语法系列专题 名词性从句
一、名词性从句
1.概念:在主从复合句中,相当于名词的从句被称为名词性从句。
2.分类:名词性从句包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二、宾语从句
1在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。
He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that you were asked not to care about it.
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever和连接副词when,where,how,why。 这些连接词都有词义,除引导从句外,还在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。这种宾语从句有疑问意义,但不是疑问句,不能用疑问语序,而要用陈述语序。
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样把工作做好。(how作状语)
She gave up what she was doing.
她放弃了她正在做的事情。(what作宾语)
Do you know who has won Red Alert game
你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏吗?(who作主语)
Do you know when the meeting will begin
你知道什么时候开会吗?(when作状语)
Can I speak to whoever is in charge of this project
我能和负责这个项目的人谈谈吗?(whoever作主语)
it作形式宾语
当某些动词后的宾语从句之后有宾语补足语(通常是形容词或名词)时,通常以it代替that宾语从句作形式宾语,这时that不可省略。常见的这类动词有find,think,consider,take,feel等。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。
We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time.我们发现我们按时完成工作有困难。
在like,enjoy,love,hate 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词或一些特殊动词(短语)如take,depend on,rely on,see to等后若要跟宾语从句,需跟形式宾语 it。
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
You may depend on it that they will support you.
你相信好了,他们会支持你的。
宾语从句的虚拟语气
表示“建议、命令、要求、决定、主张”等动词后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。这类动词主要有insist,order,demand等。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀:
“一二三四”
一“坚持”(insist);
二“命令”(order,command);
三“建议”(advise,suggest,recommend);
四“要求”(demand,desire,require,request)。
三、表语从句
在复合句中位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫作表语从句
The most important thing is that we should find the shortest way to the hotel.
The doubt is who has taken away the valuable painting.
.表语从句中需注意的问题
(1)why,because引导的表语从句的区别:
①why,because都可引导表语从句。表示原因的名词(reason,cause)作句子主语时,其后的表语从句常用that引导,不可用because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the first bus this morning.
他迟到的原因是他今天早上没赶上早班公共汽车。
②because引导的表语从句常用于that’s because...结构中,说明产生上述结果的原因;why引导的名词性从句说明由上述原因导致的某种结果。
I was late for school this morning.That’s because I stayed up too late last night.(果→因)
今天早上我上学迟到了。那是因为我昨晚熬夜太晚了。
I stayed up too late last night.That’s why I was late for school this morning.(因→果)
我昨晚熬夜太晚。那就是我今天早上上学迟到的原因。
(2)主语是表示“建议、命令、要求、计划(suggestion,advice,proposal,order,command,request,requirement,demand,plan,idea)”等的名词时,表语从句应该用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we(should)set off early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天早早动身。
Ⅰ.选用适当的连接词填空
where,that,why,whether,what,as if,whatever,who,because,when,how
1.I’m wondering ______ you are always late for class.
2.I am not sure _________he is willing to help me.
3.My parents are very kind to me and always let me do _____- I think I should do.
4.The trouble is ______ I lost the key to my room.
5.The question discussed at the meeting was______ it was worth trying.
6.We think______- it’s necessary to talk with him again.
7.Do you remember_______ he came here
8.All this was over twenty years ago,but it is _____ it were only yesterday.
四 主语从句
一、定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。
What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very cold to her.
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
Who will do it doesn’t matter.
What we need is more water.
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
Who will go to the concert is not known.
Whoever will go to the concert is welcome.
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.
主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构
为保持句子平衡,常把主语从句后置,而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语
It’s possible that he has been to Beijing.
It’s a pity that you didn’t attend the meeting.
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
It seems that it is going to rain.
主语从句中应注意的问题
(1)从句的语序要用陈述语序。
Whoever leaves the room last is expected to turn off the lights.无论谁最后离开房间都要把灯关掉。
(2)从句作主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式。有时受表语的影响用复数形式。
What you said just now is quite right.
刚刚你说的话很对。
What he wants to read now are some magazines.
现在他想读的是一些杂志。
(3)从句的时态一般要取决于主句。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around-the-world trip.
让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。
适当的连接词填空
1._______ he got the first prize in the English Contest surprised all of us.
2.________ they would support us was a problem.
3.__________will take the place of Mr.Li as our new headmaster hasn’t been decided.
4. ___________caused the accident to happen hasn’t been made clear yet.
