中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
读后续写技能训：修辞改装法（解析版）
Part 1修辞改装法
今天我要分享的主题是：如何用三种修辞手法来升级我们的句子。
适当的修辞可以让我们的句子增光添彩。试着比较一下，下面两个句子：
第1个句子：Jenny was very happy. （Jenny很开心。）
第2个句子：Jenny couldn't resist her inner joy, flying into the door like a bird.
（Jenny控制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。）
是不是感觉第二个用了比喻后，Jenny开心的画面跃然纸上，非常生动。今天我们这节课，就学习简单的几个修辞手法的技巧，分别是比喻，拟人和夸张。这三种在我们的读后续写中，用的较多。
第一种修辞：比喻
Simile明喻
俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。 如：
The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
开满樱花的乡村，看起来有如粉红雪铺满地。
The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。
The scenery along the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a beautiful landscape painting.
桂林漓江的沿途风景就像一幅美丽的山水画。
His heart is as hard as a stone.
他铁石心肠。
Her soul is as pure as snow.
她的心灵纯洁无比。
认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由(as) ... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
●和as … as … 相关的词块积累：
as soft as water 柔情似水
as pure as snow 纯净如雪
as clear as crystal 清如水晶
as weak as water 软弱无力，弱不禁风
as unique as a fingerprint 独一无二
as drunk as a mouse 烂醉如泥
●和like相关的词块积累：
like a duck to water 如鱼得水
like a drowned cat 落汤鸡
like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁
like a rat in a hole 如瓮中之鳖
Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
暗喻（metaphor）也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。无需借助比喻词，直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。例如：
Life is a ship on the ocean meeting both sunny days and stormy days.
生活是一艘在海上航行的船，既会遇到晴天，也会遇到暴风雨天。
Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.
笑是驱走人们脸上寒意的太阳。
She is going through a roller coaster of emotions.
她正经历着情感的过山车。
At once, the Eastern and Western Chang’an Roads became roaring oceans.
霎时间，东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。
由以上各例可知，暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。暗喻时，比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄，猛一看它们毫无关系，实际却有着某种内在联系。
素材积累：
a bed of roses 安乐窝
clean hands 两袖清风
curtain-lecture 枕头风
like mushroom 雨后春笋
mushroom fame 一夜成名
a mushroom millionaire 暴发户
Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。
以容器代替内容，例如：
The kettle boils. 水开了。
The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。
以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。
以作者代替作品，例如：
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
Synecdoche提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。
例如：
There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
他的厂里约有100名工人。
He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿。
The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。
比喻将具有具备共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。分为明喻和暗喻。他们之间有什么区别呢？请看下面两个句子。
(明喻) Shenzhen is like a melting pot where new ideas are mixed.深圳就像一个混合了新想法的大熔炉。
(隐喻,暗喻) Shenzhen is a melting pot where new ideas are mixed.深圳是一个混合了新思想的大熔炉。
说通俗点儿，明喻就是用明确的标志词来表达比喻。这些标志词就是“比喻词”。经常有：like, as, as…as, as if。而暗喻中找不出像like, as之类的喻词，通常直接用“be, become等词”。
我们来看2021年1月高考浙江卷，故事中的“我”万圣节中遇到尴尬事，头被卡在了南瓜里，请看下面的描写：Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork forced into a bottle.意思是“最后，我把整个头放进了里面，就像软木塞进了瓶子里。”这个句子中，就用到了明喻，“like a cork forced into a bottle”像软木塞进了瓶子里。出现了比喻词“like”。
再看一个例子
2018年高考读后续写，讲的是作者和朋友一起骑车游玩，途中遇狼的故事。请看下面的句子：Paul looked out the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac’s bike as if it were a kill. 意思是“保罗从后窗望出去，看见那只狼站在麦克的自行车上，好像是要杀人似的。”这句话也用到了明喻，比喻词是“好像as if”。
我们再来看几个例句：
如果你要形容“她”笑得很美，你会怎么写呢？请看这一句：The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
当我们要表达“悲伤”的时候，就可以用下面这句了。肯定要比” I am sad”要有感觉：I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我感觉自己像漂浮在悲伤的海洋中。
如果我们要表达一个人的脸很冰凉，你会怎么写呢？你可能会用His face was cold.在这里，我们可以用上之前讲解过的“动作细化”原则，再加上今天学习的比喻，我们看看这个句子的效果如何？I reached out to touch her face, which was as cold as the ice. 我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样冰冷。
如果你要描写一个女孩的头发很好看，“She has beautiful hair.”实在太普通，请看这句： Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders. 她的头发是一条流淌的金色河流，顺着她的肩膀流淌。
你是不是要感叹：没有对比就没有伤害啊！
第二种修辞：拟人
“拟人”，就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化，在读后续写中,使用拟人的修辞手法,可以达到增强语言感染力的效果,使描绘对象栩栩如生、活灵活现。比如这一句Stars winked at me in a darkening sky.夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。把“星星”比作人，可以向我眨眼睛，这个写作手法和我们汉语中“拟人”是一样的。
比如要表达“森林里很黑”，你当然可以用The forest is very dark.或者It’s dark in the forest.如果把这个自然现象当作人来描写，句子立刻生动起来。Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.顷刻间，黑暗统治了森林。“黑暗”是没有生命力的，但是赋予了它“统治”这个动作后，句子变得生动有趣了。关于这点，我们在讲解“无灵主语”这个概念的时候，也提到过，感兴趣的同学，可以回到那节课再复习一遍。
我们来看下面两句：
The church has witnessed the city's changes in the past 20 years.这个教堂目睹了这个城市20年的变化。
Birds on the tree are singing a beautiful song.树上的小鸟在树上唱着美妙的歌曲。
“教堂”像人一样去“目睹”，“小鸟”像人一样“歌唱”。“拟人”的写作手法是不是很简单。同学们快用起来吧！
例句：
The thunder clapped angrily in the distance.
雷声在远处怒吼着。
The sun looks over the mountain’s rim.
太阳挂在山边。
The city gradually began to breathe again.
城市渐渐开始恢复生机。
The wind howled in the night.
夜里狂风怒吼。
The flowers / The curtains danced in the gentle breeze.
花儿/窗帘在微风中翩翩起舞。
The candle flame danced in the dark.
蜡烛的火焰在黑暗中跳动。
The moon is always so bright and bright, so people praise it with all kinds of words. As time goes on, the moon becomes proud.
