北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册 学案Unit11 Conflict And Compromise 单元考点突破（含答案）

名师原创：Unit11 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. claim n．&vt. 夺取(生命)；主张；宣称；认领；索取；夺去；断言
【原句再现】
One neighbor also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
claim to be/do... 声称/自称做……
It is claimed that... 据称……
Sb. claim that …..声称….
make a claim 声称；断言
【精品例句】
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fighting against cancer.
科学家们称在抗癌领域取得了重大突破
Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
在过去的100年中，地震夺去了超过160万人的生命
We agree to accept all your claim.
我方同意接受贵方的所有索赔
We will see those who claim to be leaders for the peace.
我们将看到那些声称自己带来和平的领导人
It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.
据称有些医生每周工作80小时
【高考链接】
In health food stores，you'll find dozens of products that claim __ (do) wonders for your brain. (江西课改卷) (to do)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He claimed himself ___ (be) the owner of the car. (to be)
He made _____ claim that he would be elected as president of the company. (a)
2. influence n．影响，作用，感化力；势力；v. 影响
【原句再现】
One neighbor also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
have influence on…对……有影响
have influence over …..有左右……的力量
under the influence of…在……影响下
influential adj. 有很大影响力的；有支配力的
【精品例句】
The Mid Autumn Festival is an influential festival observed by us.
中秋节是我们过的一个有很大影响力的节日。
We can brainstorm a list of the most influential individuals in the company.
我们可以集体讨论，列出该公司中最有影响的人员的名单。
He is one of the most influential performers of modern jazz.
他是现代爵士乐最有影响力的表演者之一。
【高考链接】
Listening to the music has a calming influence _______ her. (河北卷) (on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
His parents no longer have any real influence _______ him. (over)
3. add vt. 增添; 增加；vi & vt (使) 相加；vt补充说
【原句再现】
She added that it wasn’t only the water failing onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them, but also the way the cleaned his fish tanks. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
add up把…加起来; 合计
add to增加
add up to合计达;结果是
add weight to sth.为某事物增加影响力/说服力
in addition 除此之外；另外
addition n. 加法；增加
in addition to＝besides＝apart/aside from/as well as… 除……之外，还……
additional adj. 附加的;另外的; 追加的
【精品例句】
The sign "+ "stands for addition.
符号“十”代表加法
The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely
available.
该公司提供廉价的互联网接入服务。此外，它还免费提供共享软件
If the tea is too strong, add some more water.
茶若太浓，就再加些水
Add 7 and 5 (together) to make 12.
7加5等于12。
"And don't be late," she added.
“别迟到了,” 她补充道
The President agreed, adding that he hoped for a peaceful solution.
总统表示赞同，补充说他希望和平解决方法
Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.
各种颜色的伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。
Add up your score and see how many points you get.
把你的分数加起来，看看你得多少分
His debts added up to $5,000.
他的欠债合计达到5000美元
【高考链接】
___ the school, the village has a clinic which was also built with government support. (天津卷)
A. In reply to B. In addition to C. In charge of D. In place of (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In addition to __________ (read) for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. (reading)
Rude words, name-calling, and accusations only add fuel ______ the emotional fire. (to)
Remember: little steps add up _____ big dreams. (to)
The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added ____ the helplessness of the crew at sea. (to)
4. equipment n. 装备，设备，用具
【原句再现】
Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as our representatives. (教材P36)
【词块积累】
a piece/set of equipment　一件/套设备
poorly/well equipped
equip vt．装备，配备；使有准备，使有资格
equip sb./sth. with sth. 给…装备/配备；使…具备（技能等）
【精品例句】
They can not afford to equip their army properly.
他们没有财力好好装备自己的军队
The boys equipped themselves with food, tents and sleeping bags for their journey.
男孩们为他们的旅行准备了事物，帐篷和睡袋
The manager decided to equip the workshop with modern machines.
经理决定用现代化的设备装备车间
Equipped with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland to produce more.
