北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit10 Connections单元考点突破学案（有答案）

名师原创：Unit10 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. average adj. 平均的；正常的；普通的；平常的；普遍的；中等的；适中的
【原句再现】
Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us. (教材P8)
【词块积累】
be about up to the average 刚达到一般水平
on (the) average　平均来看; 一般地
above (the) average 高于平均水平
below (the) average 低于平均水平
an average of... 平均有……(后跟数词)
the average of... ……的平均数
children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童
【精品例句】
Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier.
研究人员发现，一般而言，富人更快乐一些
He was in his late twenties and of average height.
他年近三十，中等个头
I have got an average sort of car, nothing special.
我的车普普通通， 没有什么特别之处
He is working hard and his grades are above the average in his class.
他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平
The average of 3，8 and 10 is 7.
3，8，10的平均数为7
An average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class.
每个班平均有10名学生未通过考试
The temperature now is below average．
此时的气温低于平均水平
【高考链接】
Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) _____ of 40,000 per year. (江西卷)
A. average B. number C. amount D. quantity. (A)
At present a public bicycle is rented and returned four times a day _________ average.
（陕西卷） (on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The boats remain at sea for _______ average of ten days at a time. (an)
______ average, people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do. (On)
2. refer to提到，谈到；查阅，参考；指的是
【原句再现】
“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. (教材P8)
【词块积累】
reference n.提及,涉及; 参考; 推荐信;推荐人
in / with reference to关于;根据.而论
refer … to …把…委托给…
refer to...as...把……看作/称为……
【精品例句】
The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.
那位科学家在演讲中至少3次提到了全球气候变暖。
My colleague said that as the situation was unusual he would refer the matter to his editor.我同事说由于情况非同寻常,他会把这个问题交给他的编辑处理。
In reference to your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 50 yuan each.
关于你询问的价格，那部电影的票价是每张50元。
【高考链接】
1. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes. (山东卷)
A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on (B)
2. You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future . (江西卷)
A. purpose B. reference C. progress D. memory (B)
3. Here is a memo for your _____ (refer) when you answer the phones. (福建卷) (reference)
4. The word “ business ” also refers _____ an organization that provides goods and services. (全国卷.) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Tom is going to refer the matter _____ the meeting. (to)
Qiao Feng is referred to ______ a big hero. (as)
3. appear vi. ①出现 (反义词: disappear)；②参加演出; 亮相；(系动词) 似乎; 显得；出版; 刊登; 发表
【原句再现】
In the last few decades, the theory and the phrase have appeared again. 教材P9)
【词块积累】
appear (to be) + adj/n
appear to do sth
it appears + that从句
appearance n. 外观; 外貌; 外表；(常用单数) 出现; 到来；公开露面; 演出
appearance money /fee 出场费
in appearance看起来; 外貌上
【精品例句】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一个陌生人出现在我家门前
She has already appeared in a few of films.
她已参演过几部影片
The principal appeared on television to advocate the reform.
校长上了电视节目，倡导改革
She tried hard to appear (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静
It appeared that he had a taste for music.
他似乎喜欢音乐
His new book will be appearing in the spring.
他的新书将在春季出版
This well-known actor made his first appearance in 1997.
这位著名演员首次登台演出是在1997年
辨析：appear, look, seem. 三者都有“看起来”之意
appear强调根据事物的表面现象而作出判断，可能与事实不符
She didn t appear at all surprised at the news.
听到这个消息，她好像一点儿都不惊讶
look表示说话人根据视觉所作出的判断
She looks happy.
她看起来 很开心
seem指有一定根据或从某种迹象作出判断，往往接近事实
There seems to have been a mistake -- my name isn't on the list.
好像弄错了名单上面没有我 的名字
以下三个句型中，三个词不可随意换用
It looks / seems as if....
Sb/Sth looks as if….
There seems/appears to be ....