月亮总是那么皎洁明亮,所以人们便用各种各样的词汇_赞美它,时间一长,月亮就骄傲起来。
I'm very shy, please don't touch me!
我很怕羞,请别碰我!
Outside the window, the wind blows the bamboo forest, playing a wonderful song. .
窗外,风吹竹林,奏响一支美妙的歌。
The flowers in the garden all lowered their proud heads.
花园里的花朵都低下了高傲的头。
The bridge stood there like an old man of high moral standing.
小桥如一位德高望重的老人站着那里。
The beetles were carrying sand, exhausted one by one.
甲虫们在搬运沙子,一个个累得筋疲力尽。
A yellow Oriole was crying freely on a stage-like tree.
一个黄鹂在如同舞台般的树上自在的叫着。
The birch forest was blown by the wind and sang a song.
白桦林被风吹得唱起了歌谣。
When the spring breeze blew, the wicker changed into a green dress.
春风一吹,柳条换上了绿色的长装。
第三种修辞：夸张
夸张的修辞手法就是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。 比如下面两句情感描写：
第一句：My heart was broken 我心碎了。
第二句：My heart broke in about a million pieces.我的心碎了大约一百万块。
我的“心”当然不会“碎”，更不可能碎成“百万片million pieces”。但是“夸张”的手法，让我们感受到了对方的痛苦之深。
我们再来看下面一句，如果你要体现天气非常冷，你会怎么表达？
好了，我已经猜到了，难道是it’s very cold.请看下面的句子：It was so cold that…When the men spoke, their words froze in the air. Everything they said remained frozen all winter long, and did not melt until spring.天是如此之冷，以致于人们说话时，他们的话在空中冻结。他们说的一切在整个冬天都冻结着，直到春天才会融化。
在2018年高考真题中，有这么一个场景：“我”迷路的过程中，突然一只兔子跳了出来，如果要表达“我被惊吓到了”，你会怎么写呢？I was scared当然也没有问题，如果用上夸张的修辞手法，效果立刻不一样？The rabbit made me jump out of my skin. 意思是“这只兔子吓得我魂不附体。”我的“魂”竟然从皮肤里跳了出来jump out of my skin，是不是很夸张！
我们再来看下面三个句子，它们都使用了“夸张”的写作手法，我们一起来感受一下它们的魅力吧！
①My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter's voice on the phone. 从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。
②I was so hungry that I could eat a horse.我很饿以致于可以吃掉一只马。
③When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.当她听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。
例句：
My gray hair can make a long long rope.
白发三千丈。
When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。
Her appearance fairly took my breath away.
她的美貌令我神魂颠倒。
其他修辞法：
Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如：
The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。
Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝Mozart的音乐。
Parallelism 排比, 平行
排比（parallelism）：是由两个或两个以上短语或句子构成，其并列的结构相同或类似，意思相关，语气连贯，使得句子读起来流畅，富有节奏感。
Reading makes us wise and exercises make us strong.
读书使我们睿智，锻炼使我们强健。
To succeed in life, you need to take advantage of opportunities and to follow your dreams.
要想在生活中获得成功，你需要抓住机会，追随你的梦想。
This is not only just what I wanted, but also what I needed.
这不仅是我想要的，也是我需要的。
《双城记》的一段话
lt was the best of times, and it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, and it was the age of foolishness. It was the epoch of belief, and it was the epoch of incredulity. It was the season of light, and it was the season of darkness. lt was the spring of hope, and it was the winter of despair.
这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代；是智慧的时代，也是愚蠢的时代；是信仰的时代，也是怀疑的时代；是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节；是充满希望的春天，也是令人绝望的冬天。
Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶，避讳的话。
例如：
He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下。
His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽。
Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为"换个方式的说法"。它是一种形象的描述，具有双重性，表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。
例如：
Make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味：趁热打铁
It's time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑
Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式，如在指责过失、错误时，用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时，则近乎责难的说法。
例如：
It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)
"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.“当然，您只带大钞，没有零钱。”服务员对乞丐说。
Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义，借题发挥。作出多种解释，旁敲侧击，从而达到意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果，它主要以相似的词形、词意和谐音的方式出现。
例如：
She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.低她太矮小，经不起高度的赞扬；皮肤黝黑，经不起白皙的赞扬；个子太瘦小，经不起大的赞扬。
An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. 大使是一个诚实的人，为了国家的利益而在国外撒谎。
If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately. 如果我们不团结在一起，我们应该分开。
Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言、警句、谚语，改动其中部分词语，从而使其产生新意的修辞。
例如：
Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的，而是以疑问为手段，取得修辞上的效果，其特点是：肯定问句表示强烈否定，而否定问句表示强烈的肯定，它的答案往往是不言而喻的。
例如：
How was it possible target=_blank class=info text key>possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note
Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered
Predawn lamplight, bright as it is, can never outshine the majestic rising sun.佛晓前的灯光，尽管明亮，但怎能同刚出来的磅礴的晨曦争胜呢？
Isn’t it unfair to forget appreciating myself while appreciating others 只懂得欣赏别人而忘了欣赏自己，岂不是太不公平了？
Isn’t it true that without doing manual labour, we couldn’t even keep a single flower alive 不劳动，连棵花儿也养不活，这难道不是真理么？
Contrast对照,对比,对偶
对比（contrast）：巧妙地运用对比，可以突出作者想要强调的内容或情感。
Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.
很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上很富裕，但精神上却很贫乏。
Everyone in the classroom was chatting happily while Refael sat alone, at a loss.
教室里的每个人都在开心地聊天，而拉斐尔却一个人坐在那里不知所措.
Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. Never in all San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on that terrible night.
历史上，从来没有一个城市被如此彻底摧毁过。历史上，旧金山人民从来没有像在那个可怕的夜晚中那样宽容善良过。
Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction — east, west, north and south, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city.
海上风平浪静，没有风。然而，从四面八方——东南西北来的强风都吹向这座不幸的城市。
Paradox 隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾，但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法，是一种矛盾修辞法。
例如：
More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。
The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大，四岁看老。
Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。
例如：
No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见。
The state of this house is cheerless welcome.这所房子的状况令人沮丧。
Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小、轻重、深浅、高低等逐层渐进，最后达到顶点.，可以增强语势，逐渐加深读者印象。
例如：
I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法，将一系列词语由大到小，由强到弱地排列。
例如：
On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
Repetition反复
反复是把词、词组、从句等进行有意识的重复，以达到强调的效果。例如：
For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.
