(共50张PPT)
2023届高考冲刺专题3
必修第三册词性变化
PART ONE
Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
1. make-up（n.）化妆品 注意：make up
2. origin （n．）起源；起因；出身 （adj.）最初的；原创的；新颖的 （adv.）本来；原来
3. charm （n.）魅力 （v.）吸引，迷住 （adj.）着迷的 （adj.）有魅力的
4. joy （n.）高兴；喜悦 （adv.）开心地
构成，编造，虚构
original
originally
charmed
charming
joyfully
5.gratitude （n．）感激之情 （adj.）感激的
6.gather（v.）聚会 （n.）聚会
7.decorate （v.）装饰 （n.）装饰
8.significant （adj.）有重大意义的；显著的 （n.）重要性
9.typical（adj.）典型的，有代表性的 （adv.）典型地 （n.）类型，种类
grateful
gathering
decoration
significance
typically
type
10.evil（adj.）邪恶的（n.）罪恶 反义词： （adj.）慈善的
11.reflect （v.）反映；反射 （n.）反映；思考
12.belief （n．）信仰 （v.）相信 （adj.）可信的 （adj.）难以置信的
13.faith （n．）相信 （adj.）忠诚的；虔诚的
（adv.）虔诚地
merciful
reflect
believe
believable
unbelievable
faithful
faithfully
14.occasion （n．）时机，机会 （adj.）偶然的，偶尔的 （adv.）偶尔
15.merry（adj.）愉快的；高兴的 （adv.）高兴地；愉快地
16.pleased （adj.）高兴的 （adj.）令人愉快的
（v.）使满意 （n．）令人高兴的事
17.frank（adj.）坦率的 （adv.）坦率地
18.inner（adj.）内部的 反义词： （adj.）外部的
occasional
occasionally
merrily
pleasant
please
pleasure
frankly
outer
19.autonomous（adj.）自治的 （n.）自治权
20.region（n.）地区，区域 （adj.）区域的
21.represent （v.）象征；代表 （n.）代表（adj.）有代表性的
22.grace（n.）优美，优雅 （adj.）优雅的
23.absolutely（adv.）绝对地 （adj.）绝对的
24.brief（adj.）主要的 （adv.）主要地
autonomy
regional
representative
graceful
absolute
briefly
25.wedding（n.）婚礼 （v.）结婚
26.respect （n./v.）尊敬；尊重 （adj.）恭敬的
（adj.）可敬的 （adj.）受人尊敬的
27. horrible （adj.）令人震惊的 （n.）畏惧
wed
respectful
respectable
respected
horror
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
1.moral（adj.）道德的（n.）品行 （n.）道德准则
（adv.）道德上地
2.virtue（n.）高尚的道德，美德 形近词： （adj.）事实上的 （adj.）视觉上的
3.illustrate （v.）阐明 （n.）图示 （n.）插图画家
4.precious（adj.）珍惜的 （adv.）珍惜地
morality
morally
virtual
visual
illustration
illustrator
preciously
5.entrust（v.）委托 （v.）信任
6.marriage （n．）结婚；婚姻 （v.）结婚
7.majority（n.）大部分 （adj.）主要的 （n.）主修课程 反义词： （adj.）细小的 （n.）少数，少数民族
8.complain（v.）抱怨 （n.）抱怨
9.scholarship（n.）奖学金 （n.）学者
10.physician（n.）医师，内科医生 （n.）物理学
（adj.）物理的，身体的
trust
marry
major
minor
minority
complaint
scholar
physics
physical
11.colleague（n.）同事 形近词： （n.）大学
12.appoint（v.）任命，委派 （n.）约会
（adj.）指定的
13.tend （v.）照顾, 倾向 （n.）趋势
形近词： （n.）趋势
14.publish（v.）发表作品，出版 （n.）出版商
（n.）出版
15.staff（n.）员工，全体职员 （n.）东西
college
appointment
appointed
tendency
trend
publisher
publishment
stuff
16.retire（v.）退休 （n.）退休 （adj.）退休的
17.saving（n.）节省物，存款 （v.）节约，救
18.principle（n.）道德原则 形近词： （n.）校长
19.passive（adj.）被动的，消极的 反义词： （adj.）主动的，积极的
20.scared（adj.）害怕的 （adj.）令人恐惧的 形近词：
（adj.）神圣的
