05：【好题精选】任务型阅读-2023年中考英语专题练（江苏泰州市）（含答案）

05：【好题精选】任务型阅读-2023年中考英语专题练（含答案解析）（江苏泰州市）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读填表(共0分)
阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填1个单词。
When students get bored with the boring classes in the classroom, the practical classes in the lab help them relax. There, students can get hands-on experience about the lessons they have learned. High school students are allowed to do the basic experiments (实验) of different subjects of science, mainly physics, chemistry and biology. However, lab safety matters. Lab safety rules are mainly about personal safety and proper ways to use instruments to avoid accidents inside the lab.
Middle school is the first chance for students to work in a science lab. Lab experiments are carried out with great care. And the students are always told to follow the instructions to make sure of lab safety. Firstly, you must be careful of your personal safety. While doing experiments, you should be dressed in protective things, like gloves, safety glasses and caps. Since you are dealing with the instruments or the chemicals (化学制品) for the first time, you might be curious to try something new. But such activities often lead to lab dangers. So, avoid any kind of carelessness.
There are different types of instruments inside a science lab. Physics labs are filled with different electrical instruments, which need safe using steps. So you need to do the experiments under the supervision (监督) of your teachers until you are good at them. Don’t mix the chemicals as you like. It might cause danger. Also you should always keep a biology lab clean to avoid pollution.
You are new to the lab and it is your duty to learn about the lab completely. You should learn about the correct using steps of expensive instruments. Turn off the gas as soon as you finish your experiments. You also should learn about where the fire extinguisher is and the working of fire safety instruments.
Lab ___1___ rules for school students
Introduction Experiments can ___2___ students with hands-on experience about knowledge in the book. High school students have chances to do experiments in physics, chemistry and biology. You have to keep yourself safe by ___3___ instruments properly.
Personal safety ___4___ protective things while performing experiments is necessary. Don’t be ___5___ while dealing with the instruments or the chemicals.
Safe operation Do the experiments under your teachers’ supervision. Don’t have the chemicals mixed because it might be ___6___. Keep a biology lab clean so that it won’t be ___7___.
___8___on learning about the lab ___9___ learn about how to use expensive instruments. Don’t leave the gas ___10___ when you finish your experiments. Learn about where the fire extinguisher is and the working of fire safety instruments.
Shenzhou XIII taikonauts’（航天员的）six-month stay at the Tiangong space station is wrapping up. Now they face one last test of their scientific and space travel skills — returning home safely. Before they come back to Earth in mid-April, what needs to be done before leaving the space station
If you are coming home after a long journey, you have to pack up. For astronauts in space, they need to “pack” both experimental（实验的）information and samples（样品）and their personal belongings, so they can be further researched on the Earth.
The astronauts have to tidy up many objects, including goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo（货物）spacecraft, according to Zhong Weiwei, a researcher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center.
Since the space station has no room service, no one helps the three astronauts to “clean the house”. They need to collect a great amount of waste. This includes leftover food, sanitary（卫生）waste and waste from in-orbit experiments. The waste is then put into the orbital module（轨道舱）, and the orbital module burns up as it re-enters Earth’s atmosphere.
They must put all equipment（设备）in place correctly since there will be a gap of more than one month before the astronauts of Shenzhou XIV enter the space station, according to Zhong. The three members need to make sure some items, such as gym equipment, are fixed to the walls to keep them from floating.
Astronauts experience microgravity（微重力）for long periods of time during their stays on the space station, which has an effect on their bodies. This includes a loss of fluid（体液）, muscle atrophy（萎缩）. What’s more, they lose bone.
To make sure of their safe return, the three taikonauts have been doing physical exercises to train their muscles for the return to the Earth. Based on their in-orbit physical examinations, experts have customized（定制）exercise plans for each of them to have a safe landing, Zhong told China Daily.
请根据短文内容，完成信息记录表，每空一词。
What needs to be done before Shenzhou XIII taikonauts ____11____ the space station.
Things that need to be packed. ____12____ their personal belongings, they also need to “pack” experimental information and samples.
Things that need to be collected. *A large ____13____ of objects like goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo spacecraft. *The three astronauts need to “clean the house” by ____14____. Then they put the waste into the orbital module （轨道舱）, ____15____ burns up as it re-enters Earth’s atmosphere. *All equipment ____16____ be put in place correctly. *Some items are fixed to the walls to ____17____ floating.
The ____18____ of space travel on the human body. *A loss of fluid; *Muscle atrophy; *____19____ loss. The three astronauts have been doing exercises to return _____20_____.
阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. The spelling of English has always been a problem, but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary. In those days people spelt words in different ways which you might find interesting. But it made reading English much more difficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn’t made until the time of the Qing Dynasty. Three men did most of the important early work on dictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster and James Murray. These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries.
The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short. The idea for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two years later, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.
Murray had never been to college. At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and learned by himself while working in a bank. Later he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place built in the garden behind his house to do his work. Part of it was one meter underground. In winter he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o’clock and worked several hours before breakfast. Often he would work by candle light into the evening.
Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was still adding words for the letter A! Then others went to work with Murray, and his two daughters were among them. He worked on the dictionary until he was very old. Forty-four years later, in 1928, other editors finished it. It included more than 15,000 words in twelve books. And you thought your English dictionary was big!
