人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness单词、短语及句式学案（含答案）

Unit 3课文重点单词、短语及重点句式
Part I 课文重点单词
1.host [h ust] ① v. 主办，主持 ② n. 主人，东道主
【教材原句】Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.
【高考真句】Guy Harvold, 24, had picked up the students and three course leaders from Gatwick Airport, and they were travelling to Bournemouth to meet their host family. （2017浙江）
【词性拓展】hostess n. 女主人
【常见搭配】host country 东道国，主办国
【练一练】完成句子。
1. The may impose foreign exchange control.
东道国则可能强行实施外汇管制。
The welcomed her friends at the door.
2. sweat [swet] ① vt. 使出汗 ② vi. 流汗 ③ n.汗水
【教材原句】Sweat your way to good health.
【高考真句】I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. (2018北京)
Earn your bread with your sweat. (2016浙江)
【词性拓展】sweater n. 毛线衣，运动衫 sweaty adj. 出汗的，吃力的
【常见搭配】cold sweat 冷汗
【练一练】句子翻译。
___________________________________________________________________________
她的手和脖子开始流汗。
3. determination [di t mi nei n] n. 决心，决定
【教材原句】When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination was tested.
【高考真句】Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. (2015 安徽)
【词性拓展】
determine vt.&vi. (使)下决心，(使)做出决定
determined adj. 坚定的，毅然的
【常见搭配】
the determination to do sth. 做某事的决心
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
【练一练】请用determine, determined, determination填空。
1. This made Hannah very sad, and even more_____________to do somthing. (2017北京)
2. The Baltic（波罗的海） people have a right to_____________their own future.
3.The failure only strengthened our_____________.
4. injured [ ind d] adj. 受伤的，有伤的
【教材原句】One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.
【高考真句】I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
【词性拓展】injure vt. 使受伤，损害 injury n. 伤害，损害
【常见搭配】be seriously/slightly injured 受重/轻伤
【练一练】请用injury, injure, injured填空。
1. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she_____________he neck. (2016全国卷)
2. These chemicals come from the_____________parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. （2017全国卷）
3. As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent_____________. (2019天津)
5. strength [stre θ] n. 力量，体力
【教材原句】Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.
【高考真句】It is an opportunity to be social, release endorphins(内啡肽), and improve your strength.(2015福建)
【词性拓展】strengthen v. 加强，巩固
【常见搭配】physical strength 体力 strengthen the awareness 强化意识
【练一练】句子翻译。
____________________________________________________________________________
我们应该定期锻炼以增强体质。
6. compete [k m pi t] vi. 竞争，对抗
【教材原句】An athlete should think about honor and his fans if he is competing for his country.
【高考真句】…suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.
( 2018江苏)
【词性拓展】competition n. 竞争，比赛 competitor n. 竞争者，对手
competitive adj. 竞争的，比赛的
【常见搭配】compete in sth. 参加某项比赛 compete with/against sb./sth. 与……竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
【练一练】请用competition, compete, competitor, competitive填空。
1. They will_____________for prizes totalling nearly $3,000.
2. The winners of the_____________will be announced（公布）next month.
3. Working in such a_____________industry, I have sometimes thought I can't do this any more. (2017天津)
4. China is a_____________to the west and America in particular.
7. pretend [pri tend] v. 假装，装扮
【教材原句】A soccer palyer should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his team.
【高考真句】I ’m not suggesting you ignore problems, or that you pretend things are better than they are.
【常见搭配】pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 sb. pretend (that)…… 某人假装……
【练一练】句子翻译。
____________________________________________________________________________
他假装开心， 但是事实上他很难过。
8. diet [ dai t] ①n. 日常饮食 ②vi. 节食
【教材原句】I worried about my weight and try every new diet I read about online.
【高考真句】By eating more fast food, people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国卷)
【经典例句】The sauce(酱汁) is thick and rich so don’t bother trying to diet.(柯林斯)
【常见搭配】
balanced and healthy diet 均衡健康饮食 be on a diet 节食
【练一练】句子翻译。
____________________________________________________________________________
研究显示，素食（vegetarian）是一种健康均衡的饮食。
9. compare [k m pe ] v. 比较，比喻
【教材原句】Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.
