2023届高考英语复习：定语从句课件 (共17张PPT)
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届高考英语复习：定语从句课件 (共17张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 142.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-21 09:31:24 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共17张PPT)
定语从句
一、何谓定语？
所谓定语，就是对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限定作用的成分。英语中主要有单词、短语、句子作定语。
eg.
①She is a beautiful girl.
②A study conducted by IUCN shows water pollution is becoming serious.
③She is a girl whom I love.
二、何谓定语从句？
像例句③中用一个句子作整个主句中某一名词或代词的定语时，我们称该句子为________________。即定语从句在整个句子中作定语，并修饰整个句子中的某一名词或代词。
其中被修饰的词（名词或代词）被称作________________。定语从句一般出现在主句中先行词的后面。定语从句通常由一个引导词引导，引导词常放在先行词和定语从句之间。
先行词
定语从句
eg. He is the man who wants to see you.
该句中，He is the man 是____________，who wants to see you 为___________，who为__________，who引导的定语从句修饰整个句子中的先行词____________。
翻译：住在那座房子里的人是我的哥哥。
______________________________________.（定语从句作定语）或______________________________________.（短语作定语）
主句
定语从句
关系代词
the man
The man who lives in the house is my brother.
The man living in the house is my brother
三、定语从句的分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定定从 非限定从
形式上 不用逗号将其与主句隔开。 要用逗号将其与主句隔开。
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，对先行词进行修饰限定缩小其范围，如删除，主句将失去意义或意义不完整。 只是对先行词补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意义。
译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，翻译成“......的先行词”。 通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上 可用全部的关系词，关系词作宾语时通常可以省略，可用who代替whom。 不可以用that和why引导非限定从(why可以替换成for which)，尽量不用who代替whom，都不可以省略。
四、引导词的分类。
定语从句的引导词又叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有_____________________________________,
关系副词有_____________________________________。定语从句的关系词有三个作用：
（1）引导定语从句，（2）代替先行词，（3）在定语从句中担当某种成分。
that, who, whom, which, whose, as
when, where, why
eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a teacher.
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是________，修饰先行词the man，who是引导定语从句的________________，代替先行词the man，who在定语从句中作____________。
定语从句
关系代词
主语
五、关系代词的使用
1、who指人，在定语从句中作______________，作宾语时常可省略。
eg. The boys who are playing football are from China.
The man who I talked to just now is my English teacher.
eg. The man (who/ whom) you met just now is my old friend.
主、宾、表
2、whom指人，在定语从句中只作_________，常可省略。
eg. The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come.
<注>关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
宾
3、which指_______，在定语从句中做______________，作宾语时常可省略。
eg. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
The factory which makes computers is far away from home.
The film (which) they went to see yesterday was not interesting at all.
物
主、宾
4、that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作__________，指人时相当于____________；指物时相当于which。作宾语常可省略。
eg. The man that/ who spoke to me just now is my teacher.
The man (that/ whom/ who) you introduced to me is very kind.
The season that/ which comes after spring is summer.
I like the book (that/ which) you bought yesterday.
主、宾、表
who
5、whose指人时=the+ n+ of whom;指物时=the+ n+ of which，在定语从句中做______.
eg. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I once lived in a house whose window looks out over the sea.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow
定语
6、as在定语从句中可做主宾表，既可以指人，也可以指物，常用在the same as, such as, as... as, so... as等结构中，as不可省略；as 也可用在非限定性定语从句中，解释说明整个句子，可放在句首句中句尾，常有“正如，好像”之意。
eg. I want to buy such a computer as you bought yesterday.
As is known to all, the earth is round.
7、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关代”引导。指人时用“介词+whom”，指物时用“介词+which”，表所属用“介词+whose”
eg. The school (that/ which) he once studied in is very famous. =
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
This is the boy (who/ whom/ that) I played tennis with yesterday. =
This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.
<注>*介词的选择依据：①根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯；②根据先行词的搭配习惯；③根据句意。
*若定语从句的谓语动词为不可拆分的固定搭配时，介词则不前置
8、引导定语从句的关系代词只用that不用which的情况。
①当先行词是all, much, any, little, anything, something, everything, nothing, 等不定代词或被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。
eg. Everything that we saw in the film is true.
He told me all that he knew.
All that can be done has been done.
There is little that I can do for you.
②当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，或先行词是形容词最高级或被其修饰时。
eg. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
③当先行词被the very, the only, the right等修饰时。
eg. This is the very book that I want to buy.
The old car is the only thing that he owes.
④当先行词既有人又有物时。
eg. He thought highly of the things and persons that he met in China.
六、关系副词的使用
1、when指时间，在定语从句中作_____________。
eg. I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
I never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
比较：I still remember the days (that/ which) we spend together.