retirement
retired
save
principal
active
scary
sacred
21.sharp（adj.）锋利的 （adv.）急剧地 （v.）削尖
22.insurance（n.）保险 （v.）保证
23.energetic（adj.）精力充沛的 （n.）能量
24.replace （v.）取代 （n.）更换
25.accident（n.）事故 （adj.）意外的
（adv.）偶然地
sharply
sharpen
insure
energy
replacement
accidental
accidentally
26.operation（n.）手术，经营 （v.）操作，运转
（n.）操作员
27.assist （v.）帮助 （n.）助理 （n.）帮助
28.memory（n.）记忆力 （v.）记忆
29.waitress（n.）女服务员 （n.）男服务员
30.harm（v.）伤害；损害 （adj.）有害的
（adv.）有害地 （adj.）无害的
（adv.）无害地
operate
operator
assistant
assistance
memorize
waitor
harmful
harmfully
harmless
harmlessly
31.flexible （adj.）灵活的 （adv.）灵活地
（n.）灵活性
32.tension （n.）紧张关系 （adj.）紧张的
flexibly
flexibility
tense
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
1.fortune （n.）机会，运气 （adj.） 幸运的
（adj.）不幸的 （adv.）幸运地
（adv.） 不幸地 （n.）厄运，不幸的事物
2.spicy（adj.）辛辣的 （n.）香料
3.ethnic（adj.）民族的 形近词： （n.）伦理，伦理学
（adj.）道德的
fortunate
unfortunate
fortunately
unfortunately
misfortune
spice
ethic
ethical
4.admit（v.）承认，准许进入 （n.）入场费，准许进入
5.definitely（adv.）肯定 （adj.）确定的 形近词：
（v.）定义
6.occur（v.）发生，出现 （n.）发生的事
7.downtown（adv.）在市中心 （n.）家乡
8.historical （adj.）历史的 （n.）历史 （adj.）有历史意义的；历史性的
admission
definite
define
occurence
hometown
history
historic
9.earn （v.）挣得 （n.）收入
10.immigrant（n.）外来移民 （n.）移居者
（v.）移入；自外国移入 （n.）移民 反义词： （n.）移居外国的人
11.select （v.）挑选 （n.）挑选 （adj.）选择性的
12.china（n.）瓷器 （n.）中国
13.journal（n.）日记 形近词： （n.）旅行
earning
migrant
immigrate
immigration
emigrant
selection
selective
China
journey
14.series（n.）一系列，一连串 形近词： （adj.）严肃的
15.minority（n.）少数民族，少数 （n.）细微的 反义词: （n.）大多数 （adj.）主要的
16.financial（adj.）财政的，金融的 （n.）金融
（adv.）财政地
17.poetry（n.）诗歌 （n.）诗 （n.）诗人
18.collection（n.）作品 （v.）收集
serious
minor
majority
major
finance
financially
poem
poet
collect
18.percentage（n.）百分率 （n.）百分比
19.mild（adj.）温和的 （adv.）温和地 形近词：
（adj.）野的，未开发的，荒凉的
20.settle（v.）定居 （n.）定居
21.construction（n.）建筑，建筑物 （v.）建造
22.clothing（n.）衣服，服装（总称） （n.）衣服
24.suit（v.）适合（n.）西服 （adj.）适合的
（adv.）适合地 （adj.）不适合的
percent
mildly
wild
settlement
construct
clothes
suitable
suitably
unsuitable
25.contain（v.）包含 （n.）容器
container
Unit 4 Space Exploration
1.procedure（n.）程序，步骤，手续 （n.）过程
2.mental（adj.）精神上的 （adv.）精神上地
3.intelligent（adj.）有智慧的 （n.）智力
4.frontier（n.）边境 （n.）正前方
5.universe（n.）宇宙 （adj.）普遍的 （adv.）普遍地
6.determine（v.）确定，决定 （n.）决心
process
mentally
intelligence
front
universal
universally
determination
7.agency（n.）服务机构 （n.）代理人
8.transmit（v.）传输，运送 （n.）运输，运送
9.disappointed（adj.）失望的，沮丧的 （v.）使失望，使沮丧 （adj.）令人失望的，令人沮丧的
