(共93张PPT)
简单句及句子成分
教学目标
1、能够记住简单句的五种基本句型。
2、能够理解句子成分的概念及用法。
3、能够利用简单句的五种基本句型、句子成分的概念及用法做各种
题型的题目。
4、在实际生活中能够用所学的语言进行交际。
5、通过综合复习，让学生体验到成功的喜悦感，增强学好英语的
信心。
课堂导入
课堂导入
自主演唱
简单句口诀
快板演唱伴奏
课堂导入
句子成分口诀快板演唱
课堂导入
自主演唱
句子成分口诀快板演唱伴奏
新知讲解
简单句常见结构
1、“主语+谓语”结构: 句子由主语和谓语两部分构成，谓语动词是不及物动词。
2、“主语+谓语+宾语”结构:谓语动词是及物动词，后面接有宾语。
3、“主语+系动词+表语”结构:表语通常是名词或形容词，句子中没有实义动词。
4、“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构:谓语动词是及物动词，间接宾语一般诗人，直接宾语一般是物。
5、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构:有一些及物动词带了宾语后，句子意思表达不完整，还需要有一个宾语补足语对宾语做出补充说明，表明宾语的身份，特征等，使句意完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
新知讲解
句子成分
概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
新知讲解
*行为主体是主语，名/代/数/the形做主，不定式/动名词，从句亦可做主语。
主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、
动名词和主语从句等来承担。
大多数主语都在句首，在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。
主语
新知讲解
主语:句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
The classroom is very big. （名词）
He likes dancing. （代词）
Three are enough. 三个人就够了（数词作主语）
The rich are not happy.(名词化的形容词做主语)
To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.（不定式作主语）
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.(动名词做主语)
What we need is food 我们最需要的是食物.（从句作主语）
在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：
There are some bottles of milk in the bottle。
主语
新知讲解
在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。
如：
It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers about three months to build the house.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
主语
课堂练习
练习：找出下列句子中的主语,并说明什么作句子主语。
1.We work in the factory.
2.The apples are on the table.
3.The young should help the old.
4.Twenty years is a short time.
5. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
6. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
7.There is an apple on the table.
8. Our school is not far from my home.
9. It is a great pleasure to talk with you.
10.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.
11.It is clear that our school is the best in the city 。
12.What he said surprised me.
代词作主语
名词作主语
名词化的形容词作主语
数词作主语
名词作主语
不定式作主语
名词作主语
名词作主语
It形式主语，不定式作主语
动名词作主语
It形式主语，真正的主语是that从句
从句作主语
主语
课堂练习
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
课堂练习
1.Do exercise is good for your health.
2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.
动词不能做主语！
动词的非谓语形式动名词或动词不定式可以做主语。
Doing exercise / To do exercise is good for your health.
Eating too much meat is bad for your health.
主语
课堂练习
1.Mary with her two daughters _____ going to Shanghai next month.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
2.____ more exercise does good to your health.
A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing
3.____ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday.
A. That B. This C. It D. They
C
D
C
主语
新知讲解
谓语：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样，是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态.
由动词或者动词词组充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
没有动作的句子表达主语的状态，用系动词+表语，共同构成谓语。
谓语动词或系动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。
行为动作是谓语，及物动词带宾语，
不及物，不带宾，加上介副可带宾。
表状态，主系表，不见行为用主系表。
（二）谓语
新知讲解
The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
How often do you go shopping
Why didn’t you come back last night
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成
（二）谓语
新知讲解
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cough.
We are sudents.
That idea sounds great!
复合谓语：1.情态动词\助动词+v
2.系动词+adj.
（二）谓语
新知讲解
Open the door, please!
Go and get some water for me.
Don’t laugh at others!
Don’t come back late tonight
祈使句
1.省略主语you
2.谓语动词用原形
（二）谓语
课堂练习
找出下列句子的谓语
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
③ Do you usually go to school by bus
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast
（二）谓语
课堂练习
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
⑨ He is interested in music.
⑩ Whom did you give my book to
11. Put away your books right now!
（二）谓语
课堂练习
按要求找出下列句子的主谓：
1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主谓 / 主系表）
2. He broke a piece of glass. （主谓）
3. Don’t get nervous，and help yourself to what you like． （主谓）
4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主谓）
5. There are many people in the hall.（主）
6. Would you please pass me the cup （主谓）
祈使句,省略主语you
（二）谓语
课堂练习
1.It is difficult for me ______ so much work within one night. Can you help me
A. finish B. finishing
C. to finish D. finished
2.John with two of his friends ____ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon.
