2023年中考英语一轮复习完形填空专项练（六）自然类（含解析）

完形填空专项练（六）自然类
一、
October 16 is World Food Day. The UN started the day in 1979. It 1 people not to waste and fight hunger. 2 people in the world still don’t have enough to eat. Food shortage(匮乏) is a big problem around the world. Right now, there are more than 1,000 million hungry people in the world 3 the UN.
There are several reasons 4 food shortages. First, there have been more droughts(干旱) and floods(洪水) recently. Also, a growing population makes feeding everyone more difficult. 5 big reason is food waste. Most people don’t realize how much food they throw away every day. Sometimes we cook 6 , or we don’t use it before it goes bad. The food 7 in Europe can feed 200 million people and that in Latin America can feed 300 million people a year.
So think twice next time you want to throw away food. By 8 food waste, we can put food on the empty plates of some hungry children. Only order as much food as you can when you eat at a restaurant. Don’t be too picky(挑剔的) about food so that you don’t leave on your plate. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it. Keep an eye on 9 food you have at home. Don’t buy or cook too much.
Always remember: When you throw away food, you are not just wasting the food 10 . Resources(资源) are also wasted while growing, transporting and cooking food. These things all take energy, time and water.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
1.A.used to remind B.is used to reminding C.is used to remind
2.A.The number of B.A number of C.The great number of
3.A.according to B.as for C.after all
4.A.of B.to C.for
5.A.Other B.The other C.Another
6.A.much too B.too much C.too many
7.A.to waste B.wasting C.wasted
8.A.cutting down B.cutting up C.cutting off
9.A.which B.what C.that
10.A.yourself B.ourselves C.itself
二、
We often see pandas on TV play funny games. They also travel to other countries and bring happiness and friendship there. However, scientists are 1 the future of pandas and they think pandas will 2 in 30 years.
Now China is the only 3 to Chinese pandas. They live in the forests and mountains of southwest China. It's reported that there are only about one thousand pandas 4 in China today. They mainly live on bamboo, and each panda eats a lot of bamboo everyday. But it takes a long time for the bamboo to grow. With the increase of population, people have 5 many bamboo forests to grow food crops in the past years. What's more, because of the great changes in weather, the bamboo is easy to die. 6 , the area of bamboo forests is becoming smaller and smaller, so pandas have 7 land to live on. It's hard for them to find food and some of them die of hunger. The pandas have very low birth rate and baby pandas often die, especially in the wild. They are too weak to live without special care.
8 , our government is working hard to save pandas. There are more than 30 nature reserves (保护区)to protect pandas but these are not enough. The government has made a new plan to help pandas. The nature reserves will be bigger and the bamboo will grow better. Then the pandas will have enough food to eat and enough places to live in. Pandas born in the 9 may go back to live in the nature reserves. Chinese government and the International Wild Life Organization has agreed on a 10 of protecting pandas in the wild. We hope it will be helpful.
1. A. satisfied with B. worried about C. angry with D. interested in
2. A. die out B. help out C. carry out D. take out
3. A. country B. home C. place D. area
4. A. live B. are living C. living D. lived
5. A. cut up B. cut into C. cut off D. cut down
6. A. As a matter of fact B. As soon as
C. As a result D. As usual
7. A. fewer and fewer B. less and less
C. bigger and bigger D. more and more
8. A. Luckily B. Really C. Recently D. Probably
9. A. forests B. reserves C. fields D. zoos
10. A. progress B. project C. purpose D. passport
三、
Each one of us shares this planet with seven billion others. And we all need 1 . People and products need to move from city to city and country to country. However, we all know 2 most cars, motorcycles, boats and planes cause air pollution. They are also 3 .This is a serious problem in many cities. 4 inventors are coming up with creative ideas to try to reduce the pollution and noise.