【高考链接】
He appeared ________ (be) a gentleman -- he was wearing a suit, not like a t hief at all. (四川卷) (to be)
There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear _______ (do) better. (辽宁课改卷) (to do)
Some people care much about their _________ (appear) and always ask if they look fine. (上海课改卷) (appearance)
The environmentalists said wild goats’ ________ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.
escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance (D)
【考点训练】
Don't judge by appearances, because ___ (appear) are sometimes misleading. (appearances)
The sudden ________ (appear) of a security guard scared the thief away. (appearance)
_________ appearance it is a strong building. (In)
4. crash n. 碰撞(事件); (飞机)坠毁; 哗啦声; 撞击声; 爆裂声; 暴跌; (计算机等的) 崩溃; vi&vt (使飞机) 坠毁;(使汽车等) 猛撞; (使) 发出撞击声;(使) 发出爆裂声;(公司等) 倒闭
【原句再现】
The television series Lost also explored the idea of ‘Six Degrees of Separation”, as almost all the characters had randomly met each other, or had met someone the other characters knew, before they were all in the same plane crash. (教材P9)
【词块积累】
with a crash 伴着咔嚓声
plane crash 飞机失事
car crash 汽车撞车事故
crash into…撞到….
tips for fixing computer system crashes应对计算机系统崩溃的窍门
【精品例句】
All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.
这次飞机失事，所有乘客无一幸免
At that moment, we hear a huge crash and then silence.
就在那时，我们听到哗啦一声，随后一片寂静
The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.
飞机失事的消息让我们非常难过
The plates crashed to the floor.
盘子哗啦一声摔碎在地上
She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her.
她愤怒地冲出房间，砰的一声把门关上了
The company crashed with debts of 2 million.
那家公司倒闭了，留下两百万英镑的债务
The computers that we use at the moment are old and slow, and they often crash.
我们现在使用的计算机又旧又慢，还经常死机。
【高考链接】
He crashed _____ the other youth and they both landed on the ground. (上海卷) (into)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
高高的烟囱轰然倒塌
(The tall chimney fell with a great crash.)
他开车撞到了墙上
(He crashed his car into a wall.)
5. link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
【原句再现】
The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through on more than six links. (教材P9)
【词块积累】
link...to/with...将……和……联系或连接起来
link up 连接；结合
link up with... 与……联合；使与……衔接
a link between A and B A与B之间的联系
【精品例句】
The two companies have linked.
这两家公司已联合。
The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
The new company linked up with several older ones in self protection.
那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。
【高考链接】
The country _______ (link) to the town by a new bridge. (湖北卷) (is linked)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The new tunnel links Britain ________ France. (to/with)
The two spacecraft will link up ______ each other in orbit. (with)
6. across prep. (从一边到另一边)横过; 穿过；在…另一边;在…对面；(表情)迅速(从脸上)掠过; 浮现；从/在/到…各处；adv. 横过; 在/向对面；宽; 横
【原句再现】
Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. (教材P9)
【词块积累】
walk across the bride /street / road过桥/街/马路
walk through the valley/forest/channel 穿过山谷/森林/隧道
climb a mountain/fence/wall 翻越山/篱笆/墙
辨析: across, through, over
across, through二者都有“穿过”的意思
across指横过，表示动作从一边到另一边沿物体的表面进行
through指从事物或物体的中间穿过，表示动作在某立体空间中进行
over 指从一个高的障碍物或建筑物的一边翻越到另一边
【精品例句】
France is Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.
法国是欧洲第三大国家，隔英吉利海峡与英国相望
At the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.
前门站着一个来自街对面的5岁男孩
Nelson Mandela is respected and admired across the world.
纳尔逊.曼德拉在世界各地受到尊重和敬仰
I got into the bout and rowed across.
我上船划了过去
The river is one mile across.
