2023年中考英语一轮复习完形填空专项练（二）科教科普类（含解析）

完形填空专项练（二）科教科普类
一、
Body image—the way people feel about their looks— is a big problem for many young people today. According to a 1 , more than half the teenage girls in the USA think 2 should be on a diet (节食), and almost one in five teenage boys are 3 about their bodies and their weight.
But what's the cause In the study, many blame(责备) the media(媒体). Turn on the TV and you'll 4 see beautiful models, handsome actors and fit sports stars. 5 a magazine or a newspaper, look through the Internet, and it's usually 6 .
Many young people feel pressure to 7 these "perfect" people. But for most, this is just not possible. In the USA, the average(平均的) woman is 163 cm tall and weighs 64 kilos, 8 the average model is 180 cm tall and weighs 53 kilos.
When people don't look the way many 9 people look, they may become less confident. Some stop eating 10 in order to lose weight. Students can lose so much confidence that they start to 11 taking part in classroom activities at school.
Body image problems don't 12 as we get older, either. In the UK, for example, women over 50 spend more money on cosmetics (化妆品) than any other 13 group. Older men spend a lot of money trying to 14 hair loss(损失).
Is there a solution to the problem A 2016 study in the UK suggested that body image lessons should be provided in 15 . Others believe it's a problem that all of society needs to deal with. As Meaghan Ramsey says, "We need to judge (评判) people by what they do, not what they look like."
1.A. newspaper B. magazine C. study D. book
2.A. we B. they C. you D. she
3.A. confident B. sure C. worried D. happy
4.A. probably B. hardly C. never D. finally
5.A. Get B. Open C. Take D. Find
6.A. the same B. different C. special D. interesting
7.A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look like
8.A. because B. although C. but D. or
9.A. kind B. strong C. young D. famous
10.A. early B. properly C. slowly D. carefully
11.A. enjoy B. stop C. finish D. forget
12.A. come B. continue C. disappear D. happen
13.A. age B. job C. hobby D. man
14.A. make B. avoid C. refuse D. protect
15.A. supermarkets B. streets C. parks D. schools
二、
According to a new study, children who spend a large amount of 1 with their fathers have higher IQs. The research 2 shows that attention from their fathers in the early life can influence children’s future. The researchers said that men tended to (倾向于) pay more attention to their 3 than their daughters.
The researchers warned that it was not 4 for parents to live together, but that a father should take an active part in a child’s life to 5 a child’s development.
The study looked at over 11,000 British men and women 6 in 1958. The scientists asked the 7 how often their husbands took part in activities with the kids, 8 reading, organizing trips and general "quality time (开心时光)".
The findings 9 that the children whose fathers spent more time with them had a higher IQ and were 10 at communication with others than those who had received little attention.
1. A.days B.hours C.time D.weeks
2. A.as well B.also C.too D.either
3. A.sisters B.brothers C.sons D.neighbor
4. A.clever B.good C. stupid D.enough
5. A.improve B.change C.make D.keep
6. A.lived B.worked C.bom D.studied
7. A.mothers B.fathers C.parents D.children
8. A.included B.besides C. including D.except
9. A.get B.like C.catch D.show
10. A.worse B.faster C.better D.happier
三、
The elephant is the biggest four-legged animal in the world. It’s also, perhaps, the gentlest, 1 not always.
Elephants are like us in some ways. They live for a long time一fifty or sixty years. They can 2 things very well. They never forget great sadness or happiness. If a female (雌的)elephant 3 , her daughters and grand-daughters will be sad for many months. They stay with the dead body. Then they carry a bit of it away with them. They also never forget a 4 friend.
Elephants are like us, but they’re also 5 .They live in families—families of females (母系家族). There will be a few young males一"baby boys". But they will soon be 6 away by their mothers or sisters. An elephant family 7 only its daughters, mothers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers in.
The female elephants stay together for fifty, sixty or even a hundred years. The elderly elephants 8 the young ones. The mothers teach their daughters and set a good example. And what happens to male elephants Well, the young males stay with their mothers for a time. Then they must 9 the family. The female elephants just send them away. A male elephant does not often have a friend. He lives 10 ,away from the family, and away from other bulls.
1 A. and B. but C. so D. because
2.A. remember B. practise C. talk D. change
3.A. is hurt B. is caught C. loses D. dies
4.A. terrible B. bad C. young D. dear
5.A. different B. same C. special D. popular
6.A. thrown B. sent C. kicked D. posted
7.A. hopes B. tells C. allows D. frightens
8.A. look at B. carry out C. look after D. take away
9.A. leave B. stay C. hear D. walk
10. A. sadly B. hard C. alone D. noisily
四、
It is not rare to hear of a family who is keeping a young dog for a seeing﹣eye dog(导盲犬). However, it is 1 to hear of a family who is keeping a monkey for the Helping Hands Organization.