三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。
The trees were blown down, the billboards were blown down and the houses were blown down, some of which even lay in pieces.
树木被吹倒了，广告牌被吹倒了，房子被吹倒了，甚至有些摔成碎片。
Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now it is the time to work hard for the future.
现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了。
Watch your thoughts, for they become your words;
Watch your words, for they become your actions;
Watch your actions, for they become your habits;
Watch your habits, for they become your character;
Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny.
注意你的思想，因为他们变成你所说的话；
注意你的言语，因为他们变成你的行动；
注意你的行动，因为他们变成你的习惯；
注意你的习惯，因为他们变成你的个性；
注意你的个性，因为它变成你的命运。
Part 2 翻译练习
（第一组）
1.“想试试吗 ”我说，碰了碰玛丽娜的手。“好吧，”玛丽娜用她那尖利、不确定的声音说。
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2.“你不用着急。慢慢来，”我温和地说。她的整个脸顿时变得明亮起来，肩膀也放松了。
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3. Derek补充道：“我讨厌看到他生病，我知道需要做些什么才能让他恢复健康。”
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4. 她接着说，“我紧紧地拥抱着他们，感觉到自己内心突然有了一种力量……”。
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5. “从来没有人投诉过我，”感到受辱的那名医生宣称。
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6.“诸位，这是一个钱的问题，”我郑重其事地说。
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（第二组）
他自豪地回答说：“我可以带我的家人去看马戏了。”
______________________________________________________________________________2.“我觉得你在抛弃我。”她痛苦地回答。
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（第三组）
1.“你还是需要好好休息一下。”我建议道。
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2.“他和斯坦夫人有个计划，” 她解释说。
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3. 妈妈提醒我：“一切都会好起来的。”
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4.“我们明年会回来的，”他承诺道。
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5.“暂时不要采取行动，”他警告说，“太危险。”
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（第四组）
1.“他还活着，”Bettie坚持说。“但除非他把药列在单子上，否则他活不了多久。”
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2.“我以为我们可以成为朋友，”他抱怨道。
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3.“...但当这个可怜的男孩没有被选中时，我崩溃了，”他承认。
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4.罗先生用红边的眼睛安慰他说：“我也会想你的。”
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（第五组）
1.“不，不，”我抽泣着说。泪水模糊了我的视线。“很好，真的，”我叫道，“拿去吧。”
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2.我打开窗户大声向对面喊道：“我知道我们以前见过面，但我不记得在哪里。”
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3.车上的女人跳了出来，尖叫着，“你这个白痴！你为什么不看看你要去哪里？”
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4.“起来把你的钱和珠宝给我！”那人喊道。
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5. 她叹了口气，“你打碎了我们的明花瓶。”
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6.“你真漂亮，”我低声说，我的舌头勉强配合。
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（第六组）
1. 他真诚地为他所做的事情道歉。
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2.突然，妈妈尖叫道：“我的钱包哪里去了？”
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3.老人躺在冰冷的地上，痛苦地呻吟着。
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4.“晚安”妈妈在Mike的耳边轻声说，轻轻地离开了房间。
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5.她扶起老人，耐心地安慰他。
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6. 他大口大口地喘着气，把这个令人激动的消息告诉了村民。
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Part 3 综合演练【模拟题】
读后续写模拟专练
读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I am Sadie. I love oceans, especially the one near my grandma's house with beautiful shells. Why That's what I am about to tell you.
It all started when my parents divorced a few weeks ago. I had remained silent since then. So my mother decided to send me to Florida to live with my grandma.
On the way to my grandma’s house, my mother said, “Sadie, I know we are not the best family you can have and I truly apologize. I just do not know how to be a mother. But remember, Sadie, whatever happened, I do love you." These words made me sadder.
When we arrived, Grandma told me to go upstairs and unpack my things while she spoke to my mother. When I saw a blue and green painted room with a huge window and a comfortable bed, I thought, Moving to Florida might not be that bad." I comforted my-self as I walked towards the window. I opened the curtains and saw sky-blue waves slowly washing away the sand on the beach and sea birds flying in the clear sky. The ocean was only a few hundred meters away from here.
After my mother left, Grandma softly touched my shoulder, “I want to take you to the place I called 'the Big Blue’. And I think you might like it." (I guess you could know where it is.)
Before I stepped on the sand I could smell the ocean. Together we enjoyed the sunset with a whole lot of yellow and orange. Suddenly she picked out the most beautiful shell I had ever seen in my life. It was almost gold, shining in the sunlight. I couldn’t move my eyes off it.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的同数应为150左右;
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你好;
4. 续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键短语
Paragraph 1:
"Want to know how I get through my parents' divorce " Grandma asked.
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Paragraph 2:
"The beautiful shells here gave me the courage to live on,” Grandma said.
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翻译小练习：
1. 她对我笑了笑，接着说：“在那些日子里，我感到非常悲伤，因为我的父母都不关心我，这让我想结束我的生命。
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2. 但最后，我没有那样做。为了消磨时间，我总是去海滩（我叫它“大蓝”）。
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3. 令我吃惊的是，我发现海滩上有这么漂亮的贝壳。
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4. “亲爱的，你还是很开心。虽然你父母离婚了，但他们都爱你。
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5. 你妈妈今天早上给我打电话，告诉我你喜欢海洋。
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6. 所以，我带你来了。我也希望你能得到鼓舞和勇气。
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7. 听到这话，我抬头望着蓝天和浩瀚的大海。
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8. 突然间，我觉得有点放松和自然，并坚信我一定要振作起来，就像最美丽的贝壳，充满色彩。
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（2022·湖南·一模）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When a tornado hit a small town nearby, many families were left homeless. Afterward, all the local newspapers carried stories of the families who suffered the hardest to appeal to people’s attention and assistance.
One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of a mobile home, a depressed expression on her face. A young boy, seven or eight years old. stood at her side, eyes downcast. Hiding behind her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, wide eyes with confusion and fear. The article below gave clothing sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my seven-year-old twins. Brad and Brett, and three-year-old Meghan to help those less fortunate than themselves.
“We have so much. And these poor people now have nothing” I said. “We’ll share what we have with them,” I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them in the living room. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods. While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. The boys were pleased to join. Brad rose and went to his room fast. He came back bringing his action figures that he played with not so frequently. Brett also jumped up and ran to fetch some of his Matchbox cars and airplane models. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up abandoned toys.