10.desire（n./v.）欲望，渴望 （adj.）渴望的
11.independent（adj.）独立的 （n.）独立性
（v.）依靠，依赖
12.signal（v.）标志着（n.）信号，标志 （v.）标志
agent
transmission
disappoint
disappointing
desirable
independence
depend
sign
13.muscle（n.）肌肉 （adj.）有肌肉的
14.lack（n./v.）缺乏 （adj.）缺乏的，不足的
15.sufficient（adj.）足够的 （n.）足够
16.regular（adj.）定期的，常规的 （adj.）不定期的，不规则的
17.resource（n.）资源 （adj.）资源丰富的，足智多谋的
musclar
lackage
sufficiency
irregular
resourceful
18.limited（adj.）有限的 （adj.）无限的 （v.）限制
19.closing（adj.）结尾的（n.）停业 （n.）结束（v.）关闭
20.mystery（n.）谜 （adj.）神秘的
21.attach（v.）系 （adj.）附着的 （n.）附件
limitless
limit
close
mysterious
attached
attachment
Unit 5 The Value of Money
1.basis（n.）基础，根据，基点 （v.）基于 （adj.）基本的
2.apologize（v.）道歉，谢罪 （n.）道歉
3.ignore（v.）忽视 （n.）忽视 （adj.）忽视的
4.judge（v.）评价（n.）法官 （n.）评价
base
basic
apologize
ignorance
ignorant
judgment
5.narrator（n.）叙述者 （v.）叙述 （adj.）叙述的
6.servant （n.）仆人 （v.） 服务 （n.）服务
7.sail （v.）航行 （n.）航行 （n.）水手
8.mining（n.）采矿 （n.）矿 （n.）矿工
9.patience（n.）耐心 （adj.）有耐心的（n.）病人
（adj.）没有耐心的 （adv.）没有耐心地
narrate
narrative
serve
service
sailing
sailor
mine
miner
patient
impatient
patiently
10.indicate（v.）表明，显示，象征 （n.）表明，迹象
11.obligation（n.）义务，职责 （v.）迫使，强迫
12.intention（n.）打算，计划 （v.）打算
13.musical（adj.）音乐的 （n.）音乐
14.pursue（v.）追求 （n.）追求
15.hesitate（v.）犹豫 （n.）犹豫
16.eventually（adv.）最后，终于 （adj.）最后的
indication
oblige
intend
music
pursuit
hesitation
eventual
17.downstairs（adv.）在楼下 反义词： （adv.）在楼上
18.willing（adj.）乐意，愿意 （n.）意愿
19.upper（adj.）上面的 反义词： （adj.）下面的
20.external（adj.）外部的 反义词： （adj.）内部的
upstairs
willingness
lower
internal
阅读理解常见同义替换
PART THREE
复习：阅读理解——细节理解题
直接细节题：
1.5W1H
2.是非题
（1）NOT true （2）false （3）ture （4）NOT given
间接细节题：
1.同义、反义替换
（1）同义词、反义词
（2）同源词
直接比对
排除法
复习：阅读理解——细节理解题
间接细节题：
1.同义、反义替换
（3）简化复杂表达
（4）正话反说
（5）变换语态
英语喜欢用被动，中文喜欢用主动
日常积累（讲义附录部分、生词本）
复习：阅读理解——细节理解题
间接细节题：
数字计算：
提问：when, in which year, how much/many
（1）直接数数
（2）涉及数字的英文单词
decade十年 fornight 两周 double 两倍
triple 三倍 couple 两个 score 二十
dozen 十二 off 减价 discount 折扣
背诵
复习：阅读理解——细节理解题
干扰选项特征：
（1）半对半错
（2）无中生有
（3）张冠李戴
（4）以偏概全
解题方法：
先读题，从题目定位文章所在段落，比对
1.（2022新高考全国1卷B篇）原文：Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than neccessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
题目：What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food assumptions.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
同义替换：
buy=purchase
2.（2022年新高考全国1卷C篇）原文：The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织） to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing.