In many cities around the world, motorcycles are very 5 . Now Vietnam has around 33 million motorcycles and China has almost 120 million. Motorcycles are a faster and cheaper way to get around a city than 6 . Yet air pollution is a growing problem. In large cities, people 7 it is difficult to breathe. To solve these problems, a U. S. company designed an environmentally friendly motorcycle. It uses electricity as fuel (燃料). As a result, there is 8 pollution. It's also quiet and fast. This makes 9 a good choice for getting around a city.
The Italian city of Venice is a city with only a few 10 . There are no cars in the city center. 11 cars, water taxis and buses carry people along the city's canals (运河). However, they cause pollution. 12 to the water. English engineers Dick and Jem designed a solar-powered (太阳能) water taxi. The water taxi 13 run for a day after being recharged (充电).
Planes also cause air and noise pollution. Designing an environmentally friendly airplane is a real 14 . Some airplane companies have 15 to solve the problems. Swiss engineers have gone one step further. They developed a solar airplane. This plane holds the world record for the longest solar-powered flight—1541 kilometers from Arizona to Texas in America.
1.A.air B.food C.transportation D.communication
2.A.how B.why C.when D.that
3.A.noisy B.dirty C.fast D.expensive
4.A.Since B.So C.Because D.Although
5.A.popular B.valuable C.dangerous D.safe
6.A.bikes B.subways C.buses D.cars
7.A.explain B.complain C.doubt D.promise
8.A.much B.some C.no D.more
9.A.them B.you C.us D.it
10.A.rivers B.roads C.tourists D.people
11.A.Instead of B.Thanks to C.Because of D.As for
12.A.probably B.only C.especially D.hardly
13.A.must B.can C.should D.need
14.A.question B.job C.decision D.challenge
15.A.disagreed B.refused C.started D.remembered
四、
March 22 is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the importance of water, but also calls on (号召) us to 1 and protect water. Today, we're facing terrible water problems. Among them, the wastewater problem is rather 2 . And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is "wastewater".
What is wastewater It is used water. Usually, wastewater comes from homes, 3 , hospitals and soon. It is produced by different kinds of activities, including washing machines, taking showers and using kitchens. The rain also 4 wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have 5 harmful in it.
6 must we treat(处理) wastewater Wastewater has a big influence on our lives. It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment and our own 7 .
How can we treat wastewater Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment. Wastewater 8 homes can be reused. Then there will be 9 wastewater. Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned 10 it goes back to nature.
1.A.drink B.save C.carry D.watch
2.A.easy B.popular C.small D.serious
3.A.factories B.lakes C.rivers D.seas
4.A.gets back B.hands in C.changes into D.picks up
5.A.nothing B.something C.nobody D.somebody
6.A.What B.Who C.Why D.How
7.A.work B.interest C.health D.business
8.A.on B.for C.with D.from
9.A.less B.more C.better D.worse
10.A.and B.whether C.after D.before
五、
Each one of us shares the earth (地球)with seven billion others and we all need to 1 from city to city and country to country. 2 , we all know most cars, motorcycles (摩托车)and planes cause (导致)air 3 They are also noisy. These are serious problems in many cities. So scientists are thinking of 4 to try to reduce (减少)the pollution and noise.
In many cities around the world, motorcycles are very 5 .Now Vietnam has around 33 million motorcycles and China has almost 120 million. The motorcycle is a faster and cheaper way to get around a city than 6 .But air pollution is a growing problem. Sometimes people can’t 7 breathe (呼吸). To solve this problem, a US company designed an environmentally friendly motorcycle. It uses electricity (电)as the source of power. As a result, there is 8 pollution. It’s also quiet and fast. This makes 9 a good choice to get around a city.
Planes also cause (引起)air and noise pollution. Making an environmentally friendly airplane is a real challenge. Some airplane companies already 10 to solve the problems. Swiss engineers developed a solar airplane.
This plane realises the longest solar-powered flight (飞行)in the world —1,541 kilometres from Arizona to Texas in America.
