中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
重难点11 翻译解题技巧
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
一、确立主干
1、确立主语
（1）避免主语机械对应
这个地区雨比较多。It rains a lot in this area.
（2）方位词或时间词在主语位置
山下住着一位老妇人。There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.
（3）用it做主语翻译主语是复合结构的汉语
信不信是你的事。It is your concern whether you believe me or not.
最好是等他们回来。It is advisable to wait till they come back.
勤能补拙It is diligence that makes for deficiency.
2、确立谓语：英语的动词通常只能由某个动词或者系表结构担任
在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。We shouldn't be too romantic about personal relationship.
当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。
As long as he is living, he always works and studies as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.
二、语序调整
1、定语的位置：英语中，单词充当定语时多为前置，短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。
钓鱼是一项能陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。
Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental and physical health.
2、状语的位置
他是1970年5月20日在北京朝阳区出生的。He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.
3、汉英语言叙事重心不同：汉语先叙事，后表态或评论，以突出话题，这叫主题句。汉译英有时会译为掉尾句，即先表态或评论，后叙事，以突出主语。
万一有什么困难，给我们一个信。Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
4、汉英语言强弱词语的顺序不同：英语遵循前轻后重，前简后繁的原则。
救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice the revolutionary humanitarianism.
一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.
5、否定的转移
不是所有的金属都具有同样好的导电性能。All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.
我的朋友都不吸烟。None of my friends smoke.
6、习惯用法
衣食住行是老百姓关心的大问题。Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are the biggest concern of the common people.
他饥寒交迫，吃了不少苦。He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
三、正反互换
1、汉语正说，英语反译
那个房间的窗户总是关着的。The windows of that room were never open.
2、汉语反说，英语反译
汉语用“无、不、没、非”等词表示全部否定，在英语中可用no, not, none, nothing, nor, neither等词以及否定前缀、后缀等来对应翻译。
学习外语离不开好的词典。A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.
汉语用“决不、永不、从不”等词表示绝对否定，在英语中可用never, not at all, by no means等进行对译。
在任何情况下我们都不应该放弃希望。
Under no circumstances should we give up our hope.
汉语用“并非总是”“不是太”等表示部分否定，在英语中可用not every, not much, not always等进行对译。
汉语中用“几乎不、很少”等表示半否定，在英语中可用barely, hardly, seldom等进行对译。
3、汉语反说，英语正译：英语中有一类词形式上是肯定的，但意义上是否定的，在翻译汉语否定句时，可以直接使用。
生活远非净是乐事。Life is far from being a bed of roses.
风景美得无以言表。The scenery is too beautiful to describe.
4、双重否定的翻译：汉译英的双重否定用“否定词+not”来处理。
没有你的帮助，我是不能按时完成这一工作的。But for your help, I should not have finished the work in time.
人不会不犯错误。It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.
四、语态对译
1、汉语中的许多隐性被动结构在英译文中药转为显性。
推荐我的是一位教授。I was recommended by a professor.
2、汉语泛称如“有人”、“大家”等做主语时，英译时多使用被动结构;含有“据说”等不定人称的词语时，通常比较固定的用被动结构进行英译中。
3、汉语表示被动的句子在译为英语时，也可能转为主动句：一是表示“开始”、“结束”意义的不及物动词;二是表示“移位”、“运转”意义的动词;三是无灵主语的动作正在进行时。
蔬菜正在锅里做着。The vegetables are cooking.
五、长句翻译
1、原序对译：针对单一主语长句，关键是分清逻辑中心和层次。
我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。
Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain of my small room, only to spy a bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden.
最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信，他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。
We are very familiar with the scene when a person suddenly stopped his/her steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at the phone, not caring about his/her stopping in the road center or beside the restroom.
中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界与万物占着一个比例恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times, whose behavior in both philosophy and arts take a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world, but not as an absolute dominant ruler.
2、分句合译
它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。
Hardly any of them cares to look up and throws a glance at the beautiful twilight.
一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗
Could there be any standards to evaluate the meaning of one’s life
3、断句分译
一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。
One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. Instantly, a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over there.
4、主、次信息句
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业早日完成。
At the turn of century, as our motherland is becoming more prosperous and powerful, people across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together to realize the cause of the reunification of our motherland.
六、无主句
但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看待他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。
However, if we, on the whole, can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or not and what is his attitude towards his life and work, it would not be difficult to make an appropriate evaluation of the meaning of one’s life.