The boys placed the objects they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, best-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. “I’ll help you find something for the little girl, too.” I said to the little Meghan.
Para. 1:
“Mommy, I will give Lucy to them,” Meghan turned to me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para. 2:
Recognizing what little Meghan’s gesture meant, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.
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（2022·辽宁大连·模拟预测）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was dark, cold and raining on December 24. James left his office and walked slowly across the street to the parking place. He was very tired. He took out his car key and put down his umbrella. He put the key into the lock and turned it. Nothing happened. The door would not open. Then James realized that it was the wrong car. His car was red, but this one was dark blue. “Oh dear! I must have parked in a different place this morning,” thought he. Putting up his umbrella, he set off to look for his car. The rain poured down and the evening got colder and colder.
Having walked round all the side streets, James didn’t find his car. He was exhausted and angry. “Someone must have stolen my car,” he thought. “Now I shall have to go to the police station and report it.” The policeman there was very helpful. He wrote down a description of James car and then took his address and telephone number. As James was leaving, the policeman wished him a merry Christmas.
“Christmas!” thought James. “Oh no! I’ve forgotten all about Christmas. I haven’t bought my wife a present and now all the shops are shut. What shall I do ” When waiting for the bus, he got wetter and more miserable (难受的). He had no umbrella and the rain flowed down into his collar. He felt like bursting into tears.
When James got home, he found his wife standing on a chair and looking for something in a very high cupboard. “What are you doing, Jessica ” he asked. “The big gold star for the Christmas tree,” Jessica replied. “Just a moment. I’ll go into the garage (车库) and fetch the stepladder (梯子) for you,” said James. When James saw .the well-decorated Christmas tree and lots of presents under it, he felt even more unhappy. “What a lovely tree!” he thought as he went downstairs, “I haven’t even got one present for Jessica. I’ve lost my car and I’m completely wet. I must have lost my umbrella, too.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As James opened the garage door, he spotted something, frozen in amazement.
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Pleased to know his car was there, James entered the room with the present.
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21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
读后续写技能训：修辞改装法（解析版）
Part 1修辞改装法
今天我要分享的主题是：如何用三种修辞手法来升级我们的句子。
适当的修辞可以让我们的句子增光添彩。试着比较一下，下面两个句子：
第1个句子：Jenny was very happy. （Jenny很开心。）
第2个句子：Jenny couldn't resist her inner joy, flying into the door like a bird.
（Jenny控制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。）
是不是感觉第二个用了比喻后，Jenny开心的画面跃然纸上，非常生动。今天我们这节课，就学习简单的几个修辞手法的技巧，分别是比喻，拟人和夸张。这三种在我们的读后续写中，用的较多。
第一种修辞：比喻
Simile明喻
俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。 如：
The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
开满樱花的乡村，看起来有如粉红雪铺满地。
The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。
The scenery along the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a beautiful landscape painting.
桂林漓江的沿途风景就像一幅美丽的山水画。
His heart is as hard as a stone.
他铁石心肠。
Her soul is as pure as snow.
她的心灵纯洁无比。
认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由(as) ... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
●和as … as … 相关的词块积累：
as soft as water 柔情似水
as pure as snow 纯净如雪
as clear as crystal 清如水晶
as weak as water 软弱无力，弱不禁风
as unique as a fingerprint 独一无二
as drunk as a mouse 烂醉如泥
●和like相关的词块积累：
like a duck to water 如鱼得水
like a drowned cat 落汤鸡
like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁
like a rat in a hole 如瓮中之鳖
Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
暗喻（metaphor）也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。无需借助比喻词，直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。例如：
Life is a ship on the ocean meeting both sunny days and stormy days.
生活是一艘在海上航行的船，既会遇到晴天，也会遇到暴风雨天。
Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.
笑是驱走人们脸上寒意的太阳。
She is going through a roller coaster of emotions.
她正经历着情感的过山车。
At once, the Eastern and Western Chang’an Roads became roaring oceans.
霎时间，东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。
由以上各例可知，暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。暗喻时，比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄，猛一看它们毫无关系，实际却有着某种内在联系。
素材积累：
a bed of roses 安乐窝
clean hands 两袖清风
curtain-lecture 枕头风
like mushroom 雨后春笋
mushroom fame 一夜成名
a mushroom millionaire 暴发户
Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。
以容器代替内容，例如：
The kettle boils. 水开了。
The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。
以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。
以作者代替作品，例如：
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
Synecdoche提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。
例如：
There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
他的厂里约有100名工人。
He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿。
The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。
比喻将具有具备共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。分为明喻和暗喻。他们之间有什么区别呢？请看下面两个句子。
(明喻) Shenzhen is like a melting pot where new ideas are mixed.深圳就像一个混合了新想法的大熔炉。
(隐喻,暗喻) Shenzhen is a melting pot where new ideas are mixed.深圳是一个混合了新思想的大熔炉。
说通俗点儿，明喻就是用明确的标志词来表达比喻。这些标志词就是“比喻词”。经常有：like, as, as…as, as if。而暗喻中找不出像like, as之类的喻词，通常直接用“be, become等词”。
我们来看2021年1月高考浙江卷，故事中的“我”万圣节中遇到尴尬事，头被卡在了南瓜里，请看下面的描写：Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork forced into a bottle.意思是“最后，我把整个头放进了里面，就像软木塞进了瓶子里。”这个句子中，就用到了明喻，“like a cork forced into a bottle”像软木塞进了瓶子里。出现了比喻词“like”。
再看一个例子
2018年高考读后续写，讲的是作者和朋友一起骑车游玩，途中遇狼的故事。请看下面的句子：Paul looked out the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac’s bike as if it were a kill. 意思是“保罗从后窗望出去，看见那只狼站在麦克的自行车上，好像是要杀人似的。”这句话也用到了明喻，比喻词是“好像as if”。
我们再来看几个例句：
如果你要形容“她”笑得很美，你会怎么写呢？请看这一句：The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
当我们要表达“悲伤”的时候，就可以用下面这句了。肯定要比” I am sad”要有感觉：I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我感觉自己像漂浮在悲伤的海洋中。
如果我们要表达一个人的脸很冰凉，你会怎么写呢？你可能会用His face was cold.在这里，我们可以用上之前讲解过的“动作细化”原则，再加上今天学习的比喻，我们看看这个句子的效果如何？I reached out to touch her face, which was as cold as the ice. 我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样冰冷。
如果你要描写一个女孩的头发很好看，“She has beautiful hair.”实在太普通，请看这句： Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders. 她的头发是一条流淌的金色河流，顺着她的肩膀流淌。
你是不是要感叹：没有对比就没有伤害啊！
第二种修辞：拟人
“拟人”，就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化，在读后续写中,使用拟人的修辞手法,可以达到增强语言感染力的效果,使描绘对象栩栩如生、活灵活现。比如这一句Stars winked at me in a darkening sky.夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。把“星星”比作人，可以向我眨眼睛，这个写作手法和我们汉语中“拟人”是一样的。
比如要表达“森林里很黑”，你当然可以用The forest is very dark.或者It’s dark in the forest.如果把这个自然现象当作人来描写，句子立刻生动起来。Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.顷刻间，黑暗统治了森林。“黑暗”是没有生命力的，但是赋予了它“统治”这个动作后，句子变得生动有趣了。关于这点，我们在讲解“无灵主语”这个概念的时候，也提到过，感兴趣的同学，可以回到那节课再复习一遍。
我们来看下面两句：
The church has witnessed the city's changes in the past 20 years.这个教堂目睹了这个城市20年的变化。
Birds on the tree are singing a beautiful song.树上的小鸟在树上唱着美妙的歌曲。
“教堂”像人一样去“目睹”，“小鸟”像人一样“歌唱”。“拟人”的写作手法是不是很简单。同学们快用起来吧！
例句：
The thunder clapped angrily in the distance.