Notes on James Murray’s life
Murray’s early life Born in Scotland. He left school at 14 and ____21____ himself when he worked in a bank, later became a great teacher.
Murray’s work on OED * He became the editor of OED in the year ____22____. * His working ____23____ were bad. a. He worked in a part-underground place in the garden behind his house; b. He had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm; c. He got up early and didn’t have breakfast ____24____ he worked several hours every morning; d. He often worked by candle light into the evening. * The time he spent on OED was much ____25____ than expected. * Later others and his two daughters ____26____ him.
Other information * OED was finished in the year 1928. It included ____27____ 15,000 words in twelve books. It is the ____28____ dictionary in the world. Thanks to it, people can ____29____ in the same way now. * For Murray, working on a dictionary wasn’t only a _____30_____ but a wonderful journey.
请根据材料内容, 完成表格, 每空一词。
Everyone wants to find happiness. But sometimes looking for happiness can be as hard as looking for lost treasure. Just when you think you nearly reach it, something unexpected happens. This may puzzle you a lot. Here are some tips for helping you find happiness.
Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. You can’t be happy if you depend on one thing or one person. You need to make your circle（圈子）of friends and activities larger.
Follow your heart. When we go against our own thoughts, we usually feel sad. Follow your strong feeling and let it guide you toward people and things that will make your life better. Day by day, you will be happier than before.
Organize your ideas. Many people push away happiness when they think too much. Don’t keep everything in head. Try making a list of the things that seem too big to manage on your own. You may find the list isn’t as long as you thought. You can do most of the things by yourself.
Look at your life as a whole. Most of the things that prevent us from feeling happy are just some little things. Remember life is always going on, and whatever the little thing is, it will end.
Remember your values. We all have a value system, a way we have decided to go through life, which makes us feel like a good person. The important thing is to remember your values when life becomes hard. Keeping your values strong will help create happiness.
Happiness can be hard to feel at times, so don’t think there is something wrong with you if you don’t feel it. The ways above will successfully help you to feel more of it.
Ways to Find Happiness
Introduction Sometimes happiness is ____31____ to get.
Tips for solving the puzzle Make more ____32____ and take part in more activities. It is ____33____ for you to find happiness if you depend on one thing or one person.
Let your heart guide you toward people and things that will ____34____ your life. In this way, your ____35____ will grow.
Write down the things that you seem ____36____ to manage on your own. You will be happy to find you can do ____37____ things than you thought.
Look at your life as a whole. Whatever the unhappy things are, most of them will ____38____.
Keep your values strong after you’ve made a ____39____ on how to spend life. Being a good person even when life is hard will help create happiness.
Conclusion You will be _____40_____ in getting happiness with the help of the five tips.
任务型阅读
Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went worse in March 2017 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables(电缆) in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce.
Luckily, researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful method to solve it. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb.
While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food (using the sun’s energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons(电子). The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to get the energy and keep it in the lamp’s batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge(电荷) can power a 50-walt LED light for two hours－enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.
The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp, believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity.
Topic: A new invention－the Plant Lamp
The ____41____ in the small village The people ____42____ in Nuevo Saposoa have trouble on electricity. However, things went worse for the only power cables there were destroyed ____43____ heavy rains. The villages had to use oil lamps, although they are expensive to use and can be ____44____to people’s health.
The method to solve it ★Some researchers made a new kind of lamp. It can be powered by common objects ____45____ in the rainforest－plants and soil. ★The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb.
The science explanation ★Plants create their food and produce waste which goes ____46____ to the soil at the same time. Some tiny animals ____47____ on the waste and produce electrons. ★The UT team can get the energy and keep it in the lamp’s batteries. A 50-walt LED light can be powered by a single charge for local villagers to ____48____ their evening work.
Conclusion Ten Plant Lamps were ____49____ for the villagers in October 2017. Elmer Ramirez, the inventor of the lamp, believes that they could be the most ______50______ for the small rainforest communities.
Wonder why the New Year money always disappears so quickly Well, this may be because you don’t plan to spend it carefully. Plan a budget (预算) and you will find you can stop your money from disappearing.
A budget is a plan to control where your money goes. Careful budget can help you save for the things you want, but can’t pay for right now.
Sounds useful Look at the following before you start your budget:
1. Every week there are things we have to pay for, like school lunches and buses. There are also things we would like to spend money on — just for fun! All of these are weekly expenses (开销).
2. Since we can’t have money for everything, we have to make choices. We need to ask if we really need something or just want it. Needs are what you must have in order to live, like food and water. Wants are things you would like to have or do, but that you could live without, such as CDs and cartoons.
3. List what you must spend on needs — and if there is money left over, what you will save for the things you really want. This is called a budget.
4. If you don’t have enough money for what you need and want, you may have to give up one for the other.
Any budget will change. Keep an eye on yours. Maybe you wanted a cartoon book but now you want an MP3 instead. Your needs may change into wants, or your wants may change into needs.
Control your spending
Background introduction If your New Year money ____51____ out too quickly, this may be because you don’t have a ____52____ budget.
What is a budget A budget is a plan to place your money under ____53____.