这条河宽一英里
【高考链接】
1. Do you think this shirt is too tight the shoulders (北京卷)
A. at B. on C. to D. across (D)
2. He suddenly saw Sue ______ the room. He pushed his way ______ the crowd of people to get to her.
A. across; across B. over through C. over; into D. across; through (D)
3. A smile of understanding flashed across Kathy’s face. (湖北卷)
Through B. over C. at D. across (D)
【考点训练】
The lake was frozen, so we walked _______ the ice. (across)
It took us hours to walk ________ the forest. (through)
The thief climbed _______ the wall and ran away. (over)
7. confirm v．证实，证明
【原句再现】
The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six. (教材P9)
【词块积累】
confirmation n．证实，证明；确认函
confirmed adj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的，坚定的
confirm to have done sth. 确认已完成某事
confirm + that/wh-从句
【精品例句】
The experiment confirmed his theory.
这个实验证实了他的理论
Once the flight is confirmed, you can pay for it.
一旦航班确定，你就可以付款了
Some people have confirmed that they will be attending the conference.
已有六人确定要参加这次会议
His guilty expression confirmed my doubt.
他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。
Can you confirm what happened next
你能证实一下接下来发生了什么事吗？
【高考链接】
I'm still waiting for _______ (confirm) of the test results. （陕西卷）(confirmation)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I am _______ (confirm) in my opinions by what you told me. (confirmation)
8. insist vt. 坚决要求; 坚持认为
【原句再现】
“No boy! But there must have been a boy,” insisted Marilla. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚决要求(做)某事
温馨提示：在“insist＋that...”结构中：
※当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
※当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
【精品例句】
I insist on an immediate answer.
我坚决要求立即答复。
He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
他坚决要求在会议上讨论这个问题。
He insisted that he was right.
他坚持认为自己是对的。
He insisted on his demand.
他坚持他的要求。
She insisted on her mother's living with her.
她坚持要她母亲和她住在一起。
She insisted on leaving at once.
她坚持立刻就走。
【高考链接】
The man insisted on _____ (find) a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (湖北卷) (finding)
The manager insisted on the work __________ (do) in two hours. (山东卷) (being done)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He insisted _______ walking me to the station to see me off. (on/upon)
He insisted that the problem _____________ (discuss) at the meeting. 【(should) be discussed)】
9. seem vi. 好像; 似乎
【原句再现】
Suddenly she seemed to grasp the full meaning of what had been said. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
seem (to be /like)+n
seem (to be) +adj.
seem to do sth.
it seems t as if/though从句
it seems (to sb) + that从句
【精品例句】
The theory without practice seems to be the cars without motors.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车
She seemed (to be) very interested.
她似乎很感兴趣
温馨提示：it seem as if/though引导的从句中常使用虚拟语气
It seems as if they didn't care about Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受
It seemed that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎
It seems to me that working experience is more important than a degree.
在我看来，工作经验比学历更重要
There seems to be some disagreement between his words and actions.
他的言行似乎不一致
温馨提示：seem后既可以接从句又可以接不定式，通常可以相互转换
It seems that he isn't happy = He doesn’t seem to be happy.
他看起来不高兴
【高考链接】
Everyone in the picture seems to ________ (put) on some weight, don't they (上海卷) (have put)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It seemed ______ a good idea. (like)
10. proceed. 向前走，继续前进；接着干，继续进行；着手，开始进行
【原句再现】
Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them she proceeded to fry stormily. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
proceed with sth. 开始/继续/着手某事
proceed for/to sth. 前往…；向…前进
proceed to do sth. 继续做某事；开始做某事；着手做某事
【精品例句】
The old man took a drink from his cup and proceeded with his story.
老人拿起杯子喝了一口，继续讲他的故事。
Let us proceed with our journey.
让我们继续旅行吧。
Let us proceed with our lesson.
我们开始上课吧。
After everyone was seated the chairman proceeded to announce his plan.
大家就坐后，主席开始宣布他的计划。
He got off the bus and proceeded home on foot.
他下了汽车，步行回家。
After taking a rest, they proceed for/to the next destination.