题目：What is the purpose of the project
A.To ensure harmony in care homes.
B.To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C.To raise money for medical research.
D.To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
同义替换：
welfare=wellbeing
3.（2022年新高考全国1卷D篇）原文：“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
题目： What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
同义替换：
not neccessarily remained stable=dynamic
4.（2022年全国甲卷C篇）原文：And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.
What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
同义替换：
cheap deals=a discount fare
5. （2022年全国甲卷）原文：Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
题目：What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A.It is losing its traditions.
B.It should speed up its progress.
C.It should expand its population.
D.It is becoming more international.
同义替换：
swept aside=lose, past=tradition
6.原文：（2022年全国新高考2卷A 篇）Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
选项：What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum
A. Using the computer.
B. Talking with each other.
C. Touching the exhibits.
D. Exploring the place alone.
同义替换：
not allowed=prohibited
unaccompanied=alone
7. 原文：（2022年全国乙卷D篇）First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity （肥胖）.
选项：Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools.
B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health.
D. To encourage research in education.
同义替换：
reduce obesity=protect health, childhood=children’s
8.原文：（2022年全国乙卷D篇）Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.
选项：How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A. They turned to overseas markets.
B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production.
D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
同义替换：
fewer=cut down on
9.原文：（2022年新高考全国1卷B篇）Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished （有瑕疵的） produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.
选项：What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
同义替换：
blemished produce=unwanted food
10.（2022年新高考全国2卷D篇）原文：But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
选项：What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A.Making use of the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
同义替换：
far larger groups of people=further, study=research
11.（2022年全国乙卷C篇）With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
选项：What function is expected of the rail drones
A. To provide early warning.
B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews.
D. To accelerate transportation.
同义替换：
signal any problems=warning
12.（2022年新高考2卷B篇）There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.
选项： What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A.He lacks experience in his job.
B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department.
D. He often interviews internet stars.
同义替换：
spent little time in front of a camera=seldom appears
13. （2022年新高考2卷D篇）“And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.”
