北师大版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit12 Innovation Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking优质课件(共42张PPT)

(共42张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
LESSON 3 STEPHENHAWKING
Who is he
ACTIVE AND SHRAE
Pair Work Have you heard about Stephen Hawking What did he discover or do
What was special about him
Activity 1
one of the world’s most famous scientists in theoretical physics
to have a rare disease to lose speech to overcome the challenge of...
his physical abilities decline to discover the secrets of the universe
Stephen Hawking
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942 in Oxford, UK. He liked maths and science best at school. And he was interested in how things work. When he was 21, Stephen got a serious illness. He couldn’t walk or speak. He had to sit in a wheelchair and speak through a computer. But he didn’t give up.
Stephen became a great scientist through his hard work. He enjoyed writing. One of his most famous books is A Brief History of Time.
Stephen Hawking was a bright star in the world of science. Sadly, this star went out this March. He died at his home at the age of 76.
READ AND EXPLORE
Look at the webpage about Stephen plete the information on the left. Then go back to Activity 1, and answer the questions in more detail.
Birth
______________
Education
St Albans School
The University of ________________
(1955-1962), studied _________
PhD, the University of Cambridge (1966)
Activity 2
8 January, 1942
Oxford
physics
READ AND EXPLORE
Look at the webpage about Stephen plete the information on the left. Then go back to Activity 1, and answer the questions in more detail.
Career
Institute of Astronomy, ___________ (1968-1973)
Professor of Mathematics, Cambridge (1979-2009)
Director of Research, Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, Cambridge (2009-2018)
Family
Married to Jane Wilde (1965-1991, three children) and Elaine Mason (1995-2006)
Activity 2
Cambridge
Pair work Read the webpage again. Complete the timeline about Stephen Hawking’s life and work. Then tell each other about him in pairs based on the timeline.
1942
1959
_____
1985
was born
was diagnosed with ALS
1963
went to University of Oxford to study physics
had to have an operation/ lost his speech as a result
Activity 3
1988
2005
2012
2018
died
his book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes sold one copy for every 750 people on earth
decided to write a simpler version, A briefer History of Time
said to a TV audience of 900 million people at the opening ceremony of London 2012 Olympics: “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet… be curious.”
Activity 3
Read the webpage again. Ask and answer the questions about Stephen Hawking in pairs.
When did he become ill
What was the result of his illness
At the age of 21.
His illness got worse, he lost his speech and lost the use of his hands.
Activity 4
Activity4
3. What boooks did he write
What did he argue in the books
A Brief History of Time. (two versions)
He argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe. Instead of trying to find one big new explanation, scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.
Read the webpage again. Ask and answer the questions about Stephen Hawking in pairs.
4. What is a black hole
A black hole is a place in space where gravity is very strong. Anything that falls into it never comes out. Nothing can escape from it, not even light. As a result, it is impossible to see a black hole.
Read the webpage again. Ask and answer the questions about Stephen Hawking in pairs.
Introduce Stephen Hawking based on the diagram.
Activity 5
Birth
Attitude towards life
Illness
Education
Study
Books
Stephen Hawking
Group Work Think and share.
Activity 6
What was Stephen Hawking’s attitude towards life Find evidence from the webpage.
Hawking had a positive attitude towards life and he never got disappointed or discouraged from his illness.
“Hawking was famous. Not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also …”
“Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies…”
“In spite of his disease, Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.”
“My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21. everything since then has been a honus.”
Group Work Think and share.
Activity 6
2. What do you think this saying by Stephen Hawking means: “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet … be curious.”
3. How are the paragraphs on the webpage connected to each other Find and circle the indicators.
It means that we should not focus on our everyday lives and worry too much about unimportant matters. We should think on a larger scale and be curious about nature and the simple things of life.
Hawking later found…, although Hawking’s physical…, Hawking also wrote…, In spite of his disease
Complete the summary of Stephen Hawking’s life based on what you have learnt.