一、语篇翻译
A
（2022·湖南永州·统考二模）
阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语，并将答案填写在答题卡上对应题号的横线上。
Yang Peijie, 71, has been performing Haian flower-drum dances for more than 50 years.
Haian flower-drum dance dates back to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), with a history of more than 400 years. 1.它被用来展示当地渔妇的平静生活。 Many of its movements came from daily life and express positive feelings.
2. Yang started to learn the dance from old artists in the 1960s. At that time people could only learn it this way. There were no textbooks. Worrying it might get lost, 3.杨花了五年的时间研究舞蹈的历史, and recorded its movements in detail. He visited almost all the local artists and wrote a book about it.
In recent years, Yang has focused on spreading the dance among all age groups. He set up a team to work on this. The team members visit about eight schools each year to teach students. To interest kids, they break down difficult movements into several simple ones. 4. They also go to communities and parks to teach older people.
“I don’t want to see the art failing to be passed down from me,” Yang said.
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【答案】
It was used to show the peaceful lives of local fisherwomen.
杨在二十世纪六十年代开始向老艺术家学习舞蹈。
Yang spent five years studying the history of the dance
4．他们也去社区和公园教老年人。
【导语】本文讲述了海安花鼓传承人杨培杰如何传承海安花鼓的事迹。
1．它：it；被用来：be used to do；展示：show；当地渔妇的平静生活：the peaceful lives of local fisherwomen。结合语境，可知该句应用一般过去时，主语it为第三人称单数，因此be动词应用was。故填It was used to show the peaceful lives of local fisherwomen.
2．分析句子可知，该句为一般过去时的陈述句。Yang翻译为“杨”；started to翻译为“开始”；learn the dance from old artists翻译为“向老艺术家学习舞蹈”；in the 1960s翻译为“在二十世纪六十年代”。故填“杨在二十世纪六十年代开始向老艺术家学习舞蹈。”
3．杨：Yang；花了五年的时间：spend five years doing；研究：study；舞蹈的历史：the history of the dance。结合语境，可知该句应用一般过去时，谓语动词spend的过去式为spent，动词study应用动名词形式studying。故填Yang spent five years studying the history of the dance。
4．分析句子可知，该句为一般现在时的陈述句。They翻译为“他们”；also翻译为“也”；go to communities and parks翻译为“去社区和公园”；to teach older people翻译为“教老年人”。故填“他们也去社区和公园教老年人。”
B
（2022·辽宁抚顺·统考一模）
阅读下面的短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
Do you know what a resolution is It’s a kind of promise. Most of the time, we make promises to other people (“Mom, I promise I’m going to tidy my room when I get back from school.”) However, promises you make to yourself are resolutions, and the most common kind is New Year’s resolutions. The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions. When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve our lives. . Some people write down them for the coming year. This helps them to remember their resolutions. Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.
People hardly ever keep them! Ther5e are good reasons for this. 6. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. Sometimes people just forget about them. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions! How about you Will you make any next year
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6．________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
5．有些人写下他们下一年的决心。
6．有时，这些决心可能很难维持。
【导语】本文讲述了关于新年决心的事情。
5．Some people“有些人”；write down“写下”；them此处是表示“决心”；for the coming year“在下一年里”。故填：有些人写下他们下一年的决心。
6．Sometimes“有时”；the resolutions“这些决心”；may be“可能”；too difficult to keep“很难维持”。故填：有时，这些决心可能很难维持。
C
（2022·湖南长沙·校考二模）
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Tea culture is varied (使多样化) in different countries by the way tea is made and drunk, and by the places for tea drinking. 7. For example, some people like drinking tea at home, while some like drinking it at tea houses.
As part of culture, tea is commonly seen at social activities. Afternoon tea is a British custom. 8. 喝下午茶时, 家人或者朋友们能互相沟通。And in China, tea has remained a way of daily life.
Drinking tea has a lot of advantages. 9. It helps people relax and lose weight, and reduces the risk of heart disease.
10. 中国人善于用茶使其他食物变得美味。It was served as a medicine in ancient times. Now it is not just a kind of drink popular with many people, but also excellent seasoning (调味品). Here are two delicious dishes made with tea.
Tea Eggs:You can find them cooked and sold in street markets in almost every city in China.
Dragon Well Tea Shrimp(龙井虾仁): It’s one of the best-knowndishes in Hangzhou.
Before you drink tea, please check the following tips:
◆ Drink hot tea.
◆ The best time to drink tea is between meals. It is bad for your stomach if you drink tea just before meals, during meals or soon after meals.
