2014年高中英语（外研版必修4）同步教案： Module 3 Body language and non-verbal communication

Module 3 Body language and non-verbal communication 教案 外研版必修四
Period One Introduction
Teaching Aims
1. Master new words, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )phrases & useful expressions & how to describe body languages or gestures in English.
2. Make sure Sts use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )simple English to discuss the gestures or physical contacts and express what they mean.
Teaching Important Points
1. Master words,phras ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es and useful expressions describing body languages and non-verbal communication.
2. Improve th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Ss’ listening and speaking ability by talking,discussing,making up and acting out dialogues.
Teaching Difficult Points
1. How to encourage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students to take an active part in the speaking and listening activities.
2. How to improve the students’ speaking and listening ability.
Teaching Methods
1. Individual wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k,pair work or group work to make every student participate in class.
2. Listening and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )matching activity to help the Ss have a good understanding of the listening material.
Teaching Aids Multimedia and a blackboard.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
(The teacher can le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad in the topic by discussing some pictures of physical contacts.)
T: Good morn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing, class! last module we have learned something about traffic jam at home and abroad. Today we are going to learn something about communication without words but body language.
T: Here are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) several pictures concerning physical contact and body language or gestures. You may be familiar with some of them. Do you know how to express them in English Now discuss them in pairs or groups. In a few minutes, I’ll ask some students to talk about them.
(A few minutes later, the teacher says the following.)
T: Are you ready ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Who can give us a talk about the first picture Any volunteer
S1: Let me have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )try. I think the old man is the grandfather, and the boy is his grandson. The grandson is crying, so the old man is patting the head of the little boy in the first picture.
S2: Picture 2 sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ows us a woman clapping with a big smile on her face.
S3: We could see th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at a man is dragging a woman violently in the fourth picture. Maybe the woman has done something wrong which makes the man angry.
S4: Let me have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) try. There is a woman who is holding her baby in her arms very happily in the fifth picture.
...........................................
T: OK. Well done. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) So much for this part. Let’s go to the next part.
Step 2 Match the verbs in the box with the pictures
T: Just now we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have discussed some pictures concerning physical contact and learned some words and expressions. Now open your books and turn to Page 21. Read these four words after me.
(The teacher reads ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the words,followed by the Ss and make sure their the meaning of every word.)
T: No.1 point. In w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hich picture are people pointing Ss: Picture a.
T: Right.No.2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).shake. In which picture are people shaking their hands Ss: Picture d.
T: Good job. smile ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Could you see in which picture people are smiling Ss: Picture c and b.
T: Good Can you th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink out more English names concerning all kinds of body movements or gestures
Step 3 Listen and match the situations with the pictures
T: In this part you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are going to hear a piece of listening material. The first time you need to just listen and try to get the main idea. Listen to it again and get the details. Meanwhile, match the situations with the picture above. Ready
Step 4 Say What You Do When You...
Step 5 Read and answer the questions
T: In last activity s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome students performed a lot of situations. Different students have different opinions. Choose an answer for Exercise 1 and give reasons for your choice.
S1: I choose B. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) am a girl with an inward character, so I don’t communicate with others much. Even if I have to do this, I usually use words instead of body languages.
T: Good idea. Who has a different opinion
S2: D is my choice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). As far as I am concerned, I’d like to communicate with others very much, and I really love sharing what I love as well as what I hate. During the communicating course, I usually make full use of my body, because only in this way could I express myself completely.
Step 6 Summary and homework
T: In this class we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’ve mainly learned something about body languages by speaking and listening, so we’ve got more information about body languages. At the same time,we have learnt some words, such as point, shake, smile and some situations in which you use body language. Remember and learn to use them. After class, try to collect more information about body language and prepare for next part—Reading and vocabulary. That’s all for today.Goodbye,everyone!
1、shake： n./v. 摇动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),摇撼,(使)颤抖,握手。shake hands with sb.和某人握手。 Let’s shake on it.为此握手。
shake, tremble, quake：这些动词意味着显示出不由自主的振动。
shake：是最普通的。 The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )floor shook when she walked across the room. 当她穿过房间时地板晃动。
tremble：意指迅速、相当轻微的运动, 由于激动、虚弱或生气引起。
I could feel the youngster’s hand tremble in mine.我能感到那个年轻人的手在我的手中颤抖。
quake：指更强烈的运动,如由于冲击或巨变引起发抖。
I was so terrified that my legs began to quake. 我被吓坏了,连腿都开始发抖。
2、introduce：vt. 介绍, 引见/推荐；引进, 采用。
1) 介绍：将(某人)名字介绍给他人以便相互熟悉。 introduce sb.to sb.
2) 使熟悉,带领:提供某人对某事物的初步认识或经历。Introduced me to weightlifting.联带领我认识举重。
3) 引进,传入:引入并在新地方或新环境得到承认。
Exotic plants that had been introduced from the jungle. 从丛林中引进的异国植物。
4) 推行,提倡:引入到流通、使用或运行中;引起。
Introduced the new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )product in several test markets;introduced the tango into their circle of friends.
在试卖会中提倡新产品;在他们的朋友圈中推行探戈。
3、say yes/no/hello/goodbye/thanks/sorry...：对…说是、否、向某人问好、道别、表达谢意或歉意。
Period Two
Reading and Vocabulary
Teaching Aims
1. Train the S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s’ reading ability and learn some useful words and expressions.
2. Learn some facts about body language.
Teaching Important Points
1. Help the S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to understand the passage better and learn and master some important words and phrases.
2. How to let the Ss ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )understand the body language in different countries and use them correctly.
Teaching Difficult Points
1. How to help the stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents improve their reading ability and understand the passage better.
2. How to master the important Language Points in this passage.
Teaching Methods
Discussion to lead in the reading class.
Fast reading to get the main idea of the text.
Intensive reading to understand the passage better.
Explanation to help the students master some Language Points.
Teaching Aids A tape recorder, A multimedia
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Discussion and lead in
T: In the last class ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we have known something about body language through listening and speaking activity. We have known that we could communicate not just by words but also by our expressions and body languages or movements, sometimes we may even communicate better and more clearly using body language than words. For example, nodding the head means agreement in our country, while in some Asian countries it means disagreement. If you want to learn more about body language, please read the passage on P22 carefully. Before reading, we’ll learn the new words and phrases in this period. (Show the following words and phrases on the screen.)
communication　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )position　unconscious　aggressive　gesture　involve　bow　slap spread　bend　hug　stare　formal　informal　communicate with　make a deal　mind reader　hold up　vary from...to...　be busy with　give away　on guard
T: Now look at the three questions on the Bb and discuss them.