采用新的科学种植法他们能用更少的耕地产出更多的粮食
We equip students with the skills they will need once they leave college.
我们要使学生掌握大学毕业后所需的技能
The government has an interest in bringing in new equipment.
政府对引进新设备非常感兴趣
With the modern equipment，our work was finished ahead of time.
有了现代设备，我们的工作提前完成了
After a fire broke out in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室起火后，大量设备被损坏了
【高考链接】
I have been busy preparing all the broken office _____ (equip) these days. (湖北课改卷）(equipment)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
As students，we should equip ourselves _____ knowledge. (with)
Our new school ______ (equip) with all the necessaries in teaching. (is equipped)
5. award vt. 授予；授奖；颁奖 n．奖品
【原句再现】
I got a phone call from the chief nurse, saying, “You’ve got a patient there who is going to get an award. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
an award of $10000 10000美元的奖金
win/receive/get/obtain/gain an award (from….) (从……) 赢得/得到/获得奖项
award sb. sth. (for sth.) (因某事) 颁发给某人某物
award sth. to sb. = award sb. sth. 授予某人某物
【精品例句】
The award for this year’s best actress went to Jennifer Lawrence.
本年度最佳女演员的得奖者是詹妮弗. 劳伦斯。
They awarded John the first prize. = They awarded the first prize to John.
他们授予约翰一等奖。
The court awarded damages of $5,000 to the injured man.
法庭判给伤者5000美元的赔偿金。
A medal was awarded to the best speller in the class.
班里拼写最好的学生荣获了一枚奖章。
The judge awarded him a large sum of money as damages.
法官判给他一大笔伤害赔偿金
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.
奖章被授予辩论队中的最佳演说者
The child smiled at his teacher as he received the award.
这个孩子获奖时朝他的老师笑了
【高考链接】
The boy was proud to _________ (award) by the government for his saving the woman’s life. (陕西卷) (be awarded)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
_________ (award) by the school for her saving the baby's life，the girl was very proud. (Awarded)
The worker was proud to receive ________ award from the factory for his saving the boy's life. (an)
6. admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏
【原句再现】
I really admire him for that. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
admire sb.for (doing)sth.　因 (做) 某事钦佩某人
admiration n. 钦佩；赞美；羡慕
express admiration for sb./sth. (表示)羡慕/钦佩某人/物
admiring adj. 赞赏的；羡慕的
admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞美的
【精品例句】
My deskmate admires my fluent English very much.
我同桌非常羡慕我流利的英语
Many people around the world admire China for its great contributions to the world peace.
世界各地的许多人钦佩中国对世界和平所做的巨大贡献
I admire him for his bravery and learning.
我钦佩他胆识过人，学识渊博
I admired him for his challenging the world championship.
我因为他向世界冠军挑战而钦佩他
【高考链接】
Lewis was admired his work on the advanced medical research. (全国卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Everybody (admire) him for his fine sense of humor. (admires)
Walking in the street，she attracts a lot of (admire) glances. (admirable)
7. allow vt.允许; 准许 (同意词permit); vt.& vi. 使...有可能
【原句再现】
In many countries, there are already laws which do not allow advertising for tobacco products like cigarettes. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
allowance 限额; 限量; 津贴;补贴;零用钱
make allowance(s) for….= allow for…. 考虑到…..; 顾及….；体谅….
allowable adj. 允许的；免税的
the daily allowance of Vitamin C
维生素C的每日摄入量
travelling allowances 出差补助
allow doing sth.允许做某事
allow sb / sth to do sth. 允许某人或某物做某事
allow sb. sth. 允许某人某事
allow for考虑到; 顾及; 留出; 给出 (时间、金钱、食物等)
【精品例句】
If you were head of the government, would you allow cloning
如果你是政府首脑，你会准许克隆吗
Her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes to.
她父母不准她去参加聚会， 但她还是想去
Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
有家长陪同时儿童才能进入体育馆
The large seat allows the driver greater freedom of movement.
