北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit12 Innovation Lesson1 Scientific Breakthroughs公开课课件(共53张PPT)

(共53张PPT)
UNIT 12 innovation
LESSON 1 scientific breakthroughs
目录页
contents
Pre-reading
I
Post-reading
IV
Fast Reading
II
Grammar
V
III
Intensive Reading
Ⅵ
Homework
Ⅰ
Pre-reading
premier scientist
pioneers of the 20th century
to be committed to
to be inspired by
to be proposed by
to improve the quality of human life
Pre-reading
What do you think are the most important inventions of discoveries of the 20th century Can you name a few inventors What makes them great
Some discoveries or inventions in the 20th century
Pre-reading
Means of transport
Pre-reading
Wright Brothers
Pre-reading
The change in communication
Pre-reading
Neil Alden Armstrong was the first person to set foot on the Moon.
This is my personal one small step, it was a great step of mankind.
Pre-reading
The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.
Pre-reading
Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century.
His greatest discovery is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.
Albert Einstein
Pre-reading
The designer of ENIAC, the first commercial computer made in the United States.
John William Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
Pre-reading
The World’s First Computer
Pre-reading
Do you know him and his discoveries
Pre-reading
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Pre-reading
Ⅱ
Fast Reading
First reading
The purpose of this article is _______.
the introduction of Albert Einstein
the introduction of the process of scientific breakthrough
the introduction of the major scientific discoveries in the 20th century
the contributions scientists made to the world
First reading
Summary
The text mainly talks about a few pioneers of science and their discoveries in the 20th century, which makes the world completely different.
1. E=mc
2. penicillin
3. the first computer
4. the Internet
Try to match the discoveries with how they were discovered
a) scientists worked together as a team
b) there was a lucky accident
c) different scientists worked on it for many years
d) a scientist was inspired
First reading
Ⅲ
Intensive Reading
Find information about how the following things were invented / discovered. Organise the information in your own way. Then describe the process in groups.
E=mc
Who
How
Significance
penicillin
computer
the Internet
Intensive Reading
…
A brief introduction of scientific breakthroughs in the 20th century
Some great pioneers of science and their inventions or discoveries
The significance of these breakthroughs
Para 1
Para 2-6
Para 7
Intensive Reading
( ) 1. It is not easy to choose the single most important discoveries of the 20th century.
( ) 2. An atom is the smallest particle of matter.
( ) 3. Einstein was at work when he thought of the equation “E=mc ”.
( ) 4. Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.
( ) 5. Einstein observed changes in time, size and mass.
F
NI
T
T
F
Write T (true), F (false), NI (no information) in brackets.
Intensive Reading
( ) 6. Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.
( ) 7. Fleming developed the process of making penicillin.
( ) 8. The first computer project failed to meet its original goal.
( ) 9. The first computer was extremely difficult to programme.
( ) puters could not connect to each other before 1990.
F
F
NI
T
NI
Intensive Reading
Ⅳ
Post-reading
1. Which discovery or invention mentioned in the text has been the most important so far
2. Which discovery or invention will most influence the future Why
3. How did the writer connect the paragraphs Circle the signal words or phrases.
Post-reading
Think and share.
Ⅴ
Grammar
I really don’t know what I want to do when I leave school. My dad is a computer engineer working on the improvement of the 1. __________ of the Navy’s 2. __________. I would like to follow in his footsteps, but then I’d have to sit in front of a computer all day. My mum is a 3. __________, but it seems to me that all she does is looking at bacteria through a
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words below.
accuracy
missile
orbit missile enable launch accuracy scientific microscope inventor biologist
Grammar
biologist
accuracy
missiles
4. __________. All that stuff about 5. __________ findings that save people’s lives is pretty interesting, but I think I might be more interested in studying medicine. But then again, my uncle is a scientist and he is always talking about
6. _________ satellites into 7. _____. I find this very exciting. I know what I want to be! I could be an 8. ________!
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words below.
accuracy
missile
orbit missile enable launch accuracy scientific microscope inventor biologist
Grammar
microscope
scientific
launching
orbit
inventor
I could come up with hundreds of inventions that will 9. __________ people to live better lives. But ... I don’t think there’s a university course for inventors. Maybe I should just find out what I really like first.
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words below.
accuracy
missile
orbit missile enable launch accuracy scientific microscope inventor biologist
Grammar
enable
英译汉：
Grammar
1. Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.
医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。
2. Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，施行手术，到用捐赠的器官做器官移植。
Grammar
英译汉：
3. We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
Grammar
英译汉：
4. Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
英译汉：
虽然不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出 20 世纪的几位先驱还是有可能的。
Grammar
5. Human life on planet has been transformed into a good village, with all the different linked in the chain of common interests.