选项：What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic（需氧的） exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
同义替换：
stronger and fitter=younger/better, pump blood=aerobic
14.（2022年全国甲卷C篇）The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
选项：What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A.It could be a home for her.
B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved.
D. It needs to be fully introduced.
同义替换：
precious, respected=well preserved
15.（2022年全国甲卷D篇）Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords （口号）, and traditions are increasingly rare.
选项：What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions.
B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population.
D. It is becoming more international.
同义替换：
rare=losing
感谢您的观看2023届高三英语高考冲刺阶段专项复习课程3
Part 1 必修第三册词性变化
Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
make-up（n.）化妆品 注意：make up
origin （n．）起源；起因；出身 （adj.）最初的；原创的；新颖的 （adv.）本来；原来
charm （n.）魅力 （v．）吸引，迷住 （adj.）着迷的 （adj.）有魅力的
joy （n．）高兴；喜悦 （adv.）开心地
gratitude （n．）感激之情 （adj.）感激的
gather（v.）聚会 （n.）聚会
decorate （v.）装饰 （n.）装饰
significant （adj.）有重大意义的；显著的 （n.）重要性
typical（adj.）典型的，有代表性的 （adv.）典型地 （n.）类型，种类
evil（adj.）邪恶的（n.）罪恶 反义词： （adj.）慈善的
reflect （v.）反映；反射 （n.）反映；思考
belief （n．）信仰 （v.）相信 （adj.）可信的 （adj.）难以置信的
faith （n．）相信 （adj.）忠诚的；虔诚的 （adv.）虔诚地
occasion （n．）时机，机会 （adj.）偶然的，偶尔的 （adv.）偶尔
merry（adj.）愉快的；高兴的 （adv.）高兴地；愉快地
pleased （adj.）高兴的 （adj.）令人愉快的 （v.）使满意 （n．）令人高兴的事
frank（adj.）坦率的 （adv.）坦率地
inner（adj.）内部的 反义词： （adj.）外部的
autonomous（adj.）自治的 （n.）自治权
region（n.）地区，区域 （adj.）区域的
represent （v.）象征；代表 （n．）代表（adj.）有代表性的
grace（n.）优美，优雅 （adj.）优雅的
absolutely（adv.）绝对地 （adj.）绝对的
brief（adj.）主要的 （adv.）主要地
wedding（n.）婚礼 （v.）结婚
respect （n./v.）尊敬；尊重 （adj.）恭敬的 （adj.）可敬的
（adj.）受人尊敬的
horrible （adj.）令人震惊的 （n.）畏惧
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
moral（adj.）道德的（n.）品行 （n.）道德准则 （adv.）道德上地
virtue（n.）高尚的道德，美德 形近词： （adj.）事实上的 （adj.）视觉上的
illustrate （v.）阐明 （n.）图示 （n.）插图画家
precious（adj.）珍惜的 （adv.）珍惜地
entrust（v.）委托 （v.）信任
marriage （n．）结婚；婚姻 （v.）结婚
majority（n.）大部分 （adj.）主要的 （n.）主修课程 反义词： （adj.）细小的 （n.）少数，少数民族
complain（v.）抱怨 （n.）抱怨
scholarship（n.）奖学金 （n.）学者
physician（n.）医师，内科医生 （n.）物理学 （adj.）物理的，身体的
colleague（n.）同事 形近词： （n.）大学
appoint（v.）任命，委派 （n.）约会 （adj.）指定的
tend （v.）照顾, 倾向 （n.）趋势 形近词： （n.）趋势
publish（v.）发表作品，出版 （n.）出版商 （n.）出版
staff（n.）员工，全体职员 （n.）东西
retire（v.）退休 （n.）退休 （adj.）退休的
saving（n.）节省物，存款 （v.）节约，救
principle（n.）道德原则 形近词： （n.）校长
passive（adj.）被动的，消极的 反义词： （adj.）主动的，积极的
scared（adj.）害怕的 （adj.）令人恐惧的 形近词： （adj.）神圣的
sharp（adj.）锋利的 （adv.）急剧地 （v.）削尖
insurance（n.）保险 （v.）保证
energetic（adj.）精力充沛的 （n.）能量
replace （v.）取代 （n.）更换
accident（n.）事故 （adj.）意外的 （adv.）偶然地
operation（n.）手术，经营 （v.）操作，运转 （n.）操作员
assist （v.）帮助 （n.）助理 （n.）帮助
memory（n.）记忆力 （v.）记忆
waitress（n.）女服务员 （n.）男服务员
harm（v.）伤害；损害 （adj.）有害的 （adv.）有害地 （adj.）无害的 （adv.）无害地
flexible （adj.）灵活的 （adv.）灵活地 （n.）灵活性
tension （n．）紧张关系 （adj.）紧张的
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