1. A. move B. take C. bring D. carry
2. A. Also B. And C. Because D. However
3. A. condition B. pollution C. cleaning D. performance
4. A. who B. where C. what D. how
5. A. beautiful B. expensive C. popular D. quick
6 .A. cars B. buses C. bikes D. subways
7. A. even B. still C. ever D. never
8. A. much B. some C. no D. more
9. A. them B. you C. us D. it
10. A. disagreed B. started C. remembered D. refused
六、
Recycling is very important. In nature, almost everything can 1 again. For example, when an animal dies, it becomes 2 animals' food. Nothing is wasted. But humans have created things like plastic bags 3 can't be broken down by nature. Our rubbish kills animals and 4 water and soil. 5 we continue making too much rubbish, the problem will get worse. If nature can't reuse the rubbish, we must recycle 6 . We should clean up the rubbish we've made because nature can't.
Recycling is also the right thing to do for another reason. The earth is rich in natural resources like water, 7 these resources are not endless. We use up the natural resources much 8 than the earth is able to reproduce them. For example, each year we cut 9 more than 6,000 square miles of forest. But it takes an average of 25 years for a new tree 10 .
Recycling can help us save the earth, so let's take action right now.
1. A. use B. using C. be used D. used
2. A. another B. other C. others D. the others
3. A. who B. which C. how D. where
4. A. pollutes B. polluted C. polluting D. is polluted
5. A. Though B. Whether C. Why D. If
6. A. them B. their C. it D. itself
7. A. but B. so C.if D. or
8. A. fastly B. fast C. faster D. fastest
9. A. out B. down C. in D. up
10. A. grows B. for growing C. growing D. to grow
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1-5 CBACC 6-10 BCABC
解析：1.句意:它是用来提醒人们不要浪费,与饥饿作斗争。used to remind过去经常提醒;is used to reminding习惯于提醒;is used to remind被用来提醒。根据“It … people not to waste and fight hunger.”可知“世界粮食日”是被用来提醒人们不要浪费,与饥饿作斗争的,故选C。
2.句意:世界上仍有许多人吃不饱。The number of……的数目;A number of一些、许多;The great number of……的大数量,描述的事物是数字,是个单数主语,谓语动词使用单数形式。根据下文“Right now, there are more than 1,000 million hungry people in the world”可知是世界上仍有许多人吃不饱,故选B。
3.句意:据联合国统计,目前世界上有超过10亿的饥饿人口。according to根据;as for关于、至于;after all毕竟。根据“Right now, there are more than 1,000 million hungry people in the world”可知这应是依据联合国的统计数据,故选A。
