北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit10 Connections Lesson1 How Closely Connected Are We?优质课件(一)(共21张PPT)

(共21张PPT)
Passive forms in the past
To learn about and practise the past passive
被动语态
英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
以下几种情况常用被动语态：
1) 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
2) 为了强调动作的承受者；
3) 主语有较长的修饰语时；
4) 通知、公告，新闻报道和科技报道等。
时态 被动语态的构成 例句
一般过去时 was / were +过去分词 I was invited to the talk show yesterday.
过去进行时 was / were + being +过去分词 The roads were being built when I passed by.
过去完成时 had been + 过去分词 All the tickets had been sold out before I arrived.
过去时中的被动语态结构：
Read the sentences. Underline the passive forms. What tense is used in each sentence
1. The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s.
2. In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically.
3. Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.
past simple passive
past simple passive
past perfect passive
past simple passive
观察归纳
4. Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film.
5. Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
past simple passive
past continuous passive
特殊结构的被动形式
1. 双宾动词的被动结构
双宾动词变为被动结构时, 一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 直接宾语不变。
如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。
e.g. He gave her some money.
She was given some money.
Some money was given to her.
2. 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。
e.g. His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
3. 带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
e.g. The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.
In our school, library books must be returned in two weeks.
4. “be+过去分词+不定式”式的被动结构
e.g. He is reported to have broken a world record.
She is said to know three languages.
5. “It + be +过去分词+从句”式的被动结构
e.g. It’s said that she has some supernatural powers.
It’s reported that they have discovered a new star.
常见的结构还有：
It is known that... 众所周知
It is suggested that... 有人建议
It is believed that... 人们相信
6. “get + done”构成被动语态
用来表示状态或情况, 常见的形式如：
get married 结婚
get engaged 订婚
get hurt/wounded 受伤
get lost 迷路
get drunk 喝醉了
get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
get dressed 穿好衣服
get run over 被(车)轧
1) 某些连系动词，如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等。
e.g. The food tasted better than it looked.
2) 某些与can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open等。
e.g. It can't move. The door won't shut.
主动形式表示被动意义
3) 某些可与well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如read, write, wash 等。
e.g. My new pen writes well.
The cloth doesn’t wash easily.
4) 在be worth doing 和be to blame 结构中，动词-ing 形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. The film is well worth seeing.
The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
5) 当want, need, require 表示“需要”时，其宾语可用动词
-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned).
Most house plants require watering (= to be watered).
Read the description of a "Six Degrees of Separation" experiment. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the passage.
We l______________ (give) the task of finding out whether the "Six Degrees of Separation" theory worked at our school. We 2.________________ (tell) about the "Small-world" experiment in the United States, where packages 3________
_________ (send) from one person to another with the aim of
were given
were told
been sent
had
getting it to a stranger in the end. While the idea behind this experiment 4____________________ (discuss) in our group, it 5_________________ (suggest) to us by our teacher that we try something similar. So we did. We couldn't send parcels, but we could send letters. Ten volunteers 6________________ (choose) to take part and they 7________________ (ask) to write a letter of introduction to another person in the school that they didn't know and then to choose someone who they thought 8 _______________ (connect) to that person to give it to.
was being discussed
was suggested
were chosen
were asked
was connected
After all the letters 9_______________ (exchange) several times, seven out of the ten target people did receive their letters with chains of five or six people in each case! We think this means that our experiment was a success and it supports the theory.
were exchanged
用所给词的正确形式填空。
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (2021全国高考甲卷)
Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ____________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it…”
(2021浙江卷)
was built
was painted
选用括号内合适的内容完成下面句子或对话。
1. Letters ________________ (are sent, will be sent) by the postman at 8 every day.
2. This bag ________________ (was found, found) on the bus yesterday.
3. The dress ________________ (doesn’t wash, can’t be washed) in hot water.
4. This tower ___________________ (has not been rebuilt, has not rebuilt) since the 1930’s.
are sent
was found
can’t be washed
has not been rebuilt
5. The machine ________________ (was being tested, tested) just when the manager came.
6. The new plan _________________ (will announce, will be announced) in two days.
7. Look! Your car ________________ (is being lifted, is lifting) off the ground.
8. When I stopped, my car ________________ (hit, was hit) from behind.
9. —What were you doing at 11 o’clock
—We _____________________ (were being interviewed, were interviewing) by a reporter.
was being tested
were being interviewed
will be announced
is being lifted
was hit
Do you have a friend or a classmate with whom you've
lost contact for long Write his / her name in the last circle of the following chart and write down your plan to get in touch with him / her.
How many steps might you
take to reach him / her
Try to use past passive in
your writing.