短暂休息之后，他们前往下一个目的地
【高考链接】
Despite the bad weather, they made great efforts to proceed _____ the peak of the mountain. （山东卷）(to/for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
After drinking a cup of tea, my mother proceeded _____ (cook) the dinner. (to cook)
11. decide on/upon… 决定；选定
【原句再现】
She decided on the small bedroom on the first floor. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
decide (wh-) to do 决定….
decide to do sth. 决定做…
decide + that＋从句 决定做……
decide + wh- 从句 决定做…
decide against sth./doing sth. 决定不做某事
decision n. 决定；决心
make/take a decision 做出决定
come to/arrive at/reach a decision 做出决定
decisive adj. 决定性的；关键性的；果断的
【精品例句】
It’s difficult to decide between the two.
两者之间难易取舍
It’s the people who decide the fate of mankind.
决定人类命运的还是人类自身
We decided against going on a holiday abroad for lack of money.
因为缺钱，我们决定不去国外度假了
I can’t decide which to choose
我不能决定选哪一个
The last game will decide who is to be the champion.
最后一局将决定谁是冠军
After leaving university，Therese decided on a career in publishing.
大学毕业后，特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。
We're still trying to decide on a venue.
我们仍然尽力选定一个会场。
I am already an adult，so I should decide on my own life.
我已经是个成年人了，我应该决定自己的生活。
【高考链接】
They have chewed the problem over for hours and hope to reach a ______ (decide) soon.
(福建卷) (decision)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Choosing your future career is an extremely important ______ (decide). (decision)
Now that you decide _______ (go)，you'd better go at once. (to go)
12. corner n. 拐角，角，端，角落；远方，天涯海角；v. 把…逼入困境；使走投无路
【原句再现】
In one corner was the bed, a high, old-fashioned one of dark wood. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
(just) around/round the corner 在附近；即将来临
【精品例句】
Please turn right at the second corner.
请在第二个拐角处向右转
When you finish viewing a page, you can click on this icon at the top right hand corner to exit the page.
当你浏览完网页时，点击右上角的这个图标退出
The teacher made the boy sit in the corner.
老师让那个男孩坐在角落里
Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier.
周游世界变得越来越容易
He lives just round the corner.
他就住在附近
Victory is just around the corner.
胜利在望
【高考链接】
The believe that there are transport developments ______ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better. (安徽卷) (around/round)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The lunar new year is _______ the corner. (around/round)
13. variety n. 多样性; 变化; 种类
【原句再现】
There were a wide variety of acts, most of which were singing and dancing. (教材P18)
【词块积累】
variety n. 多样性; 变化; 种类
a variety of＝varieties of….. 许多的；各种各样的
a new variety of rose玫瑰的新品种
various adj.不同的; 各种各样的
various kinds of theme parks各种各样的主题公园
variously adv各种各样地
variation n.变化; 差别
the seasonal variation季节性变化
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with sth. 随……而变化
vary between...and...＝vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
【精品例句】
Chinese food is famous for its wide variety.
中餐以菜系多样而闻名(重庆)
Variety is the spice of life.
变化是生活的调味品
After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.
毕竟，两个国家各自内部的口音差别可能 跟两国之间的口音差别一样大
Opinions vary on that point.
在那一点上意见各不相同
The weather here varies from hour to hour.
这儿的天气时刻都在变化
【高考链接】
More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great____ of goods.
(湖北卷) (A)
variety B. mixture C. extension D. combination
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The club offers a wide _____ (vary) of games to the local teenagers. (variety)
As a child, Chamberlain had _____ (variety) various health problems. (various)
14. appeal. vi&vt上诉；呼吁；打动vi呼吁; 恳请；vi有吸引力；有感染力；申诉；n. 呼吁；恳请；吸引力；魅力；上诉；申诉；上诉权
【原句再现】
The acts appealing to children were particularly popular. ((教材P18)
【词块积累】
appeal (to sb.) (for sth.) 呼吁/恳请某人提供…..
appeal (to friends) for help 恳请(朋友)帮助
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳请某人做某事
appeal to…. 有吸引力；有感染力
make launch an appeal for money and clothes 呼吁捐钱捐衣物
wide popular appeal广受欢迎
lose an appeal 上诉失败
appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的
【精品例句】
The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
政府呼吁人人节约用水。
Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women 体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。
She's not happy with the decision and plans to appeal.