◆5.Drinking too much strong tea is bad for your health.
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【答案】
例如，一些人喜欢在家喝茶而一些人喜欢在茶馆喝茶。
Family and friends can communicate with each other while drinking afternoon tea.
它帮助人们放松、减肥和减少心脏病的风险。
Chinese people are good at using tea to make other food delicious.
11．喝太多的浓茶对你的健康不好。
【导语】本文主要介绍了不同国家的茶文化不同，茶作为文化的一部分，与历史、健康、教育、交流等有密切的关系。
7．分析句子可知，For example意为“例如”；some people意为“一些人”；“like drinking tea at home”意为“喜欢在家喝茶”；while意为“然而”，表转折；tea houses意为“茶馆”。故填：例如，一些人喜欢在家喝茶而一些人喜欢在茶馆喝茶。
8．分析句子可知，“喝下午茶时”为“while drinking afternoon tea”，为时间状语； “家人或者朋友们”为“Family and friends”，作主语；“与某人交流”为“communicate with sb.”；“互相”为“each other”。故填Family and friends can communicate with each other while drinking afternoon tea.
9．分析句子可知，help sb do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”；relax意为“放松”；lose weight意为“减肥”；reduces意为“减少”；the risk of heart disease意为“心脏病的风险”。故填：它帮助人们放松、减肥和减少心脏病的风险。
10．分析句子可知，“中国人”为“Chinese people”；“擅长做某事”为“be good at doing sth.”；“茶”为tea；“让某物变得美味”为make sth. delicious；“其他食物”为other food。故填Chinese people are good at using tea to make other food delicious.
11．分析句子可知，Drinking too much意为“喝太多”；strong tea意为“浓茶”；be bad for意为“对……有坏处”；your health意为“你的健康”。故填：喝太多的浓茶对你的健康不好。
二、英译汉：整句
12．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. （英译汉）
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【答案】青少年应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。
【详解】teenagers“青少年”，should“应该”，be allowed to do sth是被动语态结构，表示“被允许做某事”，choose their own clothes“选择他们自己的衣服”。故答案为：青少年应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。
13．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）Online class is a self-control and hard-working competition.
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【答案】网课，是一场自律拼搏赛。
【详解】句中的online class作主语，意为“网课”；self-control“自律”，名词；hard-working“勤奋的”，形容词作competition的定语；competition“比赛”，名词。故填：网课，是一场自律拼搏赛。
14．（2022·山东滨州·统考一模）We are supposed to protect nature and the environment like we protect our eyes.
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【答案】我们应该像保护眼睛一样保护自然和环境。
【详解】We“我们”；are supposed to protect“应该保护”；nature and the environment“自然和环境”；like“就像”；protect our eyes“保护我们的眼睛”。故填“我们应该像保护眼睛一样保护自然和环境。”
15．（2022·山东滨州·统考一模）Lying flat for now is not giving up, but saving energy for a new journey.
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【答案】现在躺平不是放弃，是为了积蓄能量重新出发。
【详解】Lying flat for now“现在躺平”，动名词短语作主语；放弃“giving up”，动名词短语作表语；is not…but…“不是……，而是……”； saving energy for a new journey“积蓄能量重新出发”。故填：现在躺平不是放弃，是为了积蓄能量重新出发。
16．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）It’s never too old to learn.
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【答案】活到老，学到老。
【详解】never“从不”；too...to“太……而不能”；old“老的”；learn“学习”。此句是中国的谚语“活到老，学到老”。故填：活到老，学到老。
17．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考三模）After the earthquake, doctors and nurses were too busy to take enough rest.
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【答案】地震后，医护人员太忙而不能得到充分的休息。
【详解】After the earthquake“地震后”；doctors and nurses“医护工作人员；医生和护士们”；too ... to ...意为“太……而不能……”；busy“忙碌的”；take enough rest“得到充分的休息”。故填：地震后，医护人员太忙而不能得到充分的休息。
18．（2022·山东滨州·统考一模）Beijing is the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games around the world. (英译汉)
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【答案】北京是世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。
【详解】Beijing北京，主语；the first city第一个城市；to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会，动词不定式作定语修饰“city”；around the world世界上。故答案为：北京是世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。
19．（2022·山东滨州·校考一模）Providing training would get parents to pay more attention to their children’s online activities.