【高考真句】Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress(强调) his importance in literature.
【经典例句】Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。
【词性拓展】comparision n. 比较，对照 comparative adj. 比较(上)的
【常见搭配】
compare A with/to B 把A和B作比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
【练一练】句子翻译。
____________________________________________________________________________
把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
____________________________________________________________________________
人们经常把小孩比喻成快乐的小鸟。
Part 02短语精讲
英文 中文 英文 中文
come along 跟随，到达，进步，赶快 track and field 田径
work out 锻炼，计算出，解决 make it 获得成功，准时到达
set an example 树立榜样 fall apart 破裂，破碎，崩溃
lose heart 丧失信心，泄气 give up 放弃，投降
make sense 有道理，合乎情理，表达清楚 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
even if/though 即使，虽然 make a difference 有作用或影响
rather than 而不是 cut out 停止做（ 或使用、食用
now and then 有时，偶尔 compare with/to 与......比较
【练一练】选用上述短语完成句子。
Would you like to 你想一起来吗？
Come an at a gym. 来体育馆锻炼。
Sweat your way to good health! 用汗水浸湿你通往健康的路。
You can . 你能获得成功。
The team that Lang Ping had built was .
郎平建立的团队崩溃了。
Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not .
失去两个重要的队员是一个大的挑战，但是郎平没有放弃。
I have no idea a letter could such !
我没想到一封信能有如此大的影响！
I started thinking about fitness weight, things began to change.
我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情开始发生变化。
Rather than the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meal.
不是停止吃我喜欢吃的食物，而是增加健康的食物到我的饮食中。
I could still have a burger , but I would add a salad or an apple.
我现在时不时还能吃汉堡，但是我会增加沙拉或者苹果。
That doesn't .
那没有任何意义。
Finally, I stopped actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.
最后，我不再和女演员或者模特比较，也不去寻找我脸上或者身体上的毛病了。
Part 03句型精讲
（一）限制性定语从句
【句子展示】
①They must be athletes who are masters in their aports and also set good examples for others.
②The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart.
③The player who became known as "Air Jordan" changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.
④Jordon's skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.
⑤The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
【归纳总结】
序号 先行词 关系词 所充当成分
① athletes who 主语
②
③
④
⑤
在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可以用that/who，在从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可使用who的宾格形式whom；当先行词指物时，关系词可以用that/which，在从句中充当主语或宾语。
(二)反义疑问句
【句子展示】
1 阅读以下对话并画出反意疑问句的句子以及回答，观察它们的构成和用法：
1 Amy: It's not a real sport, is it Shen Qi: Yes, it is.
2 Adam: That sounds interesting, doesn't it Julie: Sure, it does.
3 Lin Tao: Hi It's a beautiful day, isn't it
Han Jing: Yes, it is. I'm going to play soccer. Can you come along and join us
Lin Tao: Sorry, I can't. I' ve got to meet my adviser,. By the way, our school soccer team won at last, didn't they
Han Jing: No, they didn't. Its too bad.