The same as young dogs, young monkeys need to be socialized before they 2 be trained as human helpers. One difference is that monkeys live longer than dogs do. This means that a monkey's "childhood" is also 3 than a dog's. Monkeys may spend 4 to 6 years in a family 4 they are ready to begin training.
After a monkey begins training, it usually takes about a year for it to learn enough tasks to be a good 5 . When a monkey is learning a task, it is 6 with a treat. If the monkey makes a 7 , it is not punished, it just does not get a treat for that task.
One thing that monkeys need to learn is 8 to follow orders. For example, if a person wants to have the lights turned on, he or she might give the order "sun". The monkey will know what its owner 9 by the order and it completes the task. Then it will get a reward. Some monkeys can 10 learn how to use a computer.
(1)A. common B. unusual C. important D. necessary
(2)A. can B. will C. need D. must
(3)A. sadder B. happier C. shorter D. longer
(4)A. while B. after C. before D. when
(5)A. teacher B. worker C. helper D. reporter
(6)A. rewarded B. connected C. helped D. compared
(7)A. difference B. mistake C. face D. wish
(8)A. what B. when C. where D. how
(9)A. hears B. sees C. does D. means
(10)A. even B. ever C. yet D. still
五、
A new study says sunlight helps set your “body clock”. When there is less and less sunlight at the close of the day, your body starts to make melatonin (複黑激素). It makes you feel 1 . Your body makes the most melatonin at night. During the day, sunlight 2 your body have less melatonin, and it 3 you awake. Usually, light tells the brain it is time to 4 That’s why you will have trouble getting back to sleep if you turn on a light in the middle of the night.
A team of researchers from New York, U. S. ever did a(n) 5 on 109 office workers across the U. S. They found that some of the 6 saw lots of light during the morning hours, between 8 am and lunchtime. They found that they had a better 7 than others. They also fell asleep more quickly at night.
So researchers 8 we see 15 minutes of sunlight in the morning. It can help balance (平衡) the melatonin in your body. It seems 9 that early-morning sunlight helps you sleep well at night. But it’s true, 10 those two things are part of the sleep-wake cycle.
1. A. sleepy B. tired C. awake D. relaxed
2. A. asks B. tells C. makes D. allows
3. A. reminds B. keeps C. calls D. informs
4. A. set out B. fall asleep C. wake up D. get up
5. A. job B. test C. experience D. study
6. A. teachers B. pupils C. workers D. researchers
7. A. day B. meal C. sleep D. game
8. A. suggest B. believe C. think D. advise
9. A. possible B. comfortable C. unforgettable D. unbelievable
10. A. so B. because C. and D. while
六、
New research shows that people who read a lot live longer. The study was carried out by researchers from Yale University in the USA. The researchers said 1 keeps the mind active, and it helps 2 stress and makes us take better care of our health. The researchers said that books help the 3 more than newspapers and magazines, but any kind of reading will help us to live much 4 . Even reading for half an hour a day could help. In the study, researchers 5 the lifestyles of3,500 men and women over a 12-year period They looked at their reading habits, health, life style, wealth and education. All of the 6 were at least 50 years old at the start of the research.