宽大的座椅使司机的活动更加自如。
The new system will allow for more efficient use of resources.
新系统将使资源得到更有效的利用
Have you allowed yourself enough time to get to the airport
你已留出足够的时间去机场了吗
Allowing for the bad weather; we should set off right now.
考虑到天气不好，我们应该马上出发
Making allowances for his poor health, his boss allowed him to work six hours a day instead of eight.
老板体谅他身体不好，让他每天工作六小时而不是八小时
【高考链接】
As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed _____ into the sports club (上海卷) A. going B. to go C. go D. gone (B)
The writing point of the pen should ______ the ink to flow evenly(均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. (安徽卷)
A. change B. allow C. reduce D. press (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
-- Can I smoke here --Sorry, We don' allow _______ (smoke) here. (smoking)
Allowing ______ the bad weather, we should set off right now. (for)
8. in addition 除此之外；另外
【原句再现】
In addition, drinking alcohol results in a wide range of diseases. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
addition n. 加法；增加
in addition to＝besides＝apart/aside from/as well as… 除……之外，还……
additional adj. 附加的;另外的; 追加的
add vt. 增添; 增加；vi & vt (使) 相加；vt补充说
add up把…加起来; 合计
add to增加
add up to合计达;结果是
add weight to sth.为某事物增加影响力/说服力
【精品例句】
The sign "+ "stands for addition.
符号“十”代表加法
The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely
available.
该公司提供廉价的互联网接入服务。此外，它还免费提供共享软件
If the tea is too strong, add some more water.
茶若太浓，就再加些水
Add 7 and 5 (together) to make 12.
7加5等于12。
"And don't be late," she added.
“别迟到了,” 她补充道
The President agreed, adding that he hoped for a peaceful solution.
总统表示赞同，补充说他希望和平解决方法
Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.
各种颜色的伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。
Add up your score and see how many points you get.
把你的分数加起来，看看你得多少分
His debts added up to $5,000.
他的欠债合计达到5000美元
【高考链接】
___ the school, the village has a clinic which was also built with government support. (天津卷)
A. In reply to B. In addition to C. In charge of D. In place of (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In addition to __________ (read) for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. (reading)
Rude words, name-calling, and accusations only add fuel ______ the emotional fire. (to)
Remember: little steps add up _____ big dreams. (to)
The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added ____ the helplessness of the crew at sea. (to)
8. range n. 一系列；范围；界限；距离；山脉；vt.包括，处于…范围内
【原句再现】
In addition, drinking alcohol results in a wide range of diseases. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
a full/wide range of…. 各种各样的；范围广泛的；一套；一系列
a range of services / products 一整套服务/一系列产品
in / within range (of) 在…范围之内
beyond/out of range (of) 超出…范围
range from A to B 范围从…到…
range between A and B 在A和B之间范围变动
【精品例句】
College students come from a wide range of social, cultural and economic backgrounds.
大学生年龄参差不齐，有着不同的社会、文化和经济背景
Most of the students are in the 16-19 age range.
大部分学生的年龄在16-19之间
The price was beyond our range, so we declined.
那个价格超出了我们承受的范围，所以我们拒绝了
Do not miss this opportunity to see whales at close range.
别错过了近距离看鲸的机会
Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.
在意大利和法国之间有一座山脉叫阿尔皮斯山
【高考链接】
The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ______ (range) from butterflies to elephants. (北京卷) (ranging)
This restaurant has become popular for its wide _____ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. （陕西卷）
A. division B. area C. range D. circle (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The show had a massive audience, _____ (range) from children to grandparents. (ranging)
When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed ____ a range of speed-limiting. (in/within)
9. worthwhile 值得花时间/精力的
【原句再现】
The money invested in making these unhealthy products could be used for more worthwhile businesses, such as those that improve our environment. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth. 做某事是值得的
worth adj. 值…的；具有…价值的；prep. 值得
be worth sth. 值…
be worth doing sth. 值得做
It is worth doing sth. 值得做
联系：worthy和worthwhile
worthy 值得的；有价值的
be worthy of sth. 值…
be worthy of being done
=be worthy to be done值得（被）…
worthless adj. 无价值的；无用的
【精品例句】
The old stamp is worth about 5000yuan.