1. Can you guess ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what someone is thinking or feeling by looking at their body language
2. Do people from dif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ferent parts of the world use different body language
What about people who live in different parts of China
3. How do you communicate the following with body language
Thank you! No. Yes. I don’t e here.
S1: I can guess wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at someone is thinking or feeling by looking at their body language. For example, when someone raising his hand,I can see he has questionsto ask or need to ask for help.
S2: I think peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le from different parts of the world as well as China use different body language. Take greeting people for example. People in Russia, France and Arab countries kiss each other when they meet, however, people in China or Australia shake hands instead of kissing.
S3: I do not th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink so. From where I stand, people from different parts of the world and from different parts of China use the same body language. Here I give a simple example: people in China wave their hands to say goodbye to other people they know, so do people in foreign countries.
(As for the last qu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )estion,the teacher can require the Ss to act them out before the whole class.)
Step 2 Fast reading
T: OK! You’ve kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )own something about body language. Now we are going to read a passage, from which we will learn more about body language. Open your books and turn to P22. Read the passage quickly and summarize the main idea of each paragraph.
(After a few minut ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es,the teacher checks the main ideas they summarize.)
T: Who’d like to tell the main idea of Para.1 Any volunteer
Para.1: This parag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raph mainly tells us that we communicate with people not only by spoken or written words by also by body language.
Para.2: “learned” body language varies from culture to culture.
Para.3: The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) same body parts have shows different body languages in some different countries.
Para.4: People use their hands as a gesture of trust.
Para.5: We should learn body language and be a mind reader.
Step 3 Intensive reading
T: Quite true. W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e have known the main idea of each paragraph. Now read the passage again and underline the useful words, phrases and expressions as well as say if these statements are T or F in the Activity 2 . This time you should read slowly and carefully.
Suggested answers: 1.T　2.F　3.F　4.T　5.F　6.F
Step 4 Language study
T: You are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )familiar with the passage now. But you should also pay enough attention to some useful words and expressions. Let’s check whether we have mastered these words and expressions through the following exercise. Activity 3
Ex Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.The weather varies from place to place.
2.They were involved in the matter.
3.The children stared at the coloured ballons.
4.We made a deal and agreed to help him out.
5.The girls are busy greeting the foreigners over there.
(Writes on the Bb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ): vary from...to...; be involved in; stare at; make a deal; be busy doing sth.)
Step 5 Listening and consolidation
T: From the tex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, we know people can use body language to communicate, but some body language is different in different countries or areas, that is, when wanting to express the same meaning, people in different countries use different body language. Look at the chart on the Bb. First have a discussion, and then complete the chart.In the end, I’ll check the answers.
Countries or areas The way of greeting The parts of body involved
Europe and America Shake hands The right hand
China Put the right hand on the left and bow slightly Both hands
Muslims Give a “salaam” Heart,mouth and forehead
Hindus Join their hands and bow their heads Hands and headsAmerican youths
Give me five Hands
Step 6 Summary and homework
T: In this perio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d we have learned some vocabulary and please try to keep them in mind after class.
Through the r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eading of the text we know something about body language and non-verbal communication. We have learned that different people have different ways of making communication through body language. After class, please read this passage again and again till you can recite it or retell it in your own words; meanwhile, try your best to master the useful expressions in this period. What’s more, remember to preview Grammar1; Listening and vocabulary. Though we are making much progress, we have a long way to go. So it is our task to study hard and make great efforts to spread our culture. So much for today.Good-bye, everyone!
Step 7 Language Points
1、yet / already： adv. 还，尚，仍然，已经。
相同点: 都用来谈目前有关的动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作或事件。都表示”到现在或另外某个时间为止”,常和完成时连用。都可以和进行时，be动词的一般现在时，表示心事状态的情感动词(know,feel,understand等)的过去时连用。
不同点:
1)already一般用于肯定句，在if 引导的条件状语从句中可以是否定句。yet多用于否定句和疑问句中。
2)already用于助动词后，行为动词前，在句末时，表较强语气。yet一般在句末,也可与not连用于句中。
If you haven’t seen th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e film already, you may go to the cinema this evening.
Have you finished your homework yet
The show has already started. The show hasn’t started yet.
2、relax： vt.&vi. (使事物)松弛；缓和下来，变得轻松；放宽。
relaxion：n. 放松；松弛。
relaxed： adj. 不烦恼的；不焦急的；轻松的。
relaxing： adj. (指气候)使人无精打采的；使人懒洋洋的。
He relaxed his grip on my wrist. 他把紧握住我的手腕的手放松下来。
Please sit down and relax. 坐下来休息一下。
The government relaxed import regulations greatly. 放宽进口条例。
常用句型:
When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。
Period Three
Grammar 1; Listening and Vocabulary
Teaching Aims
1. Make the studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts master the grammatical items and learn to sum up grammatical rules themselves.
2. Train the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students’ listening ability and improve their listening skill.
Teaching Important Points
1. Encourage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the Ss to sum up grammatical rules. 2. Further improve the Ss’listening skill.
Teaching Difficult Points
To make them be ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le to analyze the sentence structure of adverbial clause of condition and use what they learn in Grammar 1 to make up such kind of sentences.
Teaching Methods ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Individual work and pair work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids multimedia,tape-recorder & a blackboard
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision and lead-in
The teacher check the students’ homework of yesterday.
Step 2 Grammar 1
T: You must have sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent much time preparing it and gave good performances just now. During your preparation course, you may take notice of many sentences which are linked by conjunctions when and if, right Do you know the structures of these sentences Now follow me to learn them this class. In this period we are going to deal with Grammar 1 and Listening and vocabulary part. First please open your books and turn to Page 23. Look at the following sentences from the passage. Read them and pay attention to the conjunctions when and if. They are used to connect sentences or parts of sentences. Then finish the exercise below.
(The teacher gives the students two or more minutes to prepare.)
T: Have you yet fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nished it Now let’s check them and see if your choices are correct.
Suggested answers: The following statements are true:1,3,4 and 5
T: Well done! From th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e above two sentences and exercise we can get some information about adverbial clause of condition. It describes common situations which were introduced by when and if. Meanwhile, it usually explains the result of the situation in the other part of the sentence and uses the present tense in both parts. If the main clause is located at the beginning of the whole sentence, adverbial clause just follows it. However, if the result lies at the end of the whole sentence, the adverbial clause must be put at the beginning and followed by a comma. Now let’s do more exercises. Look at Activity 2. Read through the passage in the reading part once more and try to find more sentences with when or if.