Activity 7
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942. he studied at Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, but at the age of 21, he was diagnosed with a serious disease. However, he finished his 1. __________ and got a job at the University of Cambridge and continued his work in 2. __________________physics and 3. __________.
While his reputation for his work spread, his physical ability 4. _________. In 1985, after an operation, he started to use 5. _______________________________ to help him talk. However, Hawking never ceased his studies and he continued to develop his theories on 6. ___________. Hawking believed that he was not an unlucky person. From his diagnosis at 21 he regarded everything since then as a 7. _________. He was proud of his family and his work, and he appreciated the help that many people had given him.
studies
theoretical
cosmology
declined
speech-generating equipment
black holes
bonus
Complete the Word Builder with phrasal prepositions. What other phrasal prepositions do you know
Phrasal Prepositions
1. _______________ 21, when Hawking spent his first
year at the University of Cambridge…
2. His theory was that there was a sort of hole
__________________ a black hole.
3. _____________ trying to find one big new explanation,
scientists should …
4. _____________ his disease, Hawking didn’t consider
himself an unlucky man.
Word builder
At the age of
in the centre of
Instead of
In spite of
Activity 8
Use the phrasal prepositions below to complete the webpage below on Stephen Hawking.
instead of with the help of
in spite of as a result of
After the Operation
In 1985, Hawking had to have an operation on his throat. 1. ________________ the operation, he couldn’t speak at all. However, 2. ________________ not being able to talk, he was still able to communicate by raising his eyebrows when someone pointed to the right letter on a spelling card.
As a result of
in spite of
Activity 9
instead of with the help of
in spite of as a result of
A computer expert heard of Hawking’s problem and sent him a computer programme. 3. _________________ this programme, Hawking could choose words from a menu on a screen. 4. ______________ pressing a switch in his hand, he could control the programme by making a head or eye movement. At first, he could run the programme on a desktop computer, but then a man called David Mason fitted a small portable computer to his wheelchair.
With the help of
Instead of
Activity 9
Complete the questions with a preposition.
1　What are you interested 　　　　
2　In your family，who do you have a good relationship 　　　　
3　What are you afraid 　　　　
4　What are you proud 　　　　
5　What’s the most serious problem that’s ever happened 　　　you
6　How did you deal 　　　　 your problem
Activity 10
in 　
with
of
of 　
to
with
Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案）
1. Where is the passage taken from
A book. B. The Internet.
C. The newspaper. D. The TV news.
2. When was Stephen Hawking discovered to suffer from ALS
A. When he was born.
B. When he was studying at the University of Oxford.
C. When he was studying at the University of Cambridge.
D. When he was working at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.
课文检测
○
○
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. Stephen Hawking was famous for his theory of black holes.
B. Stephen Hawking was the co-author of the book The Grand Design.
C. The book A Brief History of Time： From the Big Bang to Black Holes was popular because it is easy to understand.
D. The book A Briefer History of Time（2005）is easier than the book A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes.
4. Which of the following can be used to describe Hawking
A. Optimistic and grateful.
B. Unlucky and miserable.
C. Generous and determined.
D. Humorous and academic.
○
○
Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容完成短文）
　　 　On 14 March，2018，one of the world’s most influential scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England， 1　　　　（age）76. Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology， but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS.
　　Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January，1942，in Oxford. He was discovered to have a rare disease 2　　　　 the age of 21 when he was studying at the University of Cambridge and 3_____________（expect）to live for a few years. In the early stages of his career，his illness got 4___________（bad），but he was allowed 5　　　　（do） research only rather than teach，6　　　　 _____________was easier for him. He first lost his speech because of an operation and then the use of his hands.
aged
at
was expected
worse 　
to do
which 　
Although Hawking’s physical abilities 7　　　　 （decline）over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed 8　　　　 number of new ideas about black holes. He wrote books. His 1988 book，A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes，sold well. But it’s difficult for common people to understand so he decided to write a simpler version. He argued in one of his books that we should look for a different way to discover the 9　　　　（deep）secrets of the universe. He also encouraged people to be curious about the universe.