这枚邮票值5000元左右
Although we take an hour a day for exercise, it is well worth it.
虽然我们每天都要锻炼一个小时，但一切都是值得的
It is worth visiting the art museum.
那个美术馆值得一去
It is worthwhile comparing/to compare prices.
有必要比较一下价格
His achievements are worthy of the highest praise.
他的成就值得给予最高奖赏
The young man is worthy to be taught.
孺子可教
The movie is worthy of being seen once more.
这部电影值得再看
His daughter felt it more than worthwhile to save his music.
他的女儿觉得保存他的音乐很有价值
It is worthwhile to discuss the problem further.
进一步讨论这个问题是值得的
Thank you for making my visit worthwhile.
谢谢你让我的拜访如此值得
【高考链接】
Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes ____. (湖北卷.完型)
A. favorable B. precious C. essential D. worthwhile (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Good opinions are worth __ (stick) to because they can benefit us all. (浙江卷) (sticking)
10. conclude vt. 推断出；得出结论；使结束；vi. 结束；终止
【原句再现】
To conclude laws to ban TV advertisements of unhealthy products are beneficial to society. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
conclude...from...从……中推断出……
conclude (from sth.)that... (从某事中)推断出……； (从某事中)断定……
conclude sth. with.../by doing...以……结束……
conclusion n. 结论；推论；结束
draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion得出结论
in conclusion = in a word = in brief = all in all = in short = on the whole 最后；总之；总而言之
to conclude 最后
【精品例句】
Aristotle concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones.
亚里士多德推断出重物总比轻物下落得快。
The story concluded with a happy ending.
这个故事有一个大团圆的结局。
To conclude, I’d like to express my thanks to my family.
最后我要对我的家人表示感谢。
We concluded not to wait any more.
我们决定不再等了。
The doctors concluded that he had suffered a stroke.
医生诊断他中风了。
What do you conclude from all this
你从所有这一切当中得出了什么结论？
【高考链接】
We will have a further discussion before we draw a final ______ (conclude) （陕西卷）
(conclusion)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
______ conclusion, I would like to say the film Born in China is worth seeing. (In)
She concluded her performance _______ a poem. (with)
What can we conclude ______ the conversation (from)
11. argue 争论v，争辩
【原句再现】
Some argue that this is just greed – that the amount of money is far too much for the injury suffered – and besides, it’s not the shop’s fault that a mother can’t control her child anyway. ( 教材P44)
【词块积累】
argument n. 争论，辩论；论证；论据; 理由; 论点
argue with sb. about/over …= have an argument with sb. about/over…就某事与某人争论/辩论/争吵
without argument 无可争辩
argue sb. into /out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
argue for / against sth./doing sth.为支持（赞成）/反对….而争论
it is beyond argument that..是无可争辩的
【精品例句】
Do they often argue with each other about the time and place of a meeting
他们经常为会议的时间和地点相互争吵吗？
She argued for / against cutting the budget.
她据理主张/反对削减预算
Settle the question by argument, not by fighting.
解决这个问题要靠说理，而不是靠打架
【高考链接】
It ________ (argue) by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes.
(广东卷) (has been argued)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
My parents were _____ a huge argument, and I was really upset about it. (in)
We all found his ________ (argue) convincing and interesting. (argument)
12. complain v．抱怨，不满，发牢骚；投诉
【原句再现】
If you think that going on holiday is a good way to get away from all this trouble, think again – millions of people complain to the British Tourist Authority every year, and many receive some form of compensation. (教材P45)
【词块积累】
complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth. (向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚
complain (to sb.) that．．． (向某人)抱怨……
complaint n. 抱怨；投诉；控告
make a complaint 抱怨，投诉
a letter of complaint 投诉信
【精品例句】
I have no complaint about my pay.