____54____ to plan a budget Have a clear idea of your weekly expenses, paying special attention to the money for the things that aren’t ____55____.Know the ____56____ between your needs and your wants. List all your needs as ____57____ as your wants. Your wants will be cancelled if there’s not enough money ____58____. Make a wise ____59____ between your needs and wants; you may have to give up your wants for your needs.
Advice As no budget is ____60____, make timely changes between your needs and wants.
Homestays are becoming more and more popular, and people around the world are offering their homes as hotels. Homestays offer cheap places to stay, and the chance for guests to see the area like a local. They are very popular with people who want to stay in another country to study or on holiday. We asked three families who run homestays to tell us about where they live.
The Atal family
Our family home is in a small village in the east of Pakistan, in the Himalayan mountains. The village is quite small and very quiet. The mountains are extremely beautiful. You can go for a long walk and swim in the rivers but there are no shops, cinemas or cafes.
Kate and Julian Foxton
Our two-bed house is by the sea in the south-west of England. It is about five minutes’ drive to the nearest village of Portreath. There are lots of beaches, rivers and forests and it is very quiet. We spend a lot of time reading books, watching films and going for walks. Our area is great for sports, such as surfing, kayaking and mountain biking. However, the houses here are expensive, which can be a problem for local people. There are no buses or trains here, so it can be difficult to get around without a car.
Chafic and Aline Halwany
Our home is near the centre of Beirut, Lebanon, one of the largest cities in the Middle East. There are lots of cafes and restaurants, which open late at night. We love it here because it’s so friendly and you can always find the things you need—lots of people come to stay to learn Arabic and French. However, it can be noisy at night, and there is quite a lot of traffic during the day.
Homestay holidays — A home away from home
Families ____61____ Disadvantages (劣势)
The Atal family(Pakistan) It’s in a small and quiet village in beautiful mountains in the ___62___ part of Pakistan. People can ___63___ and swim there. There are no shops, cinemas or cafes.
Kate and Julian Foxton(England) It takes a short ____64____ to the beaches, rivers and forests by car. It’s a good place for sports ____65____ surfing, kayaking and mountain biking. Houses here are not ____66____. It’s difficult to get around ____67____ a car.
Chafic and Aline Halwany(Lebanon) Lots of cafes and restaurants open late at ____68____. You can always find ____69____ you need. There is much _____70_____ at night and lot of traffic during the day.
阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。
It’s a known fact that people who laugh heartily every day are more able to deal with the daily challenges. They’re better able to fight against illness such as cold. As a result, it’s important to spread laughter. For this, firstly you need to find positive (乐观的) people and stick with them. If you are around people who are happy, you’ll become happy. After all, happiness spreads like wild fire. Avoid people who are negative (悲观的) and look on life in a negative way. These people are natural spirit killers.
Forgiveness is also one of the best ways to spread joy and laughter. When you forgive someone, your heart becomes light and you can begin to see the happiness and love that is all around you. You can hear the birds and smell the flowers. You will begin to feel everything good about life.
Make an effort to find the things and the people that are positive around you. Because life at times is full of many disappointments (失望), many people naturally develop a negative attitude(态度) towards life and people. Search for organizations that spread joy, visit places that make you laugh.
Spreading laughter is not as difficult as you think. A kind word, a smile on your face, or a visit to someone who feels lonely is of great help to spread laughter. A kind, soft word gets rid of (消除) anger but unkind words increase anger.
Last but not least, don’t always think of yourself but of others. Before you say something, think carefully about how the person will respond (反应) to your statement. You don’t want to create a case where you are adding to the problem. Laughter comes naturally for many people, but for some people it takes a lot of effort. If you have to be around those who do not laugh easily, take notice of them. See what they respond to and try your best to make them feel better. If they allow it, play with them to get them in the mood for a bit of laughter. Laughter is one of the greatest gifts that mankind has, so make use of it.
How to spread laughter
Paragraph outlines Supporting details
Stay ____71____ to positive people. ____72____ time with happy people can make you happy. Stay away from those who take life negatively because they’ll kill your natural spirit.
Learn to ___73___ . Forgiving helps you find happiness and love from your surroundings(周围事物). Forgiving can give you a light heart to ____74____ life.
Find positive things and people around you. Positive things and people can help prevent you from ____75____ a negative attitude towards life and people. You can spread ____76____ and laughter by joining organizations and visiting interesting places.
Some small actions can be ____77____ You can spread laughter by saying something kind, ____78____ or visiting a lonely person. You can remove anger with kind and soft words.
Think of ____79____ . Think _____80_____ before you speak to avoid making the situation worse. Take notice of those who do not laugh easily and try to make them happy by playing with them.
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填1个单词。
In recent times, the COVID-19 pandemic has destroyed the age-old habit of shaking hands. It is most widely used as a greeting, but when did shaking hands become the standard greeting
The handshake dates all the way back to the 9th century BC．King Shalmanesar III ruled over Assyria, an empire（帝国）of the ancient Middle East. Archaeologists（考古学家）found a throne base from that time. It shows two people holding hands. In the 5th century BC, in Greece, this was a symbol of peace, showing that neither person carried a weapon. The handshake also makes an appearance in Homer’s ancient poem, the lliad（荷马史诗）. In it, two characters “shook each other’s hands”.
