2014年高中英语（外研版必修4）同步教案： Module 2 Traffic Jam教案
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| 名称 | 2014年高中英语（外研版必修4）同步教案： Module 2 Traffic Jam教案 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-04-27 10:35:53 | ||
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Module 2 Traffic Jam 教案 外研版必修四
Period One
Introduction, Reading and Vocabulary
Teaching Aims
1. Make the Ss master some new words, make sense of the passage.
2. Train the Ss’ reading skills and speaking ability through individual and pair work.
3. Make the Ss know about the present situations of traffic in cities at home or abroad. Meanwhile, develop their sense of environment.
Teaching Important Points
1. Encourage the Ss to talk about means of transportation. 2. Help the Ss make sense of the passage.
Teaching Difficult Points
1. Lead the Ss to talk in class actively. 2. Deal with some difficult Language Points.
Teaching Methods Individual work, pair work to get every Ss to participate in class.
Teaching Aids Some pictures, multimedia & a blackboard.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Lead-in and Introduction
T: Good morning, boys and girls!
Ss: Good morning, Sir!
T: Today we are going to learn Module 2 Traffic Jam. Here I have a question for you. Would you like to tell me how you usually get to school every day？
S: I usually get to school by bike. S: By bus.
T: Good! And can you name some other means of transportation
S: Motorbike. S: Boat. S: Taxi.
T: Very good! Anything else？
S: Truck! S: Underground. S: ......
(The teacher lists the names on the blackboard. Explain some new words.)
bike boat bus coach helicopter motorbike taxi trolleybus truck underground
T: Do you know the word “coach”
S: Would you please explain it to us
T: Of course. Look at the picture. Can you describe it in simple English
S: Let me try. Is it a long distance bus
T: Kind of right. It is a bus, usually. with a single deck, carrying passengers over long distances. In old times, it refers to a large four-wheeled carriage pulled by horses and used for carrying passengers.
T: Please look at another one. What is it Would you like to describe it
S: I think it is quite like an electric bus.
T: Quite right. It is a bus powered by electricity from an overhead cable. Its name is “trolleybus”.
T: Now that you have known so many means of transportation, please match some of the words with their definitions. (Activity 1)
T: All of you did very good jobs!
T: Now with your partners carry out a survey by asking and answering questions concerning means of transportation. For example, which means of transportation do you prefer Do you always take a bus to school After that you may complete the following chart using ticks. (Activity 2)
T: Now discuss the following questions: (Activity 3)
T: After the discussion you may organize your answers into a short passage of a traffic jam.
Step 2 Reading
T: Just now we talked about a traffic jam. Now let’s come to the passage in Reading and Vocabulary. Read the passage and say who might find the information useful.
S: I think the tourists to Beijing will find it useful.
T: Very good! Read the passage quickly again and try to get the main idea of the passage. Then fill in the chart. And find the answers to the following questions in Activity 2.
Transportation Availability Advantages Disadvantages
Taxis 24 hours a day convenient expensive
Buses and trolleybuses 5 am to midnight cheap can be crowded
Minibuses regular service cheap and not crowded not mentioned
Underground 5 am to 11 pm fast convenient crowded at rush hours
Pedicabs not mentioned special and interesting expensive
T: Good job! While reading, you must have come across some new words. Can you guess the meanings of them Please read the passage once more. This time, please read it carefully and then match the words in the box with their meanings.
Step 3 Vocabulary
T: Now read the passage quickly again and try to make sense of the words according to the context. The words in the Activity3 may be of help to you. Match them with the words or phrases.
Step 4 Workbook
Deal with another reading material in workbook on page 75. Just finish off part 9 and 10
Step 5 Summary and Homework
T: This period first we learned about different means of transportation. And then we read an article about the means of transportation in Beijing. In the article we learned quite a lot of new words. Above all, we have mastered the usages of the words we learn. After class, please memorize the new words we learned and try to recite the second passage. Pre-learn the grammar and culture corner. Try reading the sentences in Pronunciation on page 15.
That’s all for today. Good bye, everyone.
Ss: Good bye, sir.
Step 6 Language Points
1、get around：四处走动；到处旅行；传播。 = get round 走动，传开。 导学P17-6-2
When he was young, he used to get around in the city by bike. 他没事的时候喜欢骑着自行车在城
The old couple used to get around the world. 那对老夫妻曾经全球旅行。 里到处逛。
It is hard to get around without a car.没有汽车的旅行很艰难。 Word got around.消息散布到各处。
get about 走动；旅行；传开。
You should get round. It will do good to your health. 你应该四处走走,这对你的健康有好处。
His work makes it possible for him to get round the world. 他的工作方便他到处旅行。
2、Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time=If you raise your hand, a taxi will appear in no time
**此处祈使句相当于一个条件句,and后的陈述句相当于在此条件下发生的结果。可用if引导的条件句转换。
祈使句+and+一般将来时： Do sth., and you will do…. = If you do sth., you will do …
Do sth., or you will not do …= If you do sth., you will not do…
Use your mind, and you will find a good idea. 动动脑筋,你就会想出一个好办法来。
Give me a call, and I will help you. 给我打个电话,我就会帮助你。
Open the window, and you will smell it. 打开窗,你就会闻到。
**raise：vt. 升起;提高;饲养;筹集。 Just raise your hand if you have any question. 有问题就举手。
When a natural disaster happens, many famous singers and movie stars try to raise money to relieve the people in disasters. 发生自然灾害时,很多名歌手和电影明星都会尽力筹集钱财赈灾。
He made a living by raising pigs. 他靠养猪谋生。
raise your glass (to sb.)举杯祝酒。 raise one’s spirits 使振奋;使鼓起勇气。
3、check： v.检测/核对。check that/whether/how/who …。Let me check whether the potatoes are cooked.
I will call the company to check whether the beds can be delivered today.
check, examine 都可表“检查”。check有“校对”或“找错”之意；examine有“察看或观察以了解情况”之意。
check in 在旅馆登记住宿；登记；报到。 check out 结帐并离开(旅馆、住所)。check over 查看；检查。
4、public transport： n. [U] 公共交通；公交车辆。
in public 公开地 the public 大众 （+谓语用复数） a public telephone 公用电话
5、You’ll have a good view of the rapidly changing city. = You’ll take in the sights of the rapidly changing city. 这样你会一览这个飞速发展城市的亮丽风景。
view: n [C, U] 景色；美景；视野；想法；见解。
短语：have a good / wonderful / bad view (of...) 对…有很好的看法/见解；能很好地看见。
come into view 看得见；进入视野。 be in view 看得见；在视野中；考虑中；计划。
in one’s view (in one’s opinion) 在某人看来。
As we drove out along the road, we had a fine view of the country.
I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.坐汽车前部,饱览农村风光。
We'd like a room with a view of the sea. 城堡映入我们的眼帘。
As we turned the corner, a fascinating castle came into view. 当我们转过拐角，一座迷人的
There was nothing in view except the vast sea. 除了浩瀚的大海以外什么也看不到。
In my view, you must have misunderstood him. 我觉得你一定是误会他了。
1）同义词组：have a good opinion 对……有很好的看法
2）常见搭配： have a good view + on/about 对……有很好的看法（见解）
have a good view + of 能很好地看见 如：
He has a good view about the boy’s behavior. 他对那个男孩的举止持好的看法。
You can have a good view of the city on top of the tower.在塔顶上可很好的看这座城市的风景。
6、seat： n./ v. 座位，就座, 可坐(某数量的人)。seat oneself at/on/in/near take a seat / take one’s seat
Please be seated. The hall seats 600. She seated herself at the desk.