关于薪水我没有什么不满
In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint to each other but understanding of each other.
困难的时候，我们需要的不是相互抱怨而是相互理解
It's no use complaining without taking any action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的
I'm going to complain to the manager about this.
我将就此事向经理提意见
All the tourists complained about the bad service in that restaurant.
所有游客都抱怨那家餐馆劣质的服务
【高考链接】
The most common _______ (complain) is about poor service. (湖北卷) (complaint)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The manager complained ____ us about there being too many complaints from customers this month. (to)
13. deal n. 买卖，交易；协议 v. 买卖，经营；谈及；处理；对付；相处
【原句再现】
Staff at a famous company is used to dealing with requests for compensation following poor weather, …… （教材P45）
【词块积累】
a great/good deal 许多，大量
a great/good deal of…（后接不可数名词）许多的…, 大量的…
a great/good deal of money/time /water…
deal with处理； 应付； 对付； 相处；与…打交道/做生意；涉及/论及
辨析:
deal with 和 do with
相同点：都有“”的意思，一般可以换用，例如：，
This problem is difficult to deal with.
= This problem is difficult to do with.
The old man is difficult to deal with.
= The old man is difficult to do with.
不同点：deal with 还有“与…打交道/做生意”和“涉及/论及”之意，而do with 则另有“与…有关系”之意。deal with 通常与how连用，而do with 通常与what 连用，
例如：
The boss has dealt with the computer company for many years.
These villagers have been dealing with the people all over the world.
The accident yesterday had something to do with the driver’s carelessness.
Thomas Edison always asked some questions that had nothing to do with his study.
They didn’t how to deal with these old desks. （此句中只能用deal with）
What are you going to do with this problem (词句中只能用do with)
【原句再现】
How did she deal with new challenges
【精品例句】
Although she had never met that expert, she knew a great deal about him.
尽管他从没见见过那位专家，但对他很了解
It takes a good deal of effort to do the job well.
做好这件工作需要花大量的精力
Those scientists discussed all the ways to deal with the problem.
那些科学家讨论了处理这个问题的各种方法
The two books deal with the ancient history of Egypt.
这两本书讲述了埃及的古代历史
【高考链接】
In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal ______. (四川卷) (with)
David’s biggest headache is what to do ______ his money. (全国卷) (with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They didn’t know _____ on earth they should deal with the present situation. (how)
_____ are they going to do with this furniture (What)
14. request vt. 要求；请求；n. 要求；请求
【原句再现】
Staff at a famous company is used to dealing with requests for compensation following poor weather, …… （教材P45）
【词块积累】
at sb’s request/at the request of sb. 应某人的要求
make a request for help 请求帮助
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
request + that 主语 + (should) do sth. 要求…
【精品例句】
In Japan, the “OK” sign is a request of small change.
在日本，手势OK表示要零钱
The pianist listened to our request that the (should) play in public again.
那位钢琴家听了我们的请求，答应再次公演
The students were there at the request of the teacher.
学生们应老师要求到了这里
The teacher requests your presence.
老师请你去
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
参观者请勿触摸展品
We request that the discussion (should) be put off.
我们要求推迟讨论
【高考链接】
We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.(浙江卷)
A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises (B)
Don’t response any e-mails ____ (request) personal information, no matter how official they look. ( 山东卷) (requesting)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I requested that he ______ (leave). 【(should) leave】
It was requested that a vote _____ (take). 【(should) be taken】
●本单元重要词组
15. apologize for sth./doing sth. 为…道歉
I apologize for our part in it. (教材P28)
They do not have the courage to apologize for their actions.
16. make the/one’s bed 整理床铺
Living in a hotel means the hotel staff makes the bed every day and I don’t have to do my own washing! (教材P30)
Get up quickly and make your beds as soon as possible.