fortune （n.）机会，运气 （adj.） 幸运的 （adj.）不幸的 （adv.）幸运地 （adv.） 不幸地 （n.）厄运，不幸的事物
spicy（adj.）辛辣的 （n.）香料
ethnic（adj.）民族的 形近词： （n.）伦理，伦理学 （adj.）道德的
admit（v.）承认，准许进入 （n.）入场费，准许进入
definitely（adv.）肯定 （adj.）确定的 形近词： （v.）定义
occur（v.）发生，出现 （n.）发生的事
downtown（adv.）在市中心 （n.）家乡
historical （adj.）历史的 （n.）历史 （adj.）有历史意义的；历史性的
earn （v.）挣得 （n.）收入
immigrant（n.）外来移民 （n.）移居者 （v.）移入；自外国移入 （n.）移民 反义词： （n.）移居外国的人
select （v.）挑选 （n．）挑选 （adj.）选择性的
china（n.）瓷器 （n.）中国
journal（n.）日记 形近词： （n.）旅行
series（n.）一系列，一连串 形近词： （adj.）严肃的
minority（n.）少数民族，少数 （n.）细微的 反义词： （n.）大多数 （adj.）主要的
financial（adj.）财政的，金融的 （n.）金融 （adv.）财政地
poetry（n.）诗歌 （n.）诗 （n.）诗人
collection（n.）作品 （v.）收集
percentage（n.）百分率 （n.）百分比
mild（adj.）温和的 （adv.）温和地 形近词： （adj.）野的，未开发的，荒凉的
settle（v.）定居 （n.）定居
construction（n.）建筑，建筑物 （v.）建造
clothing（n.）衣服，服装（总称） （n.）衣服
herbal（adj.）药草的 （n.）香药
suit（v.）适合（n.）西服 （adj.）适合的 （adv.）适合地
（adj.）不适合的
contain（v.）包含 （n.）容器
Unit 4 Space Exploration
procedure（n.）程序，步骤，手续 （n.）过程
mental（adj.）精神上的 （adv.）精神上地
intelligent（adj.）有智慧的 （n.）智力
frontier（n.）边境 （n.）正前方
universe（n.）宇宙 （adj.）普遍的 （adv.）普遍地
determine（v.）确定，决定 （n.）决心
agency（n.）服务机构 （n.）代理人
transmit（v.）传输，运送 （n.）运输，运送
disappointed（adj.）失望的，沮丧的 （v.）使失望，使沮丧 （adj.）令人失望的，令人沮丧的
desire（n./v.）欲望，渴望 （adj.）渴望的
independent（adj.）独立的 （n.）独立性 （v.）依靠，依赖
signal（v.）标志着（n.）信号，标志 （v.）标志
muscle（n.）肌肉 （adj.）有肌肉的
lack（n./v.）缺乏 （adj.）缺乏的，不足的
sufficient（adj.）足够的 （n.）足够
regular（adj.）定期的，常规的 （adj.）不定期的，不规则的
resource（n.）资源 （adj.）资源丰富的，足智多谋的
limited（adj.）有限的 （adj.）无限的 （v.）限制
closing（adj.）结尾的（n.）停业 （n.）结束（v.）关闭
mystery（n.）谜 （adj.）神秘的
attach（v.）系 （adj.）附着的 （n.）附件
Unit 5 The Value of Money
basis（n.）基础，根据，基点 （v.）基于 （adj.）基本的
apologize（v.）道歉，谢罪 （n.）道歉
ignore（v.）忽视 （n.）忽视 （adj.）忽视的
judge（v.）评价（n.）法官 （n.）评价
narrator（n.）叙述者 （v.）叙述 （adj.）叙述的
servant （n.）仆人 （v.） 服务 （n.）服务
sail （v.）航行 （n.）航行 （n.）水手
mining（n.）采矿 （n.）矿 （n.）矿工
patience（n.）耐心 （adj.）有耐心的（n.）病人 （adj.）没有耐心的 （adv.）没有耐心地
indicate（v.）表明，显示，象征 （n.）表明，迹象
obligation（n.）义务，职责 （v.）迫使，强迫
intention（n.）打算，计划 （v.）打算
musical（adj.）音乐的 （n.）音乐
pursue（v.）追求 （n.）追求
hesitate（v.）犹豫 （n.）犹豫
eventually（adv.）最后，终于 （adj.）最后的
downstairs（adv.）在楼下 反义词： （adv.）在楼上
willing（adj.）乐意，愿意 （n.）意愿
upper（adj.）上面的 反义词： （adj.）下面的
external（adj.）外部的 反义词： （adj.）内部的
Part 2 阅读题型——细节理解题
细节题：在文中直接或间接找到与答案相关信息的题目。（考察最多）
方法：定位+比对/排除
直接细节题：5W+1H（简单）
间接细节题：（有些难度）
（1）同义、反义转化
同义替换情况：
排序、图文转化
数字计算
数字计算一般会涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量、距离计算
提问：when, in which year, how much/many
注意一些特殊词汇：
干扰项特征：
Part 3 阅读理解常见同义替换
1.（2022新高考全国1卷B篇）原文：Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than neccessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
题目：What does Curtin suggest people do
Buy only what is needed.
Reduce food assumptions.
Go shopping once a week.
Eat in restaurants less often.
同义替换：
（2022年新高考全国1卷C篇）原文：The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织） to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing.
题目：What is the purpose of the project
To ensure harmony in care homes.
To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
To raise money for medical research.