(A few minutes later.)
T: Are you rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dy Now let’s check the answers.How many sentences of this kind have you found yet
1. If our right h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and is busy greeting someone,it cannot be holding a weapon.
2. If you shake hands with someone,you show you trust them.
3. We shake hands when we make a deal.
4. When we gre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et someone,we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly.
T: Just now we have f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ound another four examples with conjunctions when and if. You may have a better understanding of this sentence structure. Now let’s do another exercise to consolidate what we learned. Match the two parts of these sentences about body language in Europe or America. First you do it by yourself, then check it with your partner. (After several minutes.)
Suggested answers: 1.E　2.C　3.B　4.F　5.D　6.A
T: Now do you unders ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tand this grammar better Could you use when and if to make such sentences by yourselves Here are five Chinese sentences. Please translate them into English.
1. 如果你上课迟到,向教 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )师道歉是很重要的。If you arrive late for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a lesson/ are late for school, it’s very important to apologize to the teacher.2. 如果你被邀请到某人家里吃饭,最好带上礼物。If you’re invit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to someone’s home for a meal, it’s a good idea to take a gift.You might as well take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a present if you receive an invitation to a meal.3. 你来中国的话,要学会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用筷子。 If you are to visit China,you should learn to use chopsticks.You’d better make use of chopsticks if you pay a visit to China.4. 要是学外语,你要很努力。 When you study English,you should work hard.You have to study hard when you want to learn English.5. 如果和日本人打招呼,你要稍微鞠躬。 When you greet someone from Japan,you should bow slightly.
Step 3 Listening and vocabulary
T: Just now we ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve learned something about adverbial clause of condition. Follow me to do some listening. In Activity 1, you need to match the parts of the body with the words in the box. Look at your books and follow me to read these words, meanwhile, try to catch their meanings.
T: Now work in pair ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s and match these words with parts of your body by acting them out as follows. One chooses any word of them and says it quickly, meanwhile, the other needs to point at the exact body part exactly as soon as possible. Take turns to do this. See if you can perform them correctly. The more quickly and correctly you perform,the better.Clear
Step 4 Summary and homework
T: Today we have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) learned adverbial clause of condition and two conjunctions when and if.After class,please do exercise 1 and exercise 2 on our workbook.So much for today.Good-bye,everyone!
Reference for Teaching: Grammar
条件状语从句的引导词:
状语从句由从属连词：if(如果), ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) unless(除非), as/so long as(只要), on condition that(如果), provided(that)(只有...才/如果)，suppose/supposing(假设), in case(以防), once(一旦...就)等领导。如:
You can not le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arn a language well unless you work hard. 除非你努力学习,否则学不好语言。
I may not come t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time.
除非我能提前完成那项目，否则最近不会来看你了。(只有我提前完成了那项目，最近才会来看你)
I will come on condition that Mary is invited too. 如果也邀请玛丽,我就会来。
They promised to l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et us have a meeting in their office on condition(that) we could keep it clean.
如果我们能保持清洁，他们答应让我们在他们的办公室开会。
If you wake up before me, give me a call. 如果你醒的比我早,请叫我一声。
What shall we do i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f we can not get the necessary data 如果弄不到必要的数据，我们怎么办？
I will give you t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he money as long as you go with your elder bother. 只要你同你哥一块去,我就给你钱。
We can surely atta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in our goal as long as we are united as one. 只要我们拧成一股绳，肯定能实现目标。
Take some money in case you may need it. 带点钱万一你需要。
Once you give it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to him,you will never get it back. 一旦他把东西得到手,你就再也要不回来了。
提示：
1．在表条件的状语从句中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，既可用直接陈述语气作真实条件句，也可用虚拟语气作非真实条件句。至于把句子当成哪一种条件句，要依照有关语法规则和表达意思的需要而定。
(1) 表示与现在事实相反 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were)，而主句的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形。”
If I were you, I should stay home. 我要是你，就呆在家里。
If he had time, he would attend the meeting. 如果他有空，就会参加会议。
(2) 表示与过去事实相反的假设 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”，而主句的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might＋have done。”如：
If you had taken ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.
你如果听从我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。
If you had worked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hard, you would have completed your work ahead of time.
你如果努力工作的话，就会提前完成任务了。
(3) 表示与将来事实相反的假设时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were)，而主句的谓语动词用“were to/should/would＋动词原形。”
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 如果你明天来，我们会在开会。
If it were to rain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨的话，会议就会被推迟。
(4) 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词形式要据它所表的时间来调整。
If you had gone shopping, you would be very tired. 你要是去买东西的话，就会很累。
注意：如果省略掉if，则从句用倒装形式，助动词提前。
Were I in school again, I would work harder. 要是我能再次上学的话，我会更加努力地学习。
Had you been her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e earlier, you would have seen him. 你要是再早点到这儿，就能看到他了。
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 要是明天开会的话，我就来。
2．用unless引导条 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )件状语从句时，要注意连词本身在意义上的否定unless＝if...not...。因此，在逻辑上要注意英文句子的用法和中文句子的译法。特别是当主句是否定句时，逻辑上的意思就成了“否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况。
I will not go to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ir party unless I am invited.=I will not go to their party if I am not invited.
假如他们不邀请我，我就不会参加他们的聚会。
He will finish the work in time unless something unexpected happens.
= He will finish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the work in time if something unexpected does not happen.
假如没有什么意外的事情发生，他将会按时完成他的工作的。
Period Four
Function; Grammar 2; Pronunciation; Speaking
Teaching Aims
1. Learn the dif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ferences of an American accent and a British accent clearly.
2. To train their listening and speaking skills.
Teaching Imp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ortant Points To motivate the students to work together.
Teaching Diffic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ult Points Help Ss master the differences between an AE accent and a BE accent.
Teaching Method ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s Listening and discussion. Pair work as well as group work.
Teaching Aids a blackboard,a tape recorder and a multimedia
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision and lead-in　
T: Good morning, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) class! In last period we have learned adverbial clause of condition and two subordinate conjunctions when and if. In addition, we did some listening practice and improved our listening skill. Meanwhile, we learned some pieces of advice, right
(Show the following on the Bb.)