A. go B. went C. goes D.gone
It’s adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是……的
形式主语
真正的主语
单项选择
to finish
C
介词短语不能做主语
（二）谓语
课堂练习
3.__ up early, or you will miss the early bus.
A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets
4.________ up early is good for your health.
A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets
5.Wow! The cake tastes _______! Can I have one more
A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good
祈使句，谓语动词用原形
动名词做主语
感官动词+adj.构成主系表结构
（二）谓语
课堂练习
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
③ Do you usually go to school by bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
⑨ He is interested in music.
⑩ Whom did you give my book to
新知讲解
表语：说明主语是说明或怎么样，
由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。它的位置在系动词后面。
（三）表语
新知讲解
You look younger than before.形容词作表语
My father is a teacher.名词作表语
Everyone is here.副词作表语
They are at the theatre.介词短语作表语
My job is to teach them English.不定式作表语
Her job is training the nurses动名词作表语
That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. .从句作表语
（三）表语
系动词的分类
1、be（各种时态）
一般现在时：am/is/are/
一般过去时：was/were
一般将来时：/will be/ is going to be/ are going to be
现在完成时：have been/ has been /
过去将来时：would be / was going to be/weregoing to be
过去完成时：had been
be 与情态动词连用: can be / may be/ must be
2、表示变化的连系动词：become 、get、turn
3、感官动词：feel、touch 、smell、sound、taste、look
The soup tastes sweet. It sounds good.
4、保持：keep、stay、remain
we must keep healthy stay healthy
Some leaves remained there for a long time
（三）表语
挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
新知讲解
宾语:表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。
四、宾语
*行为对象是宾语，名/代/数/the形做宾，不定式/动名词，从句亦可做宾语
有些及物带双宾，人是间宾物直宾， 不用双宾物在前，to或者for放人前，
位置转移人前to，位置不移for人前。
新知讲解
名词作宾语
He never forgives others for their mistakes.
名词化的形容词
The rich should help the poor.
代词做宾语
He often helps me.
数词作宾语
I was among the first to arrive
不定式作宾语
He likes to sleep in the open air.
动名词作宾语
The Americans enjoyed living in China.
从句做宾语
I believe that they can finish the work in time.
四、宾语
新知讲解
直接宾语和间接宾语
及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。
如：
We brought them some food.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。
We brought some food for them.
四、宾语
新知讲解
双宾语结构常用句型
give sb sth = give stn to sb
pass sb sth = pass sth to sb
send sb sth = send sth to sb
write sb sth = write sth to sb
buy sb sth = buy sth for sb
make sb st = make sth for sb
不用双宾物在前，to或者for放人前，
位置转移人前to，位置不移for人前
常用的能接双宾语的
及物动词有：
give, teach ，buy ,lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read,pay, make, offer, build, pass,bring, cook,rufuse等
四、宾语
课堂练习
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me
课堂练习
宾语：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。
I like China.
He hates you.
How many do you need We need two
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you
I hope to see you again.
Did you write down what he said
四、宾语
课堂练习
He is afraid of her--his headteacher.
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
介词后面的宾语：介宾
注意：人称代词要用宾格
I decided to go with _______.
A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she
四、宾语
课堂练习
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：
双宾
四、宾语
课堂练习
I think it hard to finish this difficult job
before Sunday.
形式宾语
真正宾语
四、宾语
课堂练习
① My brother hasn’t done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your job.
④ How many new words did you learn last class
找出下列句子的宾语
四、宾语
课堂练习
5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you
6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
7.They made him monitor of the class.
8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
9.They think it impossible to get to the station in such a
short time.
四、宾语
课堂练习
挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
① My brother hasn‘t done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn‘t know who “Father Christmas” really is.
宾语的补足语
在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.
* 有些及物接宾语，表达句意不完整，名/代/形/副/不/分词，放在宾后作宾补， 说明宾语意义状态，说明宾语身份特征。
五、宾语补足语
If you let me go, I’ll make you king.名词作宾补
Don’t make your hands dirty.形容词作宾补
We found Li Ming out when we arrived.副词作宾补
Make yourself at home. 介词短语作宾补
I saw a girl go into the building.省略to的不定式作宾补
The boy ordered the dog to lie down.带to的不定式作宾补
The boss kept them working all day.现在分词作宾补
Yesterday he got his leg broken.过去分词作宾补
五、宾语补足语
新知讲解
在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：
1、“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。
We call him Jack.