To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
同义替换：
（2022年新高考全国1卷D篇）原文：“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
题目： What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
同义替换：
（2022年全国甲卷C篇）原文：And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.
What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
5. （2022年全国甲卷）原文：Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
题目：What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
It is losing its traditions.
It should speed up its progress.
It should expand its population.
It is becoming more international.
同义替换：
6.原文：（2022年全国新高考2卷A 篇）Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
选项：What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum
A. Using the computer. B. Talking with each other.
C. Touching the exhibits. D. Exploring the place alone.
同义替换：
7. 原文：（2022年全国乙卷D篇）First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity （肥胖）.
选项：Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
同义替换：
原文：（2022年全国乙卷D篇）Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.
选项：How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A. They turned to overseas markets.
B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production.
D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
同义替换：
原文：（2022年新高考全国1卷B篇）Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished （有瑕疵的） produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.
选项：What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
同义替换：
（2022年新高考全国2卷D篇）原文：But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
选项：What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
Making use of the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
同义替换：
（2022年全国乙卷C篇）With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
选项：What function is expected of the rail drones
A. To provide early warning.
B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews.
D. To accelerate transportation.
同义替换：
（2022年新高考2卷B篇）There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.
选项： What can we learn about the author as a journalist
He lacks experience in his job.
B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department.
D. He often interviews internet stars.
13. （2022年新高考2卷D篇）“And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.”
选项：What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
同义替换：
14.（2022年全国甲卷C篇）The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
选项：What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
It could be a home for her.
B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved.
D. It needs to be fully introduced.
15.（2022年全国甲卷D篇）Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords （口号）, and traditions are increasingly rare.
选项：What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions.
B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population.
D. It is becoming more international.
同义替换：
附：近几年阅读理解同义替换（干扰选项常用伎俩）
同义 多种替换 同义 多种替换
1 独自 by oneself，on one’s own，independently，alone 2 有机会做 have the chance/opportunity of/to do，have/gain access to
3 代替 take the place of，take one’s place，replace B with A，substitute A for B，use...as an alternative to 4 下降；减少 decline，come/go down，drop，fall，decrease，reduce
5 逃脱 flee，escape from 6 提及；提到 refer to，mention，talk of，when it comes to
7 同时 at the same time，meanwhile，in the meanwhile 8 展览 on exhibition/show/ display
9 意识到 realize，recognize，sense，be aware/conscious of；awareness，consciousness，sense 10 对……有害 harm，be harmful to，be bad for
11 像；与……相似 be like，resemble，look like，bear a resemblance to，be identical to，be similar to 12 除了 apart from，aside from，besides，in addition to，as well as，moreover，furthermore，except，except for
13 方便的 at hand，handy，convenient 14 影响 affect，influence，have an effect/impact/influence on
15 推迟 postpone，put off，delay 16 面对；面临 face，be faced with，confront，be confronted with
17 占；组成 account for，make up，occupy，take up 18 各种各样的 various，a variety of，varieties of，diverse，all kinds/sorts of
19 为……所得到 be accessible to，have access to，be available to 20 虐待；不好好对待某人 treat sb. badly，abuse sb.，maltreat sb.