·You should shake hands when you meet new people.·You should bring some flowers or a bottle of wine.·You should open gifts immediately.·You shouldn’t use family names.·You shouldn’t arrive too late.·You shouldn’t talk about politics or religion.·You mustn’t leave as soon as you finish the meal.·You must thank your host for a wonderful evening.·You mustn’t arrive early.
Step 2 Function
T: Now look through ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) these sentences again and underline the modal verbs. Then discuss with your partners to see in which situation people use them to give advice. According to your discussion, complete the following sentences. (Show the following on the screen.)
1.We use the modal verb __________to give advice.2.We use the modal verb __________to give strong advice.3.You __________means It’s a good idea to...4.You __________means It’s very important to...
T: Through Acti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vity1, we’ve got something about two modal verbs used to give advice. In the following activity, you can know more about how to use them to give advice.Here are five sentences about customs and complete them with should, must and their negative forms by guess.
Do you know... ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 1.In France you __________shake hands every time you say hello and goodbye.2.In Thailand you __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________touch someone on the head,even by accident.3.In Spain you __________wait until 10 pm before you have dinner.4.In Japan you __________give a pen-knife as a present.5.In Russia you __________make a toast every time you take a sip from you glass.
Step 3 Grammar 2
T: In last ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )period we have learned something about adverbial clause of condition and two subordinate conjunctions when and if. As we have known, both of them introduce situations whose results are explained in the other part of the sentence. In addition, it usually uses the present simple tense. The following Grammar 2 part will lead you to further more information about adverbial clause of condition. Here are three sentences with adverbial clause of condition. Read them through and answer the questions below. (Show the following sentences and questions on the Bb.)
a)If you meet someone you usually shake his or her hand.b)What should I do if I’m invited to dinner c)Unless you’re unlucky you’ll soon think of something.1.Which sentence refers to a normal everyday situation 2.Which sentence refers to a possibility in the future 3.Which word in the third sentence means if...not
Step 4 Pronunciation
T: You all give won ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )derful performances in the last steps. In the following section we will practice our pronunciation. Here is a short passage about giving advice which comes from the listening activity. You may be familiar with it.First read it through, meanwhile pay much attention to your intonation and pronunciation, OK (Show the following dialogue on the screen.)
When you’re invited to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omeone’s home, it’s a good idea to bring a gift for you host.It doesn’t have to be something expensive, perhaps some flowers or a bottle of wine.If you have a meal, don’t start eating before everyone else is served. And whatever you do, don’t leave immediately after the meal is finished.
T: Stop here. N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow listen to a speaker with an American accent and compare his pronunciation with your own. (The teacher plays the tape.)
T: Now liste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n to a speaker with another accent, that is, a British accent. Listen more carefully and pay attention to the differences existing between the American and British accents.
(Once more the teacher plays the tape through.)
T: Work in pairs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and discuss the differences in both accents you have heard.
T: (A short while later.) Who wants to show your opinion
S1: /t/ in American English sounds more like /d/.
S2: I think that /δ/ in American English sounds like /Λ/.
S3: In my opi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nion, when /r/ is pronounced in an American accent, the stress is usually put in the front of the tongue.
S4: I heard that /ɑ:/ is more like / /.
T: Now you practic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e reading this short passage again with an American accent.
T: (A little while l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ater.) You may have learned how to pronounce a word in an American accent. Next let’s have another kind of practice to see if you really master it. Look at the following three short passages and listen to the tape as well as follow the reading. Then check what kind of accent they are read with.
(The teacher shows the passages on the screen.)
It’s best to av ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oid any heavy-going conversation topics. So avoid politics or religion completely. If your mind goes blank,try not to panic.And it’s usual for peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple to open gifts when they receive them, so don’t be surprised. That’s the way we do things...But when you leave, be sure to thank your host for a wonderful evening. Oh, and one last thing to remember:Have a great time!
(The teacher plays the tape after the students.)
T: Are you clear what accent the speakers use to read them with
Ss: Not definitely yet.
T: OK.Another chanc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to hear again. (The teacher plays the tape again.)
T: Are you sure ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of your answers now If not,have a short discussion with your partner.
Suggested answers: UK　UK　US
Step 5 Speaking
T: So much f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or this. Now let’s come to the next part:Speaking. In this part we will perform a role-play game. First please look at the instructions and ensure that you know what to do.
Have you prepared well yet
Ss: Yes.
T: Since you have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) made a full preparation, pair students of different groups, come on! Give a performance before the class.Any volunteer pair
......
Step 6 Summary and homework
　
T: Today firs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t we further practiced how to give advice by summarizing some modal verbs we usually use to express our opinion. Through the study of this section your spoken English surely has been improved. Then we further study and consolidate adverbial clause of condition by filling in the blanks exercise. In addition, we listened to short passages about giving advice and knew something about the differences existing in pronunciation between an American accent and a British accent. This practice improves your accuracy of pronunciation.Meanwhile we have also acted out a role-play to practice our speaking ability. Your homework today is to practice the American accent after class. That’s all for today. You are dismissed!
Grammar: 条件句可分为真实条件句和非真实条件句
假设的情况有可能发生的条件句叫真实条件句, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使用陈述语气;如果主句是将来时,从句就用一般现在时。假设的情况完全是一种假设或发生的可能性不大的条件句叫非真实条件句;在非真实条件句中,用虚拟语气。
I will go out with you if it is fine tomorrow. 明天天气好的话,我就和你一块去。
If it were not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) raining now,I would not be staying at home. 如果现在不下雨的话,我就不会待在家里了。
He will not leave unless it is fine tomorrow. 除非明天天气好,否则他不会走的。
If it should ra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in tomorrow,we would stay at home with him. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就跟他待在家里。
If you had stayed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with us,you would have seen him. 如果那时你跟我们在一块的话,你就会见到他了。
引导条件状从句的连词有：if / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )once / unless / as(so) long as / on condition that如果 / provided that假若/ in case / only if / if only等。如果主句是将来式，条件状语从句一般用现在时态来表示。
1. if/unless: 后者在意义上相当于if.....not ，而且语气比较强，一般也不用于虚拟语气，例如：
I will buy a computer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) if I am able to save up enough money. 如能存下足够钱，就去买一台电脑。
Unless the weathe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r was bad,my father always used to take a walk in the evening.