They made Li Lei their monitor.
2、“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：
Do you think his idea wrong
We must keep our classroom clean.
We can’t leave him alone.
Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday
We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.
五、宾语补足语
新知讲解
3、“宾语+副词”。
副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。
常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。
如：
Let him in/ out.
Mr. Li drove us home.
When got there, we found him out.
4、“宾语+介词短语”。
介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。
如：
We found everything in good order.
We regard him as our good friend.
He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.
五、宾语补足语
新知讲解
5、“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：
（1） 要求带to的不定式
The cool water of the lake invited us to swim.
（2） 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
I often hear him read English in his room.
（3）单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to
She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.
6、“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，
此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。
I saw them playing on the playground.
I heard Mary singing in the classroom.
7、“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。
I had my bike stolen.
The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.
五、宾语补足语
新知讲解
8、宾语+what 从句
Call me what you like.
Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.
The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.
五、宾语补足语
课堂练习
挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
课堂练习
The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river.
playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
2. I feel __ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
that B. how C. it D.what
3. He found the street much ____.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdly
4. I think ___ necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is
5. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
6. You can’t have the horse _____ all the way. It’s too hot.
run B. to run C. running D. to be running
ACC BBC
五、宾语补足语
课堂练习
7. When I came back, I found the house _____ and everything _____.
was broken; took away B. broken into; taken away
C. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away
8. I heard that you were elected _____ this time.
monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor
9. When I came back, I found nobody ___. It was empty.A. on B. out C. in D. away
10. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ______.
hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
11. For a time his grandmother found _____ accept his new idea.
hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to
12. Tell him _____ the window.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
13. ----There’s a hole in your bag. ---- I know, I’m going to have it _____.
mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended
14. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
BA CDCBCA
五、宾语补足语
课堂练习
15. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.
to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going
16. I found the door _____ when I got home.A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open
17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.
not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to
18. I advised _____ at once.A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start
19. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.
A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating
20. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out
ADA BCB
五、宾语补足语
新知讲解
定语：用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。
单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。
六、定语
新知讲解
The black bike is mine.形容词作定语
What’s your name 代词作定语
They made some paper flowers.名词作定语
Three monkeys are in the tree.数词作定语
The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.介词短语作定语
I have lots to eat and drink.不定式作短语
The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.从句作定语
六、定语
新知讲解
在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称“后置定语”。
1、 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。如：
We’ll go to have something English.
If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else.
Do you have anything important to tell me
2.介词短语作定语时要后置。如：
Do you know the boy behind the tree
The students in the room are all my friends.
I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.
六、定语
新知讲解
3、动词的不定式作定语时要后置What about something to drink
I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.
注 动词不定式作定语时，to 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。如果时短语时，那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的。
Do you have any piece of music to listen to
Giveme something to eat.
4、nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。如：
We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below
The people downstairs are listening to a talk now
They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.
六、定语
课堂练习
挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
课堂练习
1．He can't hear you, because there is ____ noise here
A．very much B．too much C．much too D．so many
2．____ name is Han Meimai.
A．Herself B．Hers C．She D．Her
3．There isn't ____ water in the cup.
A．any B．many C．some D．The
4．----Look! We have ____ sugar.
----Really Let's go and buy some.
A．few B．a few C．little D．a little
5．Today, ____ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.
A．much too B．too much
C．many too D．too many
B D A C D
六、定语
课堂练习
6．Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you.
A．important anything B．anything important
C．important something D．something important
7．She has some work _____.A. to do B. do C.doing D.to be done
8．Is there _____ in today’s newspaper.
A. something new B. new anthing C. nothing new D.new nothing
9.He found a house ___ .A. to live B. to live in C. Live D.live in
10.There is no ice ____. A. to skate B. to skate on C.skate .D.skate on
D A C B B
六、定语
新知讲解
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、
方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或
短语来充当。（若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语，常见的4个的顺序为：
方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。）
状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：
He did it carefully
They missed me very much.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
When I was young, I could swim well.