不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。
Grammar
英译汉：
后缀 例子
①名词+y sun–sunny; wind–windy
②加后缀-able comfort-comfortable;
advise-advisable
③加后缀-al nation-national; nature-natural
④加后缀-en wood-wooden; gold-golden
1.1 本身即为形容词的词：red, glad, nice
1.2 加后缀组成的形容词
Grammar：形容词的构成
后缀 例子
⑤加后缀-ent differ-different; insist-insistent
⑥加后缀-ish fool-foolish; self-selfish
⑦加后缀-ive expense-expensive; act-active
⑧加后缀-ful power-powerful; peace-peaceful
⑨加后缀-ous danger-dangerous; fame-famous
⑩名词+ly friend-friendly; month-monthly
Grammar：形容词的构成
1.3 复合形容词的构成
组成 例子
① 副词 + 现在分词 hard-working
② 副词 + 过去分词 well-educated
③ 名词 + 过去分词 man-made
④ 名词 + 现在分词 peace-loving
⑤ 名词 + 形容词 world-famous
⑥ 数词 + 名词 five-star
Grammar：形容词的构成
组成 例子
⑦ 数词 + 名词-ed three-legged
⑧ 数词 + 名词 + 形容词 five-year-old
⑨ 形容词 + 过去分词 ready-made
⑩ 形容词 + 名词-ed kind-hearted
形容词 + 现在分词 easy-going
形容词 + 形容词 dark-blue
其他形式 face-to-face; over-all
Grammar：形容词的构成
1.4 分词形容词
现在分词构成的形容词 修饰事物， 常译为“令人……的” 过去分词构成的形容词
修饰人，
常译为“感到……的”
annoying, boring, exciting, frightening, disappointing, discouraging, embarrassing annoyed, bored, excited, frightened, disappointed, discouraged, embarrassed
Grammar：形容词的构成
“名词 + 分词”构成的形容词，究竟是用 -ing 形式还是用 -ed 形式的分词，要看复合词与被修饰词的关系，如 peace-loving people。
限定词 1 2
冠词的限定词（放在冠词前） 冠词 / 指示代词 / 所有格 /
不定代词等
both, such the, a(n), your, Tom’s, this, that, these, those, another, some, any
当多个形容词同时出现作定语时，一般按照各形容词与被修饰词之间的紧密程度排列，其排列顺序如下：
Grammar：形容词的位置
数量词 3 4
序数词 基数词
first, second, third, fourth, fifth one, two, three, four
five
Grammar：形容词的位置
形容词 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
性质状态 大小 / 长短 / 形状 新旧 / 温度 颜色 国籍 材料 用途 / 类别
kind fine good sick large small long short round old new cool hot red blue white green Chinese English Japanese America iron stone silk chemical
medical
Grammar：形容词的位置
巧记顺口溜：
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。
构成 原级 比较级 最高级
一般加-er和-est strong stronger strongest
以字母 e 结尾只加-r，-st late later latest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后再加-er，-est glad hot thin gladder hotter thinner gladdest
hottest
thinnest
3.1 规则变化
Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级
构成 原级 比较级 最高级
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变为i，再加-er，-est angry merry ugly early angrier merrier uglier earlier angriest
merriest
ugliest
earliest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在词前加more或most enthusiastic more enthusiastic most enthusiastic
Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级
构成 原级 比较级 最高级
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加 -er，-est gray grayer grayest
有少数几个双音节以及以-er以及-le结尾的词，有两种形式 common clever simple commoner / more common; cleverer / more clever; simpler / more simple commonest / most common;
cleverest / most clever;
simplest / most simple
Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级
构成 原级 比较级 最高级
“劣等”比较，在 adj 原型前加 less / least kind useful less kind less useful least kind
least useful
复合式形容词比较等级 well-known better-known best-known
Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级
3.2 不规则变化
Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
good / well better best
bad / ill worse worst
little less least
much / many more most
Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
far farther / further farthest / furthest
old older / elder oldest / eldest
late later latest
① older, oldest 指时间、年龄、年代的长短，既可指人，又可指物。
② elder, eldest 指家庭成员的长幼顺序。
--------------------------------------------------------------
① farther, farthest 表示距离的远
② further, furthest 表示程度
含形容词比较级的习语 more or less 或多或少 sooner or later 迟早 much less / still less 更不必说 more than once / often 不止一次 once more / once again 再一遍 more than 超过；非常；不仅仅 The work is more or less finished.
More than one person was killed in that accident.
Grammar：含形容词比较词、最高级的习语
含形容词最高级的习语 at (the) latest 最迟 at (the) most 最多，不超过 at least 至少 at best 充其量 do one’s best 尽力 for the most part 多半，通常 make the best / most of 充分利用 not in the least / not at all 一点也不 As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy.
Grammar：含形容词比较词、最高级的习语
VI
Homework
Search online and find the major discoveries and inventions of the 21th century .Which do you think is the most important Why
Homework