The 7 found that people who read for up to 3. 5 hours a week were 17% less likely to die during the 12-year research period than those who read no books. Those who read for more than 3. 5 hours a week were 23% less likely to die. 8 Becca Levy said, “Regardless(不管))of gender, health, wealth or education, it’s more 9 for them to read books.” She suggested people stop watching TV to read books. She said. "People over the age of 65 spend about 4. 4 hours per day 10 television. Trying to spend more time reading books could prove to be helpful. ”
1. A. reading B. writing C. listening D. Speaking
2. A. pick up B. put off C. cut down D. give away
3. A. eyes B. ears C. brain D. Heart
4. A. busier B. longer C. shorter D. Freer
5. A. looked at B. look after C. look up D. look like
6. A. men B. Women C. humans D. People
7. A. science B. study C. report D. Book
8. A. Doctor B. Researcher C. Teacher D. Worker
9. A. popular B. difficult C. important D. Impossible
10. A. seeing B. to see C. to watch D. watching
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1-5 CBCAB 6-10 ADCDB 11-15 BCABD
解析：1.根据第二段第二句"In the study, many blame the media."可知，这些数据是根据研究得出的结果，故选C。
3.本题考查代词。本空指代主句中的more than half the teenage girls in the USA，故选B。
3.本题考查形容词短语。be worried about对……担心。根据前文少女由于对自己身体形象的不满而节食可推出，少年对自己的身体和体重也很担心，故选C。
4.句意：打开电视你就可能会看到那些漂亮的模特、帅气的演员和健壮的运动明星。本题考查副词。probably大概，很可能；hardly几乎不；never从未；finally最终。故选A。
5.本题考查动词。根据前句的Turn on the TV和后文的look through the Internet可知，这里应该是"打开"杂志或报纸，故选B。
6.此处表示"结果都是一样的"，故选A。
7.句意：要看起来像这些"完美"的人，许多年轻人感到有压力。
本题考查动词短语。look after照顾；look for寻找；look at看；look like看起来像。因为这些年轻人在形象上想看起来像这些明星，故选D。
8.本题考查连词。根据语境可知，设空处前后存在转折关系。普通女性的平均身高与体重和模特的平均身高与体重有很大的差距，故选C。
9.本题考查形容词。famous people名人。本文一直在把普通人和名人进行比较，故选D。
10.句意：一些人为了减肥而不好好吃饭。本题考查副词。early提早；properly合理地，正确地；slowly缓慢地；carefully小心地，仔细地。故选B。
11.本句中so...that 引导结果状语从句。因为自信缺失，一些学生在学校里停止参加课堂活动，故选B。
12.句意：身体形象问题也不会随着我们年龄的增长而消失。根据上下文可知，身体形象问题存在于各个年龄阶层，故选C。
13.前后文中的关键词get older、over 50和Older men都与年龄有关，故选A。
14.句意：老年男人花了很多钱来试图避免脱发。avoid hair loss避免脱发。
15.本句中提到了body image lessons（身体形象课程），又因为课程正常情况都是由学校提供的，故选D。
二、
答案：CBCDA CACDC
解析：1.C 由最后一段中的"the children whose fathers spent more time with them had a higher IQ"可知，这里应选time，表示"那些花大量时间和父亲在一起的孩子有更高的智商"。
2.B as well和too意为"也"，常用于句末;either可用作副词，意为"也"，常用于否定句的句末;also是副词，意为"也"，用于 肯定句中,位置在be/情态动词/助动词之后，实义动词前， 故选B。
3.C男人们在儿子身上倾注的注意力比在女儿身上倾注的更多。与daughters对应的单词应为sons。
4.D联系生活常识可知，这里指调查者们提醒说，家长们仅仅一起生活是不够的(enough)，故选D。
5.A联系常识可知，父亲积极地参与孩子的生活有助于孩子的发展. improve"提高，促进"，符合语境。change"改变"； make"制造"；keep"保持"。
6.C这个调查研究了 1958年出生的11 000多名英国的男女.
7.A联系空格后的"their husbands"可知选A。
8.C科学家们询问这些母亲她们的丈夫和孩子一起参加活动的频率.包括读书、组织旅行和寻常的"开心时光"。included 意为"（被）包括"，常用作后置定语修饰名词，且与其前所修 饰的名词之间存在被动关系；besides意为"除……之外（还有）"，表不对前面提到的人或事物进行补充；including意 为"包括……在内"；except意为"（用于所言不包括的人或事物前）除……之外"。故选C。
9.D由空后的结论可知，这里是说研究发现表明的结果，故选D。
10.C联系短文首句可知本句句意:结果显示那些与父亲一起度过更多时间的孩子比那些几乎不受关注的孩子拥有更高的智商，而 且更善于和他人沟通. be good at sth.意为"擅长某事"，由下文中的than可知选C。
三、
答案：BADDA BCCAC
解析：1.B根据the gentlest和not always可知前后内容之间是转折关系，故选B项。
2.A 根据"They never forget great sadness or happiness."可知此处指的是它们能很好地记住东西。故选a项。