However, these handshakes were not used as greetings. The earliest reference to a handshake greeting is in the 16th century novels by French writer Francois Rabelais, says Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg.
Even so, the most widely accepted theory about the handshake’s origin is that it survived through a group called the Quakers, who were devoted to equality and peace. As the movement spread, so did the handshake, eventually becoming standard among the working class in the mid-1700s.
However, this was not the case everywhere, according to Roodenburg. Some French people described it as a vulgar（平民）English greeting, so many maintained（维持） “la bise”, the traditional peck（轻吻）on two cheeks, which was widely used until the COVID-19 outbreak. In many countries, people have started touching elbows or ankles to greet each other instead of shaking hands, as this is believed to be safer.
Title: The ___81___ of handshakes
Different ___82___ ___83___ happened
In the 9th century BC A throne base found by archaeologists shows two persons ___84___ hands.
In the 5th century BC Greek people thought the handshake was a ___85___ of peace. Also, the handshake ___86___ in Homer’s lliad.
In the 16th century In Francois Rabelais’ novels the handshake was ___87___ considered as a way to greet each other.
In the mid-1700s The handshake ___88___ standard among the working class.
Shaking hands was widely used around the world ___89___ the COVID-19 outbreak. Instead, people in many countries think it’s ___90___ to touch elbows or ankles as a greeting.
阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填1个单词。
With a history of more than 2,000 years, Dragon Boat Festival, is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, falling on 5th day of the 5th month in Chinese lunar calendar.
The dragon boat race may be the highlight of the day, but eating zongzi is a close second.
Zongzi are made from sticky rice wrapped in bamboo leaves. The fillings for Zongzi are beyond imagination, meat, dried dates and salted egg yolks are among the most popular choices.
But behind the festive atmosphere, there is a sad story. The festival is held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan. He threw himself into the Miluo River in Hunan province after his mother kingdom fell into enemy rule. People threw rice and drove boats into the river to scare fish away from his body.
Then the tradition of eating zongzi and racing dragon boats began.
Another Dragon Boat Festival tradition is drinking realgar wine. In ancient times, people believed that May was a time when diseases could spread. Drinking the wine was thought to protect them from illness.
During the holiday, people also make perfume sachets（香包）which are made of cloth, ribbon or paper with traditional Chinese medicine inside. They can bring good luck and fight off bad spirits and insects.
Today, Dragon Boat Festival in the Chinese people is still a very popular festival. Country paid attention to the protection of intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产）. On May 20, 2006, the State Council approved the inclusion of the folk first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
Introduction With a history of ____91____ 2,000 years, Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China.
History People celebrate the festival to ____92____ Qu Yuan. To ____93____ the fish eating Qu Yuan’s body, people threw zongzi into the river.
____94____ Racing dragon boat It is the highlight of the day.
Eating Zongzi There are more fillings for them than you can ____95____. Meat, dried dates and salted egg yolks are among the most popular ____96____.
Drinking realgar wine People ____97____ drinking the wine can help them protect from illness.
____98____ perfume sachets Perfume sachets made of cloth, ribbon paper with traditional Chinese medicine inside can bring good luck and drive bad spirits and insects ____99____.
Importance Our country paid attention to ____100____ intangible cultural heritage.
参考答案：
1．safety 2．provide 3．using 4．Wear 5．careless 6．dangerous 7．polluted 8．Tips##Advice##Suggestions 9．Correctly 10．on
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述学生在使用实验室做实验时必须学习和遵守的实验室安全规则。
1．根据“However, lab safety matters. Lab safety rules are mainly about personal safety and proper ways to use instruments to avoid accidents inside the lab.”可知本文主要讲述学生在实验室的安全规则，故填safety。