5. _________has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
6.It is said _______Peter will have a chance to travel abroad next month.
7.__________ we can get in touch with him is the most important.
五.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容。能跟同位语从句的名词一般是fact,news,idea,belief,thought,truth,hope,problem,question,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词。
The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.
2.Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days,but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.
3.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
2..同位语从句的虚拟语气
名词suggestion,order,demand,command,request,desire,proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语动词用“should+do”,should可省略。
名词性从句高考热点
连接词what与that的用法区别。
连接词whether和if的用法区别。
形式主语、形式宾语。
Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。
Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。
改错
That we need is more food.
It is said which Peter will have a chance to travel abroad next month.
That this accident happened is not clear to anyone.
The girls were surprised at the fact ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
What surprised me is everybody seemed to be very cold to her.
What he wants to read now is some magazines.
Do you remember he came —Yes, I do, he came by car.
That we can’t get seems better than what we have.
That is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
You can’t imagine what excited when they received these nice Christmas presents.
He insisted that all of us were there on time by any means.
名词性从句专练
基本技能:
1. _________ he said at the meeting is very important to us.
2. _________ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.
3. All the books are here. You may borrow __________ you like.
4. This is __________ he was often late for school.
5. He suggested that we _______________ (go) to the cinema.
6. We all know the truth __________ the earth moves around the sun.
7. The reason __________ he didn’t come to school yesterday is __________ he had to look after his sick mother at home.
8. __________ I can’t understand is _________ he changed his mind.
9. He told me ___________ had happened there.
综合能力:
1. After five hours’ drive, they reached __________ they thought was the place
they’d been dreaming of.
2. It is still a question to us all __________ the meeting can be held as planned.
3. It is _________ he often breaks the school rules _________ makes his head
teacher dissatisfied with him.
4. ---I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply.
---Oh, that was probably __________ I was seeing the doctor.
5. _________ really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes.
6. People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different
from _________ it is today.
7. Nowadays the doctors are trying their best to reduce the people’s fear _________they would be affected by the present disease called “Bird Flu”.
8. They have no idea at all _________ he is working on.
9. Don’t take _________ for granted __________everyone studies hard.
10. Information has been put forward __________more middle school graduates will
be admitted into universities.
11. Professor Liu’s book will show you __________ what you have observed can be
used in other fields.
12. Go and get your coat. It’s __________ you left it.
高考真题:
1. It worried her a bit _________ her hair was turning grey.
2. There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind __________ to buy.
3. __________ we can’t get seems better than __________ we have.
4. __________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
5. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants.
6. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---Is that __________ you had a few days off
7. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see __________ it is.
8. __________ she couldn’t understand was __________ fewer and fewer students
showed interest in her lessons.
9. What the doctors really doubt is ____________ my mother will recover from the
serious disease soon.
10. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rules:always givethe monkey exactly ___________ he wants.
11. Along with the letter was his promise __________ he would visit me this coming
Christmas.
12. There’s a feeling in me __________ we’ll never know what a UFO is --- not ever.
阅读理解(2019 江苏)
The 65-year-oldSteve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症). He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family.Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
“Why do this ”Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.”Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tears in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home.She told Steve she’d love to hear him play.Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes.Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful."Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still Steve Goodwin. It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”
She told the director about her project with Steve.The director agreed to add it to the playing list.But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission.He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional.It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends.He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded.Naomi took the stage.Her fingers.His heart.
65.Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music
A.His music could stop his disease from worsening.
B.She wanted to please her dying old father.
C.His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
D.She wanted to make her father a professional.
66. After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.
A. refused to make a comment on it
B. was deeply impressed by his music
C. decided to free Steve from suffering
D. regretted offering help to her friend
67. How can the process of Steve’s recording be described
A.It was slow but productive.
B. It was beneficial to his health.
C.It was tiresome for Naomi.
D.It was vital for Naomi’s career.
68.Before Steve finished“Melancholy Flower,"his wife Joni _______.
A.thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted
B.didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about
C.didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music
D.brought her husband’s music career to perfection
69.How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland?
A.He felt concerned about his illness.
B.He sensed a responsibility for music.
C.He regained his faith in music.
D.He got into a state of quiet.
70.What can be a suitable title for the passage
A.The Kindness of Friends
B.The Power of Music
C.The Making of a Musician
D.The Value of Determination
课后作业 复习1-4单元词汇