　　In spite of his disease，Hawking was quite optimistic and didn’t consider 10　　　　（he）an unlucky man.
declined 　
a
deepest
himself
　　
Language points
核心词汇
教材原句p.58 to overcome the challenge of... 克服……的挑战
1 overcome vt. 克服（困难），控制（感情）；征服，战胜
搭配 overcome difficulties/fear/shyness 克服困难/ 恐惧/ 羞怯
overcome the enemy 战胜敌人
【学法点拨】
be overcome with/by 往往表示“被某种情绪所控制/ 制服”，表示人的一种情绪状态。
be overcome with sorrow 伤心欲绝
be overcome with joy 喜不自胜
The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.
考试的前一晚我被恐惧与绝望困扰着。［词汇复现］
She was overcome with grief when her husband died.
她的丈夫去世时她悲痛欲绝。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空
（1） Although there were lots of difficulties 　　　　 　（overcome），she never let her problems defeat her.
（2）［词汇复现］Even today，I would 　　　　 　（overcome）with sorrow whenever I think of the dog.
完成句子
（3） I think you’d better read some books in Chinese to 　　　　　 　 　　　　 　 　（克服困难） in understanding the language before you come here.
（4）［词汇复现］Actively getting involved in various social activities is the best way to ________________________（克服文化冲击）.
to overcome 　　
be overcome 　
overcome the trouble/difficulty 　
overcome the culture shock 　　
教材原句p.59 Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies... 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究……
2 decline （1）vi. 减少，降低
搭配 decline to 减少到……
decline by 减少了……
The price of 14-inch TV sets declined from 400 yuan to 320 yuan each.
14 英寸的电视机的价格每台从400 元降到了320 元。
He is overcome with disappointment because of the fact that the funding for technological innovation has declined by 40%.
他很失望， 因为用于技术创新的资金已经减少了40%。
（2）n. 减少；下降；衰退
fall/go into decline 开始衰落
搭配 on the decline 在下降
in decline 在衰退中
a rapid/sharp/gradual decline 迅速/ 急剧/ 逐渐下降
Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.
令人高兴的是吸烟的人正在减少。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空
（1） At that time，the economy of the country is 　　　　 　 the decline.
完成句子
（2） According to scientists，our mental abilities 　　　　　 　 　　（开始衰退） from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
（3） As far as we know，the port 　　　　　　　　（开始衰落）in the 1990s.
（4） It is reported that the profit declined 　　　 　 　 4.1% last year.
（5） The number of staff has declined from 217，000 　　　　 　 114,000 in the company.
on 　
begin to decline
fell/went into decline
by
to
教材原句p.59 In spite of his disease，Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man. 尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
3 in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……
We proceeded with the work in spite of the coldness. 尽管天气寒冷，我们还是继续工作。［词汇复现］
In spite of his advanced age，the biologist is still buried in his research.
那位生物学家尽管年事已高，但仍埋头于他的研究工作。［词汇复现］
The arts of China have not declined in spite of the Western influence.
尽管受到西方的影响，中国的艺术并没有衰落。［词汇复现］
【归纳拓展】
（1）in spite of = despite
（2）regardless of 不顾；不加理会
Despite the fact that we may fail，we still try to team up with each other efficiently.
尽管我们可能会失败，但我们仍然努力有效地相互合作。［词汇复现］
He went ahead and did it，regardless of the consequences.
他说干就干，没有考虑后果。［词汇复现］
完成句子
（1） 　　　　　 　 　　　　 （尽管） his old age，he still leads an active life.
（2） He has decided on the date of the opening of his own company _____________________________________（尽管事实是） that his parents don’t agree with him.
同义句转换
（3）［词汇复现］In spite of our joint effort，we still can’t make a great breakthrough.
→ 　　　　 our joint effort，we still can’t make a great breakthrough.