2．根据“When students get bored with the boring classes in the classroom, the practical classes in the lab help them relax. There, students can get hands-on experience about the lessons they have learned.”可知学生们能在实验室得到有关他们学的课程的动手操作的经验，所以应是实验提供动手操作的经历，故填provide。
3．根据“Lab safety rules are mainly about personal safety and proper ways to use instruments to avoid accidents inside the lab.”可知在实验室必须正确地使用仪器以保证安全，所以应填use“使用”，by“通过”介词，后续动名词，故填using。
4．根据“ While doing experiments, you should be dressed in protective things, like gloves, safety glasses and caps.”可知做实验时，应该穿保护作用的东西，故填Wear。
5．根据“Since you are dealing with the instruments or the chemicals for the first time, you might be curious to try something new. But such activities often lead to lab dangers. So, avoid any kind of carelessness.”可知在处理化学制品时一定避免任何种类的粗心，因为可能会导致实验室危险。此处应填形容词，故填careless。
6．根据“Don’t mix the chemicals as you like. It might cause danger.”可知不要随心所欲地混合化学制品，它可能导致危险。此处应填一个形容词，故填dangerous。
7．根据“Also you should always keep a biology lab clean to avoid pollution.”可知要保持生物实验室干净，以避免污染。此处应填动词过去分词，构成被动语态，故填polluted。
8．此句后面的内容应是关于学习实验室有关事项的建议，故填Tips/Advice/Suggestions。
9．根据“You should learn about the correct using steps of expensive instruments.”可知应该学习实验设备正确的使用步骤，此处应填一个副词，故填Correctly。
10．根据“Turn off the gas as soon as you finish your experiments.”可知当完成实验时应关闭煤气即不要使煤气保持开着，故填on。
11．leave 12．Besides 13．number 14．themselves 15．which 16．must 17．stop 18．effects 19．Bone 20．Earth
【导语】本文主要讲了神舟十三号航天员要离开空间站返回地球都需要做哪些准备以及失重环境对他们身体的影响。
11．根据第一段“Before they come back to Earth in mid-April,what needs to be done before leaving the space station ”可知本文主要讲了宇航员离开空间站之前需要做什么，leave“离开”，一般现在时中复数名词后谓语动词用原形。故填leave。
12．根据第二段“For astronauts in space, they need to ‘pack’ both experimental（实验的）information and samples（样品）and their personal belongings, so they can be further researched on the Earth.”可知除了他们的个人物品意外还需要“打包”实验信息和样本。besides“除……之外（还）”，故填Besides。
13．根据第三段“The astronauts have to tidy up many objects,including goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo （货物） spacecraft...”可知宇航员需要收集很多东西，比如天舟三号货运飞船上的货物，many与a large number of同义。故填number。
14．根据第四段“Since the space station has no room service, no one helps the three astronauts to ‘clean the house’. They need to collect a great amount of waste.”可知，宇航员需要自己打扫房间，用反身代词表示自己。故填themselves。
15．根据第四段“The waste is then put into the orbital module（轨道舱）, and the orbital module burns up as it re-enters Earth’s atmosphere.”可知这些废物被放入轨道舱，轨道舱在重新进入地球大气层时燃烧，定语从句先行词为物，用关系代词which。故填which。
16．根据第五段“The three members need to make sure some items, such as gym equipment, are fixed to the walls to keep them from floating.”可知，所有的东西必须正确地被固定。must“必须”。故填must。
17．根据第五段“The three members need to make sure some items, such as gym equipment, are fixed to the walls to keep them from floating.”可知，所有的东西必须正确地被固定，以防止漂浮，keep...from与stop同义，to后跟动词原形。故填stop。
18．根据第六段“Astronauts experience microgravity（微重力） for long periods of time during their stays on the space station, which has an effect on their bodies.”可知这里主要讲了太空旅行中对人的身体的影响，effect“影响”，用可数名词复数。故填effects。
19．根据第六段“This includes a loss of fluid（体液）, muscle atrophy（萎缩）.What’s more, they lose bone.”可知第三个影响是失去骨骼。故填Bone。
20．根据最后一段“To make sure of their safe return, the three taikonauts have been doing physical exercises to train their muscles for the return to the Earth.”可知他们做体育锻炼是为了返回地球。故填Earth。
21．taught 22．1879 23．conditions 24．until 25．longer 26．joined##helped 27．over 28．largest##biggest 29．spell 30．job
【导语】本文主要讲述了字典的发展历程和新版《牛津字典》编撰者James Murray辛勤编撰字典的一生。
21．根据“At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and learned by himself while working in a bank.”可知他在工作期间“自学”，自学可以用“learn by oneself”，也可用“teach oneself”，此处是一般过去时，因此用taught。故填taught。
22．根据“The idea for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two years later, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.”可知1857年的22年后应该是1879年。故填1879。
23．根据“Murray had a place built in the garden behind his house to do his work…Often he would work by candle light into the evening.”可知Murray的工作条件很差，因此用condition，而且不止一项条件，因此用复数形式。故填conditions。
24．根据“Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o’clock and worked several hours before breakfast.”可知Murray在吃早餐前会工作好几个小时，可转换为“直到工作数个小时才吃早餐”，用“not…until”表示。故填until。
25．根据“Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was still adding words for the letter A!”可知Murray花费在《牛津字典》上的时间比他预计的要更长，因此用long的比较级longer。故填longer。
26．根据“Then others went to work with Murray, and his two daughters were among them.”可知后来其他人还有他的两个女儿和他一起工作，因此可用join或help，需变为过去式。故填joined/helped。