七、状语
新知讲解
英语中的状语按其用途，可以分为时间状语、地点状语、方面状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、程度状语、方式状语、伴随状语等11种。
一、时间状语
She is to be married next month. 她预定在下个月结婚。
I’ll meet you at 4 o’clock. 我将在4点钟和你见面。
A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨天许多学生误了我的课。
七、状语
新知讲解
二、地点状语
He lives over the mountain. 他住在山的那一边。
I first met him in Paris. 我初次见到他是在巴黎。
The children are swimming in the river. 孩子们正在河里游泳。
注：地点状语除表位置外，还可以表“出发”“去向”“距离”等。如：
Are you glad to be going back to school 返回学校你感到高兴吗
They lived many miles from the town. 他们住的地方离镇子好几英里远。Wherever you go, you should work hard.
七、状语
新知讲解
三、方面状语
She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。
She does well in physics.
China is very rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。
This is better in every way than that. 这个在哪一方面都比那个要好。
The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 这座桥长2500米，高150米。
七、状语
新知讲解
四、原因状语
He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。
He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功。
He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因为抢劫而坐牢。
Last week she fell ill from cold. 上星期她着凉生病了。
We’re pround of our motherland. 我们为祖国感到骄傲。
七、状语
新知讲解
五、结果状语
He talked his wife into buying a car. 他说服他妻子买一辆小汽车。
The box is too heavy for me to lift. 这个箱子太重了，我提不动。
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
He went to Africa in 1963, never to come back. 他在1963年到非洲，然后就再也没回来过了。
七、状语
新知讲解
六、目的状语
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
He saves on behalf of his son. 他为儿子存钱。
He stood aside for her to pass. 他靠边站让她过去。
He cupped his ear to hear better. 他的手捂着耳朵，以便听得更清楚。
He went to the south in search of a better life. 他去南方寻求更好的生活。
I went to France not to study French, but to study architecture. 我去法国不是为了学法语，而是为了学建筑。
七、状语
新知讲解
七、条件状语
Can you see without your glasses 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？
With more money I would be able to buy it. 钱多一点的话，我就买得起。
To look at him you could hardly help laughing. 看到他你就会忍不住笑起来。
We must be losing at least a third of our staff under new technology. 在新的技术条件下，我们必定要解雇至少三分之一的员工。
Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。
七、状语
新知讲解
八、让步状语
For all his money, he’s a very lonely man. 他虽然富有，可是非常寂寞。
Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill. 卡洛尔尽管感到不舒服仍去上了班。
With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。
You couldn’t do that to save your life. 你即使为了救自己的命也不能那样做。
Laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy. 人人都嘲笑他，但我却同情他。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。
七、状语
新知讲解
九、程度状语
I don’t like coffee very much. 我不太喜欢咖啡。
To a great extent, it is not fair. 在很大程度上，这是不公平的。
The system which is used in this school is very successful. 这个学校所施行的制度是非常成功的。
七、状语
新知讲解
十、方式状语
We came on the bus. 我们坐公共汽车来的。
You must pay the bill in cash. 你必须用现金付账。
I watched the game on television. 我在电视上收看了那场比赛。
We see with our eyes, and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。
I heard of the job through a newspaper advertisement. 我从报上的广告中知道了这个工作。
七、状语
新知讲解
十一、伴随状语
I slept with the window open. 我开着窗睡觉。
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着泪水说再见。
He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他气喘吁吁地跑到她跟前。
He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗跑进屋来。
七、状语
新知讲解
副词常常作状语，句中位置必清楚， 修饰形/副前边走，修饰全句放句首，
Enough 不一般，放在形/副词后边， 频度副词最常见，系/助/情后实义前， Sometimes是有时，句首句中都可安。时间副词放后边，强调时间句首添，
其他不确定时间，句首句尾句中安。
1.very good ，so fast ，quite naughty ，pretty well
2.Suddenly， he ranaway. Luckily, he didn’t hurt himself.
3.He does his homework carefuly enough.
He is strong enough.
4.放在句中修饰动词，通常是be动词之后，助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前，如usually,often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still…… He often goes to school by bike .
He is often late.
5.放在句末修饰动词，如very much，a lot，quickly，fast，high lowly……
6.有的副词在句子中位置灵活，如already，only，sometime……
七、状语
※副词作状语的位置：
新知讲解
多个状语在句中，程方地时顺序连。
七、状语
He is menging the car
very carefully with his father in the garden now。
程度 方式 地点 时间
课堂练习
挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling so fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you‘ve lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
新知讲解
七、状语----状语从句
常见的有
1.although/though/even though引导的让步状语从句。
2.if/unless引导的条件状语从句。
3.until/when/while/as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
4.because引导的原因状语从句，so that引导的目的状语从句等。
if引导的条件状语从句和when引导的时间状语从句一般都会和时态相结合，即主要考查“主将从现”原则。
新知讲解
状语从句由从属连词引导,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
七、状语----状语从句
新知讲解
状语从句的分类 从句的引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when/while/as(当……时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(自从……以来),notuntil(直到…才),as soon as(一…就…) I was doing my homework when my father came in.