7、the same +sb. /sth. as…：和…相同。
The student has made the same mistake as last time. 犯了与上次一样的错误。
She goes to the same university as her father did. 与她父亲上的同一所学校。
8、Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.
= If you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing, you may as well use the tricycle which is a rewarding way. 如果想去老北京的胡同探秘，三轮脚踏车绝对是值得一坐的。
worth: adj（作表语）有......的价值；值得；值钱的。 常用结构：be worth + n./ doing sth
The book is worth 5 yuan.这书值五块。 Your computer is worth the price.电脑是值这个价钱的。
How much is this bicycle worth Don’t give a proposal not worth consideration.别提不值得考虑提案。
It isn't worth waiting for him. New York is a city worth visiting.
This book is worth reading twice. His suggestion is worth considering.
worthy：adj. 也表”值的”。 be worthy of (being done) 或 be worthy to (be done) 。
The book is worthy of being read. = The book is worthy to be read. 这本书值得一读。
I do think the movie is well worth seeing. = I do think the movie is well worthy of being seen.
我真的认为这部电影很值得看。
注意：1）be worth后接V-ing形式，与前面名词有动宾关系，不用被动语态。如：The book is worth reading.
2）用well修饰be worth表示“很值得”；用very修饰be worthy表示“很值得”，即：
be well worth doing = be very worthy being done / be very worthy to be done
3) 表达“值多少钱”，只能用be worth不能用be worthy，如：
That book is worth 5 yuan at most. 那本书顶多值5元钱。
This necklace is worth 1000 US dollars. 这条项链值一千美元。
9、match：v.和…相配。 n.火柴；比赛；对手。They are playing an important match on Sunday.重要比赛
match...with...把…与…搭配起来。
His trousers don’t match with his shoes. 这条裤子跟那双鞋子不配。
You should match your deeds to your beliefs. 你应该使你的行动与你的信仰保持一致。
The napkins were a nice match for the tablecloth. 餐巾和桌布相配得很好。
match/fit/suit 都有”搭配,适合”的意思。 match指品质、设计等合适,意”与…相配”。fit指尺寸、大小适合。suit指款式、颜色合适或是合乎需要、品味、性格、条件、地位等。
It’s difficult to match the color of the old paint. 很难找到与那幅旧画相配的颜色。
The coat doesn’t fit her; it’s too big. 那件外套不适合她,太大了。
Does the time suit you 这个时间对你合适吗？
Period Two
Function; Listening and Speaking
Teaching Aims
1. Train the students’ speaking and listening ability. 2. Teach the students how to make suggestions.
Teaching Important Points
1. Encourage the Ss to speak actively in class. 2. Train the Ss’ listening skills.
3. Teach the Ss to give advice using “Why not... ” structure.
Teaching Difficult Points
1. How to help the Ss improve their speaking ability. 2. How to make them listen effectively.
3. Make the Ss master more expressions in giving advice.
Teaching Methods
1. Practice giving advice. 2. Discussion to help the students prepare for listening.
Teaching Aids a tape recorder、a multimedia
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Greetings and revision
T: (Greet the whole class as usual.) Now let’s have a dictation for the new words we learnt last class.
be connected to suburban be/get stuck in in no time display permit receiptget around fare air-conditioned limit destination impressive provideunder construction convenient single explore
Step 2 Function
T: Last class we learned a passage, which contains many expressions of giving advice. The following are examples. Read them and say what they have in common. Find more examples in the passage.
(Show the following on the Bb.)
You should check the cab has a business permit. Make sure you ask for a receipt.
It’s a good idea to have your destination written in English. (The Ss discuss with their partners.)
Suggested answers: 1.They are all examples of the function of “giving advice”.
2. Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus; make sure you sit upstairs;
You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price.
T: Now that you have known more about giving advice, please work in pairs and think of a big city you know and write advice for visitors. The following sentence is an example:
It is a good idea to avoid public transport in the rush hour.
(The Ss discuss the issue and come up with a list. Then call back their answers.)
Suggested answers:
1. You should buy a map of the city first. 2. You shouldn’t leave your suitcase on its own.
3. When you take a taxi, it’s a good idea to ask for the driver’s permit.
4. You should always carry a spare bag in case you see something you want to buy.
Step 3 Listening and speaking
T: On your way home or to school have you met a traffic jam
S: Very often! As we are always on the road in the rush hours, the roads are often crowded. Sometimes traffic accidents occur, which holds us back a lot.
T: I couldn’t agree more. It’s just annoying. As we all know, Beijing is a big city. Therefore, it is natural that people often confront with traffic jams. In the following listening materials some Beijingers will talk about traffic problems in their city. Before you listen, tick the topics you think they will talk about. (Write the following on the blackboard.)
traffic jams the Olympic Games road works bad driver
Ss: I guess maybe all of the above will be mentioned.
T: Maybe. Now you may listen and check your answers.
(The teacher plays the tape for the students and then check their answers in a class setting.)
T: You are quite right. Now listen again and match the traffic situations with the speakers.
(The teacher plays the tape once again and then ask students to answer the questions.)
T: All of you did very good jobs! Here are more exercises. Activity 3
T: Now listen again and try to answer the following questions. Activity 4
Step 4 Summary and homework
T: This class first we learned about the ways to give advice. Through the learning of this part most of us have how to make suggestions. Besides, we trained our abilities of speaking and listening. After class please find more expressions in giving advice. So much for today! Good-bye!
Period Three
Grammar
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision
(1) Fill the blanks with the newly learned words or phrases in the module.
1. What time would it be convenient for you to come round
2. You can’t get into the research station without a permit.
3. Make sure you are given a receipt for everything you buy.
4. Have you found a solution to working out the difficult problem
5. After a three-hour journey, we arrived at our destination (目的地).
6. The exhibition displays (展出) many old valuable coins.
7. You must be provided (提供) with warm clothes for the winter.
8. There are some very impressive (印象深刻的) buildings in the town.
9. Why don’t you dance It’s easy. You can learn rapidly (很快).
10. The wheels of the car got stuck in the mud and we could not go on.
11. There was nothing interesting on, so she switched off the TV.
12. The reservoir is under construction (正在建设).
(2) Translate the following sentences:
1. 骑自行车要遵守交通规则 Follow the rules of the road when riding a bicycle.
2. 向左拐，你就会发现右边有个公园。 Turn left and you’ll find a park on your right.
3. 为什么不乘出租车呢？这样可以节省时间。 Why not take a taxi to save time Why don’t we …
4. 一条新高速路把我家乡和这个市连起来。My hometown is connected to the city by a new highway.
5. 今早我遇上交通堵塞，上学迟到了。I got stuck in a traffic jam in the morning, so I was late for school.
6. 公车、火车和飞机使旅行更方便。Buses, trains and planes make it convenient for people to get around.
7. 2008年北京奥运会的很多工程正在建设之中。
Many projects for Beijing Olympics 2008 are under construction.