27．根据“It included more than 15,000 words in twelve books.”可知字典了包含了15,000多个单词，more than可替换为“over”表示“超过”。故填over。
28．根据“And you thought your English dictionary was big!”可知，这本字典是全世界最大的字典，用“big”的最高级“biggest”或者“large”的最高级“largest”。故填largest/biggest。
29．根据上文“So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same.”可知，多亏有了字典，人们才能拼写得一样。故填spell。
30．根据“After Oxford gave him the job”结合Murray的一生可知，这对于他来说不仅是一份工作，更是一段精彩的旅行。因此此处应填job。故填job。
31．hard##difficult 32．friends 33．impossible 34．improve 35．happiness##joy 36．unable 37．more 38．end 39．decision 40．successful
【导语】本文主要介绍了几种寻找幸福的方法。
31．根据“But sometimes looking for happiness can be as hard as looking for lost treasure”可知，有时候幸福是很难得到的，hard/difficult“困难的”，形容词作表语。故填hard/difficult。
32．根据“You need to make your circle（圈子）of friends and activities larger.”可知，你需要扩大你的朋友圈和活动范围，make more friends“交更多朋友”。故填friends。
33．根据“You can’t be happy if you depend on one thing or one person.”可知，如果你依赖一件事或一个人，你是不可能找到幸福的。impossible“不可能的”。故填impossible。
34．根据“Follow your strong feeling and let it guide you toward people and things that will make your life better. ”跟随你强烈的感觉，让它指引你去找那些能让你的生活变得更好的人和事，可知，要让你的心引导你去寻找那些能改善你生活的人和事。improve“改善，提高”，will后跟动词原形。故填improve。
35．根据“Day by day, you will be happier than before.”可知，这样一天天过去，你会比以前更快乐，也就是你的快乐会增长，空处应填名词作主语，happiness/joy“快乐”。故填happiness/joy。
36．根据“Try making a list of the things that seem too big to manage on your own. ”可知，试着列一张清单，把那些看起来太大而你自己无法处理的事情列出来，seem后跟形容词作表语，unable“不能”，后跟动词不定式结构。故填unable。
37．根据“You may find the list isn’t as long as you thought. You can do most of the things by yourself.”你可能会发现这个清单并没有你想象的那么长。你可以自己做大部分的事情，也就是你会地发现你能做的事情比你想象的要多。more“更多的”。故填more。
38．根据“Most of the things that prevent us from feeling happy are just some little things. Remember life is always going on, and whatever the little thing is, it will end.”可知，不管不愉快的事情是什么，大部分都会结束，end“结束”，will后跟动词原形。故填end。
39．根据“We all have a value system, a way we have decided to go through life, which makes us feel like a good person. The important thing is to remember your values when life becomes hard. Keeping your values strong will help create happiness.”可知，在你决定如何度过人生之后，要保持坚定的价值观。decide=make a decision“决定”。故填decision。
40．根据“The ways above will successfully help you to feel more of it.”可知，在这五个建议的帮助下，你将会成功获得幸福。be动词后跟形容词作表语，successful“成功的”。故填successful。
41．problem 42．living 43．by 44．harmful 45．found 46．back 47．feed##live 48．finish##do##complete 49．provided 50．helpful
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种通过植物供能的电灯，能够解决南美洲秘鲁小村庄获取电能的问题。
41．根据第一段的“Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people”，结合表格第二行右边的内容可知主要是围绕获得电能的困难展开。故填problem。
42．根据“Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America”可知是居住在Nuevo Saposoa的人们面临困难。故填living。
43．根据“things went worse in March 2017 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables(电缆) in the area”可知是暴雨摧毁了电缆，be destroyed by“被……摧毁”，用介词by。故填by。
44．根据“but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce”可知有毒气体是危险的，对人们的健康是有害的，harmful“有害的”。故填harmful。
45．根据“... plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest ...”可知在亚马逊雨林当中植物和土壤是可被找到的。故填found。
46．根据“As plants create their food ... they also produce waste which they return to the soil.”可知植物还会产生废物并返回土壤，go back“返回”。故填back。
47．根据“Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons”可知土壤里的微生物会“吃掉”废物，feed/live on“以……为食、以……为生”。故填feed/live。
48．根据“ a 50-walt LED light for two hours—enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done”可知LED灯发光持续两个小时，足够让当地的居民完成他们晚上的工作了，finish/do/complete work“完成工作”。故填finish/do/complete。
49．根据“The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017”可知这个大学将10盏植物灯给了村民，当主语变成村民的时候，可以用被动语态“be provided for”表示“被提供”。故填provided。
50．根据“... the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people”可知植物灯帮助改善很多人的生活，因而它是有帮助的，有用的。故填helpful。
51．runs 52．careful##planned 53．control 54．How##Ways 55．necessary##needed 56．differences##difference 57．well 58．left 59．choice##decision 60．fixed/unchangeable/unchanged/changeless/unchanging
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预算的定义，做预算的方法以及建议。
51．根据第一段中“Wonder why the New Year money always disappears so quickly ”可知，空格处是指钱很快花完；run out 可表示“用完”，符合句意；空格所在的句子是if引导的条件状语从句，应用一般现在时，而主语“money”为单数第三人称，所以谓语动词要用三单形式。故填runs。
52．根据第一段中“Well, this may be because you don’t plan to spend it carefully.”可知，钱很快花完也许是因为没有仔细地去计划。根据空格前的“a”以及空格后的“budget”可知，此处应填形容词，修饰“budget”；careful表示“仔细的”，planned表示“经过计划的”，均符合句意。故填careful/planned.