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【答案】提供培训可以让父母更多地关注孩子的网络活动。
【详解】Providing training提供培训，would可以，get sb do sth让某人做某事，parents父母，pay more attention to their children’s online activities更多地关注孩子的网络活动。故填：提供培训可以让父母更多地关注孩子的网络活动。
20．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）Whatever you do, put your heart into it.
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【答案】无论你做什么，都要用心去做。
【详解】whatever“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句；you是主语“你”；do“做”；put one’s heart into…“用心，全身心投入”。故填：无论你做什么，都要用心去做。
21．（2022·山东滨州·统考一模）These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.
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【答案】这三个同学都志愿帮助别人。
【详解】These three students “这三个学生”，volunteer one’s time to do sth“志愿做某事”，help other people“帮助别人”，故填：这三个同学都志愿帮助别人。
三、汉译英：整句
22．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考一模）我不认识正在跳舞的那些女孩。
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【答案】I don’t know the girls who are dancing./I don’t know the girls that are dancing.
【详解】根据汉语可知，句子是一个否定句。主语为I；know“知道”，作谓语；否定句应使用助动词don’t；the girls“那些女孩”，作宾语；“那些正在跳舞的”作定语，为定语从句，先行词为“人”，连接词使用that/who。故填I don’t know the girls who are dancing./I don’t know the girls that are dancing.
23．（2023·山东潍坊·统考一模）放学后孩子们迫不及待地去踢足球。(can’t wait)
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【答案】The children can’t wait to play football after school.
【详解】children“孩子们”，can’t wait to do sth“迫不及待地做某事”，play football“踢足球”，after school“放学后”，故填The children can’t wait to play football after school.
24．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）你认为这本书怎么样 （英汉互译）
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【答案】What do you think of the book ##What do you think of this book
【详解】询问“你认为……怎么样？”用句型“What do you think of... ”；“这本书”可翻译为“the book”或“this book”。结合语境可知，此题为一般现在时。故填What do you think of the book /What do you think of this book
25．（2022·江苏扬州·校考三模）很难想象扬州在 20世纪80年代是什么样子。(汉译英)
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【答案】It is very difficult to imagine what Yangzhou was like in the 1980s.
【详解】根据所给汉语可知主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过去时。很难想象：it is very difficult to imagine，句首字母要大写；在20世纪80年代：in the 1980s，作状语；扬州是什么样子：what Yangzhou was like，作宾语。故填It is very difficult to imagine what Yangzhou was like in the 1980s.
26．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·统考一模）明天有个会议。
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【答案】There will/is going to be a meeting tomorrow.
【详解】there will be/there is going to be将有……，a meeting一场会议，tomorrow明天。句子为there be的将来时结构，there位于句首首字母应大写。故填There will/is going to be a meeting tomorrow.
27．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·统考一模）为什么不齐心协力呢？
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【答案】Why not pull together
【详解】Why not do sth.“为什么不做某事”；pull together“齐心协力”。故填Why not pull together
28．（2022·江苏扬州·校考二模）不要忘了和他人分享你的快乐，尤其是朋友。
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【答案】Don’t forget to share your happiness with others, especially friends.
【详解】根据汉语可知，该句是祈使句的否定式“don’t+动词原形”；“忘记做某事”为forget to do sth.；“和他人分享你的快乐”为share your happiness with others；“尤其是”为especially；“朋友”为friends。故填Don’t forget to share your happiness with others, especially friends.
29．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）妈妈总是告诫我不要在网上和陌生人交朋友。(warn)
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【答案】My mother always warns me not to make friends with strangers on the Internet.
【详解】妈妈“my mother”，作主语；总是“always”；告诫“warns”，作谓语，warn sb. not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”；我“me”，作宾语；和陌生人交朋友“to make friends with strangers”，作宾补；在网上“on the Internet”，作状语。故填My mother always warns me not to make friends with strangers on the Internet.
30．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）中海公园被认为是滨州最美的公园之一。(regard)
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【答案】Zhonghai Park is regarded as one of the most beautiful parks in Binzhou.
【详解】根据所给单词可知，“被认为”意为“be regarded as”，根据情境可知，应该使用一般现在时，所以根据主语“Zhonghai Park”可知，“be”应该使用“is”；“one of the most beautiful parks”意为“最美的公园之一”。故填Zhonghai Park is regarded as one of the most beautiful parks in Binzhou.
31．（2022·江苏扬州·统考二模）我想知道他来中国多久了
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【答案】I wonder/want to know how long he has been in China.