除非天气不好，我的父亲晚上总是去散步。
2. suppose/supposing that, provided/provided that 假如，如果。
Suppose you had a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )million pounds----how would you spend it 假如你有一百万英镑，你会怎么花呢？
3.as long as /on condition that/in case
As long as it does not rain,we can play. 只要不下雨，我们就能玩。
You'd better take an umbrella in case it rains. 你最好带着雨伞，以防万一下起雨来，
4.only if 只要/只有/ ; if only 要是.....该多好啊
only if引导真实条件句，放在句首，主句主谓倒装；if only 引导虚拟条件句或者是感叹句。
　 I wake up o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung.　当时闹钟响了，就好了。
　 If only he comes early.　但愿他早点回来。
if引导的条件状语从句有时可表示一种非真实的可能性，即表示一种虚拟语气。此时应注意：
1) 主从句谓语动词形式前后要一致。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 如果是对现在事情的一种假设，if从句谓语动词用一般过去式(be用were),主句谓语动词用would(could, might, etc)+动词原形。 如果是对过去事情的假设，if从句的谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词为would(could, might, etc)+have done； 如果是对将来事情的假设，那么if从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形或were to+动词原形，主句谓语动词用would(could, might, etc)+动词原形。
2) 如果遇到主从句假设时间不一致，即混合虚拟时，要遵循主句按照主句变，从句按照从句变的原则。
3) 当if从句中有were, had, should时,经常把它们提到句首而省略if, 构成一种倒装形式。
Period Five
Grammar 3; Writing; Everyday English
Teaching Aims
1. To train t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he Ss’ speaking and make the Ss learn to write a reply to an invitation.
2. To make the Ss prac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tice expressing themselves by using both everyday English and body language.
3. Make the Ss lear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n how to use some simple Everyday English in a conversation.
Teaching Important Points
Learn to write a repl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y to an invitation and compare a formal invitation and an informal one.
Teaching Difficult Points
1. Make the Ss compare two kinds of invitations.
2. Learn to use everyd ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay English to communicate by combining body language.
Teaching Methods ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Pair work and individual work. Discussion. Practice &explanation.
Teaching Aids Multimedia & a blackboard.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision (Greet the students as usual.)
Check their workbook exercises. Have a dictation:
communicatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n aggressive unconscious threatening involve deal spread give away hold up informal etc.
Step 2 Grammar 3 Adverbial Clause of Concession
T: Good jobs, all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of you!In last period we have learned something more about adverbial clause of condition. Remember
Ss: Yes.It in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )troduces two situations—a normal everyday situation and a possibility in the future.
T: Very goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d! This period we’ll learn another kind of adverbial clause,that is, adverbial clause of concession. Please look at the screen. (Show the following sentences on the Bb.)
1.Whatever you do,don’t leave immediately after the meal is finished.(a) It is important to leave immediately after the meal has finished.(b) Don’t do anything after the meal has finished.(c) You can do anything you like after the meal has finished.(d) It is im ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )portant not to leave immediately after the meal has finished.2.However hungry you a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re,you shouldn’t start to eat before your host does.(a) If you are very hungry you can start to eat.(b) Even if you are hungry you should wait.(c) It is important to start eating before your host.(d) Don’t eat anything if you’re not hungry.
T: Read the senten ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ces and choose the correct meaning. You can discuss with your partner if you have difficulty in understanding them. Suggested answers: 1)d　2)b
T: Well done.Can you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )summarize the grammatical rules of this adverbial clause through this exercise
S1: Sometime ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the adverb clause is placed at the beginning of the sentence. When it introduces the sentence, it is always set off with a comma.
S2: I think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that the interrogative pronouns act as object in the clause, however, interrogative adverbs only modify adjectives or other adverbs.
T: Good! Let’s have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a brainstorm. Please think of as many interrogative nouns and adverbs ended with ever as you can.
(The students say the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se words and the teacher write on the blackboard.)
Interrogative 疑问词 Pronouns 代词
whoever whichever
T: Have known interr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ogative pronouns and adverbs, let’s practice using them. Here are some sentences on the screen. Discuss with your partner and fill in the blanks with whoever, whenever, wherever or however. T:(A few minutes later.) Are you ready The right answers are on the screen.You check them by yourself.Then translate them into Chinese.
Suggested answers: 1.Whenever 2.Whoever　3.Whenever　4.whoever　
5.However　6.whenever　7.whenever　8.However
Step 3 Writing
T: You all give wond ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erful performances. Now follow me to the next part—Writing. Read the invitations and answer the questions on the screen. (Show the questions on the Bb.)
1.Who is the first invitation from 2.Who is the second invitation from 3.Which is formal or informal How do you know
T: (A few minutes later.) Have you finished your reading yet
Ss: Yes.
T: Question 1, who gives your answer
S1: The first invitation is from Mr.& Mrs.Harry.
T: Good. Sit down, please. What about the second one
S2: In my opinion, it comes from Sylvia.
T: Completely tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ue. The last question might be a little bit difficult.Any volunteer
S3: Me. As far as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I am concerned, the first invitation is formal because the language is formal.
T: Thanks a lot.
Step 4 Everyday English
Step 5 Summary and homework
　
T:This period ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) first we learned another adverbial clause and then we practiced using the formal and informal expressions to write a short reply to an invitation.In Everyday English we learned some useful expressions.Your homework today is to make up a dialogue trying to use the useful expressions we have learned.This is the end of this class.You are dismissed.
Reference for Teaching: Grammar
连 词
连词在词、短语、从句、或句子之间起连接作用的词，按其在句子中的作用分为并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词表示词、短语、句子彼此之间意义 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )相关，层次相同，句法功能也相同。从属主要作为语意上分清主次的手段，所谓从属就是把次要的思想内容置于从属地位，从而突出句子的主要思想。
本模块主要介绍引导让步状语从句的从属连词。
让步状语从句由连词though, alth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough, as(尽管), even if, even though, whoever/no matter who, whatever/no matter what, whichever/no matter which, whenever/no matter when, wherever/no matter where, however/no matter how, no matter whether/if。
Though we were very tired, we felt very happy. 尽管我们很累,却感到很开心。
I will get there, even if I have to walk. 我就是走也要走到那儿去。
She is lovely, even t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hough she is annoying sometimes. 尽管有时她挺烦人,但她还是挺可爱的。
We will make a trip even if the weather is bad. 尽管天气不好,我们还是要去旅行。
I had a good time a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lthough(though, even if, even though)I didn't know anybody at the party.