常是完成句子：
1. The pencil is yours, ______
这支铅笔是你的,不是吗
2. Jenny likes English, __________
珍妮喜欢英语,不是吗
3. That was a wonderful film, ________
那是个非常棒的电影,不是吗
一、 定义：附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者意见。
二、 附加疑问句的组成
1. 肯定式陈述部分+否定式疑问部分（前肯后否）
Eg. You often play badminton, don’t you 你经常打羽毛球，是吗？
2. 否定式陈述部分+肯定式疑问部分（前否后肯）
Eg. It isn't a beautiful flower, is it 那不是美丽的花，是吗？
3. 当陈述部分含有否定词的附加疑问句
（1）当陈述句中含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, little, few, none, neither, no, not, nowhere, nothing no one, nobody等否定意义的词时，后面的附加疑问句则为肯定形式。
Eg. He hardly goes to school by car, does he 他几乎不开车去上学，是吗？
You have never been to Paris, have you 你从没去过巴黎，是吗？
（2）如果陈述句中仅含否定前缀的词unhappy, dislike, impossible等，则后面的附加疑问句仍为否定形式。
Eg. He is unfit for his job, isn’t he 他不适合这项工作，是吗？
It is impossible, isn't it 那不可能，是吗？
4. 祈使句的附加疑问句
（1）肯定的祈使句+ will you /won’t you
（2）否定的祈使句+will you
e along with me, will you / won’t you 跟我来，好吗？
（3）Let's 开头的祈使句，附加疑问句用shall we
（4）Let us 开头的祈使句，附加疑问句用will you
（5）Let me引导的祈使句，附加疑问句用will you /may I
Eg. Let's go and listen to the music, shall we 让我们去听音乐，好吗？
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you 我们在阅览室等你，好吗？
Let me do it for you, may I 让我来为你做这件事，好吗？
Let me have a rest, will you 让我休息一下，好吗？
【归纳总结】
1. 附加疑问句的组成：陈述部分+附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。前后遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。
2. 附加疑问句的问答与一般疑问句类似。如，
---David has been to a boxing match, hasn't he
---No, he hasn't. He always watches boxing on TV.
【练一练】请补充附加疑问部分的内容。
Linda ate nothing this morning, _____________
There is hardly any milk in the bottle, _____________
Everything seems all right, _____________
Let's go there by bus, _____________
They can't finish it by Friday, _____________
Unit 3课文重点小结
Ⅰ.词性转变
1. fit--fitness--unfit (adj--n--反adj)健康的--健康--不健康的
2. ski--skiing (v--现在分词)滑雪
3. honor--honored--honorable(v/n--adj--adj) 尊敬/荣幸--荣幸的--可敬的
4. glory--glorious(n--adj) 光荣--光荣的
5. champion --championship (n--n) 冠军--冠军赛
6. determine--determined-determination (v--adj--n) 决定--坚定的--决定
7. injure--injured--injury(v--adj--n) 损害，受伤--受伤的--伤害
8. grace--graceful (n--adj) 优雅--优雅的
9. strong--strength--strengthen(adj--n--v) 强壮的--优点，体力--加强
10. fail--failure (v--n) 失败
11. compete--competition--competitor --competitive(v--n--n(人)--adj) 竞争--竞争--竞争者--竞争激烈的
12. slim--slimmer(adj--n(人)) 苗条的--减肥者
pare-- comparison (v--n) 比较
14. jog--jogging (v/n--现在分词)慢跑
15. stress--stressed--stressful (v/n--adj--adj) 压力--有压力的--压力大的
Ⅱ.课文重点短语
1.come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快
2.track and field田径
3.work out锻炼；计算出；解决
4.make it获得成功；准时到达
5.set an example树立榜样
6.fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
7.lose heart丧失 信心；泄气
8.give up 放弃；投降
Ⅲ.课文重点句式
限制性定语从句
附加疑问句
Unit 3课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习答案
Part I 课文重点单词
题号 答案
1 host country; hostess
2 Her hands and her neck began to sweat.
3 determined; determine; determination
4 injured; injured; injuries
5 We should work out regularly to strengthen our body.
6 compete; competition; competitive; competitor
7 He pretends to be happy, but actually he is very sad.
8 Studies show that vegetarian is a healthy and balanced diet.
9 1. It is interesting to compare their situation with ours. 2. Children are often compared to happy birds.
Part 02短语精讲
题号 答案
1 come along; work out; make it; falling apart; give up; make a difference; cutting out; now and then; make any sense; comparing myself with
Part 03句型精讲
题号 答案
1 ②team; that; 宾语 ③player; who; 主语 ④mental strength; that; 宾语 ⑤The Boys and Girls Club; which; 宾语
2 （一） isn’t it 2.doesn’t she 3.wasn’t it (二) did she; is there; does it; shall we; can they