17. get rid of…. 去掉；摆脱
We could hardly get rid of the smell of fish. (教材P31)
I would be glad to get rid of that bad habit.
18. promise to do sth. 承诺/答应做某事
He has also promised to change his ways from now on. (教材P31)
I promised to finish my homework before lunch but I didn’t do it.
19. hold out 坚持
They just hope that if they hold out for long enough, things will get better by and by. (教材P34)
They held out for another hour, and then their friends came.
20. put forward 提出
Then, you put forward solutions. (教材P35)
The students have put forward a series of questions.
21. enclose sth. (with/in sth.) 把….封入（信封）；随函附上
I enclose a copy of my CV. (教材P19)
Please return the completed form, enclosing a recent photograph.
He tore open the creamy envelope that had been enclosed in the letter.
22. be fed up with…. 饱受；厌烦
One of their men, speaking in English, said that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over. (教材P9)
Little by little, I began to be fed up with examinations.
23. set the ball rolling 使某种活动开始
We’d formed a bond and during the whole of Boxing Day, we never fired a shot and they the same; each side seemed to be waiting for the other to set the ball rolling. (教材P38)
As no one spoke, the teacher asked a few questions to set the ball rolling.
24. be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事
If children see fewer advertisements on TV of people doing these activities, they are much less likely to try to copy their behavior. (教材P40)
In the meantime, the war is likely to continue.
I am likely to finish my homework after dinner.
25. invest in doing sth. 在….. 方面投资
The money invested in making these unhealthy products could be used for more worthwhile businesses, such as those that improve our environment. (教材P40)
They had the foresight to invest in developing new technology.
●句型点拨
1. 动名词(动名词短语)作主语
【原句再现】
Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health and, after such a chorus of complaints, we had to take action. (教材P30)
句式分析：Seeing their daughter so much happier是动名词短语，在句中作主语。
【能力拓展】
※ 动名词作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数。
※ 动名词作主语，还可以是复合结构，前面可以有物主代词。
※ 为平衡句子结构，可以用it作形式主语。
【精品例句】
Climbing mountains is really fun.
爬山真是有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
Being awarded a Nobel Prize was a great honor.
被颁给诺贝尔奖金是极大的荣誉。
Watching films is my favorite. 看电影是我最喜欢的事情
John's here will get us out of trouble. 约翰的到来使我们摆脱了困境
【高考链接】
The president's ________ (visit) China marked an improvement to the relations between the two countries. (陕西卷) (visiting)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is no use _______ (tell) him to keep clean. (telling)
Reading ______ (be) necessary for you to expand your knowledge. (is)
2. 过去完成时的被动语态
【原句再现】
Mckay’s wife, Laurene said that, while Mckay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person, he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often. (教材P36)
句式分析：had been driven是过去完成时的被动语态。过去完成时指先于过去某动作发生前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，用“had＋过去分词”表示。
过去完成时的被动语态的三种形式：
※肯定结构：主语＋had been done＋其他成分
※否定结构：主语＋had not been done＋其他成分
※疑问句结构：had＋主语＋been done＋其他成分
【能力拓展】
hope，plan，want，mean等用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望，计划和打算等
Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done...when 一……就……
No sooner had sb. done...than一……就……
by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时，主句用过去完成时。
It/That was the...time that从句时，从句用过去完成时。表示“是第几次做某事”。
【精品例句】
By the time I rushed to the station，the train had already left.
当我赶到火车站时，火车已经开走了。
She had finished her homework before she started to read the novel.
她在开始看小说之前就已经完成了作业。
I had gone out when you called me.
你给我打电话时我已经出门了。
【高考链接】
The police found that the house _________ (break)into and a lot of things stolen. (山东卷) (had been broken)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He said 15 people _____ (injure)，two of them admitted to hospital. (had been injured)
He complained that this was the third time he ________ (inform) of the changes of the meeting. (had been informed)
● 情态动词（详见语法课件）
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