【详解】根据汉语提示，wonder相当于want to know“想知道”，一般现在时态，主语是I，作主句的主语,动词用原形；此处是how long引导的宾语从句，注意用陈述语序；he“他”，作从句主语；短语have been in China“待在中国”，故填I wonder/want to know how long he has been in China.
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重难点11 翻译解题技巧
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
一、确立主干
1、确立主语
（1）避免主语机械对应
这个地区雨比较多。It rains a lot in this area.
（2）方位词或时间词在主语位置
山下住着一位老妇人。There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.
（3）用it做主语翻译主语是复合结构的汉语
信不信是你的事。It is your concern whether you believe me or not.
最好是等他们回来。It is advisable to wait till they come back.
勤能补拙It is diligence that makes for deficiency.
2、确立谓语：英语的动词通常只能由某个动词或者系表结构担任
在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。We shouldn't be too romantic about personal relationship.
当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。
As long as he is living, he always works and studies as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.
二、语序调整
1、定语的位置：英语中，单词充当定语时多为前置，短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。
钓鱼是一项能陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。
Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental and physical health.
2、状语的位置
他是1970年5月20日在北京朝阳区出生的。He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.
3、汉英语言叙事重心不同：汉语先叙事，后表态或评论，以突出话题，这叫主题句。汉译英有时会译为掉尾句，即先表态或评论，后叙事，以突出主语。
万一有什么困难，给我们一个信。Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
4、汉英语言强弱词语的顺序不同：英语遵循前轻后重，前简后繁的原则。
救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice the revolutionary humanitarianism.
一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.
5、否定的转移
不是所有的金属都具有同样好的导电性能。All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.
我的朋友都不吸烟。None of my friends smoke.
6、习惯用法
衣食住行是老百姓关心的大问题。Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are the biggest concern of the common people.
他饥寒交迫，吃了不少苦。He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
三、正反互换
1、汉语正说，英语反译
那个房间的窗户总是关着的。The windows of that room were never open.
2、汉语反说，英语反译
汉语用“无、不、没、非”等词表示全部否定，在英语中可用no, not, none, nothing, nor, neither等词以及否定前缀、后缀等来对应翻译。
学习外语离不开好的词典。A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.
汉语用“决不、永不、从不”等词表示绝对否定，在英语中可用never, not at all, by no means等进行对译。
在任何情况下我们都不应该放弃希望。
Under no circumstances should we give up our hope.
汉语用“并非总是”“不是太”等表示部分否定，在英语中可用not every, not much, not always等进行对译。
汉语中用“几乎不、很少”等表示半否定，在英语中可用barely, hardly, seldom等进行对译。
3、汉语反说，英语正译：英语中有一类词形式上是肯定的，但意义上是否定的，在翻译汉语否定句时，可以直接使用。
生活远非净是乐事。Life is far from being a bed of roses.
风景美得无以言表。The scenery is too beautiful to describe.
4、双重否定的翻译：汉译英的双重否定用“否定词+not”来处理。
没有你的帮助，我是不能按时完成这一工作的。But for your help, I should not have finished the work in time.
人不会不犯错误。It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.
四、语态对译
1、汉语中的许多隐性被动结构在英译文中药转为显性。
推荐我的是一位教授。I was recommended by a professor.
2、汉语泛称如“有人”、“大家”等做主语时，英译时多使用被动结构;含有“据说”等不定人称的词语时，通常比较固定的用被动结构进行英译中。
3、汉语表示被动的句子在译为英语时，也可能转为主动句：一是表示“开始”、“结束”意义的不及物动词;二是表示“移位”、“运转”意义的动词;三是无灵主语的动作正在进行时。
蔬菜正在锅里做着。The vegetables are cooking.
五、长句翻译
1、原序对译：针对单一主语长句，关键是分清逻辑中心和层次。
我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。
Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain of my small room, only to spy a bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden.
最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信，他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。
We are very familiar with the scene when a person suddenly stopped his/her steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at the phone, not caring about his/her stopping in the road center or beside the restroom.
中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界与万物占着一个比例恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times, whose behavior in both philosophy and arts take a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world, but not as an absolute dominant ruler.
2、分句合译
它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。
Hardly any of them cares to look up and throws a glance at the beautiful twilight.
一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗
Could there be any standards to evaluate the meaning of one’s life
3、断句分译
一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。
One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. Instantly, a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over there.
4、主、次信息句
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业早日完成。
At the turn of century, as our motherland is becoming more prosperous and powerful, people across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together to realize the cause of the reunification of our motherland.