尽管在这次晚会上我谁也不认识，但我玩得很愉快。
Although he has a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lot of money, yet(still)he is unhappy. 他虽然很有钱，但他却不幸福。
I won't go to the party even though I am invited. 即使我被邀请，我也不去参加晚会。
No matter what will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )happen, we will support you.= Whatever will happen, we will support you.
Whenever you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )come back, do not wake me up. 不论发生什么,我们都会支持你的。
No matter when you come back, do not wake me up. 不管你什么时候回来,都不要吵醒我。
He carries a bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ok in his pocket wherever/no matter where he goes. 不管他去哪,他都在口袋里装一本书。
Whoever(No m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atter who)you are, you must obey the school regulations. 不管是谁，都必须遵守校规。
Whichever book you like on my bookshelf, you may take and read it.
在我的书架上，无论你喜欢哪本书，你都可以拿去读。
注意：
1) although或though从句后不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用but，前者较正式,多于句首; 后者较口语化。后者也可置于句末。如要强调前后两部分的对比，可在主句前加上yet或still。
He didn’t light the fire though/although it was cold.
Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.
He said he would come; he didn’t, though.
He didn’t tell me where he had been, but I know it, though.
Though he is young, yet he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，但是他知道很多。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.(谚) 伤口虽然愈合,但伤疤留下了。
引导倒装的让步状语从句只能用though。 Much though I love it，I’ll not buy it.
2)as引导让步状语从句，用倒装语序。
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，但是他知道很多。
Child as he is, he can speak fluent English. 尽管他是个孩子,英语却说得很棒。
Much as I like it, I will not buy it. 尽管我很喜欢这东西,我也不会买。
3)当主从句主语一致，从句谓语是be或主语是it，谓语是be时，可将从句中主语与be一起省略。
He didn't want to go there though(he was)invited. 虽然他受到过邀请，但是他不想去那儿。
Period Six
Cultural Corner; Task; Module File
Teaching Aims
1. Make the Ss m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aster some new words and broaden their eyes with a passage about clapping.
2. Instruct the Ss to learn to give advice for visitors to China.
Teaching Important ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Points Make the students understand clapping deeply.
Teaching Difficu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lt Points How to give social advice for visitors to China.
Teaching Methods Skimming and explanation
Teaching Aids Multimedia,a blackboard & a tape-recorder.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision (Greet the students as usual.)
Check up their homework exercises.
Step 2 Cultural corner　
T: In this modul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e we mainly learned body language and giving advice. I have a question for you:
Do you know of the word “clap”
Ss: Maybe a little.
T: Now read throug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h this passage quickly to make sense of the word “clap”. Meanwhile, answer the following questions: (Show the following two questions on the screen.)
Why do people clap When do people clap in China What about in other countries
Ss: Let me try. F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom the passage we can conclude that if we like something very much, we can clap.
T: Yes. People ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) expose their emotion of likes by clapping. The second question is an open topic, so different people have different ideas. Who’d like to share your opinion
Ss: ...
Suggested answers: 1.To show that they like something. 2.Open.
Step 3 Task
T: Wonderful ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )performances, all of you. By learning Cultural Corner part, we have got more information about body language. In the Listening, Function and Speaking parts, we learned how to give and ask for advice. The task of this module is to prepare some social advice for visitors to China. First, work in groups of four and make a list of social situations you think important to write about. The more, the better.
Ss: (The students ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e busy discussing and think about the relative topics.)
T: (The teacher goes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) around the class to provide help if necessary. A few minutes later.)
Every group sends a representative to write all topics you think out.
Ss: (Representatives write what they think out on the blackboard.)
T: Let’s see which group thinks out the most.
Ss: Group 1(or others).
T: Congratulations! ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Each group chooses two of the topics and writes a short paragraph on either topic beginning with if you or when you and using should(n’t) and must(n’t).
Ss: ...
T: Have you finished your writing
Ss: Yeah.
T: Well. Work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in groups again and compare your advice with each other.
(This can be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) left as homework or research work, Choose a few good ones to put up on the wall.)
Step 4 Module file
This part ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n be used for the students to check their understanding of this module by themselves,or the teacher may revise what we have taught and learnt with the help of this file.
Step 5 Summary and Homework
T: In this period we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have learned something about clapping. And then we learned to write some advice for visitors to China. All of you did very good jobs. Your homework today is to write advice on other topics that you think out. Meanwhile, try to remember the useful words and expression as well as put them into practice and make good use of them freely. This is the end of this module. Class is over.
Step 6 Language Points
1、mean： vt.意味;想要;预定。
When I said that,I me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an it.我那样说时是认真的。I did not mean to hurt you. 我没打算要伤害你。
If you miss this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) train,that’ll mean waiting another day. 如你误了这趟货车,那就意味着还要等一天。
mean to do意为”打算（做）;有意要做”, 而mean doing sth. 意为”意味着,意思是”。
meaning：n.意思;意义。 meaningful：adj.有意义的。 meaningless：adj.没有意义的;没有意思的。
His life seemed to have lost all meanings. 他的生活似乎已毫无价值。
Words often have several meanings. 单词往往有若干个意思。
We fill up our lives with meaningless tasks. 我们终日忙忙碌碌,过得毫无意义。
What he said is meaningless. 他说的话没有意义。
She gave me a meaningful look. 她意味深长地看了我一眼。
more than：多于; 不仅仅; 比…更。
I love you more than I can say. 我爱你用言语难以表达。
Hibernation is more t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han sleep.It is a very deep sleep. 冬眠不仅是睡眠，而是很深的睡眠。
【考点】1) more than + 表语（形容词或分词)，相当于very或much。如：
Her parents are more than pleased with her results. 她父母对她的成绩很满意。
2) more than + 名词/数词，相当于not only。如：
More than one person was invited. 受到邀请的不仅一人。（注意谓语动词用单数。)
3) more + adj. / n. + than + adj. / n.： 肯定前者，否定后者。如：
That soldier was more brave than wise. 那位战士有勇无谋。
He is more a scholar than a teacher. 与其说他是一位教师不如说是一位学者。
in respect尊敬地。
【经典例句】 He took off ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his hat and bowed to the queen in respect. 他摘下帽子向王后尊敬地鞠了一躬。
【考点聚焦】 “in+抽象名词”结构表示某种状态或方式，经常在句子中作状语。又如：
in surprise/silence/astonishment/excitement/anger吃惊/默默/大吃一惊/兴奋/生气地
Some people have no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) respect for the speed limit and consequently are punished. _____________
答案：不尊重，不在乎
1．at the end of：结束；最终；所剩无几；到…的尽头(或极限)/在…末端(尽头);在…最后。
I'm going to have a holiday at the end of the month. 月末我打算度假。
They are at the end of their food supply. 他们储备的食物已消耗殆尽。
Let us suppose we can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) visit a home at the end of this century.假设能在本世纪末访问一个家庭。
辨析：
1) by the end o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f：在…最后。 by the end很少单独使用，常接of短语，意为“到…结束时”，表一段时间，句子多用完成时态，即过去完成时或将来完成时。
By the end of la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st term, we had learned all the texts. 上学期末我们已经学完了所有课文。
2)at the end of：在…末端(尽头);在…最后（既可以指时间也可以指地点)。短语中的at不能换成in；
At the end of the stre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et, you’ll find the hospital. 在这条街的尽头，你可以找到那所医院。
My companion wait ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed for me______of the street.(at the end;in the end)我的同伴在街道尽头等我。
3)in the end： 最后；终于。只能单独使用，后不接of短语，相当于finally或at last。
I found the lost book in the end. 最后我终于找到了我丢的那本书。
拓展：
no end 大量的； from beginning to end 从头到尾； come to an end 结束；最后，终于。
make(both) ends meet 收支相抵； achieve/win/gain one's end 达到目的；
end in sth. 以……为结尾；末端是……； end up 最终成为；最后处于；
on end 竖着；直立着； put an end to 结束； bring sth. to an end 结束。
All is well that ends well.[谚]结局好就一切都好。
2．add...to... 把…加到…。=i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncrease Will you add some salt to the soup 请往汤里加点儿盐好吗？
拓展：
1) add：v. 加；增加；又说；补充说。
He expressed his satis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )faction with his travel in China, adding that he would come again.