当我爸爸进来的时候我正在做作业。
He did not go to bed until his father came back.直到爸爸回来他才上床睡觉。
条件状语从句 if(如果),as long as(只要),unless(除非) Unless bad weather stops me,I go for a walk every day.我每天都去散步,除非遇上坏天气。
原因状语从句 because(因为),since(既然),as(由于) I like to eat apples because they’re good for my health.我喜欢吃苹果,因为它们对我的健康有益。
Since everyone is here,let’s begin our meeting.既然每个人都在这儿,我们开始开会吧。
目的状语从句 so that(以便,为了),in order that(为了) He gets up early every morning so that he can get to school on time.
他每天早上早起,以便能按时到校。
结果状语从句 so that(结果是),sothat/suchthat(如此……以至于) It’s so hot that nobody wants to go out.
天太热,以至于没人想出去。
让步状语从句 though/although(尽管,虽然),even if(即使),whatever(无论什么),wherever(无论哪里),whenever(无论何时) Wherever you go,I will go with you.
无论你去哪儿,我都跟着你。
Whenever you come,I will wait for you.无论你什么时候来,我都会等你。
比较状语从句 than(比……),asas(和……一样),not as/soas(不如……) He is as tall as Tom is.
他和汤姆一样高。
地点状语从句 where(……的地方),wherever(无论哪里) Sit wherever you like.请随便坐。
七、状语----状语从句
新知讲解
时间状语从句
(1)当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句,表示将来的意义时,从句通常用一般现在时,简称“主将从现”。
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。
(2) when引导的时间状语从句,通常表示主句和从句的动作同时发生;
before表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前;
after则表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后;
as引导时间状语从句时,往往表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,不分先后。
七、状语----状语从句
新知讲解
(3)until/till引导的时间状语从句。
①主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句用肯定形式,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。
I’ll wait for you till you come to see me.我会一直等到你来看我。
②主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。构成句式notuntil,有时不用not,而用其他如never,nothing等表否定意义的词。
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.我直到完成作业才去睡觉。
(4)since引导的时间状语从句,表示“自从……以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
I have worked in this school since I graduated from Beijing University.从北京大学毕业以后,我就一直在这所学校工作。
It is 10 years since I began to study English.我学英语十年了。
七、状语----状语从句
新知讲解
条件状语从句
(1)主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
I’ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去游览长城。
(2)如果if引导的条件状语从句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行,从句要用现在完成时或现在进行时,主句通常用一般将来时。
We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.如果你考虑买它,我们会给你一个好价钱。
(3)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”中,祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。
Use your head,and you’ll find a way.=If you use your head,you’ll find a way.动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。
七、状语----状语从句
新知讲解
原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常用because,since,as引导。由why提出的问题用because来回答。
I did that because she told me to.是她让我做那件事我才做的。
(2)如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实,就要用since,而不用as或because。since在这里的意思是“既然”。
Since you can’t answer the question,you can ask someone else for help.既然你不能回答这个问题,你可以找别人帮忙。
七、状语----状语从句
新知讲解
目的状语从句
(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有so that,in order that 等,从句谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would 等情态动词。
He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。
(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so as to,in order to。
He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.
=He worked day and night in order to succeed.他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。
七、状语----状语从句
新知讲解
结果状语从句
(1)由so...that,such...that 引导。 so...that与such...that的区别:
当名词前面有many或much、little或few 修饰时,用so而不用such。
七、状语----状语从句
新知讲解
（1）She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.她是一个如此可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。
We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。
(2)So that句型的否定形式可用too---to或not----enough to结构代替。
He is so young that he can’t go to school.=
He is too young to go to school.=
He is not old enough to go to school.他太小了不能去上
（一变否定句，二把形容词或副词变成反义词）
七、状语----状语从句
新知讲解
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句的时态一致问题一般有两种情况：
（1）“主将从现”：主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。常见的使用“主将从现”原则的连词有：
表示时间的when, while, after, before, until, till, whenever, as soon as, as long as, once 等；表示条件的if, unless, so long as, in case等。
（2）“主祈从现”：若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词时，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。
（3）“主情从现”：若主句有情态动词, 那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：
You can get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力学习，你将取得好成绩。
七、状语----状语从句
课堂练习
1.He could find the way home_____ he was only three years old.