六、无主句
但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看待他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。
However, if we, on the whole, can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or not and what is his attitude towards his life and work, it would not be difficult to make an appropriate evaluation of the meaning of one’s life.
一、语篇翻译
A
（2022·湖南永州·统考二模）
阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语，并将答案填写在答题卡上对应题号的横线上。
Yang Peijie, 71, has been performing Haian flower-drum dances for more than 50 years.
Haian flower-drum dance dates back to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), with a history of more than 400 years. 1.它被用来展示当地渔妇的平静生活。 Many of its movements came from daily life and express positive feelings.
2. Yang started to learn the dance from old artists in the 1960s. At that time people could only learn it this way. There were no textbooks. Worrying it might get lost, 3.杨花了五年的时间研究舞蹈的历史, and recorded its movements in detail. He visited almost all the local artists and wrote a book about it.
In recent years, Yang has focused on spreading the dance among all age groups. He set up a team to work on this. The team members visit about eight schools each year to teach students. To interest kids, they break down difficult movements into several simple ones. 4. They also go to communities and parks to teach older people.
“I don’t want to see the art failing to be passed down from me,” Yang said.
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B
（2022·辽宁抚顺·统考一模）
阅读下面的短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
Do you know what a resolution is It’s a kind of promise. Most of the time, we make promises to other people (“Mom, I promise I’m going to tidy my room when I get back from school.”) However, promises you make to yourself are resolutions, and the most common kind is New Year’s resolutions. The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions. When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve our lives. . Some people write down them for the coming year. This helps them to remember their resolutions. Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.
People hardly ever keep them! Ther5e are good reasons for this. 6. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. Sometimes people just forget about them. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions! How about you Will you make any next year
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C
（2022·湖南长沙·校考二模）
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Tea culture is varied (使多样化) in different countries by the way tea is made and drunk, and by the places for tea drinking. 7. For example, some people like drinking tea at home, while some like drinking it at tea houses.
As part of culture, tea is commonly seen at social activities. Afternoon tea is a British custom. 8. 喝下午茶时, 家人或者朋友们能互相沟通。And in China, tea has remained a way of daily life.
Drinking tea has a lot of advantages. 9. It helps people relax and lose weight, and reduces the risk of heart disease.
10. 中国人善于用茶使其他食物变得美味。It was served as a medicine in ancient times. Now it is not just a kind of drink popular with many people, but also excellent seasoning (调味品). Here are two delicious dishes made with tea.
Tea Eggs:You can find them cooked and sold in street markets in almost every city in China.
Dragon Well Tea Shrimp(龙井虾仁): It’s one of the best-knowndishes in Hangzhou.
Before you drink tea, please check the following tips:
◆ Drink hot tea.
◆ The best time to drink tea is between meals. It is bad for your stomach if you drink tea just before meals, during meals or soon after meals.
◆5.Drinking too much strong tea is bad for your health.
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二、英译汉：整句
12．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. （英译汉）
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13．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）Online class is a self-control and hard-working competition.
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14．（2022·山东滨州·统考一模）We are supposed to protect nature and the environment like we protect our eyes.
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15．（2022·山东滨州·统考一模）Lying flat for now is not giving up, but saving energy for a new journey.
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16．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）It’s never too old to learn.
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17．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考三模）After the earthquake, doctors and nurses were too busy to take enough rest.
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18．（2022·山东滨州·统考一模）Beijing is the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games around the world. (英译汉)
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19．（2022·山东滨州·校考一模）Providing training would get parents to pay more attention to their children’s online activities.
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20．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）Whatever you do, put your heart into it.
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21．（2022·山东滨州·统考一模）These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.
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三、汉译英：整句
22．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考一模）我不认识正在跳舞的那些女孩。
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23．（2023·山东潍坊·统考一模）放学后孩子们迫不及待地去踢足球。(can’t wait)
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24．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）你认为这本书怎么样 （英汉互译）
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25．（2022·江苏扬州·校考三模）很难想象扬州在 20世纪80年代是什么样子。(汉译英)
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26．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·统考一模）明天有个会议。
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27．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·统考一模）为什么不齐心协力呢？
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28．（2022·江苏扬州·校考二模）不要忘了和他人分享你的快乐，尤其是朋友。
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29．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）妈妈总是告诫我不要在网上和陌生人交朋友。(warn)
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30．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）中海公园被认为是滨州最美的公园之一。(regard)
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31．（2022·江苏扬州·统考二模）我想知道他来中国多久了
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