8. 他在班里总是排名第一，对其他同学来说，要赶上他简直是不可能的。 He is always in the first place in his class, so there is no way for all the other students to catch up with him.
Step 2 Dealing with Function
Imagine that we will produce a guidebook for the travelers to Tianjin, what do you want to add in it, especially about the traffic That means how we could give our advice. Use the following patterns.
A. You should check the cab has a business permit.
B. Make sure that you ask for a receipt.
C. It’s a good idea for you to have your destination written in Chinese.
Allow the Ss to discuss with each other and have a competition. Write their answers on the Bb.
Step 3 Grammar learning
Finish off Part 1 and 2 on page 16. According to the information in Ex 1, the Ss can get to know the functions of different kinds of Imperatives, such as telling people what to do, giving instructions and advice, making recommendations and suggestions, and for making offers.
一、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：
Keep off the grass! 勿踩草地！ Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二、祈使句的肯定句式： 一般分为以下三种类型：
1. 行为动词原形＋其它成分。如： Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be动词＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介短等)。如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。
3. Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其它成分。如：Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
三、祈使句的否定句式：通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
1. 在肯定句式前加Don’t。 如： Don’t say that again! 别再那样说了！
2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成“Don’t be＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。如：Don’t be careless. 不要粗心。 在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。
3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：
1) Let开头的祈使句，如后面跟第一、三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。
2) 如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。例如：
Don’t let me go with her tomorrow.＝Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名词/V-ing形式”结构，表“禁止做某事”。如：
NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！
四、祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：
1. 祈使句为肯定句，其反意疑问句表请求时，常用will you；表邀请、劝说时，用won’t you 如：
Be sure to write to us, will you 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you 如：
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其它均用will you。如：
Let the boy go first, will you 让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
五、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。 二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
---Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。如：
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。
七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。如：
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如他明天来这儿，叫他给我个电话。
八、祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。如：Do shut up! 快住口！
九、特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：
More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。
＝If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.
十、运用祈使句的误区
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，做出正确判断。如：
_______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check
析：如果空白处选填B(Check)项，则视为祈使句，但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接；如选A或D项(分词或不定式)，句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子结构。因此，只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。
Period Four
Speaking; Writing; Everyday English
Teaching Aims
1. To let the students know how to making suggestions. 2. To train their writing and speaking skills.
Teaching Important Points To motivate the Ss to work together.
Teaching Difficult Points How to enable the Ss to write about the traffic problems of a town.
Teaching Methods Induction and practice
Teaching Aids A blackboard, a tape recorder and a multimedia
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision
T: Good morning, class! Last period we have learned Imperatives. Today let’s do some exercises to consolidate it. (Show the following on the Bb.)
Complete the rules for cyclists in the city. Use the imperative forms of the verbs in the box.
Break go keep look ride stop stay watch out
Example: Keep to the small streets when you can.
1. ___ Don’t go___ on the pavement.
2. __ Stay_______ in the bicycle lanes.
3. ___ Stop______ at red traffic lights.
4. __Don’t break__ the rules of the road.
5. __ Watch out___ for pedestrians.
6. ___ Look______ behind you before you turn right and left.
7. __ Don’t ride _ in the middle of the road.
T: Write advice for these situations. Use these expressions:
Make sure... It’s a good idea... You should/shouldn’t
Example: You are in a traffic jam and the driver behind you is honking his horn angrily.
Make sure you keep cool.
1. You need to get to the station in an hour but it’s rush hour and there are certain to be traffic jams.
You should use public transport/Make sure you leave early.
2. You are a tourist and you want to explore the small streets in Shanghai.
It’s a good idea to go by tricycle.
3. You want to travel from Beijing to Shanghai.
You should go by train or by plane.
4. You want to catch the bus but you only have a 100-yuan note.
You should get change before you take the bus.
T: Besides, we have learned compound nouns. Now let’s do some exercises to check it.
1. Match words on the left with words on the right to form compound nouns. And then complete the following passage with the words.
1. bicycle 2. car 3. city 4. public 5. ring 6. road 7. rush 8. traffic
a. centre b. hour c. jam d. lane e. park f. road g. transport h. works
Suggested answers: 1.d 2.e 3.a 4.g 5.f 6.h 7.b 8.c
2. It’s very difficult to drive into ① _ city centre__ of my town. Every morning and evening at ②__ rush hour__ there are lots of ③_ traffic jams__. It’s not a good idea to use ④ _ public transport__ at rush hour either because there are no bus and trolley lanes. The best way is to cycle into the centre because there are plenty of ⑤_ bicycle__.
If you come from outside town, don’t get onto the ⑥_ ring road_ around the town because there are a lot of ⑦__ roadworks_ at the moment. It’s a good idea to leave your car in one of the many ⑧ _ car parks__ just outside town and then catch a bus into the centre.
Step 2 Speaking
T: So much for the check up. The following sentence is extracted from our listening materials. Please listen to the tape one more time and complete the sentence.
(Write the sentence on the blackboard.)
Why not limit the number of _ cars_, or follow Shanghai and build _ roads__ in the sky.
T: What is the meaning of this sentence Is it a questions
S: I don’t think so. I think it is a suggestion.
T: That’s true. It is to make suggestions. Now use Why not and the words in brackets to make suggestions in these situations. (Show the following on the Bb.)
Example: —Taxis are very expensive. (public transport)
—Why not use public transport
1. The roads are very busy. (underground) Why not use/take the underground
2. Buses are always crowded. (minibuses) Why not use the minibuses
3. The rush hour is terrible. (at a different time) Why not travel at a different time
4. There aren’t enough roads. (new ones) Why not build new ones
5. Too many people break the rules. (more traffic policemen) Why not employ more traffic policemen
6. There isn’t any room for cars to park. (underground car parks)
Why not build underground car parks
T: Now talk about the traffic problems in your town and then discuss ways of improving the situation. Here are some expressions you can use. (Show the following on the Bb.)
They/We should/shouldn’t... They/We should/shouldn’t... Why not... Why don’t you ...
Example: Why don’t they make new cycle lanes
Step 3 Writing
T: That’s all for our Speaking. Now let’s come to Writing. Before our writing begins, let’s read a passage and answer the questions. (Show the following on the Bb.)
1. How many problems does the writer talk about
Four (too many cars; terrible air; buses stuck; accidents with cyclists)
2. What are the causes of the problems The town is old, the streets are narrow.
3. How many solutions does the writer find
Two (close the city centre; to all traffic except buses and bikes; build car parks outside the town).
4. Who are they in They should close the city centre The local government/city council.
5. Why does the writer divide the passage into two parts
The first part talks about problems; the second about solutions.
T: From the passage maybe you have know more about how to write a similar passage on your own. You’d better list the problems and its solutions beforehand.
Step 4 Everyday English
T: The rest of the time let’s look at the words and phrases below and choose the best explanation.
(Show the following on the Bb.)
1. Pedicabs are worth using if you want to explore old Beijing.
A. Pedicabs cost a lot to use. B. It can be a good idea to use pedicabs.
2. There was no way I was going to catch the plane.
A. All the roads to the airport were closed. B. It was impossible to catch the plane.
3. It’s enough to drive you mad.
A. It can make you get angry. B. It can make you drive badly.
4. Keep cool!
A. Don’t get angry. B. Wear light clothes.
Suggested answers: 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A
Step 5 Summary and homework
T: Today we first practiced making suggestions using the sentence pattern:
Why not... Why don’t you... It’s a good idea...
After that we learned to write a short passage on traffic problems. Just remember to write notes before starting writing. In that way you won’t get stuck after writing one sentence. When you have finished writing, read through what you have written. Make any changes which you think will make your writing clearer for the reader. Finally we know more phrases in Everyday English. After class please do Exercise 18.
That’s all for today. You are dismissed!
Period Five
Cultural Corner; Task; Module File
Teaching Aims
1. Make the students master some new words.
2. Broaden their eyes with a passage about the London congestion charge.
3. Instruct the students to complete a poster giving advice to visitors to your city.
Teaching Important Points Make the students learn about the congestion charge in London.
Teaching Difficult Points How to use imperatives to make suggestions.
Teaching Methods Skimming and explanation
Teaching Aids Multimedia, a blackboard & a tape-recorder.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision
(Greet the students as usual.)
T: First I will check up your exercises. (Show the following on the screen.)
Read the following passage and give advice about transport for these situations.
Wherever you are coming from, Oxford is very easy to get to.
For foreign visitors, it’s a good idea to fly to Heathrow Airport and then catch a coach. There are direct coaches from the airport bus station every half hour. The journey only takes an hour and it’s cheaper and faster than the train. You can buy your ticket from the driver. Remember, a return fare is cheaper than a single and you can use it any time. If you fly into Gatwick Airport, there are direct coaches every hour. However, at rush hour, there are traffic jams on the ring road so it’s a good idea to catch the train to Oxford.
If you are coming from London, you can take the train from Paddington Station. Alternatively, there are coaches every hour from central London. Avoid road transport at rush hour. When you get to Oxford, there are taxis at the central coach station and railway station.
The city is old and there are many narrow streets. The best way to visit it is on foot. It’s also worth going on a tour on a double-decker bus. But make sure you sit upstairs!
1. A Chinese business person arriving at Heathrow Airport and going to Oxford for four days, then flying home from Heathrow.
Take a direct coach to Oxford./Buy a return fare because it is cheaper.
2. A person arriving at Gatwick Airport at 17:30 on a Tuesday and going to Oxford.
Catch the train to Oxford because of the rush hour traffic.
3. A person who lives in London and wants to spend the day in Oxford.
Take the train from Paddington station or catch a bus from a coach station.
4. A tourist who wants to visit Oxford on a rainy day. Go on a double-decker bus tour.
Step 2 Cultural corner
T: So much for the check up. As we all know, problems will arise if a city has two much traffic. London, as one of the biggest cities in the world, suffers a heavy traffic. Just suppose you are the mayor of London, what measures will you take to solve the traffic problems caused by too much traffic
S: If I were the mayor of London, I think I will build more roads in the sky.
T: Any other volunteer
S: In my opinion, it is a good idea to find more policemen to direct the traffic.
T: Good ideas. Now let’s read the passage to find what measures the London mayor take to solve the problems. While reading, try to answer the following questions.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1. What’s a congestion charge
A. A tax for cars entering the center of the city. B. A tax for taxes only.
C. A fine for those who don’t obey the traffic rules. D. A tax which is very expensive.
2. Which word can replace the word “as” in paragraph 3
A. Where. B. Because. C. When. D. Since.
3. Does the congestion charge work in London A. No. B. Yes.
C. It’s hard to say for most Londoners are not happy with it. D. Not mentioned in the text.
T: From the passage we all know that the congestion charge met strong objection from the citizens. Do you know why
S: Because they think the congestion charge is expensive and limits their freedom as well.
T: Can you think of more proper ways to solve it
A possible version:
Park and Ride
One way of beating city centre congestion which has proved successful in many cities is the “Park & Ride” scheme. In this solution, the city council builds large car parks on the edges of busy cities. Drivers park in the car parks and then get free public transport to the city centre. In some cities, both the parking and the riding are free; in other cities, the drivers pay a small charge to park (significantly less, however, than in city centre car parks or at parking meters in the streets) and use the ticket to travel on public transport. For the scheme to work, it is important that the bus service between the car parks and the city centre is very frequent and fast.
Step 3 Task
T: The task in this module is to complete a poster giving advice to visitors to your city/hometown. You may work in pairs and give advice or information to visitors to your hometown by answering the questions in the poster.
Step 4 Module file
This part can be used for the students to check their understanding of this module by themselves, or the teacher may revise what we have taught and learnt with the help of this file.
Step 5 Summary and homework
T: In this period we learn something about the Congestion Charge in London. And then we learned to make up a poster giving advice to visitors to your city. All of you did very good jobs. Your homework today is to memorize all the new words in this module. Meanwhile, find more exercises about Imperatives to do. This is the end of this module. Class is over.
1、suffer： vt. 遭受,经历,忍受。 vi. ”受痛苦,受损害”。常用于suffer from结构。
She was suffering from a headache. 她正经受头痛之苦。
The enemy forces suffered heavy casualties by their own admission. 敌军自己承认伤亡惨重。
Many people suffer from a great dread of heights. 许多人非常畏高。
His friend has suffered from ill health for some years. 他朋友身体不好已有好几年了。
suffering: n. 疼痛; 折磨; 痛苦; 苦恼。 sufferer: n. 患病者; 受难者。
Death finally brought an end to her suffering？ 死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。
2、After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent and journey times by about 15 percent. = After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced to about 70 percent and journey times to about 85 percent. 仅六个月后，进入伦敦市中心的交通车辆减少到百分之七十，车辆穿行的次数减少了约百分之八十五。
reduce： vt. 减少；缩小。
They’ve reduced the prices in the shop,so it’s a good time to buy.
商店已经降低了商品的价格,看来现在是买东西的好时候。
This experienced editor is said to be able to reduce the misprints to almost nil.
据说这位经验丰富的老编辑能把印刷错误几乎减少到零。
常与介词to和by连用, to此时翻译为”到”, 表示发生变化后的结果； by翻译为”了”, 表示事物减少或降低的”幅度或程度”。与这种用法相同的还有动词increase, rise, go up, go down, bring up, bring down等。例如:
The price of the clothes has increased by 10 percent. 衣服的价钱增加了10%。
At last they had to bring the price down to 87 yuan. 最后他们不得不把价钱降低到87元。
The number of students in this school has been increased by 20 percent this year.
今年这所学校的学生数目增加了20%。
The cost of production was reduced by RMB 30,000 Yuan last year. 去年生产成本降低了三万元。
Our basketball team lost the game by only one score. 我们的篮球队仅以一分之差输了这场比赛。
I am taller than her by 5 centimeters. 我比她高五公分。
3、What’s more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.
= In addition (besides), central London shops did not lose money even though there were fewer cars.
另外，伦敦市中心商店的销售情况并没有因为车辆减少而受损。
what’s more: and that; also 而且。
My husband has a good heart, what’s more, he’s quite talented. 我老公很善良，而且，他还很能干。
The price is too high, and what’s more, I don’t like the color of the coat.
价格太贵，而且，我也不喜欢这件外套的颜色。
The cellar was dark and forbidding, what’s more, I knew a family of mice had nested there.
这个地窖阴森可怕，而且，我知道那儿有一窝老鼠。
what’s more 的同义词或词组：besides; in addition; moreover; furthermore; further more。
Period One
Introduction, Reading and Vocabulary
Teaching Aims
1. Make the Ss master some new words, make sense of the passage.
2. Train the Ss’ reading skills and speaking ability through individual and pair work.
3. Make the Ss know about the present situations of traffic in cities at home or abroad. Meanwhile, develop their sense of environment.
Teaching Important Points
1. Encourage the Ss to talk about means of transportation. 2. Help the Ss make sense of the passage.
Teaching Difficult Points
1. Lead the Ss to talk in class actively. 2. Deal with some difficult Language Points.
Teaching Methods Individual work, pair work to get every Ss to participate in class.
Teaching Aids Some pictures, multimedia & a blackboard.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Lead-in and Introduction
T: Good morning, boys and girls!
Ss: Good morning, Sir!
T: Today we are going to learn Module 2 Traffic Jam. Here I have a question for you. Would you like to tell me how you usually get to school every day？
S: I usually get to school by bike. S: By bus.
T: Good! And can you name some other means of transportation
S: Motorbike. S: Boat. S: Taxi.
T: Very good! Anything else？
S: Truck! S: Underground. S: ......
(The teacher lists the names on the blackboard. Explain some new words.)
bike boat bus coach helicopter motorbike taxi trolleybus truck underground
T: Do you know the word “coach”
S: Would you please explain it to us
T: Of course. Look at the picture. Can you describe it in simple English
S: Let me try. Is it a long distance bus
T: Kind of right. It is a bus, usually. with a single deck, carrying passengers over long distances. In old times, it refers to a large four-wheeled carriage pulled by horses and used for carrying passengers.
T: Please look at another one. What is it Would you like to describe it
S: I think it is quite like an electric bus.
T: Quite right. It is a bus powered by electricity from an overhead cable. Its name is “trolleybus”.
T: Now that you have known so many means of transportation, please match some of the words with their definitions. (Activity 1)
T: All of you did very good jobs!
T: Now with your partners carry out a survey by asking and answering questions concerning means of transportation. For example, which means of transportation do you prefer Do you always take a bus to school After that you may complete the following chart using ticks. (Activity 2)
T: Now discuss the following questions: (Activity 3)
T: After the discussion you may organize your answers into a short passage of a traffic jam.
Step 2 Reading
T: Just now we talked about a traffic jam. Now let’s come to the passage in Reading and Vocabulary. Read the passage and say who might find the information useful.
S: I think the tourists to Beijing will find it useful.
T: Very good! Read the passage quickly again and try to get the main idea of the passage. Then fill in the chart. And find the answers to the following questions in Activity 2.
Transportation Availability Advantages Disadvantages
Taxis 24 hours a day convenient expensive
Buses and trolleybuses 5 am to midnight cheap can be crowded
Minibuses regular service cheap and not crowded not mentioned
Underground 5 am to 11 pm fast convenient crowded at rush hours
Pedicabs not mentioned special and interesting expensive
T: Good job! While reading, you must have come across some new words. Can you guess the meanings of them Please read the passage once more. This time, please read it carefully and then match the words in the box with their meanings.
Step 3 Vocabulary
T: Now read the passage quickly again and try to make sense of the words according to the context. The words in the Activity3 may be of help to you. Match them with the words or phrases.
Step 4 Workbook
Deal with another reading material in workbook on page 75. Just finish off part 9 and 10
Step 5 Summary and Homework
T: This period first we learned about different means of transportation. And then we read an article about the means of transportation in Beijing. In the article we learned quite a lot of new words. Above all, we have mastered the usages of the words we learn. After class, please memorize the new words we learned and try to recite the second passage. Pre-learn the grammar and culture corner. Try reading the sentences in Pronunciation on page 15.
That’s all for today. Good bye, everyone.
Ss: Good bye, sir.
Step 6 Language Points
1、get around：四处走动；到处旅行；传播。 = get round 走动，传开。 导学P17-6-2
When he was young, he used to get around in the city by bike. 他没事的时候喜欢骑着自行车在城
The old couple used to get around the world. 那对老夫妻曾经全球旅行。 里到处逛。
It is hard to get around without a car.没有汽车的旅行很艰难。 Word got around.消息散布到各处。
get about 走动；旅行；传开。
You should get round. It will do good to your health. 你应该四处走走,这对你的健康有好处。
His work makes it possible for him to get round the world. 他的工作方便他到处旅行。
2、Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time=If you raise your hand, a taxi will appear in no time
**此处祈使句相当于一个条件句,and后的陈述句相当于在此条件下发生的结果。可用if引导的条件句转换。
祈使句+and+一般将来时： Do sth., and you will do…. = If you do sth., you will do …
Do sth., or you will not do …= If you do sth., you will not do…
Use your mind, and you will find a good idea. 动动脑筋,你就会想出一个好办法来。
Give me a call, and I will help you. 给我打个电话,我就会帮助你。
Open the window, and you will smell it. 打开窗,你就会闻到。
**raise：vt. 升起;提高;饲养;筹集。 Just raise your hand if you have any question. 有问题就举手。
When a natural disaster happens, many famous singers and movie stars try to raise money to relieve the people in disasters. 发生自然灾害时,很多名歌手和电影明星都会尽力筹集钱财赈灾。
He made a living by raising pigs. 他靠养猪谋生。
raise your glass (to sb.)举杯祝酒。 raise one’s spirits 使振奋;使鼓起勇气。
3、check： v.检测/核对。check that/whether/how/who …。Let me check whether the potatoes are cooked.
I will call the company to check whether the beds can be delivered today.
check, examine 都可表“检查”。check有“校对”或“找错”之意；examine有“察看或观察以了解情况”之意。
check in 在旅馆登记住宿；登记；报到。 check out 结帐并离开(旅馆、住所)。check over 查看；检查。
4、public transport： n. [U] 公共交通；公交车辆。
in public 公开地 the public 大众 （+谓语用复数） a public telephone 公用电话
5、You’ll have a good view of the rapidly changing city. = You’ll take in the sights of the rapidly changing city. 这样你会一览这个飞速发展城市的亮丽风景。
view: n [C, U] 景色；美景；视野；想法；见解。
短语：have a good / wonderful / bad view (of...) 对…有很好的看法/见解；能很好地看见。
come into view 看得见；进入视野。 be in view 看得见；在视野中；考虑中；计划。
in one’s view (in one’s opinion) 在某人看来。
As we drove out along the road, we had a fine view of the country.
I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.坐汽车前部,饱览农村风光。
We'd like a room with a view of the sea. 城堡映入我们的眼帘。
As we turned the corner, a fascinating castle came into view. 当我们转过拐角，一座迷人的
There was nothing in view except the vast sea. 除了浩瀚的大海以外什么也看不到。
In my view, you must have misunderstood him. 我觉得你一定是误会他了。
1）同义词组：have a good opinion 对……有很好的看法
2）常见搭配： have a good view + on/about 对……有很好的看法（见解）
have a good view + of 能很好地看见 如：
He has a good view about the boy’s behavior. 他对那个男孩的举止持好的看法。
You can have a good view of the city on top of the tower.在塔顶上可很好的看这座城市的风景。
6、seat： n./ v. 座位，就座, 可坐(某数量的人)。seat oneself at/on/in/near take a seat / take one’s seat
Please be seated. The hall seats 600. She seated herself at the desk.
7、the same +sb. /sth. as…：和…相同。
The student has made the same mistake as last time. 犯了与上次一样的错误。
She goes to the same university as her father did. 与她父亲上的同一所学校。
8、Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.
= If you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing, you may as well use the tricycle which is a rewarding way. 如果想去老北京的胡同探秘，三轮脚踏车绝对是值得一坐的。
worth: adj（作表语）有......的价值；值得；值钱的。 常用结构：be worth + n./ doing sth
The book is worth 5 yuan.这书值五块。 Your computer is worth the price.电脑是值这个价钱的。
How much is this bicycle worth Don’t give a proposal not worth consideration.别提不值得考虑提案。
It isn't worth waiting for him. New York is a city worth visiting.
This book is worth reading twice. His suggestion is worth considering.
worthy：adj. 也表”值的”。 be worthy of (being done) 或 be worthy to (be done) 。
The book is worthy of being read. = The book is worthy to be read. 这本书值得一读。
I do think the movie is well worth seeing. = I do think the movie is well worthy of being seen.
我真的认为这部电影很值得看。
注意：1）be worth后接V-ing形式，与前面名词有动宾关系，不用被动语态。如：The book is worth reading.
2）用well修饰be worth表示“很值得”；用very修饰be worthy表示“很值得”，即：
be well worth doing = be very worthy being done / be very worthy to be done
3) 表达“值多少钱”，只能用be worth不能用be worthy，如：
That book is worth 5 yuan at most. 那本书顶多值5元钱。
This necklace is worth 1000 US dollars. 这条项链值一千美元。
9、match：v.和…相配。 n.火柴；比赛；对手。They are playing an important match on Sunday.重要比赛
match...with...把…与…搭配起来。
His trousers don’t match with his shoes. 这条裤子跟那双鞋子不配。
You should match your deeds to your beliefs. 你应该使你的行动与你的信仰保持一致。
The napkins were a nice match for the tablecloth. 餐巾和桌布相配得很好。
match/fit/suit 都有”搭配,适合”的意思。 match指品质、设计等合适,意”与…相配”。fit指尺寸、大小适合。suit指款式、颜色合适或是合乎需要、品味、性格、条件、地位等。
It’s difficult to match the color of the old paint. 很难找到与那幅旧画相配的颜色。
The coat doesn’t fit her; it’s too big. 那件外套不适合她,太大了。
Does the time suit you 这个时间对你合适吗？
Period Two
Function; Listening and Speaking
Teaching Aims
1. Train the students’ speaking and listening ability. 2. Teach the students how to make suggestions.
Teaching Important Points
1. Encourage the Ss to speak actively in class. 2. Train the Ss’ listening skills.
3. Teach the Ss to give advice using “Why not... ” structure.
Teaching Difficult Points
1. How to help the Ss improve their speaking ability. 2. How to make them listen effectively.
3. Make the Ss master more expressions in giving advice.
Teaching Methods
1. Practice giving advice. 2. Discussion to help the students prepare for listening.
Teaching Aids a tape recorder、a multimedia
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Greetings and revision
T: (Greet the whole class as usual.) Now let’s have a dictation for the new words we learnt last class.
be connected to suburban be/get stuck in in no time display permit receiptget around fare air-conditioned limit destination impressive provideunder construction convenient single explore
Step 2 Function
T: Last class we learned a passage, which contains many expressions of giving advice. The following are examples. Read them and say what they have in common. Find more examples in the passage.
(Show the following on the Bb.)
You should check the cab has a business permit. Make sure you ask for a receipt.
It’s a good idea to have your destination written in English. (The Ss discuss with their partners.)
Suggested answers: 1.They are all examples of the function of “giving advice”.
2. Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus; make sure you sit upstairs;
You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price.
T: Now that you have known more about giving advice, please work in pairs and think of a big city you know and write advice for visitors. The following sentence is an example:
It is a good idea to avoid public transport in the rush hour.
(The Ss discuss the issue and come up with a list. Then call back their answers.)
Suggested answers:
1. You should buy a map of the city first. 2. You shouldn’t leave your suitcase on its own.
3. When you take a taxi, it’s a good idea to ask for the driver’s permit.
4. You should always carry a spare bag in case you see something you want to buy.
Step 3 Listening and speaking
T: On your way home or to school have you met a traffic jam
S: Very often! As we are always on the road in the rush hours, the roads are often crowded. Sometimes traffic accidents occur, which holds us back a lot.
T: I couldn’t agree more. It’s just annoying. As we all know, Beijing is a big city. Therefore, it is natural that people often confront with traffic jams. In the following listening materials some Beijingers will talk about traffic problems in their city. Before you listen, tick the topics you think they will talk about. (Write the following on the blackboard.)
traffic jams the Olympic Games road works bad driver
Ss: I guess maybe all of the above will be mentioned.
T: Maybe. Now you may listen and check your answers.
(The teacher plays the tape for the students and then check their answers in a class setting.)
T: You are quite right. Now listen again and match the traffic situations with the speakers.
(The teacher plays the tape once again and then ask students to answer the questions.)
T: All of you did very good jobs! Here are more exercises. Activity 3
T: Now listen again and try to answer the following questions. Activity 4
Step 4 Summary and homework
T: This class first we learned about the ways to give advice. Through the learning of this part most of us have how to make suggestions. Besides, we trained our abilities of speaking and listening. After class please find more expressions in giving advice. So much for today! Good-bye!
Period Three
Grammar
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision
(1) Fill the blanks with the newly learned words or phrases in the module.
1. What time would it be convenient for you to come round
2. You can’t get into the research station without a permit.
3. Make sure you are given a receipt for everything you buy.
4. Have you found a solution to working out the difficult problem
5. After a three-hour journey, we arrived at our destination (目的地).
6. The exhibition displays (展出) many old valuable coins.
7. You must be provided (提供) with warm clothes for the winter.
8. There are some very impressive (印象深刻的) buildings in the town.
9. Why don’t you dance It’s easy. You can learn rapidly (很快).
10. The wheels of the car got stuck in the mud and we could not go on.
11. There was nothing interesting on, so she switched off the TV.
12. The reservoir is under construction (正在建设).
(2) Translate the following sentences:
1. 骑自行车要遵守交通规则 Follow the rules of the road when riding a bicycle.
2. 向左拐，你就会发现右边有个公园。 Turn left and you’ll find a park on your right.
3. 为什么不乘出租车呢？这样可以节省时间。 Why not take a taxi to save time Why don’t we …
4. 一条新高速路把我家乡和这个市连起来。My hometown is connected to the city by a new highway.
5. 今早我遇上交通堵塞，上学迟到了。I got stuck in a traffic jam in the morning, so I was late for school.
6. 公车、火车和飞机使旅行更方便。Buses, trains and planes make it convenient for people to get around.
7. 2008年北京奥运会的很多工程正在建设之中。
Many projects for Beijing Olympics 2008 are under construction.
8. 他在班里总是排名第一，对其他同学来说，要赶上他简直是不可能的。 He is always in the first place in his class, so there is no way for all the other students to catch up with him.
Step 2 Dealing with Function
Imagine that we will produce a guidebook for the travelers to Tianjin, what do you want to add in it, especially about the traffic That means how we could give our advice. Use the following patterns.
A. You should check the cab has a business permit.
B. Make sure that you ask for a receipt.
C. It’s a good idea for you to have your destination written in Chinese.
Allow the Ss to discuss with each other and have a competition. Write their answers on the Bb.
Step 3 Grammar learning
Finish off Part 1 and 2 on page 16. According to the information in Ex 1, the Ss can get to know the functions of different kinds of Imperatives, such as telling people what to do, giving instructions and advice, making recommendations and suggestions, and for making offers.
一、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：
Keep off the grass! 勿踩草地！ Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二、祈使句的肯定句式： 一般分为以下三种类型：
1. 行为动词原形＋其它成分。如： Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be动词＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介短等)。如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。
3. Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其它成分。如：Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
三、祈使句的否定句式：通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
1. 在肯定句式前加Don’t。 如： Don’t say that again! 别再那样说了！
2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成“Don’t be＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。如：Don’t be careless. 不要粗心。 在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。
3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：
1) Let开头的祈使句，如后面跟第一、三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。
2) 如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。例如：
Don’t let me go with her tomorrow.＝Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名词/V-ing形式”结构，表“禁止做某事”。如：
NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！
四、祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：
1. 祈使句为肯定句，其反意疑问句表请求时，常用will you；表邀请、劝说时，用won’t you 如：
Be sure to write to us, will you 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you 如：
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其它均用will you。如：
Let the boy go first, will you 让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
五、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。 二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
---Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。如：
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。
七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。如：
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如他明天来这儿，叫他给我个电话。
八、祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。如：Do shut up! 快住口！
九、特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：
More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。
＝If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.
十、运用祈使句的误区
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，做出正确判断。如：
_______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check
析：如果空白处选填B(Check)项，则视为祈使句，但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接；如选A或D项(分词或不定式)，句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子结构。因此，只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。
Period Four
Speaking; Writing; Everyday English
Teaching Aims
1. To let the students know how to making suggestions. 2. To train their writing and speaking skills.
Teaching Important Points To motivate the Ss to work together.
Teaching Difficult Points How to enable the Ss to write about the traffic problems of a town.
Teaching Methods Induction and practice
Teaching Aids A blackboard, a tape recorder and a multimedia
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision
T: Good morning, class! Last period we have learned Imperatives. Today let’s do some exercises to consolidate it. (Show the following on the Bb.)
Complete the rules for cyclists in the city. Use the imperative forms of the verbs in the box.
Break go keep look ride stop stay watch out
Example: Keep to the small streets when you can.
1. ___ Don’t go___ on the pavement.
2. __ Stay_______ in the bicycle lanes.
3. ___ Stop______ at red traffic lights.
4. __Don’t break__ the rules of the road.
5. __ Watch out___ for pedestrians.
6. ___ Look______ behind you before you turn right and left.
7. __ Don’t ride _ in the middle of the road.
T: Write advice for these situations. Use these expressions:
Make sure... It’s a good idea... You should/shouldn’t
Example: You are in a traffic jam and the driver behind you is honking his horn angrily.
Make sure you keep cool.
1. You need to get to the station in an hour but it’s rush hour and there are certain to be traffic jams.
You should use public transport/Make sure you leave early.
2. You are a tourist and you want to explore the small streets in Shanghai.
It’s a good idea to go by tricycle.
3. You want to travel from Beijing to Shanghai.
You should go by train or by plane.
4. You want to catch the bus but you only have a 100-yuan note.
You should get change before you take the bus.
T: Besides, we have learned compound nouns. Now let’s do some exercises to check it.
1. Match words on the left with words on the right to form compound nouns. And then complete the following passage with the words.
1. bicycle 2. car 3. city 4. public 5. ring 6. road 7. rush 8. traffic
a. centre b. hour c. jam d. lane e. park f. road g. transport h. works
Suggested answers: 1.d 2.e 3.a 4.g 5.f 6.h 7.b 8.c
2. It’s very difficult to drive into ① _ city centre__ of my town. Every morning and evening at ②__ rush hour__ there are lots of ③_ traffic jams__. It’s not a good idea to use ④ _ public transport__ at rush hour either because there are no bus and trolley lanes. The best way is to cycle into the centre because there are plenty of ⑤_ bicycle__.
If you come from outside town, don’t get onto the ⑥_ ring road_ around the town because there are a lot of ⑦__ roadworks_ at the moment. It’s a good idea to leave your car in one of the many ⑧ _ car parks__ just outside town and then catch a bus into the centre.
Step 2 Speaking
T: So much for the check up. The following sentence is extracted from our listening materials. Please listen to the tape one more time and complete the sentence.
(Write the sentence on the blackboard.)
Why not limit the number of _ cars_, or follow Shanghai and build _ roads__ in the sky.
T: What is the meaning of this sentence Is it a questions
S: I don’t think so. I think it is a suggestion.
T: That’s true. It is to make suggestions. Now use Why not and the words in brackets to make suggestions in these situations. (Show the following on the Bb.)
Example: —Taxis are very expensive. (public transport)
—Why not use public transport
1. The roads are very busy. (underground) Why not use/take the underground
2. Buses are always crowded. (minibuses) Why not use the minibuses
3. The rush hour is terrible. (at a different time) Why not travel at a different time
4. There aren’t enough roads. (new ones) Why not build new ones
5. Too many people break the rules. (more traffic policemen) Why not employ more traffic policemen
6. There isn’t any room for cars to park. (underground car parks)
Why not build underground car parks
T: Now talk about the traffic problems in your town and then discuss ways of improving the situation. Here are some expressions you can use. (Show the following on the Bb.)
They/We should/shouldn’t... They/We should/shouldn’t... Why not... Why don’t you ...
Example: Why don’t they make new cycle lanes
Step 3 Writing
T: That’s all for our Speaking. Now let’s come to Writing. Before our writing begins, let’s read a passage and answer the questions. (Show the following on the Bb.)
1. How many problems does the writer talk about
Four (too many cars; terrible air; buses stuck; accidents with cyclists)
2. What are the causes of the problems The town is old, the streets are narrow.
3. How many solutions does the writer find
Two (close the city centre; to all traffic except buses and bikes; build car parks outside the town).
4. Who are they in They should close the city centre The local government/city council.
5. Why does the writer divide the passage into two parts
The first part talks about problems; the second about solutions.
T: From the passage maybe you have know more about how to write a similar passage on your own. You’d better list the problems and its solutions beforehand.
Step 4 Everyday English
T: The rest of the time let’s look at the words and phrases below and choose the best explanation.
(Show the following on the Bb.)
1. Pedicabs are worth using if you want to explore old Beijing.
A. Pedicabs cost a lot to use. B. It can be a good idea to use pedicabs.
2. There was no way I was going to catch the plane.
A. All the roads to the airport were closed. B. It was impossible to catch the plane.
3. It’s enough to drive you mad.
A. It can make you get angry. B. It can make you drive badly.
4. Keep cool!
A. Don’t get angry. B. Wear light clothes.
Suggested answers: 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A
Step 5 Summary and homework
T: Today we first practiced making suggestions using the sentence pattern:
Why not... Why don’t you... It’s a good idea...
After that we learned to write a short passage on traffic problems. Just remember to write notes before starting writing. In that way you won’t get stuck after writing one sentence. When you have finished writing, read through what you have written. Make any changes which you think will make your writing clearer for the reader. Finally we know more phrases in Everyday English. After class please do Exercise 18.
That’s all for today. You are dismissed!
Period Five
Cultural Corner; Task; Module File
Teaching Aims
1. Make the students master some new words.
2. Broaden their eyes with a passage about the London congestion charge.
3. Instruct the students to complete a poster giving advice to visitors to your city.
Teaching Important Points Make the students learn about the congestion charge in London.
Teaching Difficult Points How to use imperatives to make suggestions.
Teaching Methods Skimming and explanation
Teaching Aids Multimedia, a blackboard & a tape-recorder.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision
(Greet the students as usual.)
T: First I will check up your exercises. (Show the following on the screen.)
Read the following passage and give advice about transport for these situations.
Wherever you are coming from, Oxford is very easy to get to.
For foreign visitors, it’s a good idea to fly to Heathrow Airport and then catch a coach. There are direct coaches from the airport bus station every half hour. The journey only takes an hour and it’s cheaper and faster than the train. You can buy your ticket from the driver. Remember, a return fare is cheaper than a single and you can use it any time. If you fly into Gatwick Airport, there are direct coaches every hour. However, at rush hour, there are traffic jams on the ring road so it’s a good idea to catch the train to Oxford.
If you are coming from London, you can take the train from Paddington Station. Alternatively, there are coaches every hour from central London. Avoid road transport at rush hour. When you get to Oxford, there are taxis at the central coach station and railway station.
The city is old and there are many narrow streets. The best way to visit it is on foot. It’s also worth going on a tour on a double-decker bus. But make sure you sit upstairs!
1. A Chinese business person arriving at Heathrow Airport and going to Oxford for four days, then flying home from Heathrow.
Take a direct coach to Oxford./Buy a return fare because it is cheaper.
2. A person arriving at Gatwick Airport at 17:30 on a Tuesday and going to Oxford.
Catch the train to Oxford because of the rush hour traffic.
3. A person who lives in London and wants to spend the day in Oxford.
Take the train from Paddington station or catch a bus from a coach station.
4. A tourist who wants to visit Oxford on a rainy day. Go on a double-decker bus tour.
Step 2 Cultural corner
T: So much for the check up. As we all know, problems will arise if a city has two much traffic. London, as one of the biggest cities in the world, suffers a heavy traffic. Just suppose you are the mayor of London, what measures will you take to solve the traffic problems caused by too much traffic
S: If I were the mayor of London, I think I will build more roads in the sky.
T: Any other volunteer
S: In my opinion, it is a good idea to find more policemen to direct the traffic.
T: Good ideas. Now let’s read the passage to find what measures the London mayor take to solve the problems. While reading, try to answer the following questions.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1. What’s a congestion charge
A. A tax for cars entering the center of the city. B. A tax for taxes only.
C. A fine for those who don’t obey the traffic rules. D. A tax which is very expensive.
2. Which word can replace the word “as” in paragraph 3
A. Where. B. Because. C. When. D. Since.
3. Does the congestion charge work in London A. No. B. Yes.
C. It’s hard to say for most Londoners are not happy with it. D. Not mentioned in the text.
T: From the passage we all know that the congestion charge met strong objection from the citizens. Do you know why
S: Because they think the congestion charge is expensive and limits their freedom as well.
T: Can you think of more proper ways to solve it
A possible version:
Park and Ride
One way of beating city centre congestion which has proved successful in many cities is the “Park & Ride” scheme. In this solution, the city council builds large car parks on the edges of busy cities. Drivers park in the car parks and then get free public transport to the city centre. In some cities, both the parking and the riding are free; in other cities, the drivers pay a small charge to park (significantly less, however, than in city centre car parks or at parking meters in the streets) and use the ticket to travel on public transport. For the scheme to work, it is important that the bus service between the car parks and the city centre is very frequent and fast.
Step 3 Task
T: The task in this module is to complete a poster giving advice to visitors to your city/hometown. You may work in pairs and give advice or information to visitors to your hometown by answering the questions in the poster.
Step 4 Module file
This part can be used for the students to check their understanding of this module by themselves, or the teacher may revise what we have taught and learnt with the help of this file.
Step 5 Summary and homework
T: In this period we learn something about the Congestion Charge in London. And then we learned to make up a poster giving advice to visitors to your city. All of you did very good jobs. Your homework today is to memorize all the new words in this module. Meanwhile, find more exercises about Imperatives to do. This is the end of this module. Class is over.
1、suffer： vt. 遭受,经历,忍受。 vi. ”受痛苦,受损害”。常用于suffer from结构。
She was suffering from a headache. 她正经受头痛之苦。
The enemy forces suffered heavy casualties by their own admission. 敌军自己承认伤亡惨重。
Many people suffer from a great dread of heights. 许多人非常畏高。
His friend has suffered from ill health for some years. 他朋友身体不好已有好几年了。
suffering: n. 疼痛; 折磨; 痛苦; 苦恼。 sufferer: n. 患病者; 受难者。
Death finally brought an end to her suffering？ 死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。
2、After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent and journey times by about 15 percent. = After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced to about 70 percent and journey times to about 85 percent. 仅六个月后，进入伦敦市中心的交通车辆减少到百分之七十，车辆穿行的次数减少了约百分之八十五。
reduce： vt. 减少；缩小。
They’ve reduced the prices in the shop,so it’s a good time to buy.
商店已经降低了商品的价格,看来现在是买东西的好时候。
This experienced editor is said to be able to reduce the misprints to almost nil.
据说这位经验丰富的老编辑能把印刷错误几乎减少到零。
常与介词to和by连用, to此时翻译为”到”, 表示发生变化后的结果； by翻译为”了”, 表示事物减少或降低的”幅度或程度”。与这种用法相同的还有动词increase, rise, go up, go down, bring up, bring down等。例如:
The price of the clothes has increased by 10 percent. 衣服的价钱增加了10%。
At last they had to bring the price down to 87 yuan. 最后他们不得不把价钱降低到87元。
The number of students in this school has been increased by 20 percent this year.
今年这所学校的学生数目增加了20%。
The cost of production was reduced by RMB 30,000 Yuan last year. 去年生产成本降低了三万元。
Our basketball team lost the game by only one score. 我们的篮球队仅以一分之差输了这场比赛。
I am taller than her by 5 centimeters. 我比她高五公分。
3、What’s more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.
= In addition (besides), central London shops did not lose money even though there were fewer cars.
另外，伦敦市中心商店的销售情况并没有因为车辆减少而受损。
what’s more: and that; also 而且。
My husband has a good heart, what’s more, he’s quite talented. 我老公很善良，而且，他还很能干。
The price is too high, and what’s more, I don’t like the color of the coat.
价格太贵，而且，我也不喜欢这件外套的颜色。
The cellar was dark and forbidding, what’s more, I knew a family of mice had nested there.
这个地窖阴森可怕，而且，我知道那儿有一窝老鼠。
what’s more 的同义词或词组：besides; in addition; moreover; furthermore; further more。