53．根据第二段中“A budget is a plan to control where your money goes.”可知，做预算就是要控制钱的去向；under control表示“处于控制之下”，符合句意。故填control。
54．根据右侧表格中“Have a clear idea of your weekly expenses...your wants for your needs.”可知，这里主要是阐述了做预算的方法；how表示“如何”，way表示“方式，方法”，均符合句意；因提到多种方法，所以way要用复数。故填How/Ways。
55．根据第四段中“Every week there are things we have to pay for...just for fun!”可知，每周的花销会分配在必需品和非必需品上，因此空格处提到的应该是非必需品；“that”所引导的应是定语从句，修饰“the things”，因此空格处应与“aren’t”一起表示“不需要的”；形容词necessary表示“必需的”，可作“aren’t”的表语，动词过去分词needed，可与“aren’t”构成被动语态，两者均符合句意。故填necessary/needed。
56．根据第五段中“We need to ask if we really need something or just want it...such as CDs and cartoons.”可知，我们得学会区分“需要”和“想要”；根据空格处前的“the”可知，此处应填名词；difference有“差别，不同”之意，符合句意；此处填单数和复数均可。故填differences/difference。
57．根据第六段中“List what you must spend on needs — and if there is money left over, what you will save for the things you really want.”可知，应该列出自己需要的物品，如果有结余的话，也可以列出想要的物品；因此空格处所在的短语应是表达“和，以及”之意；as well as表示“以及，此外”，符合句意。故填well。
58．根据第六段中“...and if there is money left over, what you will save for the things you really want.”以及第七段中“If you don’t have enough money for what you need and want, you may have to give up one for the other.”可知，只有在资金有结余的情况下，才考虑购买非必需品，因此空格处应表示“结余的，剩余的”之意；left可作后置定语，表示“剩余的”。故填left。
59．根据第七段中“If you don’t have enough money for what you need and want, you may have to give up one for the other.”可知，在资金不充足的情况下，得在两者间做出抉择；根据空格前的“Make a wise...”可知，空格处应填名词，表达“选择，抉择”之意；choice表示“选择”，decision表示“决定”，均符合句意。故填choice/decision。
60．根据最后一段中“Any budget will change.”可知，预算并不是一成不变的，因此空格处应表达“一成不变的”之意；fixed，unchangeable，unchanged，changeless和unchanging意思相同，表示“固定的，不变的”。故填fixed/unchangeable/unchanged/changeless/unchanging。
61．Advantages 62．eastern 63．walk 64．time##while##moment 65．like 66．cheap 67．without 68．night 69．what##anything 70．noise
【导语】本文主要讲述了寄宿家庭越来越受欢迎，介绍了三个经营寄宿家庭的家庭并告诉我们这些家庭的情况。
61．根据表格第一行“Disadvantages”并通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了寄宿家庭的情况，包括优势和劣势，与“Disadvantages”对应，首字母也要大写且用名词复数形式。故填Advantages。
62．根据“Our family home is in a small village in the east of Pakistan, in the Himalayan mountains.”可知，这个家庭在巴基斯坦东部的小村庄。in the east of“在……东部”相当于in the eastern part of。故填eastern。
63．根据“You can go for a long walk and swim in the rivers but there are no shops, cinemas or cafes.”可知，人们可以在河边散步和游泳。故填walk。
64．根据“It is about five minutes’ drive to the nearest village of Portreath. There are lots of beaches, rivers and forests and it is very quiet”可知，花很短的时间就可以到达海边，冠词a修饰名词的单数形式，花点时间“take a short time/while/moment”。故填time/while/moment。
65．根据“Our area is great for sports like surfing, kayaking and mountain biking”可知，这是做运动的好地方，像冲浪、皮划艇和山地自行车。像“like”。故填like。
66．根据“However, the houses here are expensive”可知，这的房子很贵，expensive相当于not cheap。故填cheap。
67．根据“There are no buses or trains here, so it can be difficult to get around without a car”可知，没有车很难四处走动。故填without。
68．根据“There are lots of cafes and restaurants, which open late at night”可知，晚上有许多咖啡馆和餐厅营业。故填night。
69．根据“We love it here because it’s so friendly and you can always find what you need”可知，你可以找到你所需要的东西，如果填what，find后是宾语从句；或者如果填anything，anything“任何东西”作宾语，后面是省略了that的定语从句。故填what/anything。
70．根据“However, it can be noisy at night, and there is quite a lot of traffic during the day”可知，晚上很吵，much修饰不可数名词。故填noise。
71．close 72．Spending 73．forgive 74．enjoy 75．developing 76．joy 77．helpful 78．smiling 79．others 80．carefully##twice##seriously
【导语】本文介绍了如何传播笑声。
71．根据“For this, firstly you need to find positive (乐观的) people and stick with them.”可知，要和乐观的人待在一起，close to“靠近”，故填close。
72．根据“If you are around people who are happy, you’ll become happy.”可知，和快乐的人在一起会让你快乐，spend time with sb“花费时间和某人一起”，此处作主语，用动名词，故填Spending。
73．根据“Forgiveness is also one of the best ways to spread joy and laughter.”可知，原谅也是传播快乐和笑声的最好方式之一，因此要学会原谅，learn to do sth“学会做某事”。故填forgive。
74．根据“When you forgive someone, your heart becomes light and you can begin to see the happiness and love that is all around you.”可知，当你原谅某人时，你的心会变得轻松，你会开始看到你周围的幸福和爱，因此原谅能让你轻松地享受生活，enjoy“享受”，故填enjoy。
75．根据“Because life at times is full of many disappointments (失望), many people naturally develop a negative attitude (态度) towards life and people.”可知，生活中有时充满了许多失望，许多人自然而然地对生活和对人产生了消极的态度。因此积极的事物和人可以帮助阻止你对生活和人产生消极的态度。develop“发展”，prevent sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，故填developing。