2、where指地点，在定语从句中作____________。
eg. The house where we lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
Is this the place where they fought the enemy
3、why指原因，在定语从句中作_____________。
eg. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
定语从句
一、何谓定语？
所谓定语，就是对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限定作用的成分。英语中主要有单词、短语、句子作定语。
eg.
①She is a beautiful girl.
②A study conducted by IUCN shows water pollution is becoming serious.
③She is a girl whom I love.
二、何谓定语从句？
像例句③中用一个句子作整个主句中某一名词或代词的定语时，我们称该句子为________________。即定语从句在整个句子中作定语，并修饰整个句子中的某一名词或代词。
其中被修饰的词（名词或代词）被称作________________。定语从句一般出现在主句中先行词的后面。定语从句通常由一个引导词引导，引导词常放在先行词和定语从句之间。
先行词
定语从句
eg. He is the man who wants to see you.
该句中，He is the man 是____________，who wants to see you 为___________，who为__________，who引导的定语从句修饰整个句子中的先行词____________。
翻译：住在那座房子里的人是我的哥哥。
______________________________________.（定语从句作定语）或______________________________________.（短语作定语）
主句
定语从句
关系代词
the man
The man who lives in the house is my brother.
The man living in the house is my brother
三、定语从句的分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定定从 非限定从
形式上 不用逗号将其与主句隔开。 要用逗号将其与主句隔开。
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，对先行词进行修饰限定缩小其范围，如删除，主句将失去意义或意义不完整。 只是对先行词补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意义。
译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，翻译成“......的先行词”。 通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上 可用全部的关系词，关系词作宾语时通常可以省略，可用who代替whom。 不可以用that和why引导非限定从(why可以替换成for which)，尽量不用who代替whom，都不可以省略。
四、引导词的分类。
定语从句的引导词又叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有_____________________________________,
关系副词有_____________________________________。定语从句的关系词有三个作用：
（1）引导定语从句，（2）代替先行词，（3）在定语从句中担当某种成分。
that, who, whom, which, whose, as
when, where, why
eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a teacher.
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是________，修饰先行词the man，who是引导定语从句的________________，代替先行词the man，who在定语从句中作____________。
定语从句
关系代词
主语
五、关系代词的使用
1、who指人，在定语从句中作______________，作宾语时常可省略。
eg. The boys who are playing football are from China.
The man who I talked to just now is my English teacher.
eg. The man (who/ whom) you met just now is my old friend.
主、宾、表
2、whom指人，在定语从句中只作_________，常可省略。
eg. The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come.
<注>关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
宾
3、which指_______，在定语从句中做______________，作宾语时常可省略。
eg. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
The factory which makes computers is far away from home.
The film (which) they went to see yesterday was not interesting at all.
物
主、宾
4、that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作__________，指人时相当于____________；指物时相当于which。作宾语常可省略。
eg. The man that/ who spoke to me just now is my teacher.
The man (that/ whom/ who) you introduced to me is very kind.
The season that/ which comes after spring is summer.
I like the book (that/ which) you bought yesterday.
主、宾、表
who
5、whose指人时=the+ n+ of whom;指物时=the+ n+ of which，在定语从句中做______.
eg. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I once lived in a house whose window looks out over the sea.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow
定语
6、as在定语从句中可做主宾表，既可以指人，也可以指物，常用在the same as, such as, as... as, so... as等结构中，as不可省略；as 也可用在非限定性定语从句中，解释说明整个句子，可放在句首句中句尾，常有“正如，好像”之意。
eg. I want to buy such a computer as you bought yesterday.
As is known to all, the earth is round.
7、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关代”引导。指人时用“介词+whom”，指物时用“介词+which”，表所属用“介词+whose”
eg. The school (that/ which) he once studied in is very famous. =
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
This is the boy (who/ whom/ that) I played tennis with yesterday. =
This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.
<注>*介词的选择依据：①根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯；②根据先行词的搭配习惯；③根据句意。
*若定语从句的谓语动词为不可拆分的固定搭配时，介词则不前置
8、引导定语从句的关系代词只用that不用which的情况。
①当先行词是all, much, any, little, anything, something, everything, nothing, 等不定代词或被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。
eg. Everything that we saw in the film is true.
He told me all that he knew.
All that can be done has been done.
There is little that I can do for you.
②当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，或先行词是形容词最高级或被其修饰时。
eg. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
③当先行词被the very, the only, the right等修饰时。
eg. This is the very book that I want to buy.
The old car is the only thing that he owes.
④当先行词既有人又有物时。
eg. He thought highly of the things and persons that he met in China.
六、关系副词的使用
1、when指时间，在定语从句中作_____________。
eg. I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
I never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
比较：I still remember the days (that/ which) we spend together.
2、where指地点，在定语从句中作____________。
eg. The house where we lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
Is this the place where they fought the enemy
3、why指原因，在定语从句中作_____________。
eg. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语