A.though B.because C.where D.if
2.Our business won’t improve_____we offer better services to our customers.
A.because B.unless C.after D.since
3.Love your parents they are alive. Don’t wait until it is too late.
A.while B.though C.because D.unless
4.—Did you call Michael back —I didn’t need to, I’ll see him tomorrow.
A.unless B.because C.when D.though
5.The story is interesting everybody likes it very much.
A.very;that B.so;that C.such;that D.such;because
A B A B B
课堂练习
6.It was the middle of the night the sound of the piano woke me up.
A.because B.if C.when D.although
we didn’t win the basketball game, we were satisfied with our hard work. A.If B.Though C.Since D.Because
it’s a public holiday today, some firefighters in our city are still on duty.
A.Although B.Once C.If
9.My grandparents wrote letters to keep in touch with others they were young. 和其他人保持联系
A.when B.since C.after D.before
10.Tony was drawing a picture I was doing my homework.
A.if B.because C.while D.until
C B A A C
课堂练习
11.Mr. Black walked around and offered help we were doing an experiment. A.while B.although C.until D.unless
12.We don’t know the love of our parents we become parents ourselves one day.
A.until B.after C.when D.since
13.Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years we came to junior high school. We should thank them for what they have done for us. A.until B.before C.since
14.The students were singing happily I passed the school hall.
A.when B.unless C.though
15. it is often cold in the mountains, you need to wear warm clothes.
A.Though B.Unless C.As D.Until
A A CA C
课堂练习
16.We’ll stay at home it rains tomorrow. A.and B.if C.but D.so
17.The two companies decided to work together they had common interest. A.because B.unless C.but D.or
18.Xiao Ming, you’ll be late for school you hurry up.
A.after B.though C.unless
19.A stupid man tells a woman to shut up,while a wise man tells her that her mouth is quite beautiful it is closed.
A.unless B.since C.when D.though
20.I am really proud of my group we’re always discussing and sharing study secrets together. How important the group work is!
A.because B.though C.unless
BACCA
课堂练习
21. I got home, my sister was doing her homework.
A.When B.Because C.If D.Though
22.Our world will get better and better each of us lives a greener life.
A.before B.if C.though D.until
23.He went to the hill ____ .
A.to get bananas B.for get babanas C.getting nananas D. get bananas
24.Don’t get off ___the bus stops. A. after B. until C. when D. as soon as
25He looks ______,and he is looking at th blackboard _______
A.careful enough, carefully enough B.carefully enough ,careful enough,
C. enough carefully, enough careful D. enough carefulD enough carefully
A B A B A
课堂总结
英语简单句顺口溜快板词
英语句，千千万，五大句型把线牵。
简单句，最一般，主谓/主谓宾最常见；
有及物，带双宾，间宾是人物直宾；
有主谓宾，它不完整，后加宾补就完整；
表状态，主系表，不见行为用主系表。
课堂总结
句子成分顺口溜快板词
*主谓宾，定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。
*行为主体是主语，名/代/数/the形做主，不定式/动名词，从句亦可做主语。
*行为动作是谓语，及物动词带宾语，不及物，不带宾，加上介副带宾语。
*行为对象是宾语，名/代/数/the形做宾，不定式/动名词，从句亦可做宾语
有些及物带双宾，人是间宾物直宾， 不用双宾物在前，to或者for放人前，
位置转移人前to，位置不移for人前。
* 有些及物接宾语，表达句意不清楚，名/代/形/副/不/分词，放在宾后作宾补，
说明宾语意义状态，说明宾语身份特征。
*定语修饰主/宾语，限定说明修饰语，形代数名作定语，放主/宾前要清楚。
副短从句不定式，放在主/宾后切记。不定代词有定语，定语后置莫忘记。
*状语修饰动词谓语，十几种状语弄清楚。常见副词作状语，句中位置必清楚，
修饰形/副前边走，修饰全句放句首， Enough 不一般，放在形/副词后边，
频度副词最常见，系/助/情后实义前， Sometimes是有时，句首句中都可安。
时间副词句后边，强调时间句首添， 其他不确定时间，句首句尾句中安。
多个状语在句中，程方地时顺序连。
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin
