早到7月日
We are willing to advance the money to you.
我们愿意把钱预支给你
Name three advances in science and technology al this time.
说出这段时间的三项科技进步
Thank you in advance.
先行致谢
We received no advance warning of smog.
我们没有收到雾霾预警
【高考链接】
This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. (湖北课改卷) (in)
Thanks to the ______ technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. (北京卷)
(advanced)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
When students were told my rule ______________ advance of the class, some of them were not happy. (in)
She was educated at Beijing University, after which she went on to have her _______ (advanced ) study abroad. (advanced)
9. insist vt. 坚决要求; 坚持认为
【原句再现】
Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. (教材P53)
【词块积累】
insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚决要求(做)某事
温馨提示：在“insist＋that...”结构中：
※当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
※当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
【精品例句】
I insist on an immediate answer.
我坚决要求立即答复。
He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
他坚决要求在会议上讨论这个问题。
He insisted that he was right.
他坚持认为自己是对的。
He insisted on his demand.
他坚持他的要求。
She insisted on her mother's living with her.
她坚持要她母亲和她住在一起。
She insisted on leaving at once.
她坚持立刻就走。
【高考链接】
The man insisted on _____ (find) a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (湖北卷) (finding)
The manager insisted on the work __________ (do) in two hours. (山东卷) (being done)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He insisted _______ walking me to the station to see me off. (on/upon)
He insisted that the problem _____________ (discuss) at the meeting. 【(should) be discussed)】
10. contact n. 联系; 联络;交往; 触碰; 接触; 社会关系;门路; 熟人; vt. (用电话、信件等) 联络 (某人); 使接触;与…接触
【原句再现】
They can be caused by several different factors, such as virus being carried into an area, or changes in the way people live, like more people living in an area, which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a bacteria or virus. (教材P58)
【词块积累】
make contact with＝get in/into contact with…= get in touch with…与……取得联系
lose contact with… = lose touch with…与……失去联系
keep/stay in contact with… = keep/stay in touch with….与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with…= be in/out of touch with…与……有/没有联系
【精品例句】
I have managed to make contact with an old friend.
我设法与一位老朋友取得了联系
In the past, it was always easy to get a job if you had friends and contacts.
在过去，如果你有朋友和关系，找工作往往很容易
Please contact me by e-mail if you are interested in this kind of products.
如果你有兴趣，请发电子邮件与我联系。
The pilot lost contact with the control tower.
这个飞行员失去了与塔台的联系
Losing touch/contact with relatives is terrible.
与亲人失去联系是可怕的
Have you kept in contact with your classmates after graduation
你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？
I've lost contact with most of my school friends.
我已经与大部分校友失去了联系。
I have managed to make contact with an old friend.
我设法与一位老朋友取得联系
【高考链接】
One should get ______ contact with others rather than only satisfying his or her desire. (陕西卷) (in/into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In his contact others，he never forces people to accept his point of view. (with)
We agreed (contact) again as soon as possible. (to contact)
11. detail n. 细节，详情
【原句再现】
Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus. (教材P59)
【词块积累】
in detail 详细地
in more detail 更详细地
go into detail(s) 详细叙述，逐一说明
【精品例句】
Please describe in detail what you saw on the spot.
请详细描述你在现场看到的一切
Tell me more details about the job.
多告诉我一些关于这项工作的具体情况
I can’t go into details now; it would take too long.
我现在不能细说，太费时间了
【高考链接】
We’d better discuss everything ___ before we work out the plan. (江苏卷)
A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She began to tell me the plot ____ great detail. (in)
12. prove vt. 证明; 证实；(用作系动词) 证明是; 被发现是
【原句再现】
Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus. (教材P59) 【词块积累】
prove sth to sb.向某人证明某事, 此时不能说prove sb. sth.
prove sb /sth (to be) +adj/n 证明某人/某物是…
prove + that/wh-从句…..证明….
it is proved that…据证实/证明…; 经证实…..
prove oneself (to sb.) （向某人）证明自己
【精品例句】
Just give me a chance and I’ll prove it to you.
给我一个机会，我会证明给你看
They put me in prison, but, in the end, I was proved innocent.
他们把 我关进监狱，但我最终被证明是清白的
These statistics prove that gathering information is the primary use for the Internet.
这些统计数据证明 网络的主要用途是收集信息
The challenge proved how difficult it is to drive across a desert without guidance.
这个挑战证明在没有引导的情况下开车穿越沙漠是多么的困难
When I first started this job, I felt I had to prove myself.
我刚开始干这份工作的时候，觉得必须证明一下自己的实力
He proved (to be) an honest friend.
事实表明他是一个诚实的朋友
【高考链接】
It _____ (prove) that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (陕西卷) (has been proved)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
事实证明了这本书非常成功
(The book has proved (to be) very successful.)