21 要了某人的命 claim one’s life，sth. cost sb. the life，sth. kill sb. 22 把……看作 treat...as，consider...as，think of...as，look on...as
23 承诺 promise to do，make a promise to do，commit oneself to 24 出现 show up，turn up，appear
25 与……不同； 区分 differ from，be different from，tell the difference between...and...，make a distinction between...and...，tell/distinguish...from... 26 参加；参与 take part in，attend，participate in，involve sb. in sth.，be involved in，be engaged in
27 与……一致 be consistent with，be in line with，correspond with，agree with，consist with 28 代表 represent，on behalf of
29 沉醉于；沉迷于；沉浸于 be addicted to，be hooked on，be lost in，be obsessed with，be drunk with，be absorbed in，be dedicated to 30 难以置信 unbelievable，beyond belief，incredible
31 用光； 耗尽 use up，run out of，give out，run out 32 充分利用 make full use of，take advantage of，make the most/best of
33 大多数；大部分 most，the majority of 34 处理；对付 deal with，do with，handle，cope with，tackle，address
35 在网上 on the Internet，online 36 与……有关 be related to，be linked to，be associated with，be connected with，be relevant to
37 导致； 造成 bring about，contribute to，cause，result in，lead to，account for 38 优于；有优势，超过…… be better than，have an edge/advantage over，be superior to
39 由……引起 result from，arise from 40 次于 be worse than，be inferior to
41 控告 accuse sb of，charge sb with 42 支持；赞成 support，in favor of，favor，subscribe to，in support of
43 提前 in advance，beforehand，ahead of time/schedule 44 追溯到 date back to，date from，be traced to，be traced back to
45 重要 matter，count，be important/significant/critical/vital/essential，be of importance/significance 46 由……组成 consist of，be made up of，be composed of
47 随机 at random，randomly 48 深信 hold the strong belief that，be greatly convinced that，strongly believe that
49 成功；设法做成 succeed in，be successful in，manage to do 50 未意识到；忽略 be unaware/unconscious of，fail to notice，overlook，neglect，ignore
51 一……就 as soon as，immediately，instantly，directly，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，upon/on doing 52 方法；方式；手段 approach，way，method，means，manner
53 提出 put forward，come up with，raise 54 反对 oppose，be opposed to，object to，raise an objection to
55 尤其； 特别 especially，in particular，particularly 56 以……为 骄傲 be proud of，take pride in
57 取笑； 嘲笑 laugh at，tease，make fun of，play tricks/jokes on 58 穿 dress up，get/be dressed in，wear，put on
59 厌烦； 厌倦 be tired/sick of，be bored with，be fed up with 60 强调 stress，underline，emphasize，place/put great emphasis on，attach great importance/value to
61 容忍 bear，put up with，tolerate，stand 62 照顾 attend (to)，take care of，look after
63 流行； 受欢迎 catch on，be popular with，be fashionable，in fashion，in style，be well received，gain popularity 64 确保 make sure/certain，ensure，guarantee
65 不流行；不受 欢迎 be unfashionable，out of fashion，out of style 66 负责 be responsible for，take/bear/shoulder responsibility for，answer for，take charge of
67 有时； 偶尔 now and then，sometimes，occasionally，from time to time 68 寻找 look for，search for，seek，be in search of
69 实现 梦想 realize/fulfil/achieve/accomplish one’s dream，make one’s dream come true 70 渴望 be eager/thirsty/hungry/desperate for/to do，have a strong urge/desire to do，desire to do
71 能够；有能力做某事 be able to do，be capable of doing，have the ability/capacity to do 72 对……有益 be good for，benefit，benefit from，be beneficial/of benefit to
73 老年人 old people，the old，senior citizens，the aged，the elderly 74 弥补 make up for，compensate for，make up
75 故意/ 偶然 on purpose，deliberately，by design，purposely/by accident，by chance，accidentally 76 澄清 clarify，make sth. clear
77 认为；持有……观点 think，believe，hold the view/idea/opinion that，argue/claim that 78 雇用 employ，take on，hire
79 疲惫 be tired out，be worn out，be exhausted，be burnt out 80 吸引 attract，be attracted to，appeal to，catch one’s eye/attention
Part 4 高考定语从句练习（下节课讲解、高考重点语法）
做题方法：找出先行词，从句，将先行词代入定语从句中
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词：when,where, why
1．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
A．when B．where C．what D．which
2．（2021·山东·高考真题）I still remember the park ________we met for the first time.
A．how B．where C．why D．when
3．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
4．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
5．（2020·江苏·高考真题）Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A．whose B．which C．when D．whom
6．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which
7．（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, ____________he gave it to his grandson.
A．which B．when C．where D．who
8．（2019·江苏·高考真题）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A．which B．what C．when D．that
9．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A．why B．where C．which D．what
10．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad.
A．who B．of which C．when D．of whom
11．（2018·天津·高考真题）There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in.
A．why B．which C．whom D．where
12.（2018·江苏·高考真题）Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A．that B．where C．which D．when
13．（2018·北京·高考真题）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A．which B．who C．as D．that
14．（2018·天津·高考真题）Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A．whom B．that C．whose D．Her