雷声在远处怒吼着。
The sun looks over the mountain’s rim.
太阳挂在山边。
The city gradually began to breathe again.
城市渐渐开始恢复生机。
The wind howled in the night.
夜里狂风怒吼。
The flowers / The curtains danced in the gentle breeze.
花儿/窗帘在微风中翩翩起舞。
The candle flame danced in the dark.
蜡烛的火焰在黑暗中跳动。
The moon is always so bright and bright, so people praise it with all kinds of words. As time goes on, the moon becomes proud.
月亮总是那么皎洁明亮,所以人们便用各种各样的词汇_赞美它,时间一长,月亮就骄傲起来。
I'm very shy, please don't touch me!
我很怕羞,请别碰我!
Outside the window, the wind blows the bamboo forest, playing a wonderful song. .
窗外,风吹竹林,奏响一支美妙的歌。
The flowers in the garden all lowered their proud heads.
花园里的花朵都低下了高傲的头。
The bridge stood there like an old man of high moral standing.
小桥如一位德高望重的老人站着那里。
The beetles were carrying sand, exhausted one by one.
甲虫们在搬运沙子,一个个累得筋疲力尽。
A yellow Oriole was crying freely on a stage-like tree.
一个黄鹂在如同舞台般的树上自在的叫着。
The birch forest was blown by the wind and sang a song.
白桦林被风吹得唱起了歌谣。
When the spring breeze blew, the wicker changed into a green dress.
春风一吹,柳条换上了绿色的长装。
第三种修辞：夸张
夸张的修辞手法就是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。 比如下面两句情感描写：
第一句：My heart was broken 我心碎了。
第二句：My heart broke in about a million pieces.我的心碎了大约一百万块。
我的“心”当然不会“碎”，更不可能碎成“百万片million pieces”。但是“夸张”的手法，让我们感受到了对方的痛苦之深。
我们再来看下面一句，如果你要体现天气非常冷，你会怎么表达？
好了，我已经猜到了，难道是it’s very cold.请看下面的句子：It was so cold that…When the men spoke, their words froze in the air. Everything they said remained frozen all winter long, and did not melt until spring.天是如此之冷，以致于人们说话时，他们的话在空中冻结。他们说的一切在整个冬天都冻结着，直到春天才会融化。
在2018年高考真题中，有这么一个场景：“我”迷路的过程中，突然一只兔子跳了出来，如果要表达“我被惊吓到了”，你会怎么写呢？I was scared当然也没有问题，如果用上夸张的修辞手法，效果立刻不一样？The rabbit made me jump out of my skin. 意思是“这只兔子吓得我魂不附体。”我的“魂”竟然从皮肤里跳了出来jump out of my skin，是不是很夸张！
我们再来看下面三个句子，它们都使用了“夸张”的写作手法，我们一起来感受一下它们的魅力吧！
①My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter's voice on the phone. 从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。
②I was so hungry that I could eat a horse.我很饿以致于可以吃掉一只马。
③When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.当她听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。
例句：
My gray hair can make a long long rope.
白发三千丈。
When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。
Her appearance fairly took my breath away.
她的美貌令我神魂颠倒。
其他修辞法：
Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如：
The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。
Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝Mozart的音乐。
Parallelism 排比, 平行
排比（parallelism）：是由两个或两个以上短语或句子构成，其并列的结构相同或类似，意思相关，语气连贯，使得句子读起来流畅，富有节奏感。
Reading makes us wise and exercises make us strong.
读书使我们睿智，锻炼使我们强健。
To succeed in life, you need to take advantage of opportunities and to follow your dreams.
要想在生活中获得成功，你需要抓住机会，追随你的梦想。
This is not only just what I wanted, but also what I needed.
这不仅是我想要的，也是我需要的。
《双城记》的一段话
lt was the best of times, and it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, and it was the age of foolishness. It was the epoch of belief, and it was the epoch of incredulity. It was the season of light, and it was the season of darkness. lt was the spring of hope, and it was the winter of despair.