4.句意:食物短缺有几个原因。of……的;to到、朝、向;for关于、对……而言。根据“There are several reasons … food shortages.”可知是就食物短缺来说有几个原因,reason for“……的原因”,故选C。
5.句意:另一个主要原因是食物浪费。Other别的、另外的,后面必须接名词;The other另一个,表示两者之中的另一个;Another另一个,表示三者或三者以上中的另一个。根据上文提到的两个食物短缺的原因,结合“…big reason is food waste.”可知此处指的是三者中的另一个,因此用another,故选C。
6.句意:有时我们煮得太多,或者在它变坏之前我们没有使用它。much too后面跟形容词或副词,意思是“非常、太…”;too much后面跟不可数名词,意思是“太多的…”;too many意思是“太多的”,用来修饰可数名词复数。根据上文“Most people don’t realize how much food they throw away every day.”可知此处指的是煮太多的食物,food为不可数名词,因此用too much修饰,故选B。
7.句意:在欧洲浪费的食物可以养活2亿人。to waste动词不定式;wasting动名词/现在分词;wasted过去式或过去分词。根据“The food … in Europe can feed 200 million people”可知此处指的是被浪费的食物,因此用过去分词作后置定语,故选C。
8.句意:通过减少食物浪费,我们可以把食物放进一些饥饿的孩子的空盘子里。cutting down减少;cutting up切碎;cutting off切断。根据下文“we can put food on the empty plates of some hungry children.”可知是减少食物浪费,可以把食物放进一些饥饿的孩子的空盘子里, 故选A。
9.句意:留意你的家里有什么食物。which哪一个;what什么;that那、那个。根据“Keep an eye on … food you have at home.”可知是留意家里有什么食物,因此用what,故选B。
10.句意:当你扔掉食物时,你不仅仅是在浪费食物本身。yourself你自己、你们自己;ourselves我们自己;itself它自己。根据“When you throw away food, you are not just wasting the food ….”可知是当你扔掉食物时,你不仅仅是在浪费食物本身,因此用itself,故选C。
二、
答案：1-5 BABCD 6-10 CBADB
解析：1.这一句是以 however开头，句意发生了转折。科学家是担心而不是愤怒。
2.科学家担心它们灭亡。 die out意为"灭亡"。
3. be the home to意为"是……的故乡/家园"。
4. There be sth./sb. doing sth.是固定结构。
5. cut down意为"砍伐"；cut up意为"切碎"；cut off意为"切断"； cut into意为"切成"。
6.前面列举一些现象，后面就是导致什么样的结果。
7. land是不可数名词。熊猫的栖息地变得越来越少。
8. 政府着手拯救熊猫当然是值得庆幸的事
9.人们是把在动物园出生的熊猫放归保护区。
10.政府和国际组织启动一项项目来保护大熊猫。
三、
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.B; 5.A; 6.D; 7.B; 8.C; 9.D; 10.B; 11.A; 12.C; 13.B; 14.D; 15.C
解析：1.由第一段第三句"People and products need to move from city to city and country to country."可知人们需要"交通"。air空气；food食物；communication沟通。
2.句意：然而，我们都知道大多数的汽车、摩托车、船和飞机都会导致空气污染。本句含有that引导的宾语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，故选D项。
3.根据本段最后一句中的"reduce the polluion and noise"可知本题应该选择noisy"吵闹的"。dirty脏的；fast快的；expensive昂贵的。
4.根据前面提到的污染和噪音问题可知，"所以"发明家们正在提出有创意的想法来减少污染和噪音。故选B项。
5.根据下一句句意"现在越南已经有大约33,000,000辆摩托车，中国也有差不多10,000,000辆摩托车。"可知，此处应该选择"受欢迎的"，故选A项。valuable有价值的；dangerous危险的；safe安全的。
6.句意：摩托车是一种比汽车（cars）更快而且更便宜的市内出行的方式。bike自行车，subway地铁，bus公交车，都不具备可比性，故选D项。
7.根据上一句，"然而空气污染却成了一个日益严重的问题。"可知在"大城市里，人们抱怨（complain）连呼吸都是困难的。"故选B项。explain解释；doubt怀疑；promise许诺。
8.根据上一句"它是用电作为燃料的"，可知"它是没有（no）污染的"，much许多；some一些；more更多。