In spite of/Despite
in spite of the fact/despite the fact
Despite
重点句式
Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology，but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS（a disease that aects muscle control）. 霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，而且因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症（一种影响肌肉控制的疾病）的挑战而令人敬佩。
not just... but also...
not just... but also... 也作not only... but also...，意为“不但……，而且……”，连接并列成分，在本句中连接两个并列的原因状语。
This is not just/only an honour for myself，but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China. 这不仅是我个人的荣誉，也是对中国所有科学家的认可和鼓励。［词汇复现］
【归纳拓展】
（ 1）not only...but also... 连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近”原则。
（ 2）not only 放在句首时，所在的句子要用倒装结构，但but also 后的句子不倒装。
Not only do the nurses want a pay increase，but they also want reduced working hours.
护士们不仅想涨工资，而且还想减少工作时间。
（ 3）A as well as B“不但B，而且A”，该结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与A 保持一致。
The boy’s brother as well as his parents is willing to donate blood to him.
不仅那个男孩的父母，而且他的弟弟也愿意给他献血。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空
（1） Not only Tom but also his parents 　　　　 　 （be）invited the other day.
（2） Not only his parents but also Tom 　　　　 　 （be）invited the other day.
完成句子
（3） The computer was used in teaching. As a result， not only __________________________________（节省了老师的精力），but students also became more interested in the lessons.
（4） They 　　　　　 　 　　　　 　 　　　　 　 （不但扑灭了大火）but also saved people who were in danger.
同义句转换
（5）［词汇复现］He is not only a gifted musician， but also a great speaker who can always give us students encouragement.
→ He is a gifted musician 　　　　 　a great speaker who can always give us students encouragement.
were
was 　
was teachers’ energy saved
not only put out the big fire 　
as well as
短语介词
短语介词的作用相当于一个介词，其后可接名词、宾格代词、动词的-ing 形式等。
1 连词+ 介词
because of 因为 as for/to 至于 but for 要不是
2 介词+ 介词
along with 随着；和……一起 except for 除了
3 介词+ 名词+ 介词
by way of 通过……的方式 by means of 通过 with regard to 就……而言；关于 in case of 万一
in charge of 掌管 in addition to 除了in honour of 为了表达对……的敬意 in place of 代替
in terms of 就……而言 in view of 鉴于 in favour of 支持 in memory of 为纪念
in spite of 尽管 on behalf of 代表 in front of 在……前面 with reference to 关于for fear of 唯恐，以免
单元语法
3 常用动词的搭配
（1）have 的常用搭配
have a fight/a headache/an argument/a conversation/an appointment
打仗/ 头痛/ 争辩/ 交谈/ 有约会
have something in common 有共同点
He has nothing in common with his brother. 他和他兄弟毫无共同之处。
（2）break 的常用搭配
break the news to someone 向某人泄露消息
break one’s heart 伤某人的心
break a promise/record 违背诺言/ 打破纪录
break the rules/the law/a habit/the ice/a leg
违规/ 违法/ 打破习惯/ 打破僵局/ 摔断腿
He broke the rules and was blamed for it. 他违反了规定，因此受到了责备。［词汇复现］
形容词/ 副词+ 介词
regardless of 不管；不顾 due to 因为
owing to 因为 previous to 在……以前
such as 例如 apart from 除……之外（都）
ahead of 在……前面；领先于 instead of 代替
next to 紧挨着 together with 和……一起
according to 根据；按照 close to 离……近
5 介词+ the + 名词+ 介词
for the purpose of 为了……
in the charge of 由……掌管
at the expense of 以……为代价
at the mercy of 任……处置；任由……摆布
by the side of 在……附近；在……的旁边
by the end of 到……末为止
under the control of 在……的控制下
in the middle of 在……中间
with the help of 在……的帮助下
on the point of 正要……的时候
Find more information about Stephen Hawking online. Do you feel inspired by him Give reasons along with your comments.
Homework
THANK YOU