她不服判决， 打算上诉。
The prisoner made an appeal to the judge for mercy.
囚犯恳求法官宽大处理。
The sentence was reduced to three years on appeal.
通过上诉，刑期减为三年。
Harry Potter stories are so appealing that they encourage children t o read more.
《哈利，波特》的故事太吸引人了, 使得孩子们读了还想再读
The pet dog looked at her master with an appealing and frightened look.
这只宠物狗带着一副哀求和惊恐的表情看着她的主人。
【高考链接】
We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts. (浙江卷)
A. block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across （B）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The police are appealing ______ the public for any information about the missing girl. (to)
●本单元重要词组
15. hang out 闲逛，逗留；泡在某处
The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park. (教材P6)
The local kids hang out at the mall.
16. agree to disagree 保留各自意见；求同存异
We always agree to disagree if we need to. (教材P6)
Women makes up 56% of the student numbers.
17. sort out 解决（问题）；理清（细节）
We’ve sorted out our problems now. (教材P7)
He would sort out his own problems, in time.
I wanted to sort out this problem with him, but it was in vain.
18. a chain of….. 一系列，一连串（人或事）
….through a chain of no more than five other people. (教材P8)
Now he has a chain of 11 restaurants.
A chain of events spoiled my plan.
19. deliver sth. to….. 递送；传送；交付
Once the parcel had been received by this person, he or she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. (教材P9)
Leaflets have been delivered to every household.
20. keep up 继续保持/维持某事物
In the 1960s, younger Rosetans would not keep up the traditional lifestyle. (教材P12)
The enemy kept up the attack all through the night.
21. burst into…. 突然…起来（尤指唱歌、哭、笑等）
I’m going to burst into tears! (教材P14)
Suddenly, the group burst into laughter.
22. the depths of sth. （坏情绪或坏情况）最强烈的时刻，最糟糕的时刻
I’m in the depths of despair. (教材P15)
The country was falling into the depths of economic crisis.
●句型点拨
1. 完全倒装
【原句再现】
In one corner was the bed, a high, old-fashioned one of dark wood. (教材P15)
句式分析：本句为完全倒装句。正常语序为The bed, a high, old-fashioned one of dark wood was in one corner.
【能力拓展】
需要完全倒装的情况：
※ 表示方向、地点和时间的副词in, out, down, up, off, back, away, over, there, now, then, here等位于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，要全部倒装。
※ 表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时，常见的介词有：among, between, in, at, beneath等。
※ “表语＋系动词＋主语”结构中。
温馨提示：在完全倒装中，若主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。
The door opened and in he came.
门开了，他走了进来。
【精品例句】
Gone are the days when we lived a poor life.
我们所过的穷日子一去不复返了。
Among the guests is the person you are looking for.
在客人中间的那位正是我们在找的人。
Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙丘中。
To be carefully considered are the following questions.
下列问题要仔细考虑。
【高考链接】
Into the dark room _______ (walk) David, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday. (湖北卷) (walked)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Out ______ (rush) a pack of dogs when he was about to enter the yard. (rushed)
In _____ (come) the teacher, and we all stood up to say hello to him. (came)
2. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想做某事
【原句再现】
THEY ARE GOING TO VISIT US IN London next year and I can't wait to show them around. (教材P17)
句式分析：句中can't wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待地想做某事”。
【能力拓展】
can hardly wait to do sth.= can hardly wait for sth.= cannot wait to do sth.= cannot wait for sth. 迫不及待地想做某事
【精品例句】
I can't wait to get out of these wet clothes.
我迫不及待地要脱下这些湿衣服。
We can hardly wait to see them!
我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！
I can't wait to meet my old classmates.
我急切地想见到我的老同学们。
【高考链接】
I can hardly wait ______ (see) that movie. (湖北卷) (to see)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I can hardly wait _____ your answer. (for)
●强调句型（详见语法课件）
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