9."make+ it +adj./n."是固定结构。本句意为"对于市内出行，这是一个不错的选择"。them他们；you你，你们；us我们。
10.根据句意"意大利城市威尼斯是一座仅有几条道路的城市"，可知应该选择B项。river河流；road道路；tourist游客；people人们。
11. instead of（代替）符合句意。thanks to幸亏，由于；because of因为；as for至于。
12.根据句意"然而，它们引起污染，尤其（especially）对于水造成污染"可知应该选择C项。probably很可能；only仅仅，只；hardly几乎不。
13.根据句意"这种水上出租车在被充电以后，可以（can）运行一天"可知应该选择B项。must必须；should应该；need需要。
14.根据句意"设计一架环保的飞机真是一个挑战（challenge）"可知应该选择D项。question问题；job工作；decision决定。
15.根据句意"一些飞机公司已经开始解决这些问题了"可知应该选择C项。start to do sth.开始做某事。disagree不同意；refuse拒绝；remember记得。
四、
答案：1-5 BDACB 6-10 CCDAD
解析：1. drink"喝"；save"节省"；carry"拿，搬"；watch"看"。根据空后的"protect water"可知，此处是说"节约并保护水资源"，故用save。
2. easy"容易的"；popular"受欢迎的"；small"小的"；serious"严重的"。根据上下文可知，此处是说，废水问题尤其严重，故用serious。
3. factory"工厂"；lake"湖泊"；river"河流"；sea"海洋"。根据上文中的"It is used water"可知选A。
4. 根据语境可知，在暴风雨中，雨水流过街道也会变为废水。get back"回来"；hand in"上交"；change into"变成"；pick up"拾起，捡起"。C项符合语境。
5.无论它的来源是哪里，这种水一定有某些危害在里面。nothing"没有什么"；something"某物，某事"；nobody"没人"；somebody"某人"。空处表示"某些东西"，且表示肯定，故选B。
6. 根据下文中的"Wastewater has a big influence on our lives"可推知，此处询问原因，故用Why。
7. 根据上文中的"It causes both illness for us and pollution"可知，此处表示"我们的自身健康"，故用health。
8. 最后一段谈论的是如何处理废水。结合语境可知，此处是说来自家庭的废水，故用from"来自"。
9. 上文提到来自家庭的废水可以被再次利用，那么废水会变少，故用less。
10.工厂的废水在回归自然之前，必须被清洁处理。根据语境可知，此处用before引导时间状语从句。
五、
答案：ADBDCAACDB
解析：1. A句意为：……我们都需要从一座城市移动到另一座城市，从一个国家移动到另一个国家。结合语境及下文提到的交通工具可知应选择A项。
2. D空前一句是陈述人们的需要，后一句是说明这些交通工具会带来空气污染，故可知两句内容之间是转折关系，因此选择D项。
3. B句意为：然而，我们都知道大多数汽车、摩托车和飞机都会导致空气污染。由后文出现的pollution可知此处选择B项。
4. D句意为：因此科学家们正在考虑如何尽力减少污染和噪声。 下文讲的是如何减少污染和噪声，因此应用how。
5. C由下一句提到的摩托车的数量很多可知其很受欢迎，因此选择C项。
6. A此处指在城市里出行，摩托车是比汽车更快、更便宜的方 云。因此选择A项。
7. A句意为：有时候人们甚至不能呼吸。even意为"甚至"，表 示程度，符合语境。故选A项。
8. C由上一句提到的这种摩托车用电作为动力的来源可推断骑 迗种摩托车没有污染，故选C项。
9. D 此处指代上文提到的 an environmentally friendly motorcycle （一种对环境无害的摩托车），应用it。故选D项。
10. B由下文提到的瑞士的工程师们开发了一种太阳能飞机可知航空公司已经开始解决这些问题了。故选B项。
六、
答案：1-5 CBBAD 6-10 CACBD
解析：1. C点拨：由下文可知是说在自然界几乎一切都可再次使用。因为主语是everything,与use是被动关系，故用被动语态且can后用动词原形。故应选C项。
2. B点拨：由animals' 及句意可知应选B。
3. B点拨:考查定语从句。先行词为物，关系词在从句中作主语，故选B项。
4. A点拨：由and可知前后为并列成分，设空处与kills为并列关系，故选A。
5. D点拨:Though虽然;Whether是否;Why为什么; If如果。 根据上下文可知答案为D项。
6. C点拨：因为rubbish是不可数名词，故用it代替。
7. A点拨:根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故用连词but。
8. C点拨：由than可知用比较级。
9. B点拨:cut down砍倒。故选B项。
10. D点拨:本句中it为形式主语，后应填不定式作真正主语。
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