他对中国之行表示满意，并补充说，他还会再来的。
2)add to： 增添；增加；增进。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The fashionable clothes she wears add to her charm.时髦衣服增添魅力。
The bad weather added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
3)add up： 加起来；总计。 他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
He wrote down the weig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht of each stone and then added up all the weights.
4)add up to： 加起来总共；总计为。 All the figures add up to 1050.这些数字总计是1050。
辨析：add to与add...to...
1)add to指“添加；增添”，其宾语多为困难等抽象名词。
Every failure one meets with adds to one's experience. 吃一堑，长一智。
2)add...to...指“把……加到……”，其宾语多为具体名词。
Please add some sugar to the water. 请往水里加些糖。
3、shake-shook-shaken： v. 摇动，发抖，震动，握手。 shake hands with sb与…握手
The wind shook some leaves from the tree. 风把树上的一些叶子吹了下来。
His lying shook my trust in him. 他撒谎动摇了我对他的信任。
He was shaking with anger. 他气得发抖。
4、can表推测,多用于否定和疑问句;对过去事情的推测多与have done连用;对现在进行推测多与do连用。
Who is there Can it be Mary 谁在那儿 是玛丽吗？
He can’t be over fift ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y, because he looks so young. 他不可能五十多岁了,他看起来那么年轻。
The dictionary is missing. Who can take it away 那字典不见了,谁把它拿走了
Mary studies ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hard all the time, so she can’t be sleeping, and She must be studying.
玛丽一向学习努力,她不可能在睡觉,她肯定在学习。
5、serve： vt. /vi. 服务；为…工作/服务；开饭；上菜(常用被动结构)；供某人饭菜；任职；服役。
Can I serve you in any way 我能帮你的忙吗？
Dinner is served.开饭了。 Learn to serve at table. 学习端饭上菜。
He served as a naval officer during the war. 战争时期他在海军当军官。
serve in 在…服役。 serve as担任。 civil servant公务员。
We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们要全心全意为人民服务。
Serve the coffee in the next room. 送咖啡到下一个房间。
How long has he served in the army 他在部队服役多久了？
1．When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do.入乡随俗。
1) as＝in the way that，作“像；按照”解，引导方式状语从句。
Remember, you must do everything as I do. 记住，你们必须按我所做的去做。
2)When in Rome＝When you are in Rome
拓展：
在有些时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果谓语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )包含有系动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致或主语是it，常可省略从句的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是系动词be)。这些省略的时间、条件、让步状语从句常由when, while, once, before, till/until, whenever, if, unless, though引导。
She is shy and doe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sn't speak until(she is)spoken to.她很腼腆，你若不跟她说话她是不会开口的。
Come and give me a han ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d if(it is)possible.可能的话请来帮我个忙。 时可查字典。
You can read it once a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gain more slowly, using a dictionary when necessary. 你可慢点再读一遍，必要
Though(he was)tired, he went on practising it.虽然很疲劳，可他仍继续练习。
2．Although these are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.
虽然单词与句子十分重要，但我们并不只是用口语和书面语进行交流。
该句型是although引导的让步状语从句。
Though/Although the boy came back to life, yet he remained weak.
虽然那男孩已苏醒过来，但是他的身体还是很虚弱。
Though/Although ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful view through the window.
虽然我喜欢这座房子的外貌，但是真正促使我买下它的是从窗户往外可以看到美丽的景色。
注意：though/although不能与but同时使用，但是可以与yet，still这些词使用。
Though they may ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not succeed, yet they will still try.尽管他们可能不会成功，但是他们仍会努力尝试。
拓展：
1) though除作连词外，还可作副词，一般放在句末，前面用逗号隔开。
I've a bit of headache. It's nothing serious, though.我有点头痛，不过并不厉害。
2 )though还可与even连 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用，也可换成even if。 我只能呆一会儿。
I'll go to see you t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his evening even though I can stay only a few minutes.今晚我一定去看你，即使
辨析：although, thought与as
三者都可以引导让步状语从句，但有如下区别：
1)although置于句首，不用倒装语序。
2)though引导的从句可置于句首，也可在句末。
3)as引导让步状语从句时，通常用倒装语序。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，他却懂得很多。
3．Indeed, body positions are part of what we call“body language”．
事实上，身体姿势就是我们称为“身势语”的一部分。
what在这里是代词，有双重作用，既引导宾语从句又在宾语从句中作call的宾语，与body language一起构成复合宾语。
拓展：
what用作连接代词，此时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )what表示“所…的(事)或所…的(人)”，相当于“the thing(s)that...; all that...; everything that...; the person that...”等，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句(不可引导同位语从句)；它本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
Leave it with me and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I'll see what I can do.把它留给我看看该怎么办。(what引导宾从，作do的宾语)
What he said at the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meeting astonished everybody present. 他在会上说的使在座每个人都很吃惊。
(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
What is the most important in life isn't money. 生活中最重要的不是钱。
(what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语)
He is not what he used to be.他已不是从前的他了。(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语)
辨析：
what作代词相当于all that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), everything that, the place that, the person等，不能引导定语从句。that引导定语从句。
He did all(that)he could to help his mother.他尽可能地帮他母亲。
All(that)we need is a lot of time.我们所需要的是充足的时间。
4．So every culture ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive.