他证明了自己的驾驶技术胜过世界冠军
(He proved himself (to be) a better driver than the world champion.)
13. infect vt.　传染；使感染
【原句再现】
Infection rates went up steadily, and in the course of the outbreak, about8,000 people were infected over nine months. (教材P59)
【词块积累】
disinfect vt. 为……消毒；给……杀菌
infectious adj. 传染性的
infection n. 传染；感染
【精品例句】
These viruses affect children and are highly infectious.
这些病毒会侵袭儿童，而且具有很强的传染性。
Infectious diseases are spreading among many of the flood victims.
传染病正在遭受洪灾的很多灾民中蔓延。
Flies and mosquitoes are carriers of infectious diseases.
苍蝇和蚊子是传染病的传播者。
【高考链接】
When I needed _______ (infect) the nursing bottles, I would come here to use the microwave oven. (江苏卷) (disinfect)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Ear _______ (infect) are common in preschool children. (of)
14. break out (战争、火灾、火山、疾病等) 突然发生，爆发
【原句再现】
Some hundred years later, the Great Flu epidemic broke out in 1918, also known as the Spanish Flu, killing 50 million people. (教材P7)
【词块积累】
break down　损坏；分解；(汽车) 抛锚；（机械类）出现故障
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break through 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
【精品例句】
John broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance.
约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，决定再也不参加任何舞会了
It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.
他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的
The prisoner broke away from the guards.
犯人挣脱了看守
The fire broke out during the day，and therefore almost no one was injured.
火灾是在白天发生的，所以几乎没人受伤
【高考链接】
The computers all broke _____ yesterday afternoon. (湖南卷) (down)
We had to break _____ the house as we had lost the key. (陕西卷) (into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relations are breaking ____．(up)
The Union was consisted of several countries，one of which broke away ______ it later because of conflicts. (from)
●本单元重要词组
15. warm up 使暖和；变暖和
… their bodies started to warm up on their own. (教材P50)
The weather had warmed up.
16. make up 形成；构成
These make up nerve cells, which are connected by electrical impulses. (教材P56)
Women makes up 56% of the student numbers.
17. at one’s best 处在最佳状态
If your brain has the correct fuel, it can work at its best. (教材P56)
The most rewarding result of doing work is that I get to know when and where to be at my best.
18. cut down on sth. 削减；缩小（尺寸，数目或数量）
One thing you can do is to cut down on junk food. (教材P57)
The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.
19. classify …. as…. 将…..归类为….；将…..界定为…..
Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. (教材P58)
Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.
20. get through…. 度过，熬过（困难或不愉快时期）
Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of disease. (教材P59)
It is hard to see how people will get through the winter.
21. Get over 从（不愉快或疾病中）恢复过来
The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas, indicating that very few people got over it. (教材P59)
He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he’ll get over it.
●句型点拨
1. while用法
【原句再现】
While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. (教材P53)
句式分析：句中while 引导让步状语从句
【能力拓展】
※ while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。
※ while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“……期间，当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
※ while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于though。
※ while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as long as。
※ while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。 此时主要用于短语中：after a while过了一会儿；for a while暂时，一会儿；all the while一直，始终等。
【精品例句】
While she was listening to the radio，she fell asleep.
她听着收音机睡着了
While there is life，there is hope.
只要有生命就有希望
The boy is good at math while his sister is good at Chinese.
那个男孩擅长数学而他妹妹擅长语文
【高考链接】
_______ a great many people like the convenience of using WeChat to communicate with each other，too many junk messages on it may make them bored. (陕西卷)
A. While B. When C. As D. Since (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
He went out for a walk，______ I stayed at home.
A. while B. though C. as D. because (A)
2. the way 后面跟定语从句的用法
【原句再现】
They can be caused by several different factors, such as a virus being carried into an area, or changed in the way people live, …… (教材P58)
句式分析：people live是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，其中the way在从句中作状语。
【能力拓展】
※ the way后面跟定语从句，the way在从句中作状语，还可以用in which或直接跟定语从句。
※ the way后面跟定语从句，the way在从句中做主语时可以用which或that引导定语从句；the way在从句中作宾语时，可以用which或that引导，也可以省略。
【精品例句】
We need to change the way we think about categories.
我们需要改变对分类的看法。
It's quite easy to make quite small changes to the way that you work
对工作方式做一些小的改变会比较容易。
Open the window in the way that the users want us to open it.
以用户希望的方式打开窗口。
【高考链接】
Without confidence，they will surely not try to find the way ________ is better for their English study. (陕西卷) (which)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I don't like the way ______ which he laughed at me. (in)
●动词的被动语态（详见语法课件）
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