2023年中考英语语法复习之 主谓一致讲解及练习（含答案）

2023年中考语法讲解 主谓一致篇
一、定义：英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称和数上保持一致。
二、三原则
（一）语法一致：指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致。
例如: 　She often helps us learn Chinese.　　她经常帮助我们学习中文。　 　　
My friends often help me learn Chinese.　我的朋友经常帮助我学习中文。
注意下列具体情况：
1、不定式，动名词，以及从句作主语时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读有助于学习英语。
What he said has been recorded .　他说的内容已经被记录下来了。
2、不定代词作主语或是修饰主语时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
Neither of my sisters likes sports .　我的两个姐姐一个也不喜欢运动。　
Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .
每个男孩儿和女孩儿都对这本书表现出了很大的兴趣。
3、专有名词作主语时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories.
《一千零一夜》给人们讲了很多有趣的故事。
4、a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
The number of workers in the factory is 400.　　　工厂里工人的数量是400人。
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.花园的一种玫瑰闻着让人心旷神怡。
5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语，或是由它们自身作主语时，应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。
On the beach, some people are playing volleyball. 在海岸上，一些人正在打排球。
Both of us are fond of watching football games.我俩都喜欢看足球比赛。
6、有些表示数量的百分数，分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。
如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of
A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday.昨天在超市，很多钱被偷了。
A lot of students are from England in the school.在学校，很多学生来自英格兰。
（二）意义一致：指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。
有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依据意义也用复数形式。而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依据意义亦用单数形式。
1、当主语后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。
The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.
老师带着所有的学生，将在这个周末去野餐。
The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.
学生们和老师一起，将在这个周末去野餐。
2、表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等词语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
如：
Eight hours of sleep is enough.8小时的睡眠是足够的。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.在人的一生中，20年代表着很长一个时期。
3、形容词前加定冠词即"the + 形容词"作主语时:
①指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；
②指一类人则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
如:The sick here are very well cared for.在这儿的病人被照顾得很好。
The true is to be distinguished from the false.要明辨是非。
4、由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时:
①谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数；
②如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：The writer and teacher is coming.（指这个人既是作家也是老师。）
The writer and the teacher are coming.（指一位作家和一位老师，两个人。）
5、集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义。
这类集体名词常见的有:army, class, club, crowd, family, government, group, people, police, public, team等。
如：The family are all fond of football.（指一家人）
The family is the tiniest cell of the society.（指一个家庭）
6、一些形式为复数，意思为单数的名词，如:trousers, pants, shorts, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如:Her glasses are new. 　
注意：但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词应用单数。
如:This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou.
（三）就近原则：指谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。
常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or,either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等.
如:Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 　　
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.
专项练习
1.Look!Jack and his monkey flying disk together in the garden now.
A.is playing B.was playing C.are playing D.were playing
2.The news very interesting!Tell me more!
A.is B.are C.were D.being
3.There some milk and two eggs on the table.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
4.This pair of pants mine.Yours may on the bed.
A.is;be B.are;be C.are;are D.is;is
5.Everyman and every woman at work.
A.be B.are C.is D.am
6.The summer holidays are coming,so the twins as well as Jack to Yunnan for vacation.
A.is going B.are going C.goes D.go
7.There three bottles of wine on the table.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
8.—I called you at 5：00 yesterday afternoon,but no one answered.
—Sorry,I with my parents at that time.
A.was shopping B.were shopping C.are shopping D.went shopping
9.Everyone except Tom and John seen the film.
A.is B.has C.are D.have
10.Both Jim and Kate in Beijing now.They both from America，
A.is;come B.are;come C.is;comes D.are;comes
11.Either Sam or Jane TV now.
A.were watching B.are watching C.is watching D.was watching
12.How many girls are there in your class — them over twenty.
A.A number of;are B.The number of;are
C.A number of;is D.The number of;is
13.—How much the pair of shoes —Twenty dollars enough.
A.is;is B.is;are C.are;is D.are;are
14.—Which would you like，tea or coffee
—Either OK,but I prefer coffee milk.
A.is;has B.are;with C.is;with D.are;has
15.One or two friends coming to visit me tonight.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
16.We know that doing exercise good for our health.
A.be B.am C.is D.are
17.Not only my friends but also I interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A.be B.am C.is D.are
18.What I want to say that we should concentrate on our study.
A.be B.is C.are D.am
19.One of the women from America.
A.is B.are C.has D.being
20.—What do you think of the talent show of last weekend
—Wonderful!There a large number of people there.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
21.Tom with other boys to go and a game.
A.want;watch B.wants;watches C.wants;watch D.want;to watch
22.Nobody except Tom and Mary in the classroom.The other students are watching the basketball game on the playground now.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
23.Neither Alan nor I interested in the project.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
24.The shoes mine.This pair of shoes my brother's.
A.are;is B.is;are C.are;are D.are;am
25.—Two months quite along time.
—Yes.I'm afraid that Tony will miss a lot of lessons.
A.is B.has been C.was D.were
参考答案：
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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