这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代；是智慧的时代，也是愚蠢的时代；是信仰的时代，也是怀疑的时代；是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节；是充满希望的春天，也是令人绝望的冬天。
Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶，避讳的话。
例如：
He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下。
His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽。
Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为"换个方式的说法"。它是一种形象的描述，具有双重性，表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。
例如：
Make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味：趁热打铁
It's time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑
Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式，如在指责过失、错误时，用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时，则近乎责难的说法。
例如：
It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)
"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.“当然，您只带大钞，没有零钱。”服务员对乞丐说。
Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义，借题发挥。作出多种解释，旁敲侧击，从而达到意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果，它主要以相似的词形、词意和谐音的方式出现。
例如：
She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.低她太矮小，经不起高度的赞扬；皮肤黝黑，经不起白皙的赞扬；个子太瘦小，经不起大的赞扬。
An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. 大使是一个诚实的人，为了国家的利益而在国外撒谎。
If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately. 如果我们不团结在一起，我们应该分开。
Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言、警句、谚语，改动其中部分词语，从而使其产生新意的修辞。
例如：
Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的，而是以疑问为手段，取得修辞上的效果，其特点是：肯定问句表示强烈否定，而否定问句表示强烈的肯定，它的答案往往是不言而喻的。
例如：
How was it possible target=_blank class=info text key>possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note
Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered
Predawn lamplight, bright as it is, can never outshine the majestic rising sun.佛晓前的灯光，尽管明亮，但怎能同刚出来的磅礴的晨曦争胜呢？
Isn’t it unfair to forget appreciating myself while appreciating others 只懂得欣赏别人而忘了欣赏自己，岂不是太不公平了？
Isn’t it true that without doing manual labour, we couldn’t even keep a single flower alive 不劳动，连棵花儿也养不活，这难道不是真理么？
Contrast对照,对比,对偶
对比（contrast）：巧妙地运用对比，可以突出作者想要强调的内容或情感。
Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.
很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上很富裕，但精神上却很贫乏。
Everyone in the classroom was chatting happily while Refael sat alone, at a loss.
教室里的每个人都在开心地聊天，而拉斐尔却一个人坐在那里不知所措.
Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. Never in all San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on that terrible night.
历史上，从来没有一个城市被如此彻底摧毁过。历史上，旧金山人民从来没有像在那个可怕的夜晚中那样宽容善良过。
Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction — east, west, north and south, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city.
海上风平浪静，没有风。然而，从四面八方——东南西北来的强风都吹向这座不幸的城市。
Paradox 隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾，但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法，是一种矛盾修辞法。
例如：
More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。
The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大，四岁看老。
Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。
例如：
No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见。
The state of this house is cheerless welcome.这所房子的状况令人沮丧。
Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小、轻重、深浅、高低等逐层渐进，最后达到顶点.，可以增强语势，逐渐加深读者印象。
例如：
I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法，将一系列词语由大到小，由强到弱地排列。
例如：
On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
Repetition反复
反复是把词、词组、从句等进行有意识的重复，以达到强调的效果。例如：
For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.
三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。
The trees were blown down, the billboards were blown down and the houses were blown down, some of which even lay in pieces.
树木被吹倒了，广告牌被吹倒了，房子被吹倒了，甚至有些摔成碎片。
Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now it is the time to work hard for the future.
现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了。
Watch your thoughts, for they become your words;
Watch your words, for they become your actions;
Watch your actions, for they become your habits;
Watch your habits, for they become your character;
Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny.
注意你的思想，因为他们变成你所说的话；
注意你的言语，因为他们变成你的行动；
注意你的行动，因为他们变成你的习惯；
注意你的习惯，因为他们变成你的个性；
注意你的个性，因为它变成你的命运。
Part 2 翻译练习
（第一组）
1.“想试试吗 ”我说，碰了碰玛丽娜的手。“好吧，”玛丽娜用她那尖利、不确定的声音说。
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2.“你不用着急。慢慢来，”我温和地说。她的整个脸顿时变得明亮起来，肩膀也放松了。
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3. Derek补充道：“我讨厌看到他生病，我知道需要做些什么才能让他恢复健康。”
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4. 她接着说，“我紧紧地拥抱着他们，感觉到自己内心突然有了一种力量……”。
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5. “从来没有人投诉过我，”感到受辱的那名医生宣称。
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6.“诸位，这是一个钱的问题，”我郑重其事地说。
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（第二组）
他自豪地回答说：“我可以带我的家人去看马戏了。”
______________________________________________________________________________2.“我觉得你在抛弃我。”她痛苦地回答。
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（第三组）
1.“你还是需要好好休息一下。”我建议道。
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2.“他和斯坦夫人有个计划，” 她解释说。
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3. 妈妈提醒我：“一切都会好起来的。”
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4.“我们明年会回来的，”他承诺道。
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5.“暂时不要采取行动，”他警告说，“太危险。”
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（第四组）
1.“他还活着，”Bettie坚持说。“但除非他把药列在单子上，否则他活不了多久。”
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2.“我以为我们可以成为朋友，”他抱怨道。
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3.“...但当这个可怜的男孩没有被选中时，我崩溃了，”他承认。
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4.罗先生用红边的眼睛安慰他说：“我也会想你的。”
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（第五组）
1.“不，不，”我抽泣着说。泪水模糊了我的视线。“很好，真的，”我叫道，“拿去吧。”
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2.我打开窗户大声向对面喊道：“我知道我们以前见过面，但我不记得在哪里。”
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3.车上的女人跳了出来，尖叫着，“你这个白痴！你为什么不看看你要去哪里？”
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4.“起来把你的钱和珠宝给我！”那人喊道。
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5. 她叹了口气，“你打碎了我们的明花瓶。”
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6.“你真漂亮，”我低声说，我的舌头勉强配合。
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（第六组）
1. 他真诚地为他所做的事情道歉。
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2.突然，妈妈尖叫道：“我的钱包哪里去了？”
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3.老人躺在冰冷的地上，痛苦地呻吟着。
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4.“晚安”妈妈在Mike的耳边轻声说，轻轻地离开了房间。
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5.她扶起老人，耐心地安慰他。
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6. 他大口大口地喘着气，把这个令人激动的消息告诉了村民。
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翻译练习答案
（第一组）
1.“Want to try one on ” I said, touching Marina’s hand. “OK,” Marina said in her sharp, unsure voice.
2. “You don’t have to rush. Just take your time,” I said in a gentle way. Her whole face instantly brightened and her shoulders relaxed.
3. “I hated seeing him sick and knew something needed to be done to make him healthy again.” Derek adds.
4. She continued, “I hugged them tightly, feeling a sudden strength inside me...”
5. “I had never received one single complaint against me,” claimed the humiliated doctor.
6. “It’s a question of money, folks,” I announced.
（第二组）
1.He proudly responded, “I can take my family to the circus.”
2. “I feel like you’re abandoning me,” she responded bitterly.
（第三组）1.“You still need a good rest,” I suggested.
2. “He and Mrs Stein have a plan,” she explained.
3. “Everything happens for the best,” Mom reminded me.
4. “We’ll be back next year,” he promised.
5. “Don’t do anything yet,” he warned. “Too risky.”
（第四组）1.“He’s alive,” Bettie insisted. “But he won’t be much longer unless he has the medicines on that list.”