76．根据“Search for organizations that spread joy, visit places that make you laugh.”可知，你可以通过参加组织和参观有趣的地方来传播快乐和笑声。joy“快乐”，故填joy。
77．根据“A kind word, a smile on your face, or a visit to someone who feels lonely is of great help to spread laughter.”可知，一些小的行为是有帮助的，helpful“有帮助的”，故填helpful。
78．根据“A kind word, a smile on your face, or a visit to someone who feels lonely is of great help to spread laughter.”可知，你可以通过说一些友好的话、微笑或拜访一个孤独的人来传播笑声。smile“微笑”，by doing sth“通过做某事”，故填smiling。
79．根据“Last but not least, don’t always think of yourself but of others.”可知，要为别人着想，故填others。
80．根据“Before you say something, think carefully about how the person will respond (反应) to your statement.”可知，说话前要仔细考虑，以免让情况变得更糟。think carefully=think twice=think seriously“仔细考虑”，故填carefully/twice/seriously。
81．history##development 82．times##periods 83．What 84．holding 85．symbol 86．appeared 87．first 88．became 89．until 90．safer
【导语】本文介绍了握手这项古老习惯的历史。
81．根据“It is most widely used as a greeting, but when did shaking hands become the standard greeting ”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了握手这项古老习惯的历史/发展。故填history/development。
82．根据“In the 9th century BC ”，“In the 5th century BC”，“In the 16th century”和“In the mid-1700s”，这里分别介绍了不同的时期，Different后跟名词复数。故填periods/times。
83．根据表格第二列对应的内容可知，讲了不同的时期，发生了什么事情。故填What。
84．根据“Archaeologists（考古学家）found a throne base from that time. It shows two people holding hands.”可知，考古学家发现的一个王座基座上展示了两个人握着手。故填holding。
85．根据“In the 5th century BC, in Greece, this was a symbol of peace, showing that neither person carried a weapon.”可知，希腊人认为握手是和平的象征。故填symbol。
86．根据“The handshake also makes an appearance in Homer’s ancient poem, the lliad（荷马史诗）.”可知，握手也出现在《荷马史诗》中，动词使用过去式。故填appeared。
87．根据“The earliest reference to a handshake greeting is in the 16th century novels by French writer Francois Rabelais, says Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg.”可知，在弗朗索瓦·拉伯雷的小说中，握手首先被认为是相互问候的一种方式。故填first。
88．根据“As the movement spread, so did the handshake, eventually becoming standard among the working class in the mid-1700s.”可知，握手成为工人阶级的标准礼节，使用动词过去式。故填became。
89．根据“In recent times, the COVID-19 pandemic has destroyed the age-old habit of shaking hands. ”和“Some French people described it as a vulgar（平民）English greeting, so many maintained（维持） ‘la bise’, the traditional peck（轻吻）on two cheeks, which was widely used until the COVID-19 outbreak. ”可知，在新冠肺炎爆发之前，握手在世界各地被广泛使用。故填until。
90．根据“In many countries, people have started touching elbows or ankles to greet each other instead of shaking hands, as this is believed to be safer.”可知，许多国家的人认为用手肘或脚踝打招呼更安全。故填safer。
91．over 92．memorize 93．stop 94．Tradition 95．imagine 96．choices 97．think 98．Making 99．away 100．protecting
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了端午节。
91．根据“With a history of more than 2,000 years”可知，端午节有2000多年的历史。“超过”over。故填over。
92．根据“The festival is held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan”可知，端午节是为了纪念伟大诗人屈原而举行的。“纪念”memorize。故填memorize。
93．根据“People threw rice and drove boats into the river to scare fish away from his body”可知，人们往河里扔大米，把船开到河里，把鱼从他的尸体旁吓走。即为了阻止鱼吃屈原的尸体，人们往河里扔粽子。“阻止……做某事”stop...(from) doing sth.。故填stop。
94．根据“Then the tradition of eating zongzi and racing dragon boats began”可知，吃粽子、赛龙舟等都是一些端午节的传统。“传统”tradition。故填Tradition。
95．根据“The fillings for Zongzi are beyond imagination”可知，粽子的馅料是超乎想象的。“想象”imagine。故填imagine。
96．根据“meat, dried dates and salted egg yolks are among the most popular choices”可知，肉、干枣和咸蛋黄是最受欢迎的选择。故填choices。
97．根据“In ancient times...Drinking the wine was thought to protect them from illness”可知，在古代，人们认为喝雄黄酒可以预防疾病。故填think。
98．根据“During the holiday, people also make perfume sachets（香包）”可知，在节日期间，人们还会制作香包。故填Making。
99．根据“During the holiday, people also make perfume sachets（香包）which are made of cloth, ribbon or paper with traditional Chinese medicine inside. They can bring good luck and fight off bad spirits and insects”可知，在节日期间，人们还会制作香包，香包由布、丝带或纸制成，里面装有中药。它们能带来好运，击退恶鬼和昆虫，根据“drive”可知，drive...away“赶走，驱赶”。故填away。
100．根据“Country paid attention to the protection of intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产）”可知，国家重视非物质文化遗产保护，由于paid attention to中的to是介词，故空格处应用protecting。故填protecting。