3.D根据下文They slay with the dead body可知此处指如果一头母象死了。故选d项。
4.D terrible意为可怕的；bad意为坏的 ：young意为年轻 ；dear意为亲爱的。结合语境可知此处指它们也从来不会 忘记一个亲爱的朋友。故选D项。
5.A根据前一分句Elephants are like us以及but可知，此处指"不同的"。故选A项。
6.B根据最后一段中的"The female elephants just send them away."可知此处指的是它们很快会被送走。send sb away意为 "送走某人;打发走某人"，故选B项。
7.空根据语境可知，此处指的是在大象的家庭里只允许有雌性成 员，故选C项。
8.C look at 意为看；carry out 意为"实行 ; look after 意为照顾;照管；take away意为夺走;拿走。结合语境可知，此处指 的是年长的象照顾小象，故选C项。
9.A 根据下文的The female elephants just send them away可知 此处指的是它们必须离开家庭。故选A项。
10.C 根据后面的 away from the family，and away from other bulls可知此处指的是雄象独自生活。故选C项。
四、
答案：(1)- (5) BADCC (6)- (10) ABDDA
解析：(1).B 考查形容词辨析。A common普通的;B unusual不寻常的;C important重要的;D necessary必要的;根据后面keeping a monkey for the Helping Hands Organization养只猴子作为帮手,及However转折,应该是不寻常的,故选B。
(2).A 考查动词辨析。A can能;B will将;C need需要;D must必须;根据语境,此处是讲猴能成为人类助手时要先社会化,故选A。
(3).D 考查形容词辨析。A sadder更伤心;B happier更开心;C shorter更短;D longer更长;根据"One difference is that monkeys live longer than dogs do"猴子比狗活得长,可知猴子的童年也更长,故选D。
(4).C 考查连词辨析。A while在…期间;B after在..之后;C before在..之前;D when当…时;根据语境,此处句意是猴子可能在一个家庭里生活4到6年,当它们准备好开始训练之前,故选C。
(5).C 考查名词辨析。A teacher老师;B worker工人;C helper助手;D reporter记者;根据"who is keeping a monkey for the Helping Hands Organization"养只猴子作为帮手,可知猴子是要成为助手,故选C。
(6).A 考查动词辨析。A reward奖励;B connect联系;C help帮助;D compare对比;根据"it just does not get a treat for that task"可知猴子学会了任务,表现好便得到奖励,故选A。
(7).B 考查名词辨析。A difference差异;B mistake错误;C face脸;D wish愿望;根据语境,如果犯了错,没有惩罚,但是无法得到奖励,故选B。
(8).D 考查疑问代词辨析。根据语境,此处是说猴子要学习怎样听从主人, A. what什么; B. when何时; C. where哪儿; D. how怎样,故选D。
(9).D 考查动词辨析.A hear听见;B see看见;C do做;D mean意味着;根据 if a person wants to have the lights turned on, he or she might give the order "sun"如果一个人想把灯打开,他或她可能说太阳,因此,猴子要知道主人的命令的含义,故选D。
(10).A 考查副词辨析.A even甚至;B ever曾经;C yet也,还;D still仍然;根据"learn how to use a computer"学习使用电脑,可知此处是讲为了完成主人的指令,甚至要学习使用电脑,故选A。
五、
答案：A C B C D C C A D B
解析：1.由下文内容可知,褪黑激素增加会让人发困。
2. 阳光让你的身体产生较少的褪黑激素:3
3. 根据上文内容可知，褪黑激素多了，人会困，褪黑激素少了，会让人保持清醒此处用keeps表示"保持"。
4. 根据下文中的"That’s why you will have trouble getting back to sleep"可知，此处表示是时候醒来了。
5. 由下文内容可知此处说的是一项研究。
6. 根据上文中的"109 office workers ’可知选C。
7. 根据下文中的"early-morning sunlight helps you sleep well at night"可知，此处表示在早上八点到午餐时间见阳光多的人 睡眠质量更好。
8. 下文提到的"It can help balance (平衡) the melatonin in your body"是多见阳光的好处，故此处研究人员应是建议 (suggest)人们早上见15分钟的阳光。advise也表示"建议"，常用于 advise sb. to do sth.结构。
9. 根据下文中的"But it’s true"可知，此处unbelievable符合语境。
10. 空后的内容解释的是原因，故用because:
六、
答案：1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D
解析：1. 第一句提及“读书多的人长寿”，此处进一步说明：阅读保持思想活跃。
2. 此处仍在阐述读书的益处：阅读帮助减轻压力，使我们更好地照顾自己的健康。
3. 句意:研究人员说书比报纸和杂志更有助于大脑。brain意思是“大脑”，其他选项不符合句意。
4. 由第一句中的who read a lot live longer可知，阅读有助于人们更长寿。
5. 句意:在研究中，研究人员研究了3500个人12年的生活方式。look at在这里表示“研究”。
6. 上文提及3,500 men and women,此处应用people,泛指上文的3500个人。
7. 第一段第二句提及“The study was carried out by.”，承上文此处选study“研究”。
8. 根据上文可知，做出结论的Becca Levy应该是研究人员.
9. 下文建议人们不要看电视转而看书，由此推断，无论性别、 健康、财富或教育，对他们而言阅读都更重要。
10. 句意：65岁以上的人每天花费大约4.4小时看电视。watch TV是固定搭配，排除A与B.两项；spend some time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，是固定用法。故选D。
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