2. “I thought we could be friends,” he complained.
3. “... But when the poor boy didn’t get picked, I broken down,” he admits.
4. With red-rimmed eyes, Mr. Rowe comforted him, “I will miss you, too.”
（第五组）
1. “No-o-o,” I sobbed. My vision was blurred by tears “It’s fine, really,” I cried, “Take it.”
2. I opened my window and shouted across. “I know we’ve met before, but I can’t remember where.”
3. The woman in the car jumped out, screaming, “You idiot! Why didn’t you look where you were going ”
4. “Get up and give me your money and jewelry!” the man yelled.
5. She sighed, “You broke our Ming vase.”
6. “You are beautiful,” I whispered, my tongue barely cooperating.
（第六组）
1. He apologized sincerely for what he had done.
2. Suddenly, Mom screamed “Where’s my purse ”
3. The old man lay on the cold ground, groaning painfully.
4. “Good night” Mum whispered to Mike’s ear, leaving the room quietly.
5. She lifted up the old man, comforting him patiently.
6. He gasped out the exciting news to the villagers.
Part 3 综合演练【模拟题】
读后续写模拟专练
读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I am Sadie. I love oceans, especially the one near my grandma's house with beautiful shells. Why That's what I am about to tell you.
It all started when my parents divorced a few weeks ago. I had remained silent since then. So my mother decided to send me to Florida to live with my grandma.
On the way to my grandma’s house, my mother said, “Sadie, I know we are not the best family you can have and I truly apologize. I just do not know how to be a mother. But remember, Sadie, whatever happened, I do love you." These words made me sadder.
When we arrived, Grandma told me to go upstairs and unpack my things while she spoke to my mother. When I saw a blue and green painted room with a huge window and a comfortable bed, I thought, Moving to Florida might not be that bad." I comforted my-self as I walked towards the window. I opened the curtains and saw sky-blue waves slowly washing away the sand on the beach and sea birds flying in the clear sky. The ocean was only a few hundred meters away from here.
After my mother left, Grandma softly touched my shoulder, “I want to take you to the place I called 'the Big Blue’. And I think you might like it." (I guess you could know where it is.)
Before I stepped on the sand I could smell the ocean. Together we enjoyed the sunset with a whole lot of yellow and orange. Suddenly she picked out the most beautiful shell I had ever seen in my life. It was almost gold, shining in the sunlight. I couldn’t move my eyes off it.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的同数应为150左右;
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你好;
4. 续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键短语
Paragraph 1:
"Want to know how I get through my parents' divorce " Grandma asked.
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Paragraph 2:
"The beautiful shells here gave me the courage to live on,” Grandma said.
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翻译小练习：
1. 她对我笑了笑，接着说：“在那些日子里，我感到非常悲伤，因为我的父母都不关心我，这让我想结束我的生命。
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2. 但最后，我没有那样做。为了消磨时间，我总是去海滩（我叫它“大蓝”）。
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3. 令我吃惊的是，我发现海滩上有这么漂亮的贝壳。
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4. “亲爱的，你还是很开心。虽然你父母离婚了，但他们都爱你。
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5. 你妈妈今天早上给我打电话，告诉我你喜欢海洋。
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6. 所以，我带你来了。我也希望你能得到鼓舞和勇气。
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7. 听到这话，我抬头望着蓝天和浩瀚的大海。
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8. 突然间，我觉得有点放松和自然，并坚信我一定要振作起来，就像最美丽的贝壳，充满色彩。
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参考答案：
1. 她对我笑了笑，接着说：“在那些日子里，我感到非常悲伤，因为我的父母都不关心我，这让我想结束我的生命。
She smiled to me and continued, "In those days, I felt very sorrowful because neither of my parents cared about me, which made me want to end my life.
2. 但最后，我没有那样做。为了消磨时间，我总是去海滩（我叫它“大蓝”）。
But finally, I didn't do like that. In order to kill time, I always went to the beach (I called it 'the Big Blue’).
3. 令我吃惊的是，我发现海滩上有这么漂亮的贝壳。
Much to my surprise, I found that there were such beautiful shells on the beach”.
4. “亲爱的，你还是很开心。虽然你父母离婚了，但他们都爱你。
"Honey, you are still happy. Although your parents divorced, thev both love you.
5. 你妈妈今天早上给我打电话，告诉我你喜欢海洋。
Your mother rang me this morning, telling me that you love oceans.
6. 所以，我带你来了。我也希望你能得到鼓舞和勇气。
Therefore, I brought you here. Also I hope you can get inspiration and courage.
7. 听到这话，我抬头望着蓝天和浩瀚的大海。
Hearing this I looked up at the blue sky and the vast sea.
8. 突然间，我觉得有点放松和自然，并坚信我一定要振作起来，就像最美丽的贝壳，充满色彩。
Suddenly, I felt a little relaxed and natural, and held the firm belief that I must cheer up, just like the most beautiful shell, full of color.
参考答案：
Paragraph 1:
“Want to know how I get through my parents’ divorce ” Grandma asked. She smiled to me and continued, "In those days, I felt very sorrowful because neither of my parents cared about me, which made me want to end my life. But finally, I didn't do like that. In order to kill time, I always went to the beach (I called it 'the Big Blue’). Much to my surprise, I found that there were such beautiful shells on the beach”.
Paragraph 2:
"The beautiful shells here gave me the courage to live on," Grandma said. "Honey, you are still happy. Although your parents divorced, thev both love you. Your mother rang me this morning, telling me that you love oceans. Therefore, I brought you here. Also I hope you can get inspiration and courage." Hearing this I looked up at the blue sky and the vast sea. Suddenly, I felt a little relaxed and natural, and held the firm belief that I must cheer up, just like the most beautiful shell, full of color.
（2022·湖南·一模）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When a tornado hit a small town nearby, many families were left homeless. Afterward, all the local newspapers carried stories of the families who suffered the hardest to appeal to people’s attention and assistance.
One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of a mobile home, a depressed expression on her face. A young boy, seven or eight years old. stood at her side, eyes downcast. Hiding behind her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, wide eyes with confusion and fear. The article below gave clothing sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my seven-year-old twins. Brad and Brett, and three-year-old Meghan to help those less fortunate than themselves.