所以每一种文化都有了一种正规的方式来迎接陌生人，向他们表明我们并没有敌意。
1) 句中to greet strangers是动词不定式作定语，修饰way。
2) way：n．方式；手法；方法；可用于way to do sth.或way of doing sth.结构中。
另，way作先行词时，定语从句的关系词有三种形式，即that, in which或省略关系代词。
This is the best way to solve the problem.这是解决问题的最佳途径。
I don't like the way(that/in which)he behaves.我不喜欢他的行为举止。
1．Why do we clap To show we like something, of course.
我们为什么要鼓掌？当然是为了表明我们喜欢某事物。
本句使用了一个省略回答，补充完整为：We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )clap to show we like something, of course. 这常为一个命题点，有时不仅局限在不定式上，还可能会有其他动词形式，但解题方法基本相同，即用还原法把它补充完整。
—Why did you go ther ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e without my permission yesterday 昨天为什没有经我允许就去那儿？
—To see my mother. 为的是看望我母亲。
—What made Mary so happy 什么使玛丽如此高兴？
—Making great progress in the exam. (她在)考试中取得了很大的进步。
4．The important ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) thing was to make the noise together, to add one's own small handclap to others.
最重要的是将噪音聚在一起，将某个人的小掌声加给其他人。
本句中使用不定式作表语，对主语的内容进行解释说明。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
Our aim is to stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dy well in the shortest possible time. 目标是在尽可能短的时间内把学习搞好。
拓展：
1) 在半系动词seem, appea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r, look, prove, remain后接形容词、地点副词或名词时，还可在其前加上to be，意义不变。 She seems to be free.她看起来很清闲。
2) 当主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句出现do或do的变化式时，在主句中作表语的不定式结构常省略to。
All she seems to do is(to) chat online.她要做的好像就是上网聊天。
3) 不定式作表语还可表示对将来的安排、打算。 I'm to get there at 6：00. 我打算六点到那里。
4) 表示必须干某事，意同must或have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to，语气较重。 She is to answer for all this. 她必须对这一切负责。
Answers to Workbook Exercises
Grammar
1 1 You must apologise to the teacher.
2 You must stand at the end of a bus queue.
3 You should take a gift.
4 You mustn’t touch the head of the child.
2 1 f　2 e　3 b　4 a　5 d　6 c
3 1 will make,sta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd　2 won’t come,send　3 shall I take,invite　4 carry,’ll make　5 ‘ll show,are
4 1 Whatever　2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Wherever　3 Whoever　4 whatever　5 Whenever　6 However　7 Whatever
Vocabulary
5 1 e　2 c/f　3 f　4 d　5 a/f　6 b
6 1 shake hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s　2 point your finger　3 nod your head,shake your head　4 raise your eyebrows　5 bend your knees
7 1 you clap　2 you hug him/her　3 laugh　4 smile　5 wave
8 1 b　2 a　3 b　4 b　5 a　6 a
Reading
9 gestures,physical contact,greeting people
10 1 a　2 b　3 b　4 a
11 1 Body language acc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ounts for over 90% of communication during a conversation.
2 Because you can communicate more efficiently.
3 It gives you a gene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ral impression of someone and it helps you understand their emotions.
4 It means OK.
5 Both sexes ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n offer a handshake in the west.In Indonesia,a woman doesn’t offer a man her hand unless they’re in a business situation.
6 In many Asian countr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ies,people of different sexes don’t touch each other in public.This is acceptable in Europe.
7 Find out about the basic cultural codes before you leave home.
Listening and Speaking
12 Possible answers:
1 In the west;it’s not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) customary for a guest to go down on his knees and kiss his hostess’s hand.
2 Muslims don’t drink alcohol.
3 You should find about the dress code before a party or event.
14&15 Tapescript
RP=Radio presenter
RP:Sheila Smi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th is talking about gift-giving customs on Travel at Large this morning.Hello,Sheila.
Sheila:Hello there.Whe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n you are travelling abroad,especially if you are doing business in a foreign country,it’s important to know about gift-giving customs.You don’t want to offend people by offering something inappropriate or offensive.
RP:Are customs very different from one country to another
Sheila:Yes,they a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re.Take the US for example.Customs are relaxed there.You shouldn’t take a gift that is too expensive.That would be embarrassing.You can take a bottle of wine or a small personal gift if you know the person well.Otherwise,a box of chocolates is always a good idea.
RP:And in Europe
Sheila:It’s very si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )milar to the US.A bottle of wine or chocolates are always appreciated.Flowers are also a good idea for a woman.But avoid giving your hostess red roses.They are too romantic!
RP:What about Asian cotunries
Sheila:Customs vary ac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cording to the culture.In India,you mustn’t give a gift made of leather.It could be made of cow’s hide and that is inappropriate in India.
RP:And in Indonesia
Sheila:Customs are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )complicated there too,because there are different communities.Whoever invites you,never give a knife or anything with a sharp edge as a gift.It suggests the end of a relationship.
RP:And Japan
Sheila:Gift-giv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing rituals are also quite complicated in Japan.It’s not just what you give but there are rituals for how you give and how you accept a gift.For instance,you should always use both hands to offer or accept a gift.You also bow slightly.You shouldn’t open a gift immediately,but wait till later.
RP:What about South American countries
Sheila:Customs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are quite relaxed.Take Argentina for example,flowers,a dessert or chocolates are fine.But alcohol is an excellent choice because it is very expensive there—a bottle of wine or whisky.
14 Answers
4,7,6,3,2,8,1,5
15 Answers
1 Japan　2 Indonesia　3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) India　4 United States,Europe　5 Argentina,Europe,United States　6 Europe　7 United States,Europe,Argentina　8 Japan
Writing
17 A:formal　B:informal
18 A:Bring a bottle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or a dessert and we’ll provide the rest!The host shouldn’t ask the guests to bring any gift to the party.
B:I request the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pleasure of your company at my party.It’s not polite to request others to attend the party.
19 Thank you,I am unable to accept.Please accept.