“We have so much. And these poor people now have nothing” I said. “We’ll share what we have with them,” I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them in the living room. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods. While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. The boys were pleased to join. Brad rose and went to his room fast. He came back bringing his action figures that he played with not so frequently. Brett also jumped up and ran to fetch some of his Matchbox cars and airplane models. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up abandoned toys.
The boys placed the objects they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, best-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. “I’ll help you find something for the little girl, too.” I said to the little Meghan.
Para. 1:
“Mommy, I will give Lucy to them,” Meghan turned to me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para. 2:
Recognizing what little Meghan’s gesture meant, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
“Mommy, I will give Lucy to them,” Meghan turned to me. “Oh, honey,” I said. “You don't have to give Lucy. You love her so much.” Meghan nodded seriously, eyes glistening with tears. “Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she'll make that little girl happy, too.” She paused in front of the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy's flat face, gave her a final kiss, and then laid her gently on top of the other toys. The boys watched, open-mouthed, as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box.
Recognizing what little Meghan's gesture meant, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had bought on sale last week. I believed the young woman in the picture would like it and fit it as much as I did. The boys had also been inspired by our behavior and carried their beloved things. We all wished the family could pass the difficult period as soon as possible and that they would love the things we gave them with all our heart.
【解析】
【分析】
本文以为受难者捐赠衣物和食物为线索展开，文章主要讲述龙卷风发生后，作者看到一张无家可归的一家人的照片，作者想让她的孩子们为受难者捐赠衣服、食物和玩具。女儿Meghan决定捐赠她最喜欢的娃娃，这个行动影响了作者，于是作者也将旧衣服换成新衣服捐给受难者。希望通过捐赠的物品使受难者感受到他们的一片心意。
【详解】
1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“Meghan转向我，对我说：妈妈，我要把Lucy捐给他们。”可知，第一段可描写Meghan捐赠娃娃Lucy的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“意识到小Meghan行为的意义，我把旧夹克衫从衣服箱子里拿了出来。”可知，第二段可描写作者行为的变化和感受。
2.续写线索：Meghan捐Lucy——Meghan的想法——作者拿出旧夹克衫——捐新衣服——感受
3.词汇激活
行为类
①看：watch/stare
②放：place/pile up
③捐：donate/give
情绪类
喜爱的：favorite/beloved/best-loved
【点睛】
[高分句型1] I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had bought on sale last week.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2] The boys had also been inspired by our behavior and carried their beloved things.（运用了被动语态）
（2022·辽宁大连·模拟预测）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was dark, cold and raining on December 24. James left his office and walked slowly across the street to the parking place. He was very tired. He took out his car key and put down his umbrella. He put the key into the lock and turned it. Nothing happened. The door would not open. Then James realized that it was the wrong car. His car was red, but this one was dark blue. “Oh dear! I must have parked in a different place this morning,” thought he. Putting up his umbrella, he set off to look for his car. The rain poured down and the evening got colder and colder.
Having walked round all the side streets, James didn’t find his car. He was exhausted and angry. “Someone must have stolen my car,” he thought. “Now I shall have to go to the police station and report it.” The policeman there was very helpful. He wrote down a description of James car and then took his address and telephone number. As James was leaving, the policeman wished him a merry Christmas.
“Christmas!” thought James. “Oh no! I’ve forgotten all about Christmas. I haven’t bought my wife a present and now all the shops are shut. What shall I do ” When waiting for the bus, he got wetter and more miserable (难受的). He had no umbrella and the rain flowed down into his collar. He felt like bursting into tears.
When James got home, he found his wife standing on a chair and looking for something in a very high cupboard. “What are you doing, Jessica ” he asked. “The big gold star for the Christmas tree,” Jessica replied. “Just a moment. I’ll go into the garage (车库) and fetch the stepladder (梯子) for you,” said James. When James saw .the well-decorated Christmas tree and lots of presents under it, he felt even more unhappy. “What a lovely tree!” he thought as he went downstairs, “I haven’t even got one present for Jessica. I’ve lost my car and I’m completely wet. I must have lost my umbrella, too.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As James opened the garage door, he spotted something, frozen in amazement.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pleased to know his car was there, James entered the room with the present.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
As James opened the garage door, he spotted something, frozen in amazement. Inside the garage was his red car. He suddenly remembered that it wouldn’t start this morning so he just took a taxi to work. James was overjoyed. He was just about to rush upstairs and tell Jessica the good news when he heard, “Meow! Meow!” He looked inside the car and there sat a small kitten with pointed ears and green eyes. James’ eyes were glued to the kitten for a few minutes and a brilliant idea struck him. “This is for Jessica.” He picked the kitten up.
Pleased to know his car was there, James entered the room with the present. “This is your present,” said to Jessica happily. “Oh, thank you, darling. I’ve always wanted a kitten,” her face lit up. Just then the telephone rang. It was the policeman. James was told that his car hadn’t been found but his umbrella was got in the police station. Putting the phone down, James gazed at Jessica, joy welling up inside him. Bathed in the warm Christmas atmosphere, James walked over to Jessica and hugged her tightly.
【解析】
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了主人公James在圣诞节的时候认为自己的车丢了，心情变得沮丧，没有给家人买圣诞礼物，天下着雨，雨伞也丢了，心情非常糟糕，浑身湿透的回到家里，后来发现车在车库里，警察也找到了丢失的伞，心情变好的故事。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“詹姆斯打开车库门，发现了什么东西，惊讶地僵住了。”可知，第一段可描写James发现自己的车在家里，也找到了给妻子的礼物，以及他的心情变化。
②由第二段首句内容“詹姆斯很高兴知道他的车就在那里，他带着礼物进了房间。”可知，第二段可描写James愉快地和妻子在一起，警察找到了雨伞，James非常高兴，沐浴在圣诞节温暖的气氛中。
2.续写线索：找到了车——发现了小猫——给妻子送礼物——警察找到了雨伞——高兴起来
3.词汇激活
行为类
①冲上楼：rush upstairs/dash upstairs/go upstairs hurriedly
②.突然想起：strike /occur to/hit
情绪类
①.高兴：overjoyed/very delighted/extremely happy
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. He suddenly remembered that it wouldn’t start this morning so he just took a taxi to work.（运用了that引导宾语从句，so连接并列句式）
[高分句型2]. Putting the phone down, James gazed at Jessica, joy welling up inside him.（运用了现在分词作状语，独立主格结构）
[高分句型3] . Bathed in the warm Christmas atmosphere, James walked over to Jessica and hugged her tightly.（运用了过去分词作状语）
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